Organic modifier for improving fertility of lithium tailings as well as preparation and application of organic modifier

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic modifier for improving fertility of lithium tailings as well as preparation and application of the organic modifier, and the organic modifier is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70-95 parts of organic matter raw materials, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of seaweed organic matter and 0.5-5 parts of beneficial microbial agent. The organic matter raw material is prepared from multi-element farmyard manure and organic raw materials. The organic improver can effectively improve the porosity of the lithium tailings, microorganisms and the fertility of a mixed matrix, and is used for replacing ecological restoration planting soil; the improved lithium tailings can guarantee smooth germination of seeds and healthy growth of seedlings, and plants can complete a complete growth cycle of flowering and fruiting, so that resource utilization of the mill tailings is realized, the cost is reduced, secondary damage and pollution are reduced, and low-cost ecological restoration without foreign soil of mines is realized. And a low-cost solution is provided for ecological environment risks possibly caused by mine production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lithium tailings improvement technology, and in particular to an organic improver for improving the fertility of lithium tailings, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the development of non-ferrous metal mines, a large amount of tailings with fine particles, loose accumulation and easy mobility will be produced, thus forming large-scale tailings ponds, leading to ecological and environmental problems in the mining area and insufficient planting soil for ecological restoration.

[0003] Lithium polymetallic ore beneficiation tailings are usually fine in size (-0.074mm ≥ 65%), with a high proportion of clay and clay minerals (5-12%), and a large bulk density (> 1.5g / cm 3 ), the total porosity is small (30-35%), indicating that the tailings structure is too compact, with poor permeability, high viscosity, poor fertility, and crops are in a state of fertilizer deficiency. It cannot be used directly as planting soil, so the lithium tailings need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide an organic modifier for improving the fertility of lithium tailings, as well as its preparation and application. The organic modifier can effectively improve the porosity, microorganisms and mixed matrix fertility of the lithium tailings matrix. The improved lithium tailings matrix can ensure the smooth germination of seeds, the healthy growth of seedlings, and the completion of the complete growth cycle of flowering and fruiting of plants, thereby realizing the resource utilization of mineral processing tailings, reducing costs, reducing secondary damage and pollution, and realizing low-cost ecological restoration of mines without foreign soil, providing a low-cost solution to the ecological and environmental risks that may be brought about by mining production.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An organic improver for improving the fertility of lithium tailings is prepared from 70-95 parts of organic raw materials, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of seaweed organic matter, and 0.5-5 parts of beneficial microbial agents, in parts by weight. The organic raw materials are prepared from multi-element farmyard manure and organic raw materials.

[0007] Furthermore, the multi-element farmyard manure includes chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure and rabbit manure, and the organic raw material includes sawdust; the mass ratio of chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure and sawdust is 1:

[0008] (1.5-2):(1.5-2):1:(1-1.5).

[0009] Furthermore, the potassium humate includes one or more of natural mineral-derived potassium humate, biomass-derived potassium humate, and artificially synthesized potassium humate, and is in the form of one or more of solid powder, granular, liquid, and block.

[0010] Furthermore, seaweed organic matter includes "Haibu No. 1" and "Duobao" produced by Beijing Leili Marine Biological New Industry Co., Ltd.

[0011] Furthermore, the beneficial microbial agent includes one or more microbial flora selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, phosphate-soluble bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, and is in one or more of liquid, powder, and granular forms, with a spore count of between 10 billion / g and 20 billion / g.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned organic modifier, the specific process is:

[0013] (1) Using multiple farmyard manure and organic raw materials to produce organic raw materials:

[0014] The multi-component farmyard manure and organic raw materials are mixed and then composted; the temperature of the composting is 25°C-35°C in the initial stage, 55°C-65°C in the high temperature stage, and the temperature drops to below 40°C in the mature stage; the humidity of the compost is between 50% and 60%; the oxygen content of the composting environment is 10%-15%, and the C / N ratio is 25:1 to 35:1; the pH value of the compost material is between 6.5 and 7.5 in the initial stage, rises to 8-8.5 in the high temperature stage, and stabilizes at 7-8 in the mature stage; the organic raw materials obtained by composting have an organic matter mass content of ≥30% and a water mass content of ≤30% on a dry basis.

[0015] (2) adding potassium humate, seaweed organic matter and beneficial microbial agents to the organic raw material prepared in step (1), mixing the mixture, and then stacking and fermenting the mixture for 10-30 days to obtain an organic improver.

[0016] Furthermore, the organic amendment has a pH of 7-9, a moisture content of 15-20%, an organic matter content of 30-45% on a dry basis, a P2O5 content of 2-4%, a total nitrogen content of 1-2%, a K2O content of 1-7%, and a total nutrient content of 4-15% on a dry basis.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application of the organic modifier in improving the fertility of lithium tailings.

[0018] Furthermore, the lithium tailings and the organic modifier are mixed, and the mass ratio of the lithium tailings to the organic modifier is (50-100):(1-5).

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. Richer Nutrition: The organic amendment of this invention contains a variety of bioactive ingredients derived from seaweed, which provide seaweed polysaccharides. These promote the formation of soil aggregates, making the soil loose and porous, and improving soil aeration and water permeability. Furthermore, seaweed polysaccharides can adsorb minerals and trace elements, chelating them for sustained release, reducing leaching losses.

[0021] 2. Faster Fertilizer Effect: The organic amendments of this invention contain nutrients that are mostly in organic form and have a smaller molecular structure, making them easily absorbed and utilized by plants, resulting in faster fertilizer effects. Furthermore, the organic amendments of this invention improve soil structure, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and further increase the rate of nutrient conversion and release.

[0022] 3. Wide range of raw materials and simple preparation process: The raw materials of the organic amendment of the present invention are mainly livestock organic manure and common bacterial agents on the market, which greatly reduces the raw material cost. At the same time, the preparation steps of the organic amendment of the present invention are simple and the addition is convenient, which is conducive to on-site construction.

[0023] 4. The addition amount is small, and the fertility of lithium tailings is significantly improved: the lithium tailings are improved by using the organic modifier of the present invention. The physical and chemical properties of the lithium tailings matrix obtained after the improvement are significantly improved, and the comprehensive fertility index can be significantly improved. In the flower pot test, the total plant biomass and total porosity of the improved lithium tailings matrix are effectively increased, and the bulk density and moisture content are reduced.

[0024] 5. Reduce the amount of foreign soil used and reduce the cost of mine ecological restoration: By mixing the organic modifier provided by the present invention, the surface lithium tailings adhesion, permeability, fertility and other related indicators can be improved, so that the lithium tailings matrix obtained after improvement can replace planting soil for ecological restoration, achieving waste treatment with waste, reducing or not using foreign soil while reducing the cost of ecological restoration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that this embodiment is based on the technical solution and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This embodiment provides an organic improver for improving the fertility of lithium tailings, which is made from 79 parts of organic raw materials, 6 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of seaweed organic matter, and 2 parts of beneficial microbial agents, in parts by weight. The organic raw materials are made from multi-element farmyard manure and organic raw materials.

[0028] Among the above-mentioned organic amendments, potassium humate can bind the fine particles in the lithium tailings together to form larger aggregates, promote the formation of the aggregate structure of the lithium tailings, increase the air permeability and water retention of the lithium tailings, and be beneficial to the growth and development of crop roots. At the same time, it also improves the fertility and erosion resistance of the lithium tailings.

[0029] Seaweed organic matter can provide polysaccharides, which promote the formation of lithium tailings aggregates, making them loose and porous, and improving their air permeability and water permeability. At the same time, seaweed polysaccharides can adsorb minerals and trace elements, chelating them to form a slow-release structure and reducing leaching.

[0030] Beneficial microbial agents can absorb heavy metals, decompose and ferment organic matter, produce organic acids, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, improve the specific functions of phosphorus and potassium in lithium tailings, promote the rapid release of effective ingredients in tailings, and improve the biological activity and fertility of the improved matrix.

[0031] In this embodiment, the multi-element farmyard manure includes chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure and rabbit manure, and the organic raw material includes sawdust; the mass ratio of chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure and sawdust is 1:2:2:1:1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the potassium humate is natural mineral source potassium humate, and according to the requirements of slow-release dissolution and absorption rate, the potassium humate is in granular form.

[0033] In this embodiment, the seaweed organic matter includes "Haibu No. 1" and "Duobao" produced by Beijing Leili Marine Biological New Industry Co., Ltd., with a mass ratio of 1:1. This seaweed organic matter provides seaweed polysaccharides, which promote the formation of lithium tailings aggregates, making the tailings loose and porous, and improving the air permeability and water permeability of the tailings. Furthermore, the seaweed polysaccharides can adsorb minerals and trace elements, presenting them in chelated forms, which provide a sustained release effect and reduce leaching.

[0034] In this embodiment, the beneficial microbial agent is Bacillus subtilis, the product is in powder form, and the spore count is 20 billion / g.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This embodiment provides a method for preparing the organic modifier described in Example 1, and the specific process is as follows:

[0037] (1) Organic raw materials are produced using multiple farmyard manures and organic raw materials.

[0038] Specifically, the multi-element farmyard manure of chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure and organic raw material sawdust are crushed and sieved respectively, and the particle size under the sieve is ≤1.27cm, and then mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1:1;

[0039] After mixing, composting is carried out; the temperature of the composting is 35°C in the initial stage, 65°C in the high-temperature stage, and the temperature drops to 40°C in the mature stage; the humidity of the compost is 60%; the oxygen content of the composting environment is 15%, and the C / N ratio (carbon-nitrogen ratio) is 25:1; the pH value of the composting material is 7 in the initial stage, rises to 8 in the high-temperature stage, and stabilizes at 8 in the mature stage.

[0040] The organic matter mass content (on a dry basis) of the organic raw material obtained by composting is 42.6%, and the water mass content is 18%.

[0041] (2) Potassium humate, various seaweed organic matter and beneficial microbial agents are added to the organic raw material prepared in step (1), mixed, and stored for fermentation for 30 days. The resulting organic improver has a pH of 7.5, a moisture (free water) mass content of 15%, an organic matter mass content of 42% on a dry basis, a P2O5 mass content of 3.2%, a TN mass content of 1.7%, a K2O mass content of 6.3%, and a total nutrient (P2O5, TN, K2O) mass content of 11.3% on a dry basis. Its organic matter content, total nutrient content, moisture content, pH and other indicators meet the relevant standards for organic fertilizers (NYT 525-2021 organic fertilizers).

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The lithium multi-metal beneficiation tailings were mixed with the organic modifier prepared in Example 2 at a mass ratio of 50:2. After standing and ripening for 15 days, a flower pot test was carried out to verify the improvement effect by testing the fertility of the mixed matrix and plant growth indicators.

[0044] The organic matter content of the lithium polymetallic beneficiation tailings used in this example was 1.97 g / kg, far below the sixth level (<6 g / kg) of the national lithium tailings nutrient content classification standard. More than 65% of the lithium polymetallic beneficiation tailings had a particle size less than 200 mesh, and the total porosity of the tailings was 34%, far lower than the porosity of well-structured lithium tailings (55% to 70%).

[0045] After the test, the lithium tailings improved matrix flower pots were measured to have a 150% increase in total nitrogen, a 130% increase in organic matter, a 2000% increase in available phosphorus, a 230% increase in available potassium, a 30% increase in cation exchange capacity, a 170% increase in EC, a 10% increase in total porosity, a 5% decrease in bulk density, and a 17% decrease in water content compared to pure lithium tailings matrix flower pots, indicating that the nutritional and chemical indicators of the improved lithium tailings matrix were significantly improved. The improvement in physical indicators such as porosity and bulk density indicated that the permeability and adhesion of the lithium tailings were effectively improved. After 60 days of sowing annual plants in the flower pots, the lithium tailings improved matrix flower pots had a 50% increase in plant strain and a 270% increase in total biomass compared to pure lithium tailings matrix flower pots, indicating that by adding a small amount of the organic amendment described in Example 1, the physical and chemical indicators of the improved matrix can be effectively improved, and it is beneficial to plant growth.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] This embodiment provides an organic improver for improving the fertility of lithium tailings, which is made from 84 parts of organic raw materials, 5 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of seaweed organic matter, and 1 part of beneficial microbial agent, in parts by weight. The organic raw materials are made from multi-element farmyard manure and organic raw materials.

[0048] In this embodiment, the multi-element farmyard manure includes chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure and rabbit manure, and the organic raw material includes sawdust; the mass ratio of chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure and sawdust is 1:1.5:1.5:1:1.

[0049] In this embodiment, the potassium humate is natural mineral source potassium humate, and its state is granular.

[0050] In this embodiment, the seaweed organic matter includes "Haibu No. 1" and "Duobao" produced by Leili Company, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0051] In this embodiment, the beneficial microbial agent is Bacillus subtilis, the product is in powder form, and the spore count is 10 billion / g.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] This embodiment provides a method for preparing the organic modifier described in Example 4, and the specific process is as follows:

[0054] (1) Organic raw materials are produced using multiple farmyard manures and organic raw materials.

[0055] Specifically, the multi-element farmyard manure chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure and organic raw material sawdust were crushed and sieved respectively, with the particle size of the sieved particles being ≤1.27 cm, and then blended in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:1.5:1:1;

[0056] After mixing, composting is carried out; the temperature of the composting is 25°C in the initial stage, 55°C in the high-temperature stage, and the temperature is reduced to 40°C in the mature stage; the humidity of the compost is 50%; the oxygen content of the composting environment is 10%, and the C / N ratio (carbon-nitrogen ratio) is 25:1; the pH value of the composting material is 6.5 in the initial stage, rises to 8 in the high-temperature stage, and stabilizes at 7 in the mature stage.

[0057] The organic raw material obtained by composting has an organic matter content (on a dry basis) of 30% by mass and a water content of 20% by mass.

[0058] (2) Potassium humate, various seaweed organic matter and beneficial microbial agents are added to the organic raw material prepared in step (1), mixed, and stored for fermentation for 10 days. The resulting organic improver has a pH of 8, a moisture (free water) mass content of 20%, an organic matter mass content of 32% on a dry basis, a P2O5 mass content of 3%, a TN mass content of 1%, a K2O mass content of 3%, and a total nutrient (P2O5, TN, K2O) mass content of 7% on a dry basis. Its organic matter content, total nutrient content, moisture content, pH and other indicators meet the relevant standards for organic fertilizers (NYT 525-2021 organic fertilizers).

[0059] Example 6

[0060] The lithium multi-metal beneficiation tailings were mixed with the organic amendment prepared in Example 5 at a mass ratio of 50:1. After standing and ripening for 7 days, a flower pot test was carried out to verify the improvement effect by testing the fertility of the mixed matrix and plant growth indicators.

[0061] The organic matter content of the lithium polymetallic beneficiation tailings is 1.97g / kg, far below the sixth level (<6g / kg) of the national lithium tailings nutrient content classification standard. More than 65% of the lithium polymetallic beneficiation tailings have a particle size less than 200 mesh, and the total porosity of the tailings is 34%, far lower than the porosity of well-structured lithium tailings (55%-70%).

[0062] After the end of the experiment, it was measured that the total nitrogen content of the lithium tailings improved matrix flower pots was increased by 137% compared with the pure lithium tailings matrix flower pots, the organic matter content was increased by 100%, the available phosphorus was increased by 1820%, the available potassium was increased by 194%, the cation exchange capacity was increased by 17%, the EC was increased by 148%, the total porosity was increased by 8%, the bulk density was reduced by 4%, and the moisture content was reduced by 15%, indicating that the nutritional chemical indicators of the improved lithium tailings matrix were significantly improved, and the reduction in physical indicators such as porosity and bulk density indicated that the permeability and adhesion of the lithium tailings were effectively improved; 60 days after sowing annual plants in the flower pots, the plant number of the lithium tailings improved matrix flower pots was increased by 37% compared with the pure lithium tailings matrix flower pots, and the total biomass was increased by 150%, indicating that by adding a small amount of the organic modifier configured by the present invention, the physical and chemical indicators of the improved matrix can be effectively improved, and it is beneficial to plant growth.

[0063] Those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all of these changes and modifications should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic modifier for improving the fertility of lithium tailings, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from 70-95 parts of organic raw materials, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of seaweed organic matter and 0.5-5 parts of beneficial microbial agents by weight. The organic raw materials are prepared from multi-element farmyard manure and organic raw materials.

2. The organic improver according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-element farmyard manure includes chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure and rabbit manure, and the organic raw material includes sawdust; the mass ratio of chicken manure, pigeon manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure and sawdust is 1:(1.5-2):(1.5-2):1:(1-1.5).

3. The organic improver according to claim 1, characterized in that The potassium humate includes one or more of natural mineral-derived potassium humate, biomass-derived potassium humate, and artificially synthesized potassium humate, and is in the form of one or more of solid powder, granular, liquid, and block.

4. The organic improver according to claim 1, characterized in that Seaweed organic matter includes "Haibu No. 1" and "Duobao" produced by Beijing Leili Marine Biological New Industry Co., Ltd.

5. The organic improver according to claim 1, characterized in that The beneficial microbial agent includes one or more microbial flora selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, phosphate-soluble bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, and is in one or more of liquid, powder, and granular forms, with a spore count between 10 billion / g and 20 billion / g.

6. A method for preparing the organic modifier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific process is: (1) Using multiple farmyard manure and organic raw materials to produce organic raw materials: The multi-component farmyard manure and organic raw materials are mixed and then composted; the temperature of the composting is 25°C-35°C in the initial stage, 55°C-65°C in the high temperature stage, and the temperature drops to below 40°C in the mature stage; the humidity of the compost is between 50% and 60%; the oxygen content of the composting environment is 10%-15%, and the C / N ratio is 25:1 to 35:1; the pH value of the compost material is between 6.5 and 7.5 in the initial stage, rises to 8-8.5 in the high temperature stage, and stabilizes at 7-8 in the mature stage; the organic raw materials obtained by composting have an organic matter mass content of ≥30% and a water mass content of ≤30% on a dry basis. (2) adding potassium humate, seaweed organic matter and beneficial microbial agents to the organic raw material prepared in step (1), mixing the mixture, and then stacking and fermenting the mixture for 10-30 days to obtain an organic improver.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The organic amendment has a pH of 7-9, a moisture content of 15-20%, an organic matter content of 30-45% on a dry basis, a P2O5 content of 2-4%, a total nitrogen content of 1-2%, a K2O content of 1-7%, and a total nutrient content of 4-15% on a dry basis.

8. Use of the organic modifier according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving the fertility of lithium tailings.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The lithium tailings and the organic modifier are mixed, and the mass ratio of the lithium tailings to the organic modifier is (50-100):(1-5).