A sliding sleeve, sliding sleeve assembly and construction process

Abstract

The application discloses a sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve assembly and a construction process, and the sliding sleeve comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a center cylinder, a wireless temperature control mechanism and a temperature control conducting mechanism; the peripheral wall of the inner cylinder and the peripheral wall of the outer cylinder are both provided with first through holes corresponding in size and position; the center cylinder is arranged in an annulus between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder in a sliding mode; the peripheral wall of the center cylinder is provided with second through holes corresponding to the positions of the first through holes, and the second through holes are consistent in size with the first through holes; the upper portion and the lower portion of the annulus are respectively provided with the temperature control conducting mechanisms; the wireless temperature control mechanism is connected with the temperature control conducting mechanisms, and the wireless temperature control mechanism can receive wireless signals; the temperature control conducting mechanisms are used for sealing the inner cavity of the inner cylinder and the annulus when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature, and the inner cavity of the inner cylinder and the annulus are communicated when the preset temperature is reached and under the action of a preset wellbore pressure. The wireless control mode is formed based on the wireless signals, high in precision and strong in reliability, and can effectively avoid the occurrence of downhole accidents, and is low in operation risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of downhole flow control tools for reservoir stimulation processes, and in particular to a sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve assembly, and a construction process. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of domestic oil and gas exploration and development, the proportion of tight and difficult-to-develop resources in newly proven onshore oil and gas reserves has exceeded 70% and 90% respectively, making the low-cost and efficient development of unconventional oil and gas resources a focus. Benefiting from the maturity and widespread application of horizontal well drilling and completion and multi-stage fracturing technologies, the production of unconventional oil and gas such as tight oil and gas and shale oil and gas in China has increased significantly. As field operations gradually shift towards complex development targets such as deep and ultra-deep formations and high-temperature and high-pressure environments, higher requirements are placed on downhole fracturing tools, necessitating the use of low-cost, high-reliability, and high-efficiency long horizontal well staged fracturing tools to provide crucial technical support.

[0003] Domestic research institutions have developed horizontal well open-hole packer sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology and casing-cemented sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology, along with corresponding tubing strings. The open-hole packer sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology uses an external packer as an inter-layer isolation tool. However, external packers have drawbacks such as high cost, a certain risk of setting failure during fracturing, and a short service life after production. The casing-cemented sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology uses annular cement sheaths as an inter-segment isolation method, eliminating the need for an external packer. Compared to the open-hole packer sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology, it is generally less expensive and more practical. However, it also suffers from difficulties in fracturing initiation, excessively high operating pressure, difficulty in opening and closing the sliding sleeve, and inability to meet the requirements for subsequent production dynamic monitoring and wellbore management. Therefore, improvements to existing sliding sleeve tools are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the reliability of sliding sleeve tools and reduce operational risks, this invention provides a sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve assembly, and a construction process.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a sliding sleeve, including an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a central cylinder, a wireless temperature control mechanism, and a temperature control conduction mechanism;

[0006] Both the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder have first through holes of corresponding size and position on their peripheral walls.

[0007] The central cylinder is slidably disposed in the annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;

[0008] The peripheral wall of the central cylinder is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the position of the first through hole. The second through hole has the same size as the first through hole. When the central cylinder is in the closed position, the first through hole and the second through hole are offset. When the central cylinder is in the open position, the first through hole and the second through hole are aligned.

[0009] The temperature control conduction mechanism is provided above and below the annulus, respectively;

[0010] The wireless temperature control mechanism is connected to the temperature control conduction mechanism. The wireless temperature control mechanism can receive wireless signals and is used to control the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism according to the wireless signals.

[0011] The temperature control conduction mechanism is used to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder from the annulus when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to connect the inner cavity of the inner cylinder with the annulus when the preset temperature is reached and the preset wellbore pressure is applied.

[0012] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the temperature control conduction mechanism includes a temperature control conduction valve and a temperature control pressure transmission valve;

[0013] The temperature control valves are respectively provided above and below the annulus;

[0014] The temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve is located between the temperature-controlled conduction valve and the central cylinder;

[0015] Hydraulic oil is filled between the temperature-controlled on-line valve and the temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve;

[0016] Hydraulic oil is filled between the temperature control pressure transmission valve and the central cylinder;

[0017] The temperature-controlled valve is used to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder from the annulus when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to connect the inner cavity of the inner cylinder with the annulus when the temperature reaches the preset temperature and the preset wellbore pressure is applied.

[0018] The temperature-controlled pressure valve is used to block pressure transmission when the temperature is below the preset temperature, and to enable pressure transmission when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

[0019] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the temperature-controlled conduction valve includes a rupture disc, a fastener, a first fusible plug, and a first heating element;

[0020] The fasteners are provided above and below the annular space, respectively;

[0021] The fastener is provided with a receiving groove, and the first hot melt plug is disposed in the receiving groove;

[0022] The rupture disc is located at one end of the fastener near the inner cylinder;

[0023] The first thermal plug is used to support the ruptured disc when the temperature is below the preset temperature, and to release the support of the ruptured disc when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

[0024] The first heating element is fitted onto the fastener and is used to heat the first hot melt plug to the preset temperature;

[0025] The rupture disc is used to rupture when the first hot melt plug releases its support and under the action of the preset wellbore pressure.

[0026] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the inner wall of the receiving groove is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is nested inside the first hot melt plug.

[0027] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the sliding sleeve further includes a connector;

[0028] The connector is connected above and below the annulus, respectively;

[0029] The connector is provided with fastener mounting holes;

[0030] The fastener is sealed and connected within the fastener mounting hole.

[0031] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the temperature control pressure transmission valve includes a first heat-insulating outer cylinder and a second heating element, a first heat transfer inner cylinder, a second hot melt plug, and two first pistons disposed inside the first heat-insulating outer cylinder;

[0032] The first piston and the second hot melt plug are disposed inside the first heat-insulating inner cylinder, and the first piston is disposed at both ends of the second hot melt plug;

[0033] The second heating element is sleeved outside the first heat transfer inner cylinder and is used to heat the second hot melt plug to the preset temperature;

[0034] The second hot melt plug is used to confine the two first pistons inside the first heat transfer inner cylinder when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to release the confinement of the first pistons when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

[0035] The two first pistons are used to move along the first heat transfer inner cylinder under the action of the preset wellbore pressure after the second hot melt plug is released from its limit, so as to realize pressure transmission.

[0036] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the sliding sleeve further includes a temperature-controlled reflux valve;

[0037] The connector is equipped with the temperature-controlled reflux valve;

[0038] Both the connector and the inner cylinder are provided with fluid channels;

[0039] The fluid channel connects the corresponding temperature-controlled reflux valve and the central cylinder;

[0040] The fluid channel is filled with hydraulic oil;

[0041] The temperature-controlled back pressure valve is used to block pressure transmission when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to enable pressure transmission when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

[0042] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the temperature control reflux valve includes a second heat-insulating outer cylinder and a third heating element, a second heat transfer inner cylinder, a third hot melt plug, and two second pistons disposed inside the second heat-insulating outer cylinder;

[0043] The two ends of the third hot melt plug are respectively limited within the second heat transfer inner cylinder by the second piston;

[0044] The second piston, located near the fluid channel, is in communication with the fluid channel;

[0045] The third heating element is sleeved outside the second heat transfer inner cylinder and is used to heat the third hot melt plug to the preset temperature;

[0046] The third hot melt plug is used to confine the two second pistons inside the second heat transfer inner cylinder when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to release the confinement of the second pistons when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

[0047] The two second pistons are used to release the third hot melt plug from its limit and move along the second heat transfer inner cylinder under the action of the preset wellbore pressure to achieve pressure transmission.

[0048] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the wireless temperature control mechanism includes a heating control module;

[0049] The heating control module is connected to the first heating element, the second heating element, and the third heating element respectively, and is used to control the first heating element, the second heating element, and the third heating element to heat the first hot melt plug, the second hot melt plug, and the third hot melt plug to the preset temperature respectively.

[0050] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the temperature-controlled on-feed valve, the temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and the temperature-controlled reflux valve all include a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is connected to the heating control module.

[0051] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the wireless signal includes a pressure wave pulse signal and / or a signal from an RFID electronic tag;

[0052] The wireless temperature control mechanism also includes a sliding antenna array, a wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module and / or a pressure wave demodulation module connected to the sliding antenna array;

[0053] The sliding antenna array is located inside the inner cylinder and is used to receive the pressure wave pulse signal or the signal of the RFID electronic tag and send it to the pressure wave demodulation module or the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module.

[0054] The pressure wave demodulation module or the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module is connected to the heating control module to identify the pressure wave pulse signal or the signal of the RFID electronic tag and send a temperature control signal to the heating control module.

[0055] In one or more optional embodiments of this application, the sliding sleeve further includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism.

[0056] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a construction process using the sliding sleeve described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0057] After connecting and installing each of the sliding sleeves into the sleeve string, each of the sliding sleeves is then lowered into a preset layer segment.

[0058] After cementing operations, a wireless signal is transmitted from the ground. The wireless temperature control mechanism receives the wireless signal and controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located above the annulus. The corresponding temperature control conduction mechanism heats up to the preset temperature and pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder slides down from the closed position to the open position, and the sliding sleeve of the preset section is opened.

[0059] After fracturing is carried out in the preset section, the wireless signal is transmitted from the ground. After receiving the wireless signal, the wireless temperature control mechanism controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located below the annulus. The corresponding temperature control conduction mechanism heats up to the preset temperature and pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder slides from the open position to the closed position, and the sliding sleeve of the preset section is closed.

[0060] The process of opening and closing the sliding sleeves described above is repeated sequentially for the sliding sleeves of different preset layers.

[0061] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a sliding sleeve assembly for collecting downhole data, including a data communication instrument string and the sliding sleeve described in the first aspect;

[0062] The sliding sleeve also includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism;

[0063] The data communication instrument string includes a data duplex transmission section, a locator, and a receiving antenna located outside the data duplex transmission section;

[0064] The wireless temperature control mechanism is connected to the receiving antenna and is used to transmit data collected by at least one of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor to the receiving antenna;

[0065] The positioner is used to position the sliding sleeve.

[0066] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a construction process for downhole wireless data communication, employing the sliding sleeve assembly for collecting downhole data as described in the third aspect, including the following steps:

[0067] The data communication instrument string is lowered into the well and positioned according to the location of the sliding sleeve;

[0068] The data duplex transmission section is connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism via a receiving antenna to transmit data;

[0069] The data communication instrument string is sequentially lowered into the position of the sliding sleeve set in each layer, and the process of data transmission between the data duplex transmission section and the wireless temperature control mechanism described above is repeated.

[0070] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application include at least the following:

[0071] This application provides a sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve assembly, and a construction process. By setting up a wireless temperature control mechanism and a temperature control conduction mechanism, the wireless temperature control mechanism can receive wireless signals. Based on these wireless signals, the wireless temperature control mechanism controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism to perform the opening or closing operation of the sliding sleeve. This embodiment uses a wireless control method based on wireless signals, avoiding the ball-throwing or dart-throwing methods used in existing technologies. This avoids the malfunctions caused by ball-throwing or dart-throwing methods. Even if multiple sliding sleeves are connected in series on the tubing string, when a specific sliding sleeve on the tubing string needs to be opened, the wireless signal can accurately transmit the specific sliding sleeve opening or closing information to the designated location. This method has high precision and high reliability, effectively preventing downhole accidents and reducing operational risks.

[0072] Existing soluble ball technology also has certain drawbacks. If the soluble ball seat begins to dissolve before fracturing, it will be unable to capture the soluble ball or dart, preventing the sliding sleeve from opening and leading to fracturing failure in the corresponding section. This results in insufficient reliability and high operational risk. In this embodiment, the opening and closing of the sliding sleeve can be accurately controlled by temperature, effectively avoiding the problem of uncontrollable factors preventing the sliding sleeve from opening and thus causing fracturing failure. This embodiment is more reliable than existing technologies and can ensure the smooth progress of subsequent fracturing operations. Moreover, soluble balls generally require a long time to completely dissolve, and only after the soluble balls are completely dissolved can the wellbore be fully vented. However, the sliding sleeve in this embodiment can ensure that the wellbore remains fully vented throughout the entire operation, thereby improving operational efficiency and reducing operational risk.

[0073] The process of using the sliding sleeve in this embodiment is basically the same as the existing casing sliding sleeve segmented fracturing and well completion process, which is easy to be accepted and promoted in the field. Moreover, the sliding sleeve in this embodiment can be used in various unconventional, difficult-to-operate low-permeability oil and gas wells for volumetric stimulation, fracture-controlled fracturing, and shaped charge fracturing, including fracturing and acid fracturing of tight oil, tight gas, shale oil, shale gas, and coalbed methane wells, and has strong applicability.

[0074] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0075] The technical solution of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0076] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present application to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0077] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding sleeve provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0078] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of area A in the middle;

[0079] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of area B in the middle;

[0080] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first temperature-controlled on-state valve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first temperature-controlled on-state valve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first temperature-controlled reflux valve provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0083] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of the heating module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the construction process of the sliding sleeve provided in this application embodiment;

[0085] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data communication instrument string provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating the construction process for downhole wireless data communication provided in this application embodiment;

[0087] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0088] 1. Outer cylinder; 101. Control mechanism outer cylinder; 102. Actuator outer cylinder; 2. Inner cylinder; 201. Control mechanism inner cylinder; 202. Actuator inner cylinder; 3. Central cylinder; 4. Wireless temperature control mechanism; 401. Heating control module; 402. High-temperature resistant battery pack; 403. Sliding sleeve antenna array; 404. Wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module; 405. Pressure wave demodulation module; 5. First temperature control conduction mechanism; 501. First temperature control conduction valve; 5011. Rupture disc; 5012. Fastener; 5013. First hot melt plug; 5014. Protrusion; 502. First temperature control pressure transmission valve; 5021. First heat-insulating outer cylinder; 5022. Second heating element; 5023. First heat transfer inner cylinder; 5024. Second hot melt plug; 5025, First piston; 6, Second temperature control conduction mechanism; 601, Second temperature control conduction valve; 602, Second temperature control pressure transmission valve; 7, First through hole; 8, Second through hole; 9, Annular cavity; 10, High-temperature resistant sealing grease; 11, Upper connector; 12, Intermediate connector; 13, Lower connector; 14, First temperature control reflux valve; 1401, Second insulation outer cylinder; 1402, Third heating element; 1403, Second heat transfer inner cylinder; 1404, Third hot melt plug; 1405, Second piston; 15, Second temperature control reflux valve; 16, Fluid channel; 17, Sensor assembly; 18, Channel; 19, Connector; 20, Release mechanism; 21, Positioner; 22, High-temperature resistant power supply section; 23, Data duplex transmission section; 24, Guide shoe. Detailed Implementation

[0089] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0090] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0091] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0092] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0093] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0094] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0095] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the following embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0096] To illustrate the technical solution of this application, specific embodiments are described below.

[0097] The inventors discovered that, in order to effectively reduce fracturing operation costs and optimize construction results, existing full-bore downhole fracturing sleeves are generally used in field operations. Patent application number 201911199363.1 discloses a countable full-bore downhole fracturing sleeve with an internal counting mechanism. This counting mechanism generates a fixed displacement each time it passes a boss of an actuator assembly. The total displacement is preset on the surface based on the number of bosses the switch assembly must pass before reaching the target fracturing layer. When the switch assembly passes the boss preceding the target fracturing layer, it triggers a locking mechanism and a sealing mechanism. After the counting mechanism completes the total displacement calculation, the locking and sealing mechanisms are completed, and the switch assembly enters the target fracturing layer, further opening the fracturing channel of the actuator assembly in the target fracturing layer. The fracturing sleeve can be opened by equipping it with a single switching mechanism.

[0098] Patent application number 201911338413.X discloses a fracturing construction process utilizing an infinitely graded full-bore fracturing sliding sleeve assembly system. This system includes multiple sub-fracturing sliding sleeves connected in series via pipelines, each corresponding to a specific opening mechanism. Each sub-fracturing sliding sleeve includes an upper connector, a lower connector, an inner sleeve, a shear connector, and a positioning groove. The positioning groove is formed on the inner circumferential wall of the upper connector and has a predetermined length along the vertical direction. The length of the positioning groove of the upper sub-fracturing sliding sleeve is less than the length of the lower one in any two adjacent sub-fracturing sliding sleeves. The length of the positioning elastic element of each opening mechanism corresponds to the length of the positioning groove of a unique sub-fracturing sliding sleeve. This system allows the entire tubing string to be in full-bore condition without drilling after all fracturing stages are completed, facilitating subsequent production management. The multi-stage sliding sleeves can be connected in series in an infinite number of stages.

[0099] To achieve full-bore functionality and unlimited sliding sleeves, the aforementioned patents employ counters and customized positioning grooves, respectively. Opening the sliding sleeves requires throwing balls or darts, both of which carry a certain probability of malfunction. When multiple sliding sleeves are connected in series on the same casing, the overall reliability of the fracturing string significantly decreases, leading to some downhole accidents. For example, when sliding sleeves are installed in sections that are difficult to fracture or initiate, the soluble ball or dart, which should open the distal sliding sleeve, may malfunction and capture the soluble ball or dart, causing the sliding sleeve to open and affecting the fracturing operation.

[0100] To address the aforementioned problems, the inventors conducted further research and development, resulting in this application, which provides a sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve assembly, and a construction process. Detailed explanations are provided below through specific embodiments.

[0101] Example 1

[0102] This embodiment provides a sliding sleeve, see reference. Figure 1 The sliding sleeve includes an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, a central cylinder 3, a wireless temperature control mechanism 4, and a temperature control conduction mechanism. First through holes 7 of corresponding size and position are provided on the peripheral walls of both the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 1. An annular space 9 is formed between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 1. The central cylinder 3 is slidably disposed in the annular space 9 between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 1. A second through hole 8 is provided on the peripheral wall of the central cylinder 3 corresponding to the position of the first through hole 7. The second through hole 8 has the same size as the first through hole 7. When the central cylinder 3 is in the closed position, the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are offset; when the central cylinder 3 is in the open position, the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are aligned. Temperature control conduction mechanisms are provided above and below the annular space 9. These mechanisms are used to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 from the annular space 9 when the temperature is below a preset temperature, and to connect the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 to the annular space 9 when the preset temperature is reached and a preset wellbore pressure is applied. The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 is connected to the temperature control conduction mechanism. The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 can receive wireless signals and control the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism according to the wireless signals.

[0103] See Figure 1 For ease of explanation, the temperature control conduction mechanism located above the annulus is the first temperature control conduction mechanism 5, and the temperature control conduction mechanism located below the annulus is the second temperature control conduction mechanism 6. Before the sliding sleeve is lowered into the wellbore, the initial position of the central cylinder 3 is in the closed position, that is, the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are offset, and the sliding sleeve is in the closed state. One or more sliding sleeves are connected to the tubing string in the prior art and lowered into the wellbore. When the sliding sleeve needs to be opened, a wireless signal is sent from the ground. This wireless signal carries specific sliding sleeve opening information, including the number of the sliding sleeve to be opened and the quantity to be opened. The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 of the corresponding sliding sleeve receives the wireless signal and heats the first temperature control valve 5 inside the sliding sleeve until the temperature of the first temperature control valve 5 reaches the preset temperature. The ground fracturing truck pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2. When the pressure rises to the preset wellbore pressure, the first temperature control valve 5 connects the inner cavity of the corresponding inner cylinder 2 and the annulus 9, and transmits the preset wellbore pressure to the central cylinder 3. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder 3 moves vertically downward until the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are aligned. At this time, the central cylinder 3 is in the open position, the sliding sleeve is in the open state, and normal fracturing pumping operations can be started subsequently.

[0104] Similarly, when the sliding sleeve needs to be closed, the process is similar to the opening process described above. A wireless signal is sent from the ground, carrying specific sliding sleeve closing information, including the number of the sliding sleeve to be closed and the quantity to be closed. The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 of the corresponding sliding sleeve receives the wireless signal and heats the second temperature control conduction mechanism 6 inside the sliding sleeve until the temperature of the corresponding second temperature control conduction mechanism 6 reaches the preset temperature. The ground fracturing truck pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2. When the pressure rises to the preset wellbore pressure, the corresponding second temperature control conduction mechanism 6 connects the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 and the annulus 9, and transmits the preset wellbore pressure to the central cylinder 3. The central cylinder 3 moves vertically upward until the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are misaligned. At this time, the central cylinder 3 is in the closed position, and the corresponding sliding sleeve is in the closed state.

[0105] In this embodiment, the opening of the sliding sleeve is achieved by transmitting a wireless signal, avoiding the ball-throwing or dart-throwing method used in existing technologies. This avoids malfunctions caused by ball-throwing or dart-throwing. Even if multiple sliding sleeves are connected in series on the tubing string, when a specific sliding sleeve on the tubing string needs to be opened, the wireless signal can accurately transmit the specific sliding sleeve opening information to the designated location. This method is highly accurate, reliable, and can effectively prevent downhole accidents, resulting in low operational risks.

[0106] The inventors discovered that the invention patent with application number 201710536010.0 discloses a fracturing sleeve and a fracturing tubing string containing the same. The fracturing sleeve includes a cylindrical outer shell with a circulation hole that communicates with the inside and outside of the outer shell wall; an inner sleeve disposed in the inner cavity of the outer shell for sealing the circulation hole; a ball seat disposed in the inner cavity of the inner sleeve; and a ball for cooperating with the ball seat. After the ball is deployed and combines with the ball seat, the pump pressurizes the fluid, and under the action of hydraulic pressure, the ball seat and the inner sleeve move down together to expose the circulation hole. The ball seat contacts the completion fluid and undergoes a chemical reaction. This fracturing sleeve can conveniently achieve the full diameter of the fracturing tubing string. This invention can also achieve full-bore functionality, but the ball seat must withstand the erosion of high-velocity proppant-carrying fluid during fracturing operations. The ball seat is made of soluble alloy material, and its surface needs to be reinforced with hard alloy or ceramic film to protect the structural integrity of the ball seat substrate during fracturing pumping. After fracturing operations are completed, it must also be able to gradually degrade in the wellbore fluid environment. This requires the soluble ball seat to have both solubility and erosion resistance. If the soluble ball seat has already started to dissolve before fracturing operations, it will be unable to capture soluble balls or darts, and the sliding sleeve cannot be opened, resulting in the failure of fracturing operations in the corresponding section, insufficient reliability, and high operational risk.

[0107] In this embodiment, the opening and closing of the sliding sleeve can be accurately controlled by temperature, effectively avoiding the problem of the sliding sleeve failing to open due to uncontrollable factors, thus preventing fracturing operation failure. This embodiment is more reliable than existing technologies and can ensure the smooth progress of subsequent fracturing operations. Moreover, soluble balls generally require a long time to completely dissolve, and only after the soluble balls are completely dissolved can the wellbore be fully vented. However, the sliding sleeve in this embodiment can ensure that the wellbore remains fully vented throughout the entire operation, thereby improving operational efficiency and reducing operational risks.

[0108] The process of using the sliding sleeve in this embodiment is basically the same as the existing casing sliding sleeve segmented fracturing and well completion process, which is easy to be accepted and promoted in the field. Moreover, the sliding sleeve in this embodiment can be used in various unconventional, difficult-to-operate low-permeability oil and gas wells for volumetric stimulation, fracture-controlled fracturing, and shaped charge fracturing, including fracturing and acid fracturing of tight oil, tight gas, shale oil, shale gas, and coalbed methane wells, and has strong applicability.

[0109] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 To avoid the sliding sleeve being too long and inconvenient for inspection and maintenance, the sliding sleeve consists of two parts, an upper part for accommodating the wireless temperature control mechanism 4 and a lower part for accommodating the central cylinder 3. The upper and lower parts can be separated by an intermediate joint 12 to prevent liquid from leaking into the wireless temperature control mechanism 4 during use and affecting its operation.

[0110] Specifically, the inner cylinder 2 includes a control mechanism inner cylinder 201 and an actuator inner cylinder 202, and the outer cylinder 1 includes a control mechanism outer cylinder 101 and an actuator outer cylinder 102. The upper part of the sliding sleeve is provided with the control mechanism outer cylinder 101 and the control mechanism inner cylinder 201 to accommodate the wireless temperature control mechanism 4. The lower part of the sliding sleeve is provided with the actuator outer cylinder 102 and the actuator inner cylinder 202, forming an annular space 9 between the actuator outer cylinder 102 and the actuator inner cylinder 202, and the central cylinder 3 is slidably disposed within this annular space 9.

[0111] The sliding sleeve is equipped with connectors, including an upper connector 11, an intermediate connector 12, and a lower connector 13. The inner cylinder 201 and outer cylinder 101 of the control mechanism are connected to each other via the intermediate connector 12. The intermediate connector 12 can isolate the upper and lower parts of the sliding sleeve, thus isolating the wireless temperature control mechanism 4 and the central cylinder 3. The upper connector 11 is connected to the upper ends of the inner cylinder 201 and outer cylinder 101 of the control mechanism, and the lower connector 13 is connected to the lower ends of the outer cylinder 102 and inner cylinder 202 of the actuator. By setting the upper connector 11 and lower connector 13, multiple sliding sleeves can be connected in series to achieve an unlimited number of sliding sleeves.

[0112] In one specific embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1The outer cylinder 101 of the control mechanism, the inner cylinder 201 of the control mechanism, the central cylinder 3, the outer cylinder 102 of the actuator, and the inner cylinder 202 of the actuator are all provided with sealing grooves (not shown in the figure). The sealing grooves are filled with hydrogenated nitrile or fluororubber sealing components to ensure good sealing performance.

[0113] In one specific embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1 The temperature control conduction mechanism includes a temperature control conduction valve and a temperature control pressure transmission valve. Temperature control conduction valves are respectively provided above and below the annulus 9. The temperature control pressure transmission valve is located between the temperature control conduction valve and the central cylinder 3. Hydraulic oil is filled between the temperature control conduction valve and the temperature control pressure transmission valve, and hydraulic oil is filled between the temperature control pressure transmission valve and the central cylinder 3.

[0114] Specifically, the first temperature-controlled conduction mechanism 5 located above the annulus includes a first temperature-controlled conduction valve 501 and a first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502. The second temperature-controlled conduction mechanism 6 located below the annulus includes a second temperature-controlled conduction valve 601 and a second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602. The first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502 is located between the first temperature-controlled conduction valve 501 and the central cylinder 3, and the second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602 is located between the second temperature-controlled conduction valve 601 and the central cylinder 3. (See reference...) Figure 1 The specific positions of the temperature control conduction mechanism and the central cylinder 3 are as follows, from top to bottom: first temperature control conduction valve 501, first temperature control pressure transmission valve 502, central cylinder 3, second temperature control pressure transmission valve 602, and second temperature control conduction valve 601. A channel 18 is provided between adjacent first temperature control conduction valve 501, first temperature control pressure transmission valve 502, central cylinder 3, second temperature control pressure transmission valve 602, and second temperature control conduction valve 601, and each channel 18 is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0115] When using, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2Before the sliding sleeve is lowered into the wellbore, the central cylinder 3 is in the closed position, i.e., the sliding sleeve is in the closed state. At this time, the temperatures of the first temperature-controlled on-feed valve 501 and the second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601 are both lower than the preset temperature, which is used to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 from the annulus 9. The temperatures of the first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502 and the second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 602 are also lower than the preset temperature, which is used to block pressure transmission. After the sliding sleeve is lowered into the wellbore, when it is necessary to open the sliding sleeve, a wireless signal is sent through the ground. The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 receives the wireless signal and heats the first temperature-controlled on-feed valve 501 and the first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502 until the temperature reaches the preset temperature. The first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502 is used for pressure transmission. Since the channel 18 between the adjacent first temperature-controlled on-feed valve 501, first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502, central cylinder 3, second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 602 and second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601 is filled with hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil can be used as a medium for transmitting pressure. Next, the fracturing truck pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. The first temperature control valve 501 connects the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 with the annulus 9. The preset wellbore pressure is transmitted to the central cylinder 3 in sequence by the first temperature control valve 501 and the first temperature control pressure transmission valve 502. The central cylinder 3 moves vertically downward until it reaches the open position, that is, the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are aligned. At this time, the sliding sleeve is in the open state.

[0116] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 When the sliding sleeve needs to be closed, a wireless signal is sent from the ground. The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 receives the wireless signal and heats the second temperature control valve 601 and the second temperature control pressure valve 602 until the temperature reaches the preset temperature. The ground fracturing vehicle pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 until the pressure rises to the preset wellbore pressure. The second temperature control valve 601 connects the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 with the annulus 9. The preset wellbore pressure is transmitted to the central cylinder 3 in sequence through the second temperature control valve 601 and the second temperature control pressure valve 602. The central cylinder 3 moves vertically upward until it reaches the closed position, that is, the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are misaligned. At this time, the sliding sleeve is in the open state.

[0117] By controlling the temperature of the temperature-controlled conduction valve and the temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve, the entire pressure transmission process is realized, so as to accurately control the opening or closing of the aforementioned sliding sleeve. This enables operations such as water locating and blocking of the sliding sleeve, selective production, and switching on and off in emergency situations. The sliding sleeve's state can be precisely controlled, with high reliability, low operational risk, and the opening and closing process of the sliding sleeve is relatively rapid, which can effectively save time, improve work efficiency, and effectively improve operational timeliness.

[0118] In one specific embodiment, the first temperature-controlled on-state valve 501 and the second temperature-controlled on-state valve 601 have the same mechanism, see reference. Figure 4Taking the first temperature-controlled valve 501 as an example, the first temperature-controlled valve 501 includes a rupture disc 5011, a fastener 5012, a first fusible plug 5013, and a first heating element (not shown in the figure). Annular fasteners 5012 are respectively provided above and below the annulus 9. Each fastener 5012 has a receiving groove (not shown in the figure), and the first fusible plug 5013 is disposed within the receiving groove. The first fusible plug 5013 is made of a phase change material, which changes from a solid to a liquid state at a preset temperature (i.e., the transition temperature). When manufacturing the temperature-controlled valve, the phase change material is first heated to a liquid state, poured into the receiving groove for casting, and then cooled to a solid state to form the first fusible plug 5013.

[0119] A rupture disc 5011 is provided at one end of the fastener 5012 near the inner cylinder 2. When the temperature of the first hot melt plug 5013 is lower than the preset temperature, the first hot melt plug 5013 is solid and provides support for the rupture disc 5011. When the temperature of the first hot melt plug 5013 reaches the preset temperature, the first hot melt plug 5013 is liquid and cannot provide support for the rupture disc 5011, thus releasing its support function.

[0120] The first heating element is fitted onto the fastener 5012 and can heat the first fusible plug 5013 to a preset temperature, thereby achieving a phase transition of the first fusible plug 5013 and releasing the support on the rupture disc 5011. Here, the first heating element can be an electric heating coil as used in the prior art.

[0121] In this embodiment, the temperature-controlled on-state valve is a key component in the multi-stage fracturing process, allowing the surface to selectively control different sliding sleeves. The surface can then designate a specific sliding sleeve to open or close. The temperature-controlled on-state valve corresponding to that sleeve introduces external wellbore energy (i.e., a preset wellbore pressure) into the sleeve, enabling the designated sleeve to perform subsequent opening or closing operations. The temperature-controlled on-state valve has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and the process of introducing external wellbore energy is simple, precise, and controllable, with low operational risk.

[0122] In one specific embodiment, see [reference] Figure 4 The inner wall of the receiving groove is provided with a protrusion 5014, which can have Figure 4 The tooth-shaped part described herein, after the liquid first hot melt plug 5013 is poured into the receiving tank, the liquid first hot melt plug 5013 cools to form a solid first hot melt plug 5013. The protrusion 5014 is nested in the solid first hot melt plug 5013, and the protrusion 5014 and the solid first hot melt plug 5013 form an integral whole. When the solid first hot melt plug 5013 supports the rupture disc 5011, the protrusion 5014 can fix the solid first hot melt plug 5013, which is beneficial to improve the supporting force of the solid first hot melt plug 5013 on the rupture disc 5011.

[0123] In one specific embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1 High-temperature resistant sealing grease 10 is filled at the first through hole 7 and the fracture plate 5011 to prevent solid particles in the completion fluid and cementing slurry from being squeezed into the interior of the sliding sleeve after the sliding sleeve is lowered into the well, thereby preventing the failure of internal mechanisms and modules and ensuring that the sliding sleeve can work normally.

[0124] In one specific embodiment, connectors are connected above and below the annulus 9, specifically, an intermediate connector 12 and a lower connector 13. To facilitate replacement or maintenance of the temperature-controlled valve, the temperature-controlled valve is respectively installed within the intermediate connector 12 and the lower connector 13. Fastener mounting holes (not shown in the figure) are provided in both the intermediate connector 12 and the lower connector 13, and fasteners 5012 are sealed and connected to the corresponding fastener mounting holes. The sealing connection can adopt the existing threaded connection method, with a threaded structure on the outer surface of the fastener 5012 and a threaded hole in the corresponding fastener mounting hole. During installation, the fastener 5012 is simply screwed into the corresponding threaded hole, ensuring a secure installation and allowing the fastener 5012 to withstand axial loads, preventing damage to the fastener 5012 due to accidental impact. A sealing element can be provided on the outer surface of the fastener 5012 to ensure the sealing between the fastener 5012 and the fastener mounting hole, preventing high-pressure fluid in the wellbore from seeping into the sliding sleeve through the gap between the fastener 5012 and the fastener mounting hole. After the rupture disc 5011 ruptures, the temperature control valve fails. Simply remove the corresponding connector and replace it with a new rupture disc 5011. There is no need to replace the entire sliding sleeve, thus realizing the recycling of the temperature control valve and the sliding sleeve, saving costs and being environmentally friendly.

[0125] In one specific embodiment, the temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve can be installed inside the actuator inner cylinder 202. For ease of inspection and maintenance, the temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve can also be installed at a corresponding connector position. In this embodiment, refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 Examples are given, namely, the first temperature control pressure transmission valve 502 is installed in the inner cylinder 202 of the actuator and the second temperature control pressure transmission valve 602 is installed in the lower connector 13.

[0126] In this embodiment, the first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502 and the second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602 have the same structure. The first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502 will be used as an example for explanation. (See attached document for details.) Figure 5The first temperature-controlled pressure valve includes a first insulating outer cylinder 5021 and a second heating element 5022, a first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023, a second hot melt plug 5024, and two first pistons 5025 disposed within the first insulating outer cylinder 5021. A receiving cavity is provided in the lower connector 13 or the inner cylinder 202 of the actuator. The first heat transfer outer cylinder 1 and the first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023 are fixed within their respective receiving cavities. The first heat transfer outer cylinder 1 is sleeved on the outside of the first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023, and the second heating element 5022 is disposed between the first heat transfer outer cylinder 1 and the first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023, i.e., outside the first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023, for heating the second hot melt plug 5024 to a preset temperature. Here, the second heating element 5022 can be an electric heating coil as used in the prior art.

[0127] Two first pistons 5025 and a second fusible plug 5024 are housed within corresponding first insulating inner cylinders 2. The first pistons 5025 are respectively positioned at both ends of the corresponding second fusible plugs 5024. The second fusible plugs 5024 are made of phase change material, which changes from a solid to a liquid state at a preset temperature (i.e., the transition temperature). When the temperature of the second fusible plug 5024 is lower than the preset temperature, it can confine the two first pistons 5025 within the first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023. When the second heating element 5022 is activated and heats the second fusible plug 5024 to the preset temperature, the second fusible plug 5024 changes from a solid to a flowable liquid state. The second fusible plug 5024 releases its confinement of the first pistons 5025, allowing the first pistons 5025 to move along the corresponding first heat transfer inner cylinder 5023 under the action of a preset wellbore pressure, thereby achieving pressure transmission. That is, the preset wellbore pressure is transmitted to the central cylinder 3, which in turn pushes the central cylinder 3 to move under the action of the preset wellbore pressure. Pressure transmission or interruption is achieved by controlling the temperature of the second fusible plug 5024. This process is precise and controllable, requiring only temperature control and is unaffected by other factors within the wellbore, resulting in low operational risk, a simple structure, and low manufacturing cost. Furthermore, when the second heating element 5022 stops heating and the temperature of the second fusible plug 5024 naturally drops below the preset temperature, the second fusible plug 5024 changes from a liquid to a solid state, interrupting pressure transmission on both sides of the first piston 5025. The temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve returns to its unused state, enabling its recycling and cost savings.

[0128] In one specific embodiment, see [reference] Figures 1-3 The sliding sleeve also includes a temperature-controlled reflux valve. A temperature-controlled reflux valve is provided at the joint. Fluid channels 16 are provided on both the joint and the inner cylinder 2. The fluid channels 16 connect the corresponding temperature-controlled reflux valve and the central cylinder 3, and are filled with hydraulic oil. Two temperature-controlled reflux valves can be provided in the sliding sleeve, namely the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 and the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15.

[0129] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 The first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 is located at the lower connector 13. The first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14, the first temperature-controlled open valve 501, and the first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502 work together to open the sliding sleeve. When the central cylinder 3 is in the initial position, the temperatures of the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 and the first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502 are lower than the preset temperature, which can block pressure transmission. The temperature of the first temperature-controlled open valve 501 is also lower than the preset temperature, thus sealing the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 and the annular space 9. When the sliding sleeve needs to be opened, the first heating element 5022, the second heating element 5022, and the third heating element 1402 are used to heat the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14, the first temperature-controlled conduction valve 501, and the first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502 to a preset temperature. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the rupture disc 5011 of the first temperature-controlled conduction valve 501 ruptures, and the preset wellbore pressure enters through the first temperature-controlled conduction valve 501 and is gradually transmitted to the center cylinder 3 by the first temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 502. The center cylinder 3 moves downward. Since the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 is provided below the center cylinder 3 for pressure transmission, the center cylinder 3 can continue to move downward until the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are aligned.

[0130] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15 is located at the intermediate joint 12. The second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15, the second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601, and the second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602 work together to close the sliding sleeve. The temperatures of the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15 and the second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602 are lower than the preset temperature, which can block pressure transmission. The temperature of the second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601 is lower than the preset temperature, so as to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 and the annular space 9. When the sliding sleeve needs to be closed, the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15, the second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601, and the second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602 are heated to a preset temperature. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the rupture disc 5011 of the second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601 ruptures, and the preset wellbore pressure enters through the second temperature-controlled on-feed valve 601 and is gradually transmitted to the central cylinder 3 by the second temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve 602. The central cylinder 3 moves upward. Since the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15 is provided above the central cylinder 3 for pressure transmission, the central cylinder 3 can continue to move upward until the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are misaligned.

[0131] In one specific embodiment, the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 and the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15 have the same structure and operating mechanism. The first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 will be used as an example for explanation. (See attached document.) Figure 6 The first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 includes a second insulating outer cylinder 1401 and a third heating element 1402, a second heat transfer inner cylinder 1403, a third hot melt plug 1404, and two second pistons 1405 disposed within the second insulating outer cylinder 1401. The two ends of the third hot melt plug 1404 are respectively confined within the second heat transfer inner cylinder 1403 by the second pistons 1405. (See reference...) Figure 2 The second piston 1405, located near the fluid channel 16, is connected to the fluid channel 16. The third heating element 1402 is sleeved outside the second heat transfer inner cylinder 1403 and is used to heat the third hot plug 1404 to a preset temperature. The third hot plug 1404 is made of a phase change material, which changes from a solid to a liquid state at the preset temperature (i.e., the transition temperature). When the temperature of the third hot plug 1404 is lower than the preset temperature, the third hot plug 1404 confines the two second pistons 1405 within the second heat transfer inner cylinder 1403. When the temperature of the third hot plug 1404 reaches the preset temperature, it releases the confinement of the second pistons 1405. At this time, the two second pistons 1405 can move along the second heat transfer inner cylinder 1403 under the action of a preset wellbore pressure to achieve pressure transmission.

[0132] Taking the opening of the central cylinder 3 as an example, the first temperature control reflux valve 14 has the following two main functions: First, if the first temperature control reflux valve 14 is not set, the displacement of the central cylinder 3 is actually the displacement of the first piston 5025 of the first temperature control pressure valve 502. Therefore, the length of the first temperature control pressure valve 502 should be as long as possible so that the first piston 5025 has sufficient displacement to ensure that the central cylinder 3 moves down to the correct position. This would inevitably increase the length of the inner cylinder 202 of the actuator, increasing the cost. However, by setting the first temperature control reflux valve 14, the displacement of the central cylinder 3 is actually the sum of the displacement of the first piston 5025 of the first temperature control pressure valve 502 and the displacement of the second piston 1405 of the first temperature control reflux valve 14. That is, the first temperature control reflux valve 14 can provide part of the displacement of the central cylinder 3, which can share the burden of providing displacement by the first temperature control pressure valve 502. There is no need to increase the length of the inner cylinder 202 of the actuator, and the cost can be controlled.

[0133] Second, the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 is located below the central cylinder 3. When the temperature of the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 is heated to the preset temperature, the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14 realizes pressure transmission, which will increase the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the central cylinder 3, making it easier for the central cylinder 3 to move down.

[0134] Similarly, the second temperature control reflux valve 15 has a similar working mechanism to the first temperature control reflux valve 14. It can provide part of the displacement when the central cylinder 3 moves upward, and increase the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the central cylinder 3, so as to facilitate the upward movement of the central cylinder 3.

[0135] In this embodiment, the first fusible plug 5013, the second fusible plug 5024, and the third fusible plug 1404 are all made of phase change materials, which can be low-melting-point alloys. Low-melting-point alloys typically refer to metals and their eutectic alloys with melting points below 300°C. The lower melting point, i.e., the lower preset temperature, results in shorter heating times for the first heating element, the second heating element 5022, and the third heating element 1402. This allows the corresponding temperature-controlled on-state valve, temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and temperature-controlled reflux valve to react quickly and perform their operations, saving energy while maintaining a short reaction time. The melting point (i.e., the preset temperature) of the low-melting-point alloy should be higher than the wellbore temperature to prevent the first fusible plug 5013, the second fusible plug 5024, and the third fusible plug 1404 from opening spontaneously within the wellbore, which would affect the performance of the sliding sleeve.

[0136] In this embodiment, the low-melting-point alloy can be a bismuth-based alloy material, used as the phase change material for the first fusible plug 5013, the second fusible plug 5024, and the third fusible plug 1404. The melting point of pure bismuth is 271.3℃-271.4℃. When bismuth forms a binary or multi-element fusible alloy with other metallic elements (such as lead, tin, indium, etc.), its melting point is usually lower than that of pure bismuth. The melting point of bismuth-based alloys is not a fixed value but varies depending on the alloy composition. In this embodiment, the melting point of the bismuth-based alloy material used is 185℃±3℃, meeting the aforementioned preset temperature requirements. At room temperature, bismuth-based alloy materials are not reactive, do not easily oxidize, have poor solubility, are insoluble in water and non-oxidizing acids (such as hydrochloric acid), and possess corrosion resistance, preventing dissolution and failure within the wellbore. Furthermore, bismuth-based alloy materials have very low toxicity, which is environmentally friendly. Here, the synthesis of bismuth-based alloy materials can refer to the synthesis methods of existing technologies. Of course, other phase change materials can also be selected, as long as their minimum melting point can meet the requirement of being higher than the wellbore temperature, and the maximum melting point is based on the fact that the heating device in the existing technology can reach that value.

[0137] In other embodiments, the first hot plug 5013, the second hot plug 5024 and the third hot plug 1404 are made of different phase change materials, and the preset temperature is the phase change temperature of the corresponding phase change material.

[0138] In one specific embodiment, the wireless signal includes a pressure wave pulse signal and a signal from an RFID electronic tag. See also... Figure 1 The wireless temperature control mechanism 4 includes a heating control module 401, a high-temperature resistant battery pack 402, a sliding antenna array 403, a wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 connected to the sliding antenna array 403, and a pressure wave demodulation module 405. This wireless temperature control mechanism 4 has the ability to identify pressure wave pulse signals and RFID electronic tag signals, making it more versatile.

[0139] In other embodiments, the wireless signal includes a pressure wave pulse signal or an RFID tag signal. Correspondingly, the wireless temperature control mechanism 4 includes a heating control module 401, a high-temperature resistant battery pack 402, a sliding sleeve antenna array 403, and a wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 or a pressure wave demodulation module 405 connected to the sliding sleeve antenna array 403. This wireless temperature control mechanism 4 has the ability to identify pressure wave pulse signals or RFID tag signals. Only the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 or the pressure wave demodulation module 405 needs to be installed inside the sliding sleeve, which can save costs.

[0140] In practical use, one of the pressure wave pulse signals and RFID electronic tag signals, which are more suitable for the working environment, can be selected, and the corresponding wireless temperature control mechanism 4 can be selected accordingly. In this application, in order to fully demonstrate the function and structure of the sliding sleeve, the wireless temperature control mechanism 4, which includes both a wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 and a pressure wave demodulation module 405, is used as an example for explanation.

[0141] In one specific embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1 The heating control module 401 is located in the annular space between the inner cylinder 201 of the control mechanism and the outer cylinder 102 of the actuator. The heating control module 401 can heat the aforementioned temperature-controlled on-state valve, temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and temperature-controlled reflux valve, i.e., temperature regulation control. Specifically, the heating control module 401 is connected to the first heating element, the second heating element 5022, and the third heating element 1402 respectively, so as to control the first heating element, the second heating element 5022, and the third heating element 1402 to heat the first hot melt plug 5013, the second hot melt plug 5024, and the third hot melt plug 1404 to a preset temperature.

[0142] See Figure 7 A high-temperature resistant battery pack 402 is installed in the annular space between the inner cylinder 201 and the outer cylinder 101 of the control mechanism. The high-temperature resistant battery pack 402 provides power to the heating control module 401. The heating control module 401 includes a controller (MCU), a storage module, an I / O interface, a circuit protection module, a heating drive and temperature regulation module, and a system clock. The heating control module 401 is connected to the high-temperature resistant battery pack 402, the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404, and the pressure wave demodulation module 405, respectively. The heating module is also connected to the first heating element, the second heating element 5022, and the third heating element 1402 (in... Figure 7 (Generally referred to as electric heating coil) connection.

[0143] In use, the heating control module 401 receives instructions from the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 or the pressure wave demodulation module 405. Based on these instructions, it controls the corresponding first heating element, second heating element 5022, and third heating element 1402 to perform corresponding operations. For example, if the instruction received by the heating control module 401 is "open the sliding sleeve," it controls the first heating element of the first temperature-controlled on-state valve 501 and the second heating element 5022 of the first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502 to heat to the preset temperature. If the instruction received by the heating control module 401 is "close the sliding sleeve," it controls the first heating element of the second temperature-controlled on-state valve 601 and the second heating element 5022 of the second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502 to heat to the preset temperature.

[0144] In one specific embodiment, the temperature-controlled on-state valve, the temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and the temperature-controlled reflux valve (collectively referred to as the heat-fusion mechanism) all include a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), see reference. Figure 7 The temperature sensor is connected to the heating control module 401. During the heating process of the temperature-controlled on-state valve, temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and temperature-controlled reflux valve, the corresponding temperature sensor continuously collects temperature data and feeds it back to the heating control module 401. The heating control module 401 adjusts the heating process of the temperature-controlled on-state valve, temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and temperature-controlled reflux valve according to the temperature data to prevent abnormal operating conditions caused by excessively low or high temperatures. By reasonably adjusting the above heating process, it is also beneficial to improve the energy efficiency of the high-temperature resistant battery pack 402 and extend its working life.

[0145] In one specific embodiment, the sliding antenna array 403 is disposed inside the inner cylinder 2, see reference. Figure 1Specifically, it can be installed inside the inner cylinder 201 of the control mechanism. The sliding antenna array 403 includes a cylindrical antenna (not shown in the figure) and a protective layer (not shown in the figure) disposed outside the antenna. This protective layer can be cast or molded from a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant polymer insulating material, which can effectively protect the normal operation of the antenna. Here, the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant polymer insulating material can be polyetheretherketone (PEEK), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), perfluoroethylene propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysilazane, modified polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene oxide (PPOB), polyphenylene ether (PPO), or liquid crystal polymer (LCP) as used in the prior art. The sliding antenna array 403 can receive pressure wave pulse signals or signals from RFID electronic tags and send the signals to the corresponding pressure wave demodulation module 405 or wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404. The pressure wave demodulation module 405 or the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 are respectively connected to the heating control module 401. After recognizing the pressure wave pulse signal or the signal of the RFID electronic tag, the heating control module 401 sends a command to the heating control module 401. According to the command, the heating control module 401 controls the temperature of the temperature control on-board valve, the temperature control pressure transmission valve and the temperature control reflux valve.

[0146] It is worth noting that when using RFID tags as wireless signals in practice, the RFID tags are deployed from the ground, and the radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 identifies the RFID tags and extracts the opening or closing information of the sliding sleeves. The RFID tags are programmable. For situations where multiple sliding sleeves are connected in series on a pipe column, the RFID tag can be "one-to-one," meaning the RFID tag contains only the opening or closing information of a single sliding sleeve, and only that single sliding sleeve is opened or closed. It can also be "one-to-many," meaning one RFID tag is deployed containing the opening or closing information of multiple sliding sleeves, allowing for the opening or closing of multiple sliding sleeves. This makes it more flexible and practical.

[0147] The inventors discovered that existing sliding sleeve tools are generally designed for reservoir stimulation processes. After the sliding sleeve is opened, fracturing operations are carried out. Once the oil and gas well is put into production, it is directly converted to a production sliding sleeve. It cannot effectively monitor the production dynamics of oil and gas wells. At most, it only has a shut-off function, which cannot meet the requirements of long-term management of horizontal well production.

[0148] In one specific embodiment, the sliding sleeve also includes a sensor assembly 17 connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism 4. This sensor assembly 17 may include at least one of the prior art temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and flow sensors. The temperature, pressure, and flow sensors can respectively collect temperature, pressure, and flow rate data for corresponding sections to obtain dynamic production information, including water, sand, and scaling conditions, wellbore integrity, etc., providing important data for downhole tool operation, wellbore management, and production schedule planning for oil and gas production plants. This can be considered for both fracturing and subsequent production management. Furthermore, the sensor assemblies 17 within each level of the sliding sleeve operate independently, effectively monitoring the area inside and near the wellbore of the horizontal well to ensure the stability and safety of this area.

[0149] The sliding sleeve of this embodiment can meet the production needs of various unconventional oil and gas reservoir volume transformation and fracture-controlled fracturing, and has the following advantages: (1) Compact structure: It eliminates the complex electro-hydraulic control and actuator mechanism, the overall size of the tool is smaller, the structure is simpler, and the reliability is higher; (2) High operating efficiency: The components contained in the sliding sleeve are all pre-designed. The sliding sleeve is connected to the casing in the existing technology. After cementing, all the sliding sleeves are in place. After the fracturing and flowback process is completed, it can be transferred to production. It eliminates the complex construction procedures such as drilling and grinding bridge plugs and well cleaning in the traditional bridge plug perforation fracturing process. It only needs to emit pressure wave pulse signals or put in RFID electronic tags to realize remote control, eliminating the need for the existing technology. (3) It takes into account both fracturing and post-production management: production dynamic information of each layer can be collected by means of ground pumping cable and instruments, including water, sand and scale conditions, wellbore integrity, etc., which provides important basis for downhole tool operation, wellbore management, and production system preparation of oil and gas plants; (4) Low operation risk: Compared with the bridge plug fracturing process in the existing technology, the sliding sleeve in this embodiment can still work normally under the condition of sleeve damage and sleeve deformation, and the full diameter is before and after construction. The risk of running the tool string into the wellbore is low, and the wireless transmission control method is not affected by the wellbore integrity, which effectively improves the adaptability of the sliding sleeve tool in complex well conditions.

[0150] The sliding sleeve in this embodiment overcomes the shortcomings of traditional sliding sleeve segmented fracturing tubing, such as high operating costs, difficult operation of sliding sleeve switching, excessive construction pressure, and failure to meet wellbore operation requirements after production. It has the advantages of high efficiency in fracturing and well completion operations and meeting the wellbore treatment requirements of horizontal wells. It can meet the needs of oil and gas wells in various unconventional areas for increased production, continuous and stable production, and low-cost and efficient development, and has a very good market prospect.

[0151] For example, the sliding sleeve has a specification of 5.5 inches. The upper part of the sliding sleeve is the control mechanism, and the lower part of the sliding sleeve is the switch actuator. The control mechanism includes an upper connector 11, an outer cylinder 101, an inner cylinder 201, a high-temperature resistant battery pack 402, a heating control module 401, a sliding sleeve antenna array 403, a wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404, a pressure wave demodulation module 405, and a sensor assembly 17. The high-temperature resistant battery pack 402 operates at a temperature of 120°C.

[0152] The switch actuator includes an intermediate joint 12, an outer cylinder 102, a central cylinder 3, a high-temperature resistant sealing grease 10, an inner cylinder 202, a lower joint 13, a first temperature-controlled on-state valve 501, a first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502, a second temperature-controlled on-state valve 601, a second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 602, a first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14, and a second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15.

[0153] The first temperature-controlled on-state valve 501, the first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502, the second temperature-controlled on-state valve 601, the second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 602, the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14, and the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15 all use bismuth-based alloy materials for their fusible plugs. The melting point of this bismuth-based alloy material is 185℃±3℃. Each of the first temperature-controlled on-state valve 501, the first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 502, the second temperature-controlled on-state valve 601, the second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve 602, the first temperature-controlled reflux valve 14, and the second temperature-controlled reflux valve 15 includes an electric heating coil for heating the corresponding fusible plug.

[0154] RFID electronic radio frequency tags are used to open and close the sliding sleeves at each level. After the oil and gas well fracturing operation is completed and production is put into operation, data can be exchanged with the data communication instrument string (described in detail below) via wireless near-field communication, with a transmission rate of 50-130Kbps.

[0155] Example 2

[0156] Based on the same inventive concept, see [reference] Figure 8 This application also provides a construction process for a sliding sleeve, using the sliding sleeve in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0157] S1. After connecting and installing each sliding sleeve into the sleeve string, lower each sliding sleeve into the preset layer.

[0158] In step S1, all sliding sleeves are in a closed state before being lowered into the well, that is, the first through hole and the second through hole are staggered. After connecting and installing each sliding sleeve into the casing string, it is lowered into the preset layer section, and cementing operation is carried out after it is in place.

[0159] S2. After cementing operation, a wireless signal is transmitted from the ground. After receiving the wireless signal, the wireless temperature control mechanism controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located above the annulus. The corresponding temperature control conduction mechanism heats up to the preset temperature and pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder slides down from the closed position to the open position, and the sliding sleeve of the preset section is opened.

[0160] In step S2, after the cementing operation is completed and meets the required standards, the high-temperature resistant sealing grease gradually softens and flows out under the influence of the wellbore fluid and temperature, exposing the first and second through holes.

[0161] Pressure wave pulse signals are transmitted from the ground or RFID electronic tags (i.e., wireless signals) are deployed. Both the pressure wave pulse signals and RFID electronic tags carry specific sliding sleeve opening information, including the sliding sleeve number and the number to be opened. As the signal passes over each sliding sleeve, the antenna array of the designated sliding sleeve will identify the RFID electronic tag or pressure wave pulse signal and send a signal to the corresponding wireless radio frequency modulation / demodulation module or pressure wave demodulation module. The wireless radio frequency modulation / demodulation module or pressure wave demodulation module then sends an opening command to the heating control module, which in turn controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism.

[0162] The first, second, and third heating elements of the corresponding first temperature-controlled on-state valve, first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and first temperature-controlled reflux valve are activated, heating the corresponding first, second, and third hot-melt plugs to a preset temperature (i.e., phase change temperature). The first hot-melt plug of the first temperature-controlled on-state valve releases its support for the fracture disc, and the surface fracturing truck pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder. When the pressure rises to the preset wellbore pressure, the fracture disc ruptures. The preset wellbore pressure is transmitted to the central cylinder sequentially by the corresponding first temperature-controlled on-state valve and first temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve. At this time, the first temperature-controlled reflux valve can also transmit pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder gradually moves down from the closed position to the open position. The first through hole and the second through hole are aligned, the sliding sleeve opens, and normal fracturing pumping operations can be carried out.

[0163] S3. After fracturing in the preset section, a wireless signal is transmitted from the ground. The wireless temperature control mechanism receives the wireless signal and controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located below the annulus. The corresponding temperature control conduction mechanism heats up to the preset temperature and pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder slides from the open position to the closed position, and the sliding sleeve of the preset section is closed.

[0164] In step S3, after the fracturing operation of the preset section is completed, the sliding sleeve of the preset section needs to be closed. A pressure wave pulse signal is emitted from the ground or an RFID electronic tag (i.e., a wireless signal) is deployed. This wireless signal contains the sliding sleeve number, the number to be closed, etc. After the wireless signal passes through the corresponding sliding sleeve to be closed, the corresponding sliding sleeve antenna array will identify the RFID electronic tag or the pressure wave pulse signal and send a signal to the corresponding wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module or pressure wave demodulation module. The wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module or pressure wave demodulation module sends a closing command to the heating control module, and the heating module controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located below the annulus.

[0165] The heating module controls the temperature of the corresponding second temperature-controlled on-state valve, second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and second temperature-controlled return valve, thereby activating the corresponding first, second, and third heating elements. This heats the corresponding first, second, and third fusible plugs to a preset temperature (i.e., phase change temperature). The first fusible plug of the second temperature-controlled on-state valve releases its support from the fracture disc. The surface fracturing truck pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder. When the pressure rises to the preset wellbore pressure, the fracture disc ruptures. The preset wellbore pressure is then transmitted to the central cylinder sequentially through the corresponding second temperature-controlled on-state valve and second temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve. At this time, the second temperature-controlled return valve can also transmit pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder gradually moves upward to the closed position, the first and second through holes are misaligned, and the sliding sleeve closes.

[0166] S4. Repeat the above process of opening and closing the sliding sleeves for different preset layers in sequence.

[0167] Example 3

[0168] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a sliding sleeve assembly for collecting downhole data. This assembly includes a data communication instrument string and the sliding sleeves described in Embodiment 1. The wireless data communication instrument string is used to exchange data with each sliding sleeve after fracturing operations are completed and the oil and gas well is put into production, by being lowered into the wellbore. This allows for the uploading of production dynamic information to the ground command center.

[0169] The sliding sleeve includes a sensor assembly 17 connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism 4. The sensor assembly 17 includes at least one of the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and flow sensor in the prior art. The temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and flow sensor can respectively collect the temperature, pressure, and flow of the corresponding layer. Based on the collected data (i.e., temperature, pressure, and flow), dynamic production information is obtained, including water production, sand production, scaling, wellbore integrity, etc. This provides important basis for downhole tool operation, wellbore management, and production schedule planning for oil and gas production plants, and can take into account both fracturing and subsequent production management.

[0170] See Figure 9The data communication instrument string includes a data duplex transmission section 23, a locator 21, and a receiving antenna (not shown) located outside the data duplex transmission section 23. Depending on the application, the data communication instrument string may also include a connector 19, a release mechanism 20, a high-temperature resistant power supply section 22, and a guide shoe 24. The locator 21 positions the sliding sleeve to transport the data communication instrument string to the desired position. The receiving antenna is connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism 4. Specifically, the wireless antenna is connected to the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 or the pressure wave demodulation module 405 for data exchange. The wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 or the pressure wave demodulation module 405 uploads the data collected by the sensor assembly 17 to the data communication instrument string.

[0171] In use, the data communication instrument string is connected by a cable and sent into the wellbore by a ground pump. The sliding sleeve is positioned by the positioner 21, and the data communication instrument string is transported to the position of each sliding sleeve. When passing through each sliding sleeve, data is exchanged through wireless transmission technology, that is, by using a wireless antenna to connect with the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module 404 or the pressure wave demodulation module 405. Data from each layer is collected and transmitted to the ground in real time by cable. The staff can obtain production dynamic information based on this data.

[0172] Example 4

[0173] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a construction process for downhole wireless data communication, employing the sliding sleeve assembly for collecting downhole data as described in Embodiment 3. (See attached document.) Figure 10 This includes the following steps:

[0174] S1. Lower the data communication instrument string into the well and position it according to the location of the sliding sleeve.

[0175] In step S1, the data communication instrument string is lowered into the well through coiled tubing or a coupling string, and with the help of a locator, the data communication instrument string reaches the position of the designated sliding sleeve.

[0176] S2, the data duplex transmission section connects to the wireless temperature control mechanism via a receiving antenna to transmit data.

[0177] In step S2, after starting and initializing the data duplex transmission short, the short is connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism via the receiving antenna for data transmission. Data collected by the wireless temperature control mechanism can be transmitted to the data duplex transmission short. The data communication instrument string can communicate with the ground via cable, transmitting data to the ground in real time. Workers can then obtain dynamic production information based on this data.

[0178] S3. The data communication instrument string is sequentially lowered into the position of the sliding sleeve set in each layer, and the process of data transmission between the data duplex transmission section and the wireless temperature control mechanism is repeated.

[0179] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A sliding sleeve, characterized in that, It includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a central cylinder, a wireless temperature control mechanism, and a temperature control conduction mechanism; Both the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder have first through holes of corresponding size and position on their peripheral walls. The central cylinder is slidably disposed in the annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; The peripheral wall of the central cylinder is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the position of the first through hole. The second through hole has the same size as the first through hole. When the central cylinder is in the closed position, the first through hole and the second through hole are offset. When the central cylinder is in the open position, the first through hole and the second through hole are aligned. The temperature control conduction mechanism is provided above and below the annulus, respectively; The wireless temperature control mechanism is connected to the temperature control conduction mechanism. The wireless temperature control mechanism can receive wireless signals and is used to control the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism according to the wireless signals. The temperature control conduction mechanism is used to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder from the annulus when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to connect the inner cavity of the inner cylinder with the annulus when the preset temperature is reached and the preset wellbore pressure is applied.

2. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control conduction mechanism includes a temperature control conduction valve and a temperature control pressure transmission valve; The temperature control valves are respectively provided above and below the annulus; The temperature-controlled pressure transmission valve is located between the temperature-controlled conduction valve and the central cylinder; Hydraulic oil is filled between the temperature-controlled on-line valve and the temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve; Hydraulic oil is filled between the temperature control pressure transmission valve and the central cylinder; The temperature-controlled valve is used to seal the inner cavity of the inner cylinder from the annulus when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to connect the inner cavity of the inner cylinder with the annulus when the temperature reaches the preset temperature and the preset wellbore pressure is applied. The temperature-controlled pressure valve is used to block pressure transmission when the temperature is below the preset temperature, and to enable pressure transmission when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

3. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature-controlled valve includes a rupture disc, fasteners, a first fusible plug, and a first heating element; The fasteners are provided above and below the annular space, respectively; The fastener is provided with a receiving groove, and the first hot melt plug is disposed in the receiving groove; The rupture disc is located at one end of the fastener near the inner cylinder; The first thermal plug is used to support the ruptured disc when the temperature is below the preset temperature, and to release the support of the ruptured disc when the temperature reaches the preset temperature. The first heating element is fitted onto the fastener and is used to heat the first hot melt plug to the preset temperature; The rupture disc is used to rupture when the first hot melt plug releases its support and under the action of the preset wellbore pressure.

4. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inner wall of the receiving groove is provided with a protrusion, which is nested inside the first hot melt plug.

5. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes connectors; The connector is connected above and below the annulus, respectively; The connector is provided with fastener mounting holes; The fastener is sealed and connected within the fastener mounting hole.

6. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature control pressure transmission valve includes a first heat-insulating outer cylinder and a second heating element, a first heat transfer inner cylinder, a second hot melt plug, and two first pistons disposed inside the first heat-insulating outer cylinder; The first piston and the second hot melt plug are disposed inside the first heat-insulating inner cylinder, and the first piston is disposed at both ends of the second hot melt plug; The second heating element is sleeved outside the first heat transfer inner cylinder and is used to heat the second hot melt plug to the preset temperature; The second hot melt plug is used to confine the two first pistons inside the first heat transfer inner cylinder when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to release the confinement of the first pistons when the temperature reaches the preset temperature. The two first pistons are used to move along the first heat transfer inner cylinder under the action of the preset wellbore pressure after the second hot melt plug is released from its limit, so as to realize pressure transmission.

7. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature-controlled reflux valve; The connector is equipped with the temperature-controlled reflux valve; Both the connector and the inner cylinder are provided with fluid channels; The fluid channel connects the corresponding temperature-controlled reflux valve and the central cylinder; The fluid channel is filled with hydraulic oil; The temperature-controlled back pressure valve is used to block pressure transmission when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to enable pressure transmission when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.

8. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The temperature control reflux valve includes a second heat-insulating outer cylinder and a third heating element, a second heat transfer inner cylinder, a third hot melt plug, and two second pistons disposed inside the second heat-insulating outer cylinder; The two ends of the third hot melt plug are respectively limited within the second heat transfer inner cylinder by the second piston; The second piston, located near the fluid channel, is in communication with the fluid channel; The third heating element is sleeved outside the second heat transfer inner cylinder and is used to heat the third hot melt plug to the preset temperature; The third hot melt plug is used to confine the two second pistons inside the second heat transfer inner cylinder when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, and to release the confinement of the second pistons when the temperature reaches the preset temperature. The two second pistons are used to release the third hot melt plug from its limit and move along the second heat transfer inner cylinder under the action of the preset wellbore pressure to achieve pressure transmission.

9. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The wireless temperature control mechanism includes a heating control module; The heating control module is connected to the first heating element, the second heating element, and the third heating element respectively, and is used to control the first heating element, the second heating element, and the third heating element to heat the first hot melt plug, the second hot melt plug, and the third hot melt plug to the preset temperature respectively.

10. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The temperature-controlled on-feed valve, the temperature-controlled pressure-transmitting valve, and the temperature-controlled reflux valve all include a temperature sensor, which is connected to the heating control module.

11. The sliding sleeve as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The wireless signal includes pressure wave pulse signal and / or RFID electronic tag signal; The wireless temperature control mechanism also includes a sliding antenna array, a wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module and / or a pressure wave demodulation module connected to the sliding antenna array; The sliding antenna array is located inside the inner cylinder and is used to receive the pressure wave pulse signal or the signal of the RFID electronic tag and send it to the pressure wave demodulation module or the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module. The pressure wave demodulation module or the wireless radio frequency modulation and demodulation module is connected to the heating control module to identify the pressure wave pulse signal or the signal of the RFID electronic tag and send a temperature control signal to the heating control module.

12. The sliding sleeve according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, It also includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism.

13. A construction process using the sliding sleeve according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After connecting and installing each of the sliding sleeves into the sleeve string, each of the sliding sleeves is then lowered into a preset layer segment. After cementing operations, a wireless signal is transmitted from the ground. The wireless temperature control mechanism receives the wireless signal and controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located above the annulus. The corresponding temperature control conduction mechanism heats up to the preset temperature and pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder slides down from the closed position to the open position, and the sliding sleeve of the preset section is opened. After fracturing is carried out in the preset section, the wireless signal is transmitted from the ground. After receiving the wireless signal, the wireless temperature control mechanism controls the temperature of the temperature control conduction mechanism located below the annulus. The corresponding temperature control conduction mechanism heats up to the preset temperature and pressurizes the inner cavity of the inner cylinder until the pressure reaches the preset wellbore pressure. Under the action of the preset wellbore pressure, the central cylinder slides from the open position to the closed position, and the sliding sleeve of the preset section is closed. The process of opening and closing the sliding sleeves described above is repeated sequentially for the sliding sleeves of different preset layers.

14. A sliding sleeve assembly for acquiring downhole data, characterized in that, Includes a data communication instrument string and the sliding sleeve as described in claims 1-12; The sliding sleeve also includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism; The data communication instrument string includes a data duplex transmission section, a locator, and a receiving antenna located outside the data duplex transmission section; The wireless temperature control mechanism is connected to the receiving antenna and is used to transmit data collected by at least one of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor to the receiving antenna; The positioner is used to position the sliding sleeve.

15. A construction process for downhole wireless data communication, characterized in that, The sliding sleeve assembly for acquiring downhole data as described in claim 14 includes the following steps: The data communication instrument string is lowered into the well and positioned according to the location of the sliding sleeve; The data duplex transmission section is connected to the wireless temperature control mechanism via a receiving antenna to transmit data; The data communication instrument string is sequentially lowered into the position of the sliding sleeve set in each layer, and the process of data transmission between the data duplex transmission section and the wireless temperature control mechanism described above is repeated.

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