Biomass-coated solid waste-based degradable material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of material preparation, in particular to a degradable material with a solid waste base wrapped by biomass and a preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing vegetable oil, agriculture and forestry solid waste powder and the like to prepare a bio-based oil body sizing material component, mixing plant starch, plant fiber and the like to prepare a bio-based powder mixture component, mixing the bio-based oil body sizing material component and the bio-based powder mixture component, puffing, extruding and crushing to obtain a thermoplastic microporous sand grain material, and mixing the thermoplastic microporous sand grain material with solid waste powder to obtain a degradable material. And parameters such as types and particle sizes of the raw materials and temperatures and rotating speeds of related operations are also limited. The technical effects that the degradable material with the micropore structure is prepared from the biomass and the solid waste, solid waste resource utilization is achieved, and the material is biodegradable and good in environmental protection performance are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of materials preparation, and in particular to a biodegradable material and preparation method for encapsulating solid waste in biomass. Background Art

[0002] In the field of biodegradable materials, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the high importance attached to sustainable development, the research and application of biodegradable materials are becoming increasingly important. Solid waste, as a serious global challenge, has a wide range of sources and diverse types, encompassing mining waste, tailings, fuel slag, chemical production and smelting slag generated in industrial production; waste from agricultural production activities such as planting, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and sideline industries; and various types of garbage generated in daily life. These solid wastes accumulate like mountains, occupying vast amounts of precious land resources and causing serious pollution to the natural environment, including water, air, and soil, constantly threatening human health and greatly hindering sustainable socio-economic development. International agreements such as the Basel Convention and the Stockholm Convention clearly require countries worldwide to actively take effective measures to gradually reduce and eliminate solid waste production and vigorously promote the green and comprehensive recycling of solid waste. Therefore, developing efficient solid waste treatment technologies and biodegradable materials is of extremely critical practical significance.

[0003] Traditionally, several conventional methods exist for treating solid waste. Physical treatment often employs methods such as concentration, crushing, sorting, and sedimentation to separate solid waste into substances of different compositions or particle sizes. This type of treatment is usually only used as a pretreatment technology and does not alter the chemical properties of the solid waste. Chemical treatment uses chemical methods to destroy harmful components in solid waste, promoting their transformation into harmless or stable substances; however, this method is only suitable for solid waste with a single composition. Thermal treatment uses high-temperature incineration or pyrolysis to decompose, burn, or transform organic matter in solid waste to reduce volume and harm. Biological treatment utilizes microorganisms to decompose organic matter in solid waste, thereby achieving weight reduction and harmlessness. In addition, there are other auxiliary treatment methods, but in practical applications, physical, chemical, biological, and thermal treatments are the most common and primary methods.

[0004] However, these existing technologies have significant drawbacks. Chemical and thermal treatments generate byproducts such as waste gas and residue, which can easily cause secondary environmental pollution, contradicting the principles of environmental protection and sustainable development. While biological treatment has relatively lower economic costs, it requires extremely strict screening and cultivation of microbial columns and is constrained by factors such as long treatment times and unstable efficiency, severely impacting the treatment efficiency of solid waste. Overall, traditional physical, chemical, and biochemical methods for treating solid waste generally suffer from high treatment costs, a high risk of secondary pollution, and low efficiency in the comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources, making it difficult to meet the current urgent societal demand for efficient solid waste treatment and resource recycling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a biodegradable material for encapsulating solid waste with biomass and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] A method for preparing a biodegradable material by encapsulating solid waste with biomass includes the following steps:

[0007] S01. Mix vegetable oil, agricultural and forestry solid waste powder, thickener and phytic acid, and stir under heating conditions until semi-transparent to prepare a bio-based oil-based adhesive component.

[0008] S02. After mixing plant starch, plant fiber, biodegradable resin, plant oil, fatty acid and soda water, stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a bio-based powder mixture component.

[0009] S03. After mixing the bio-based oil-based adhesive component with the second bio-based mixture, the mixture is expanded and extruded, and then crushed to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand particles.

[0010] S04. The thermoplastic microporous sand particles are mixed with solid waste powder to obtain a biodegradable material with biomass encapsulating solid waste.

[0011] Optionally, the vegetable oil includes one or more of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, vegetable glycerin or palm oil; the agricultural and forestry solid waste powder includes one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, sugar coating, mountain grass or miscellaneous wood chips with a particle size of 100 to 200 mesh; and the thickener includes one or more of agar powder, xanthan gum or lignocellulose.

[0012] Optionally, the plant starch includes one or more of corn starch, mung bean starch, sweet potato starch, or tapioca starch; the plant fiber includes one or more of bamboo fiber, rice straw fiber, sorghum stalk fiber, sugarcane fiber, or mixed wood fiber; and the biodegradable resin includes one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, or polybutylene succinate.

[0013] Optionally, the fatty acids include one or more of mono- and tri-fatty acid glycerides, tri- and tri-fatty acid glycerides, or α-linolenic acid; the soda water is a mixture of purified water and sodium bicarbonate at a mass ratio of 1000:1; and the plant acids include one or more of citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, or propylene glycol.

[0014] Optionally, the biodegradable resin includes one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, or polybutylene succinate.

[0015] Optionally, the heating temperature in step S01 is 110°C to 130°C, and the stirring speed is 20 r / min to 40 r / min.

[0016] Optionally, the puffing temperature in step S03 is 170°C to 190°C, and the rotation speed is 210 r / min.

[0017] Optionally, the particle size of the solid waste powder is less than 800 mesh, and the particle size of the thermoplastic microporous sand is 80 to 200 mesh.

[0018] The present invention also provides a biodegradable material comprising a biomass portion and a solid waste base portion, wherein the biomass portion comprises vegetable oil, agricultural and forestry solid waste powder, thickener, phytic acid, plant starch, plant fiber, biodegradable resin, fatty acid and soda water, and the solid waste base portion comprises one or more of coal gangue, fly ash or phosphogypsum, the mass ratio of the biomass portion to the solid waste base portion is 1:1, and the material has a microporous structure.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By using a physical foaming extrusion puffing method, dense micropores of bubbles are generated in the biomass material during the extrusion puffing process. These bubbles can adsorb and encapsulate the small particle size of solid waste. The material also has thermoplastic physical characteristics, which can engulf and assimilate solid waste. Then, through the metabolic transformation process of microorganisms in nature, a biodegradable material prepared by encapsulating solid waste is obtained.

[0021] 2. Through the metabolism and transformation of microorganisms, heavy metals and harmful substances in solid waste powder are degraded and transformed into harmless substances. The biodegradation process does not produce polluting byproducts and has no impact on the ecological environment.

[0022] 3. Compared with chemical and physical methods, biodegradation technology is lower in cost. In the preparation process of biomaterials, a large number of general-purpose mechanical equipment are used, and the process methods are simple and easy to operate, which is conducive to large-scale popularization and application. This lays a good foundation for the high-quality utilization of biomass materials and solid waste resources, and the formation of industrialization and marketization.

[0023] 4. Solid waste powder is mixed into natural biomass materials, and the assimilation and transformation of solid waste powder is achieved through the ability of microorganisms. The substances stored in the mixed materials are converted into energy through oxidation metabolism, and this energy is used to provide nutrients for soil and plants, promoting the acquisition of plant nutrients.

[0024] 5. The produced thermoplastic biodegradable granules replace non-degradable petroleum-based thermoplastic microporous small-particle plastics, realizing comprehensive utilization of waste resources, green recycling, and reducing the environmental problems caused by solid waste occupying a large amount of land due to stockpiling, such as air dust pollution, landslides, groundwater and soil pollution.

[0025] 6. The resulting new material resources are recyclable and can replace some of the raw materials for petroleum-based plastic sheets. They are suitable for making various types of biodegradable plastic sheets, such as compression molded flat profiles, cast sheet rolls, vacuum forming products, and box and board logistics packaging. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] This invention mainly employs a method for preparing biodegradable materials from biomass and solid waste, which effectively treats solid waste and prepares biodegradable materials, achieving the effect of resource recycling. The following is a further detailed description of this invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The method for preparing biodegradable materials by encapsulating solid waste substrates with biomass, provided in this invention embodiment, includes several steps: preparing a bio-based oil-based adhesive component, preparing a bio-based powder mixture component, preparing thermoplastic microporous sand particles, and obtaining the biodegradable material. Specifically, two bio-based components are first prepared separately, then mixed, expanded, extruded, and crushed to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand particles, which are then mixed with solid waste powder to obtain the final biodegradable material. This method effectively utilizes biomass and solid waste substrates to prepare biodegradable materials. This is because, through reasonable steps and proportions, the biomass and solid waste substrates are fully mixed and reacted, utilizing the properties of biomass to encapsulate the solid waste substrate and form a biodegradable material.

[0032] Specifically, in preparing the bio-based oil-based adhesive component, 30 parts by weight of vegetable glycerin, 4 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of rice straw powder, 0.4 parts of xanthan gum, and 0.6 parts of citric acid are added to a glue-making machine and stirred for 6 minutes at 120℃ and 100 rpm to obtain the bio-based oil-based adhesive component. The vegetable oil can be one or more of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, vegetable glycerin, or palm oil. Soybean oil is extracted from soybeans and is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, exhibiting good fluidity and stability; rapeseed oil is derived from rapeseed and contains abundant oleic acid, exhibiting good antioxidant properties. Agricultural and forestry solid waste powder includes one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, rice husks, sugar husks, mountain grass, or fine sawdust from miscellaneous woods, with a particle size of 100 to 200 mesh. This particle size ensures better mixing with other components in subsequent reactions. For example, rice straw, after being pulverized to a suitable particle size, can be uniformly dispersed in the mixing system. Thickeners include one or more of agar powder, xanthan gum, or lignocellulose. Agar powder is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed that increases the viscosity of the mixture; xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by microbial fermentation and has excellent thickening and emulsifying properties. Plant acids include one or more of citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, or propylene glycol; these plant acids can adjust the pH of the reaction system and promote the reaction. During this process, stirring is required under heating conditions. The heating temperature is 110℃ to 130℃, and the stirring speed is 20 r / min to 40 r / min, stirring until the mixture becomes translucent. This ensures that the components are fully mixed and reacted, forming a homogeneous bio-based oil-based gel composition.

[0033] Specifically, in preparing the bio-based powder mixture component, 30 parts by weight of corn starch, 3 parts of soybean flour, 10 parts of rice husk, 15 parts of PLA, 0.5 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 1 part of monoglyceride, 15 parts of soda water, and 0.5 parts of silane coupling agent are added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and a speed of 3.5 Hz / min. After stirring evenly, the bio-based powder mixture component is obtained. Plant starch includes one or more of corn starch, mung bean starch, sweet potato starch, or cassava starch. Corn starch is widely available, inexpensive, and has good film-forming properties; mung bean starch has high transparency and strong viscosity. Plant fibers include one or more of bamboo fiber, rice straw fiber, sorghum stalk fiber, sugarcane fiber, or mixed wood fiber. These plant fibers can enhance the strength and toughness of materials. Biodegradable resins include one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, or polybutylene succinate, which can be decomposed by microorganisms in the natural environment, meeting environmental protection requirements. Vegetable oils can also be one or more of epoxidized soybean oil, rice bran oil, or castor oil, serving as lubricants and plasticizers. Fatty acids include one or more of mono- and triglycerides, or α-linolenic acid, which can improve the surface properties of the material. Soda water is a mixture of purified water and sodium bicarbonate at a mass ratio of 1000:1; it can adjust the pH of the system and promote the reaction. After stirring evenly at room temperature, the bio-based powder mixture component can be prepared.

[0034] Specifically, in preparing thermoplastic microporous sand, 40 parts by weight of the bio-based oil-based binder component and 60 parts by weight of the bio-based powder mixture component are added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 8 minutes at 30°C and 4.8 Hz / min until homogeneous, resulting in a powder-binding binder mixture. Then, 100 parts by weight of the powder-binding binder mixture are added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion and expansion at 185°C and 210 rpm, extruding and expanding the material into strips. The expanded material is then crushed by the extruder's own crushing system and passed through an 80-200 mesh sieve to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand. During the expansion process, the temperature is between 170°C and 190°C, and the rotation speed is 210 rpm. Under these conditions, the mixture undergoes physical and chemical changes, forming a material with a microporous structure. After expansion, the material becomes thermoplastic. It is then crushed by crushing equipment to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand with a particle size of 80 to 200 mesh.

[0035] Specifically, to obtain the biodegradable material, 50 parts by weight of thermoplastic microporous sand and 50 parts by weight of solid waste powder are added to a horizontal mixer. The mixture is circulated and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and a rotation speed of 50 rpm, then discharged to obtain a biodegradable material prepared by encapsulating solid waste with biomass. This material is then sealed and stored. The particle size of the solid waste powder is less than 800 mesh, and the solid waste powder can be one or more of coal gangue, fly ash, or phosphogypsum. These solid waste powders, originally waste materials, are mixed with thermoplastic microporous sand and encapsulated within the biomass material, forming a biodegradable material with a solid waste base encapsulated by biomass.

[0036] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: This preparation method utilizes the characteristics of biomass to encapsulate and assimilate solid waste through reasonable steps and raw material selection. During the preparation process, physical and chemical changes occur between the components, forming a material with a microporous structure. This structure facilitates the adsorption and encapsulation of solid waste powder. Moreover, the entire process employs a bioreduction mechanism, utilizing the metabolic transformation of biomass microbial communities to degrade or transform impurities in the solid waste material. This not only reduces the pollution of solid waste to the environment but also produces biodegradable materials, achieving resource recycling. Compared with traditional solid waste treatment methods, this approach is more environmentally friendly and economical, and is conducive to large-scale promotion and application.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiments is as follows: In preparing the bio-based oil-based adhesive component, 20 parts by weight of soybean oil, 10 parts by weight of vegetable glycerin, 5 parts by weight of hardwood sawdust, 0.2 parts by weight of agar powder, and 0.8 parts by weight of tartaric acid are added to a glue-making machine and stirred for 8 minutes at 110°C and 100 rpm to obtain the bio-based oil-based adhesive component. In preparing the bio-based powder mixture component, 30 parts by weight of sweet potato starch, 3 parts by weight of mung bean starch, 5 parts by weight of rice bran, 15 parts by weight of PBS, 0.5 parts by weight of epoxidized soybean oil, 1 part by weight of monoglyceride, 15 parts by weight of soda water, and 0.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent are added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and 3.5 Hz / min. After uniform stirring, the bio-based powder mixture component is obtained. Next, 45 parts by weight of the bio-based oil-based binder component and 55 parts by weight of the bio-based powder mixture component were added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at a temperature of 33°C and a rotation speed of 4.6 r / min. After stirring evenly, a powder-binding binder mixture was obtained. Then, 100 parts by weight of the powder-binding binder mixture were added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion and expansion. The material was extruded into strips at a temperature of 185°C and a rotation speed of 210 r / min. The expanded material was then crushed by the extruder's own crushing system and passed through an 80-200 mesh sieve to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand particles. Finally, 55 parts by weight of thermoplastic microporous sand and 45 parts by weight of coal gangue were put into a horizontal mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and a speed of 50 r / min. The resulting material was a biodegradable material prepared by encapsulating solid waste with biomass and then stored after being sealed in packaging.

[0039] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: by selecting specific raw materials, the synergistic effect between the components is enhanced. The combination of soybean oil and vegetable glycerin has good fluidity and stability; hardwood sawdust is widely available and inexpensive; agar powder increases the viscosity of the mixture; and tartaric acid effectively adjusts the pH. The combination of sweet potato starch and rice bran can affect the material's properties to some extent; PBS has excellent biodegradability; and epoxidized soybean oil and mono-fatty acid glycerides can improve the material's processing and surface properties. The biodegradable material prepared in this way may have advantages in certain properties, and the selection of specific raw materials makes the production process more controllable, reduces production costs, and further improves the efficiency of resource recycling, providing another feasible solution for solid waste treatment and the preparation of biodegradable materials.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] In this embodiment, when preparing the bio-based oil-based adhesive component, 20 parts by weight of rapeseed oil, 10 parts by weight of vegetable glycerin, 5 parts by weight of wild grass, 0.5 parts by weight of lignocellulose, and 0.5 parts by weight of malic acid are added to a glue-making machine and stirred for 8 minutes at 120°C and 100 r / min to obtain the bio-based oil-based adhesive component. When preparing the bio-based powder mixture component, 30 parts by weight of cassava starch, 3 parts by weight of mung bean starch, 5 parts by weight of wheat straw, 10 parts by weight of PBAT, 1 part by weight of PLA, 0.3 parts by weight of epoxidized soybean oil, 0.2 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 15 parts by weight of soda water, and 0.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent are added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and 3.0 Hz / min. After uniform stirring, the bio-based powder mixture component is obtained. Then, 50 parts by weight of the bio-based oil-based binder component and 55 parts by weight of the bio-based powder mixture component were added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at a temperature of 33°C and a speed of 4.6 r / min. After stirring evenly, a powder-binding binder mixture was obtained. Then, 100 parts by weight of the powder-binding binder mixture were added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion and expansion. The material was extruded into strips at a temperature of 185°C and a speed of 210 r / min. The expanded material was then crushed by the crushing system of the extruder and passed through an 80-200 mesh sieve to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand particles. Finally, 60 parts by weight of thermoplastic microporous sand and 40 parts by weight of phosphogypsum were added to a horizontal mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and a speed of 50 r / min. The mixture was then discharged to obtain a biodegradable material prepared by encapsulating solid waste with biomass. The material was then sealed and stored.

[0042] The implementation principle of this embodiment is similar to that of the above embodiments. Through reasonable raw material ratios and process steps, the characteristics of biomass are utilized to encapsulate solid waste. The combination of rapeseed oil, vegetable glycerin, and other raw materials plays its respective role in forming the bio-based oil-based gel component. Cassava starch, wheat straw, and other components play corresponding roles in the bio-based powder mixture component. The various components interact during the preparation process, and through steps such as expansion and crushing, a thermoplastic microporous sand-like material with a microporous structure is formed. This material is then mixed with phosphogypsum to obtain a biodegradable material, realizing the resource utilization of solid waste and the biodegradability of the material, reducing environmental pollution, and demonstrating good economic efficiency and feasibility.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] In this embodiment, when preparing the bio-based oil-based adhesive component, 20 parts by weight of vegetable glycerin, 6 parts by weight of palm oil, 8 parts by weight of soybean oil, 2 parts by weight of wild grass, 3 parts by weight of rice husk, 0.5 parts by weight of lignocellulose, and 0.5 parts by weight of malonic acid are added to a glue-making machine and stirred for 10 minutes at 110°C and 100 rpm to obtain the bio-based oil-based adhesive component. When preparing the bio-based powder mixture component, 15 parts by weight of corn starch, 15 parts by weight of sweet potato starch, 8 parts by weight of wood chips, 15 parts by weight of PLA, 5 parts by weight of PBAT, 0.5 parts by weight of epoxidized soybean oil, 15 parts by weight of soda water, and 0.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent are added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and 3.5 Hz / min. After uniform stirring, the bio-based powder mixture component is obtained. Next, 35 parts by weight of the bio-based oil-based adhesive component and 65 parts by weight of the powder mixture were added to a low-speed / high-speed mixer and stirred for 5 minutes at 40°C and 5 Hz / min until homogeneous, resulting in a powder-adhesive mixture. Then, 100 parts by weight of the powder-adhesive mixture were added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion and expansion at 185°C and 220 rpm, extruding the material into strips. The extruded material was then crushed by the extruder's own crushing system and passed through an 80-200 mesh sieve to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand particles. Finally, 70 parts by weight of the thermoplastic microporous sand particles and 30 parts by weight of solid waste-based agricultural and forestry solid waste powder were added to a horizontal mixer and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and 50 rpm, yielding a biodegradable material prepared from biomass-encapsulated solid waste.

[0045] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: the combined use of multiple vegetable oils can integrate their properties, bringing better performance to the material. Agricultural and forestry solid waste powders such as thatch grass and rice husks, after processing, can be used as fillers to enhance the material's strength. The combination of corn starch and sweet potato starch, and the combination of PLA and PBAT, all play their respective roles in the material's formation and performance. During the preparation process, the components react and interact to form thermoplastic microporous granular material with a microporous structure. This material is then mixed with agricultural and forestry solid waste powder, realizing the reuse of solid waste and producing biodegradable materials, which conforms to the concept of resource recycling. Furthermore, this combination of raw material selection and process steps can, to a certain extent, meet different production needs and performance requirements.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] The biodegradable material provided in this invention comprises a biomass component and a solid waste base component. The biomass component includes vegetable oil, agricultural and forestry solid waste powder, thickener, phytic acid, plant starch, plant fiber, biodegradable resin, fatty acids, and soda water. The solid waste base component is one or more of coal gangue, fly ash, or phosphogypsum. The mass ratio of the biomass component to the solid waste base component is 1:1, and the material has a microporous structure. This composition and structure achieve both effective utilization of the solid waste base and ensure the material's biodegradability. The various components of the biomass component work together to form a framework encapsulating the solid waste base, and the microporous structure helps improve the material's adsorption and biodegradability.

[0048] Specifically, the plant oil in the biomass component can be one or more combinations of the aforementioned plant oils, and the properties of different plant oils can bring different performance characteristics to the material. Agricultural and forestry solid waste powders such as rice straw and wheat straw, after processing, can be used as fillers to enhance the strength of the material. Thickeners, plant acids, plant starch, plant fibers, biodegradable resins, fatty acids, and soda water all play their respective roles in the formation and performance of the material. For example, biodegradable resins ensure that the material can decompose in the natural environment, and plant fibers enhance the mechanical properties of the material.

[0049] The solid waste components, such as coal gangue, fly ash, or phosphogypsum, are originally waste materials. By mixing them with the biomass component at a 1:1 mass ratio, they are effectively encapsulated within the biomass material. Coal gangue contains certain minerals and carbonaceous components, fly ash exhibits pozzolanic activity, and phosphogypsum is a waste product from chemical production. Encapsulating these components within the biomass reduces environmental pollution and endows the material with unique properties.

[0050] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: This biodegradable material is based on a bioreduction mechanism, utilizing the metabolic transformation of biomass microbial communities to degrade or transform impurities in the solid waste substrate. The components in the biomass portion interact to form a structure with a certain strength and stability, encapsulating the solid waste substrate within. The microporous structure gives the material a larger specific surface area, which is beneficial for microbial attachment and metabolism, accelerating the material's degradation process. This material can replace some petroleum-based plastic sheet raw materials and is suitable for producing various types of biodegradable plastic sheets, realizing resource recycling, conforming to the concept of sustainable development, and having significant implications for environmental protection and resource conservation.

[0051] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a biodegradable material by encapsulating solid waste with biomass, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01. Mix vegetable oil, agricultural and forestry solid waste powder, thickener and phytic acid, and stir under heating conditions until semi-transparent to prepare a bio-based oil-based adhesive component. S02. After mixing plant starch, plant fiber, biodegradable resin, plant oil, fatty acid and soda water, stir evenly at room temperature to prepare a bio-based powder mixture component. S03. The bio-based oil-based adhesive component is mixed with the bio-based powder mixture component and then expanded and extruded, and then crushed to obtain thermoplastic microporous sand particles. S04. The thermoplastic microporous sand particles are mixed with solid waste powder to obtain the biodegradable material with biomass-encapsulated solid waste base.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetable oil includes one or more of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, vegetable glycerin, or palm oil; the agricultural and forestry solid waste powder includes one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, sugar coating, mountain grass, or mixed wood chips with a particle size of 100 to 200 mesh; and the thickener includes one or more of agar powder, xanthan gum, or lignocellulose.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant starch includes one or more of corn starch, mung bean starch, sweet potato starch, or cassava starch; the plant fiber includes one or more of bamboo fiber, rice straw fiber, sorghum stalk fiber, sugarcane fiber, or mixed wood fiber; and the biodegradable resin includes one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, or polybutylene succinate.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fatty acids include one or more of mono- and tri-fatty acid glycerides, tri- and tri-fatty acid glycerides, or α-linolenic acid; the soda water is a mixed solution of purified water and sodium bicarbonate at a mass ratio of 1000:1; and the plant acids include one or more of citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, or propylene glycol.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biodegradable resin includes one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, or polybutylene succinate.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The heating temperature in step S01 is 110°C to 130°C, and the stirring speed is 20 r / min to 40 r / min.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S03, the puffing temperature is 170℃ to 190℃, and the rotation speed is 210 r / min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the solid waste powder is less than 800 mesh, and the particle size of the thermoplastic microporous sand is 80 to 200 mesh.

9. A biodegradable material, characterized in that, The material comprises a biomass component and a solid waste base component. The biomass component includes vegetable oil, agricultural and forestry solid waste powder, thickener, phytic acid, plant starch, plant fiber, biodegradable resin, fatty acid, and soda water. The solid waste base component is one or more of coal gangue, fly ash, or phosphogypsum. The mass ratio of the biomass component to the solid waste base component is 1:1, and the material has a microporous structure.

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