Construction method of trapezoidal channel with foot fixing structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of channel construction, in particular to a construction method of a trapezoidal channel with a foot fixing structure. Comprising the steps that S1, a standard bucket is improved, and an improved bucket matched with a trapezoidal channel section is obtained; s2, the improved excavator bucket is adopted for carrying out one-time excavation forming on the section of the channel, and a forming foundation trench with a trapezoidal outline and a foot fixing foundation is formed; s3, template-free concrete original groove pouring is carried out at the foot fixing foundation of the formed foundation groove in a low-speed layered pouring and insertion vibration combined mode, and a foot fixing structure is formed; s4, after the structural strength of the fixing foot reaches the standard, the parting formwork between the fixing foot and the bottom plate is removed, a sand gravel cushion layer is laid at the channel bottom, and a concrete bottom plate is poured; and S5, concrete lining construction is conducted on the channel side slope through the set-shaped steel formwork, and overall construction of the trapezoidal channel is completed. According to the method, the formed foundation trench reaches the standard through one-time excavation, traditional formwork erecting and dismantling time is omitted, and the construction period is remarkably shortened. The method is mainly applied to channel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of channel construction technology, and more specifically, to a method for constructing a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure. Background Technology

[0002] Trapezoidal channels are core facilities in water conservancy projects. The foundation, as a crucial component connecting the channel bottom and slope, directly determines the channel's anti-sliding stability and impermeability. Current traditional construction methods have many drawbacks, making it difficult to meet the demands for efficient and high-quality construction, as follows: First, the excavation process is inefficient and inaccurate. Traditional methods use standard buckets for step-by-step excavation, but the bucket shape is poorly compatible with trapezoidal channels (including foundations), making it impossible to form a channel in one go. This requires repeated adjustments and secondary repairs, extending the construction period and easily leading to deviations in cross-sectional dimensions. Step-by-step excavation disturbs the soil, and sandy or cohesive soils are prone to slope collapse. Furthermore, the lack of real-time monitoring means that deviations exceeding the standard require rework, further reducing efficiency.

[0003] Second, the construction of the foundation support is complex and the quality is difficult to control. The traditional "formwork support + concrete pouring" process requires on-site cutting and assembly of formwork, resulting in non-standard cross-sections, high costs, low turnover, and a high risk of grout leakage and formwork failure. The rapid pouring of concrete and the reliance on experience for vibration can easily lead to honeycomb voids or over-vibration causing soil collapse. Some projects omit the foundation support treatment and pour concrete directly, resulting in the foundation support becoming loose and cracked, threatening safety. Third, the coordination between the canal bottom and the slope is poor, and the quality fluctuates greatly. The gravel cushion layer at the bottom of the canal is manually backfilled, which is prone to uneven thickness and insufficient compaction, leading to settlement and cracking of the bottom slab. The curing of the anchorage and the bottom slab is not synchronized, which can easily cause deformation of the anchorage. Ordinary formwork is used for the slope, which has poor versatility and insufficient rigidity, making it prone to bulging and displacement. Moreover, there is no standard process for the jointing of the three components, which makes it prone to leakage and frost heave, shortening its service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a pump unit health monitoring method and electronic device based on multimodal data.

[0005] A method for constructing a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure, the method comprising: S1: Improve the standard bucket to obtain an improved bucket adapted to trapezoidal channel cross-section; S2: The improved excavator bucket is used to excavate and shape the channel cross-section in one go, forming a shaped trench with a trapezoidal profile and a fixed foot foundation; S3: At the fixed foot foundation of the formed base trench, low-speed layered pouring combined with insertion vibration is used to pour the original trench without formwork to form a fixed foot structure. S4: After the strength of the fixed foot structure reaches the standard, remove the joint template between the fixed foot and the bottom plate, lay a gravel cushion layer at the bottom of the channel and pour a concrete bottom plate. S5: Use standardized steel formwork to construct concrete lining on the channel slopes to complete the overall construction of the trapezoidal channel.

[0006] The improvement of the standard bucket to obtain an improved bucket adapted to the trapezoidal channel cross-section includes: drawing a detailed drawing of the improved bucket and establishing a 3D model using 3D modeling software based on the cross-sectional design parameters of the trapezoidal channel, and verifying the matching degree between the model and the channel cross-section; selecting high-strength steel to process side cutters and fixed-foot bucket teeth components, wherein the side cutters are used to control the excavation profile and the fixed-foot bucket teeth are used to form the fixed-foot foundation; welding the side cutters and fixed-foot bucket teeth to the preset positions of the standard bucket, and then testing the dimensional deviation of the bucket and the strength of the improved parts after welding.

[0007] The testing includes measuring the outline dimensions of the improved bucket to ensure that the deviation from the channel cross-section design parameters is within the allowable range; and using mechanical testing equipment to test the welding strength of the improved parts to ensure that it is not lower than the strength of the standard bucket body.

[0008] The S2 process involves using an improved excavator bucket for one-time excavation and shaping, including: verifying the coordinates and elevation of the excavation area based on the channel construction control network, and setting excavation outline marks; operating the excavation equipment equipped with the improved excavator bucket to excavate along the excavation outline marks; and monitoring the cross-sectional dimensions and flatness of the formed trench in real time during the excavation process, and making immediate adjustments to any deviation areas.

[0009] The S3 method of low-speed layered pouring combined with immersion vibration for formworkless concrete trench pouring includes: installing joint templates at the foundation base; confirming that the soil of the trench is sandy cohesive soil and that its self-supporting capacity and shear strength meet the lateral pressure requirements for concrete pouring; controlling the concrete pouring speed and pouring the foundation base in layers according to the preset layer thickness; after each layer of concrete is poured, using an immersion vibrator to compact the concrete, avoiding contact with the trench walls during vibration; after the concrete pouring is completed, covering it with moisture-retaining material for curing within a specified time and monitoring the displacement changes of the foundation base structure.

[0010] The monitoring of displacement changes of the fixed toe structure includes setting displacement monitoring points on the fixed toe structure and the surrounding soil; using measuring instruments to periodically measure the horizontal and vertical displacements of each monitoring point, recording the displacement data and determining whether it is within the normal range.

[0011] The process of laying a gravel cushion layer and pouring a concrete base slab in S4 includes: cleaning and leveling the bottom of the channel, backfilling with gravel and compacting it with a rolling mill to form a gravel cushion layer; tying reinforcing bars to the gravel cushion layer; pouring the concrete base slab; and covering it with a moisture-retaining material for curing after the pouring is completed.

[0012] The concrete lining construction using prefabricated steel formwork in S5 includes: selecting prefabricated steel formwork with splicing structure according to the design parameters of the channel slope; fixing the prefabricated steel formwork to the channel slope in a preset sequence to ensure that the formwork is tightly spliced ​​and firmly installed; pouring slope concrete into the formwork and vibrating it to compact it; and removing the prefabricated steel formwork after curing to the required standard.

[0013] The fixed steel formwork has a hollow structure, with reinforcing ribs on the surface and connecting parts for splicing at the edges.

[0014] After S5 is completed, a quality inspection will be conducted, including the deviation of the channel cross-section dimensions, concrete strength, slope flatness, and stability of the anchor structure.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This method combines 3D modeling simulation with precise component fabrication to achieve standard excavation of the foundation trench in a single step. The toe structure utilizes formwork-free in-situ casting, while the slopes are lined with standardized steel formwork, eliminating the time required for traditional formwork erection and dismantling. The overall construction process is tightly integrated, significantly shortening the total construction period. Multiple design elements enhance the stability of the toe structure, with precise shaping of the inverted trapezoidal groove foundation during excavation. Soil properties are confirmed before formwork-free casting, and layered roughening and compaction are performed during casting. Sufficient curing time and reaching the required strength are ensured before proceeding to subsequent steps. The concrete slab at the bottom of the channel is compacted with a gravel cushion layer, and the slope concrete is moistened before lining, improving the overall impermeability and erosion resistance of the channel, preventing leakage or collapse, and extending its service life. Real-time monitoring and immediate adjustments throughout the process avoid rework costs. Layered concrete casting and precise vibration reduce material waste, achieving effective cost control. Before excavation, obstacles should be cleared, and excavation should be carried out in layers to avoid soil collapse; during the foundation pouring, a dedicated person should observe the condition of the foundation trench wall, and the soil wall should not be touched during vibration; the formwork should be removed slowly using a pry bar to avoid damage and falling; during the curing period, displacement monitoring points should be set up, and if the displacement exceeds the range, work should be stopped immediately for reinforcement to comprehensively reduce safety risks and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0018] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0019] A construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure, the method comprising: S1: Improve the standard excavator bucket to obtain an improved excavator bucket adapted to the trapezoidal channel cross-section; the standard excavator bucket is a common 20-ton excavator bucket, and the trapezoidal channel cross-section is designed as a standard trapezoid with an upper bottom width of 6 meters, a lower bottom width of 3 meters, and a depth of 2.5 meters. When improving, it is first determined that the excavator bucket must cover the entire cross-section outline of the channel and be able to accurately excavate the inverted trapezoidal groove structure for the foundation. S2: An improved excavator bucket is used to excavate and shape the channel cross-section in one go, forming a shaped trench with a trapezoidal outline and a fixed foot foundation. Before the excavation operation, weeds, gravel and other obstacles in the construction area must be cleared in advance. During the excavation process, the excavator speed is controlled at 5 meters / minute to ensure that the excavator bucket digs to a uniform depth each time, avoiding local over-excavation or under-excavation. The deviation of the trapezoidal outline of the shaped trench must be controlled within ±3 cm, and the dimensional deviation of the fixed foot foundation shall not exceed ±2 cm. S3: At the fixed foot foundation of the formed foundation trench, low-speed layered pouring combined with insertion vibration is used to pour the original trench without formwork to form the fixed foot structure; before pouring, the slump of the concrete needs to be tested to ensure that it is within 120±20 mm. Commercial concrete with a strength grade of C30 is selected. During the pouring process, a dedicated person is arranged to observe the condition of the foundation trench wall in real time to prevent the risk of collapse. S4: After the strength of the anchor structure meets the standard, remove the joint formwork between the anchor and the base slab, lay a gravel cushion layer at the bottom of the channel and pour a concrete base slab; the anchor structure strength meets the standard, which means that the standard value of the concrete cube compressive strength reaches more than 75% of the design strength. When removing the joint formwork, use a pry bar to slowly pry it to avoid damaging the edge of the anchor structure. The design thickness of the concrete base slab at the bottom of the channel is 20 cm, and the strength grade is consistent with that of the anchor structure.

[0020] S5: Use standardized steel formwork to construct concrete lining for the channel slope, completing the overall construction of the trapezoidal channel; the thickness of the concrete lining for the channel slope is 15 cm. Before lining, the surface of the slope needs to be moistened with water to ensure that the concrete is tightly bonded to the soil of the foundation trench. When pouring, proceed from the bottom of the slope to the top to avoid cold joints during construction. An improved bucket adapted to trapezoidal channel cross-sections was developed by modifying the standard bucket. This included creating a detailed drawing of the improved bucket and establishing a 3D model using 3D modeling software based on the trapezoidal channel cross-section design parameters. The excavation process was simulated using software to verify the model's compatibility with the channel cross-section, ensuring the model completely covers the channel cross-section and that the bucket's movement trajectory is uninterrupted. High-strength steel was selected to machine the side cutters and fixed-foot teeth components. The side cutters were designed with an arc-shaped structure, their length matching the side edge of the bucket, and a thickness of 15 mm. To control the excavation profile and prevent soil collapse during excavation, the foot-fixing bucket teeth are designed with pointed teeth, a tooth spacing of 20 cm, and a tooth height of 8 cm. The foot-fixing bucket teeth are used to form the inverted trapezoidal groove of the foot-fixing foundation. The side cutter and foot-fixing bucket teeth are welded to the preset position of the standard bucket. Carbon dioxide gas shielded welding is used during welding, and the welding current is controlled at 200-220A and the voltage is 24-26V. After welding, the dimensional deviation of the bucket and the strength of the improved parts are checked to ensure that the improved bucket can accurately adapt to the excavation requirements of the trapezoidal channel. The inspection includes measuring the outline dimensions of the improved bucket using a laser rangefinder to ensure that the deviation from the channel cross-section design parameters is within the allowable range; testing the welding strength of the improved parts using mechanical testing equipment, and testing the tensile strength of the welded joints through tensile testing to ensure that it is not lower than the strength of the standard bucket body; and using penetrant testing to check for defects such as cracks and porosity in the welded parts to ensure that the welding quality meets the standards. In S2, an improved excavator bucket is used for one-time excavation and shaping. This includes verifying the coordinates and elevation of the excavation area using a total station based on the channel construction control network. After confirming that the coordinates of the excavation start point, end point, and key sections are correct, lime powder is used to mark the excavation outline. The marking line is 10 cm wide and clearly indicates the excavation range. The excavator equipped with the improved bucket is operated to excavate along the excavation outline markings. The excavator's travel path is parallel to the outline markings. The width of each excavation is controlled at 2 meters, and the excavation depth is carried out in 50 cm layers to avoid soil collapse caused by excavating too deep at once. During the excavation process, the cross-sectional dimensions and flatness of the formed trench are monitored in real time using a profile gauge. For areas with deviations, manual labor and a small excavator are used for immediate correction to ensure that the trapezoidal outline of the formed trench meets the design requirements and the flatness deviation does not exceed ±3 mm / m. S3 low-speed layered pouring combined with immersion vibration for formworkless concrete trench pouring includes: installing joint formwork at the foundation; checking the verticality of the formwork with a level after installation to ensure the verticality deviation does not exceed 1‰; confirming through geotechnical tests that the soil in the trench is sandy cohesive soil and that its self-supporting capacity and shear strength meet the lateral pressure requirements for concrete pouring; controlling the concrete pouring speed; pouring the foundation in layers according to the preset layer thickness; roughening the surface of the lower layer concrete before each layer is poured, removing laitance, and moistening with water; after each layer of concrete is poured... The concrete is compacted using an immersion vibrator. During vibration, the vibrator rod is inserted 5-10 cm into the lower layer of concrete, with a vibration interval of 30 cm. The vibration time at each point is 20-30 seconds until the concrete surface shows a layer of slurry and no longer sinks. Avoid touching the soil wall of the foundation trench during vibration to prevent the soil wall from collapsing. After the concrete is poured, it is covered with moisturizing material for curing within the specified time. The curing time is no less than 14 days. During the curing period, water is sprinkled 3-4 times a day to keep the concrete surface moist. The displacement of the support structure is monitored, and any abnormal displacement is detected and dealt with in a timely manner. Monitoring the displacement changes of the anchor structure includes setting up displacement monitoring points on the anchor structure and surrounding soil; using measuring instruments to periodically measure the horizontal and vertical displacement of each monitoring point, recording the displacement data and determining whether it is within the normal range; if the displacement exceeds the allowable range, immediately stop the maintenance work, analyze the cause of the displacement and take reinforcement measures. In S4, the process of laying a gravel cushion layer and pouring a concrete base slab includes cleaning and leveling the bottom of the channel, removing loose soil, gravel and other debris, checking the flatness of the bottom of the channel with a level to ensure that the flatness deviation does not exceed ±5 mm / m, then backfilling with gravel and compacting it with a roller to form a gravel cushion layer; tying the base slab reinforcement on the gravel cushion layer, and then pouring the concrete base slab. After pouring, cover it with a moisture-retaining material for curing within 12 hours, and the curing time shall not be less than 14 days. During the curing period, the surface temperature of the concrete shall be checked regularly to prevent temperature cracks. In S5, prefabricated steel formwork is used for concrete lining construction. This includes selecting prefabricated steel formwork with splicing structure according to the design parameters of the channel slope; fixing the prefabricated steel formwork to the channel slope in a preset sequence, using steel pipe scaffolding as support during fixing, and connecting the formwork to the scaffolding with bolts to ensure tight splicing and firm installation; pouring slope concrete into the formwork and vibrating it to compact it; removing the prefabricated steel formwork after curing to the required standard, in the reverse order of installation, and slowly dismantling it with a pry bar to avoid damaging the concrete lining surface. The prefabricated steel formwork has a hollow structure, with reinforcing ribs on the surface and connecting parts for splicing at the edges. The surface of the formwork is also treated with rust prevention. The method also includes quality acceptance after S5 is completed. The acceptance content includes the deviation of channel cross-section dimensions, concrete strength, slope flatness and stability of the anchor structure. A complete acceptance record must be formed during the acceptance, including information such as test data, test instrument model, test personnel and test time. It can only be put into use after the acceptance is qualified.

[0021] The above description only illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such changes should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure, characterized in that, The method includes: S1: Improve the standard bucket to obtain a bucket that is adapted to the trapezoidal channel cross section; S2: The improved excavator bucket is used to excavate and shape the channel cross-section in one go, forming a shaped trench with a trapezoidal profile and a fixed foot foundation; S3: At the fixed foot foundation of the formed base trench, low-speed layered pouring combined with insertion vibration is used to pour the original trench without formwork to form a fixed foot structure. S4: After the strength of the fixed foot structure reaches the standard, remove the joint template between the fixed foot and the bottom plate, lay a gravel cushion layer at the bottom of the channel and pour a concrete bottom plate. S5: Use standardized steel formwork to construct concrete lining on the channel slopes to complete the overall construction of the trapezoidal channel.

2. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, based on the cross-sectional design parameters of the trapezoidal channel, a large-scale drawing of the improved bucket is drawn using 3D modeling software and a 3D model is established to verify the matching degree between the model and the channel cross-section. High-strength steel is selected to process the side cutters and the fixed-foot bucket teeth. The side cutters are used to control the excavation profile, and the fixed-foot bucket teeth are used to form the fixed-foot foundation. The side cutters and the fixed-foot bucket teeth are welded to the preset positions of the standard bucket. After welding, the dimensional deviation of the bucket and the strength of the improved parts are tested.

3. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The testing includes measuring the outline dimensions of the improved bucket to ensure that the deviation from the channel cross-section design parameters is within the allowable range; and using mechanical testing equipment to test the welding strength of the improved parts to ensure that it is not lower than the strength of the standard bucket body.

4. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, an improved excavator bucket is used for one-time excavation and shaping. This includes verifying the coordinates and elevation of the excavation area based on the channel construction control network and setting excavation outline marks; operating the excavation equipment equipped with the improved excavator bucket to excavate along the excavation outline marks; and monitoring the cross-sectional dimensions and flatness of the formed trench in real time during the excavation process and making immediate adjustments to any deviation areas.

5. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, low-speed layered pouring combined with insertion vibration is used for formwork-free concrete pouring in the original trench. This includes installing joint templates at the foundation, confirming that the soil in the formed trench is sandy cohesive soil and that its self-supporting capacity and shear strength meet the lateral pressure requirements for concrete pouring; controlling the concrete pouring speed and pouring the foundation in layers according to the preset layer thickness; after each layer of concrete is poured, using an immersion vibrator to compact the concrete, avoiding contact with the trench walls during vibration; after the concrete pouring is completed, covering it with moisture-retaining material for curing within a specified time and monitoring the displacement changes of the foundation structure.

6. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring of displacement changes of the anchor structure includes setting displacement monitoring points on the anchor structure and the surrounding soil; using measuring instruments to periodically measure the horizontal and vertical displacements of each monitoring point, recording the displacement data and determining whether it is within the normal range.

7. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, laying a gravel cushion layer and pouring a concrete base slab includes cleaning and leveling the bottom of the channel, backfilling with gravel and compacting it with a rolling mill to form a gravel cushion layer; tying reinforcing bars to the gravel cushion layer; pouring the concrete base slab; and covering it with a moisture-retaining material for curing after pouring.

8. The construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the concrete lining construction is carried out using prefabricated steel formwork, including: selecting prefabricated steel formwork with splicing structure according to the design parameters of the channel slope; fixing the prefabricated steel formwork to the channel slope in a preset sequence to ensure that the formwork is tightly spliced ​​and firmly installed; pouring slope concrete into the formwork and vibrating it to compact it; and removing the prefabricated steel formwork after curing to the required standard.

9. A construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixed steel formwork has a hollow structure, with reinforcing ribs on the surface and connecting parts for splicing at the edges.

10. A construction method for a trapezoidal channel with a fixed foot structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: After S5 is completed, a quality inspection will be conducted, including the deviation of the channel cross-section dimensions, concrete strength, slope flatness, and stability of the anchor structure.

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