Trusted inventory accounting automatic generation method and system for physical block chain
By binding intelligent nodes to physical units for status collection and hash chain generation, the problems of discrepancies between accounts and physical inventory, data fragmentation, and difficulties in auditing and accountability in traditional warehousing and logistics management are solved. This enables automated accounting generation of physical status and reliable report output, supports high-frequency inventory checks and real-time verification, and enhances the system's reliability and auditing capabilities.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510911795.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-31
AI Technical Summary
Traditional warehousing and logistics management suffers from problems such as discrepancies between physical inventory and records, fragmented data, delayed output of accounting reports, and difficulties in auditing and accountability. In particular, it lacks an automated output mechanism from physical status to standard accounting reports, making it impossible to achieve a closed loop of physical status chain recording, automatic translation of accounting reports, anomaly tracking, and auditable responsibility.
By binding smart nodes to each physical unit that needs to be monitored, status collection, hash chain generation, ledger template-driven translation, and anomaly detection are performed. Combined with a responsibility signature mechanism, the chain recording of physical status and automated accounting generation are realized, supporting real-time reliable ledger output and anomaly tracking.
It achieves physical-level autonomous accounting, enhanced credibility, automated auditing and risk control, maintains consistency between accounts and physical inventory, supports high-frequency inventory counts and real-time verification, and allows accounts and reports to be quickly integrated into enterprise systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN120875748A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary technical field of Internet of Things, edge computing and intelligent warehouse management, and in particular relates to a method and system for automatically generating inventory accounts based on state chain and event-driven mechanism, which is specifically applied to an intelligent inventory management system with physical-level state perception and trusted structured output of ledgers. Background Technology
[0002] In traditional warehousing and logistics management systems, inventory records typically rely on manual operation, periodic inventory checks, and manual data entry. Inbound and outbound information must be manually registered by operators or the system. This approach has several problems, such as: Frequent discrepancies between physical inventory and records: When the physical location or status of items changes, the system records fail to update in a timely manner, resulting in significant differences in inventory count results; Severe data fragmentation: Data formats are inconsistent and links are lacking between different systems (such as WMS, ERP, and logistics systems), making it difficult to achieve complete process tracking; Difficulties in auditing accounts and tracing responsibility: When anomalies occur, such as damage, loss, or misplacement of goods, it is impossible to trace the source from the accounting system to the specific responsible person or event. IoT applications lack a ledger generation mechanism: Although some emerging systems have introduced devices such as sensors and smart tags to collect status data, they still lack an automated output mechanism from "status events" to "standard ledgers", which cannot be directly received and utilized by existing enterprise information systems.
[0003] Currently, there is no mature solution that can achieve a closed loop of physical object-centric state chain recording, automatic translation of ledgers and reports, automatic record keeping of anomalies, and auditable responsibility. There is also no unified mechanism to process IoT data into a standard ledger and reports that can be directly used for enterprise auditing, risk control, and accounting verification.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complete chain-like automatic accounting generation solution that starts from the collection of physical status at intelligent nodes and ends with the output of standardized structured ledgers, in order to build the next generation of trusted inventory management systems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] I. Purpose of the Invention
[0006] This invention aims to solve technical challenges in traditional warehousing and logistics management, such as discrepancies between physical inventory records and actual inventory, data fragmentation, delayed output of accounting reports, and difficulties in auditing and accountability. It provides a method and system for automatically generating reliable inventory accounts using a physical blockchain. This system uses intelligent nodes to record the status of physical goods throughout their entire lifecycle in a chain, and performs event recognition, template-driven structured translation of accounting records, and anomaly tracking on a cloud platform. This provides technical support for building a new inventory accounting system with automatic bookkeeping, autonomous auditing, and traceability capabilities.
[0007] II. Technical Solution
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0009] 1. Intelligent node deployment and status acquisition
[0010] A smart node with sensing and communication capabilities is attached to each physical unit requiring monitoring (such as goods, pallets, or assets). This smart node includes: Status acquisition module (used to acquire binding status, attitude changes, coordinate position, environmental parameters, etc.); Local caching and reporting module (supports caching when the network is unavailable); Hash digest generation module (calculates an immutable digest based on state features and timestamps); Wake-up and trigger mechanism (supports trigger uploads such as vibration, unlocking, coordinate jump).
[0011] 2. State hash chain generation and event archiving mechanism
[0012] Each state data entry generates a unique hash value, and the hash of the previous state is recorded to form a chain structure, constituting the state trajectory chain of the entity. All uploaded data is processed in the cloud. Time sorting and aggregation; The physical object ID, spatial location information, and event type are automatically labeled; Abnormal feature identification (such as unbound outbound, abnormal drop, location interruption, etc.); Multi-node consensus verification (to prevent single-node failure or malicious tampering).
[0013] 3. Ledger template-driven and structured translation mechanism
[0014] The system comes pre-loaded with various accounting templates, such as: Inventory in / out details ledger; Transfer account (including multiple GPS track segments and coordinate segment switching); Debit and credit inventory ledger (supports inventory turnover analysis); Exception event log (used for risk control and auditing); Binding change record account (records the entire process of binding / unbinding / renewal).
[0015] The ledger generation rules are automatically completed based on event type, timeline, physical item binding status, and spatial location mapping logic, and support: Generated in real-time, hourly / daily / event-by-event; Output by cargo category, warehouse dimension, and responsible person dimension; Visualization and structured export (CSV, Excel, JSON); API integration with enterprise ERP, WMS and other systems.
[0016] 4. Transfer Tracking and Multi-Factor Responsibility Signature Mechanism
[0017] For scenarios involving allocation, transportation, and transfer, the system supports: GPS and virtual fence (Bluetooth / Ultra-wideband) dual positioning fusion; The transfer path generates a complete coordinate trajectory chain; Key processes such as outbound, transportation, and inbound operations support a responsible person signature mechanism (facial recognition, employee ID verification, and digital signature). Inbound and outbound actions can be embedded with image / video recordings to ensure the process is authentic and auditable.
[0018] 5. Anomaly detection and intelligent record keeping mechanism
[0019] The system can automatically identify the following anomalies and generate an alarm log: Missing binding for outbound shipment, unauthorized departure from designated area, forced removal of Hall effect lock; Exceeding temperature and humidity limits, exhibiting abnormal postures such as tilting or flipping; GPS or Bluetooth signal interruption (passing through tunnels, illegal obstruction, etc.); Records of unauthorized personnel operations are missing.
[0020] All abnormal accounting records are archived together with normal accounting statements to form a multi-dimensional and reliable ledger.
[0021] III. Beneficial Effects
[0022] This invention achieves the following significant technical effects through state chain-driven and automatic translation mechanisms: Autonomous accounting: Physical-level intelligent nodes have the ability to autonomously generate, upload, and record data in a chain, eliminating the need for human intervention; Enhanced trustworthiness: The state chain ensures immutability through hash digests, and combined with the signatures of the responsible party, enables full-process trusted traceability; Audit and risk control automation: Automatic identification of abnormal states, generation of auditable reports, and support for risk warning and accountability. Closed-loop consistency between accounts and physical inventory: Real-time generated accounting data maintains strong consistency with the physical status, supporting high-frequency inventory counts and real-time verification; High adaptability and integration: All ledgers and reports support standardized export and system API integration, enabling rapid deployment on existing enterprise information systems. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the system described in this invention, showing the data interaction path between the intelligent nodes deployed on various physical objects, the cloud-based accounting platform, and external business systems.
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent node structure, showing the main internal modules of the node, including a status perception module, a hash calculation module, a communication module, a storage module, an anti-tampering module, and a power supply unit.
[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state hash chain generation, which shows the state change process of physical goods in key stages such as outbound, transportation, inbound, allocation, and re-outbound.
[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the transfer trajectory and responsible signature, showing the entire process of goods being transferred from the starting warehouse to the target warehouse through multiple GPS tracks. Key time points are marked on the trajectory, and abnormal nodes along the way (such as abnormal temperature) are included. The two ends are marked with the signature confirmation process of the responsible persons for outbound and inbound. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; any equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0028] Example 1: End-to-end chain recording of goods and automatic generation of ledgers
[0029] An exporting company implemented full-process status monitoring for a batch of lithium battery pallets destined for Europe. It adopted smart nodes deployed on the pallets and activated the "physical blockchain ledger system" of this invention to automatically record status changes and generate inventory accounts.
[0030] 1. Status Acquisition and Chained Recording:
[0031] The intelligent node collects physical status data at each critical stage (such as loading, transportation, warehousing, and allocation) through its built-in sensor modules (including acceleration, temperature and humidity, attitude sensing, and GPS modules). The status data is generated into hash values (such as H1~H6) by the local "status summary generation module" and is accompanied by a timestamp to form a chain structure with the upper-level hash.
[0032] Serial Number Timestamp Link State Summary State hash Exception marking Remark 1 2025-06-01 09:03 Loading out of warehouse Starting position anchor: Warehouse A - Zone C - Column 4 H1 no Smart node binding enabled 2 2025-06-01 14:16 During transport Location in motion, GPS signal normal, temperature 24°C H2 no Continuous status reporting 3 2025-06-02 02:33 During transport Vibration anomaly detection (20cm drop) H3 yes Automatically reported 4 2025-06-02 08:10 Warehouse B receiving Coordinate switching: Warehouse B - Zone A - 2nd floor shelf H4 no Data entry successful, coordinates updated. 5 2025-06-08 15:22 Internal transfer Coordinates updated: Warehouse B-Zone D-5th shelf H5 no AI system verifies the rationality of the allocation. 6 2025-06-10 11:45 Loading out of warehouse Shipped to Yiwu distribution center; temperature slightly high (30°C). H6 yes Automatic alert for abnormal temperature control
[0033] When events such as displacement changes (e.g., position jumps), drops (e.g., vibrations exceeding 1g), or abnormal temperatures are detected, the node automatically wakes up and uploads data to the cloud status receiving module via the MQTT protocol.
[0034] 2. Cloud-based parsing and ledger generation:
[0035] Upon receiving the state sequence, the platform's event classification module automatically identifies the state type and constructs a state trajectory chain in chronological order.
[0036] Subsequently, the ledger translation module converts the events into structured accounting records according to the template rules, such as: H1 → Loading out of warehouse → Credit entry; H3 → Dropped during transport → Abnormal event log; H4 → Inbound → Debit entry.
[0037] 3. The following ledger is automatically generated: Inbound and Outbound Detailed Ledger (Debit / Credit Format) date Document Number summary Debit quantity Number of credits Current inventory Abnormal Notes 2025-06-01 CK20250601 Loading out of warehouse 0 1 -1 none 2025-06-02 RK20250602 Warehouse entry registration 1 0 0 Including transport drop anomalies 2025-06-08 DB20250608 Transfer operation 0 0 0 Coordinates changed to new shelf 2025-06-10 CK20250610 Out of the warehouse again 0 1 -1 High Temperature Control Alert
[0038] Example 2: Daily automatic output of status and anomaly summary reports from the warehouse for audit risk control.
[0039] After a large supply chain warehouse fully deployed smart nodes, it activated the system's "daily accounting output mechanism," generating daily status summary reports and anomaly summary reports for management auditing purposes.
[0040] 1. Data collection mechanism:
[0041] Each smart node is set to report a status snapshot of the previous period at a fixed time of 8:00 AM daily. This includes the currently bound cargo number, storage location coordinates, temperature and humidity data, attitude angle, etc.
[0042] The device side is controlled by the "timed wake-up and aggregation module" for uploading. The uploaded fields include: device ID, reporting time, abnormal flag, hash digest, binding ID, etc.
[0043] 2. Cloud-based analytics and automated report generation:
[0044] The cloud platform's status comparison and aggregation module processes daily data in batches, compares it with the previous day's status, and extracts key change fields, such as tilt angle changes exceeding 15° and Hall switch status changes.
[0045] Generate the following daily report: Status summary table (partial): date Storage location number Smart Node Number Goods number Current status Reporting time Is it abnormal? Remark 2025-07-01 A-03-01 ZW-21003 HZ-000312 Temperature 22°C, at rest 2025-07-01 08:03 no - 2025-07-01 A-04-07 ZW-21012 HZ-000354 Tilt 23° 2025-07-01 08:04 yes Suspected displacement requires manual confirmation. 2025-07-01 D-05-11 ZW-21033 HZ-000510 Hall switch trigger 2025-07-01 08:10 yes Suspected of being opened or unpacked Anomaly Summary Table:
[0046] 3. System Mechanism Description:
[0047] The status comparison module automatically identifies anomalies based on the "previous value - current value" logic; the risk control engine sets anomaly classification rules and alarm level judgment standards, and anomaly records will be automatically added to the "audit ledger".
[0048] Example 3: Cross-regional transfer full-chain tracking and accountability signature record
[0049] A central state-owned enterprise group frequently transfers assets between its warehouses in North and East China. By introducing this system, it has achieved a chain-like recording and accountability system for the entire process from "shipment → transfer and transportation → receiving and warehousing".
[0050] 1. Equipment deployment and trajectory recording:
[0051] After the goods leave the warehouse, the smart node automatically collects GPS coordinates every 15 minutes and records the virtual fence coordinates after each successful communication with the Bluetooth gateway.
[0052] Track nodes are constructed into a state chain in the format of [timestamp, GPS location, Bluetooth fence ID, status summary], and all data is stored in the "transfer path list".
[0053] 2. Operation confirmation and signature mechanism:
[0054] The inbound and outbound processes are confirmed by personnel through the company's mobile app, and the system makes the necessary calls. Face recognition interface; Enter your employee ID and password; The operation log is bound to the current state hash.
[0055] A four-tuple structure of "link-responsible person-signature-time" is formed for accountability auditing.
[0056] 3. Automatically generate transfer routes and signature tables: Responsibility Signature Record Form:
[0057] The above embodiments demonstrate the deployment and use of the system of the present invention in a real-world scenario, covering the entire chain of functions such as status acquisition, hash chain construction, event recognition, ledger generation, anomaly tracking, and signature tracing. All modules are completed automatically by the system, eliminating the need for manual intervention in ledger entry and effectively achieving reliable accounting and a closed-loop audit system.
Claims
1. A method for automatically generating trusted inventory records for physical blockchain, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1.1 Deploy intelligent nodes on each physical unit, wherein the nodes include a status acquisition module, a hash generation module, and a communication module; 1.2 The intelligent node collects the status data of the bound physical object, including at least one of the following: binding status, displacement change, attitude change, environmental parameters, positioning coordinates, etc. 1.3 The intelligent node generates a hash digest for each state data and constructs a chain-like state trajectory structure based on time order; 1.4 The intelligent node uploads its state data and corresponding hash digest to the cloud platform via the network; 1.5 The cloud platform parses and classifies the received status event data, identifies event types, and establishes an event timeline; 1.6 Based on preset ledger template rules, the cloud platform translates the events into structured accounting records and automatically generates at least one of the following inventory ledgers: Inventory in / out details ledger; Inventory loan ledger; Transfer tracking records; Abnormal event log; Account for changes in binding relationships; 1.7 The aforementioned ledgers are exported in a standard data format or can be connected to external business systems via an API interface.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ledger supports automatic refresh at set time granularities, including daily, hourly, or per event trigger level.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accounting process includes a function to compare the current status with the actual situation, and to identify and mark items that are "inconsistent between the accounting and actual situation".
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binding change record includes at least the following fields: operation time, operator, device ID, binding object identifier, change type (unbind / rebind / renewal) and change reason.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transfer trajectory ledger records the complete path from the starting warehouse coordinate segment to the target coordinate segment based on location data, including intermediate nodes, start and end times, responsible persons for the operation, and a status hash chain verification field.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The abnormal event log records include at least one of the following types: illegal outbound, forced unbinding, temperature exceeding limit, drop and tilt, location interruption, unauthorized opening, etc., and automatically generate risk level and handling suggestion fields.
7. An automatic inventory ledger generation system for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: The status data receiving module is used to receive status data and hash digests uploaded by smart nodes; The hash chain building block is used to reconstruct the chain-like state trace structure; The event classification module is used to parse status data and label event types and timing. The ledger translation module is used to generate structured accounting records based on template rules; The anomaly analysis module is used to identify and classify abnormal events; The data export and interface module is used for exporting accounting reports in standard format and connecting with external systems.
8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The status data receiving module has a buffering mechanism, which supports the batch reception and retransmission of cached data from smart nodes during network outages.