Quantum system data processing method based on optical quanta and optical quantum computer

Abstract

The application provides a quantum system data processing method and an optical quantum computer based on optical quantum. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an ordinary differential equation and attribute information of the ordinary differential equation; constructing an initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation according to a frequency spectrum number of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation; measuring the initial optical quantum circuit, and determining a target function corresponding to the initial optical quantum circuit according to a measurement result; determining loss information of the target function, and determining whether to apply the initial optical quantum circuit according to the loss information; if yes, the initial optical quantum circuit is used as a target optical quantum circuit; and performing operation on input data of a quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit. The application can greatly improve the expression ability of the optical quantum circuit, and realize high-precision solution of the ordinary differential equation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, in particular to a quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum and an optical quantum computer. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are the basic mathematical tools for describing the dynamic evolution processes of physical systems, chemical reactions, biological processes, financial models, etc. Efficient and accurate solution of ordinary differential equations is of great significance in scientific research and engineering applications.

[0003] At present, the existing technology mainly solves ordinary differential equations through numerical methods based on classical computers and schemes based on traditional quantum computing.

[0004] However, both of these two processing schemes have fundamental and irreconcilable limitations. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the problems of the prior art, and provides a quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum and an optical quantum computer to solve the limitations in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum, which comprises:

[0008] Obtaining an ordinary differential equation and attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, the attribute information at least including domain information and boundary conditions;

[0009] According to the number of frequency spectrum of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, an initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation is constructed, the initial optical quantum circuit at least including a unitary matrix and a phase shifter;

[0010] Measuring the initial optical quantum circuit, and determining a target function corresponding to the initial optical quantum circuit according to the measurement result;

[0011] Determining the loss information of the target function, and determining whether to apply the initial optical quantum circuit according to the loss information, if yes, taking the initial optical quantum circuit as a target optical quantum circuit; if not, iteratively adjusting the initial optical quantum circuit, and taking the initial optical quantum circuit at the end of iteration as the target optical quantum circuit;

[0012] The input data of the quantum system is processed based on the target optical quantum circuit.

[0013] Optionally, constructing the initial photonic quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation includes:

[0014] Based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation, the photon parameters are determined, and the photon parameters include at least: waveguide number, phase shifter number, and photon number;

[0015] The photonic quantum circuit is constructed based on the photonic quantum parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset photonic quantum circuit architecture.

[0016] Optionally, determining the photon parameters based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation includes:

[0017] Obtain preset photon number preference information;

[0018] The photon parameters are determined based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation and the photon number preference information.

[0019] Optionally, constructing the quantum circuit based on the photon parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and a preset quantum circuit architecture includes:

[0020] Based on the aforementioned photon parameters and the preset photon circuit architecture, an intermediate photon circuit is configured.

[0021] Based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, the intermediate photonic quantum circuit is configured a second time to obtain the initial photonic quantum circuit.

[0022] Optionally, the step of performing a secondary configuration on the intermediate quantum circuit based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation to obtain the initial quantum circuit includes:

[0023] Based on the defined domain information, the input variables of the intermediate optical quantum circuit are determined;

[0024] Based on the input variables, the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined, and the intermediate quantum circuit is configured according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0025] Optionally, determining the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit based on the input variables includes:

[0026] The phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined based on the input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit.

[0027] Optionally, the step of measuring the initial quantum circuit and determining the objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit based on the measurement results includes:

[0028] A photon number-resolved measurement is performed on the initial optical quantum circuit to obtain the measurement result, which is used to indicate the probability distribution of multiphoton events.

[0029] The objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit is calculated by weighted summation of the measurement results.

[0030] Optionally, determining the loss information for the objective function includes:

[0031] Based on the objective function, determine the current solution of the ordinary differential equation;

[0032] Based on the current solution, the loss information of the objective function is determined.

[0033] Optionally, determining whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information includes:

[0034] If the loss information is less than a preset loss threshold, then the initial optical quantum circuit is determined to be applied;

[0035] If the loss information is greater than a preset loss threshold, then the unitary matrix in the initial photonic quantum circuit is adjusted according to the loss information.

[0036] Secondly, another embodiment of this application provides a quantum system data processing device based on photonic quantum, the device comprising:

[0037] The acquisition module is used to acquire the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, wherein the attribute information includes at least: domain information and boundary conditions;

[0038] A construction module is used to construct an initial quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation. The initial quantum circuit includes at least a unitary matrix and a phase shifter.

[0039] The determination module is used to measure the initial optical quantum circuit and determine the target function corresponding to the initial optical quantum circuit based on the measurement results;

[0040] The determining module is further configured to determine the loss information of the objective function, and determine whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information. If so, the initial quantum circuit is used as the target quantum circuit; if not, the initial quantum circuit is iteratively adjusted, and the initial quantum circuit at the end of the iteration is used as the target quantum circuit.

[0041] The computation module is used to perform computations on the input data of the quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit.

[0042] Optionally, the construction module is specifically used for:

[0043] Based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation, the photon parameters are determined, and the photon parameters include at least: waveguide number, phase shifter number, and photon number;

[0044] The photonic quantum circuit is constructed based on the photonic quantum parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset photonic quantum circuit architecture.

[0045] Optionally, the construction module is specifically used for:

[0046] Obtain preset photon number preference information;

[0047] The photon parameters are determined based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation and the photon number preference information.

[0048] Optionally, the construction module is specifically used for:

[0049] Based on the aforementioned photon parameters and the preset photon circuit architecture, an intermediate photon circuit is configured.

[0050] Based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, the intermediate photonic quantum circuit is configured a second time to obtain the initial photonic quantum circuit.

[0051] Optionally, the construction module is specifically used for:

[0052] Based on the defined domain information, the input variables of the intermediate optical quantum circuit are determined;

[0053] Based on the input variables, the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined, and the intermediate quantum circuit is configured according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0054] Optionally, the construction module is specifically used for:

[0055] The phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined based on the input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit.

[0056] Optionally, the determining module is specifically used for:

[0057] A photon number-resolved measurement is performed on the initial optical quantum circuit to obtain the measurement result, which is used to indicate the probability distribution of multiphoton events.

[0058] The objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit is calculated by weighted summation of the measurement results.

[0059] Optionally, the determining module is specifically used for:

[0060] Based on the objective function, determine the current solution of the ordinary differential equation;

[0061] Based on the current solution, the loss information of the objective function is determined.

[0062] Optionally, the determining module is specifically used for:

[0063] If the loss information is less than a preset loss threshold, then the initial optical quantum circuit is determined to be applied;

[0064] If the loss information is greater than a preset loss threshold, then the unitary matrix in the initial photonic quantum circuit is adjusted according to the loss information.

[0065] Thirdly, another embodiment of this application provides an optical quantum computer, including: any of the target optical quantum circuits described in the first aspect.

[0066] Fourthly, another embodiment of this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a storage medium, and a bus, wherein the storage medium stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the electronic device is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium via the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of any of the methods described in the first aspect above.

[0067] Fifthly, another embodiment of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of any of the methods described in the first aspect above.

[0068] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By acquiring the ordinary differential equation and attribute information of the quantum system, constructing an initial optical quantum circuit based on the number of spectra and attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, and measuring the initial optical quantum circuit, the objective function can be determined based on the measurement results. Based on the loss information of the objective function, the target optical quantum circuit can be obtained, enabling computation on the input data of the quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit. This not only allows for the equivalent and deterministic acquisition of the target optical quantum circuit corresponding to an ordinary differential equation of arbitrary complexity, thus improving the expressive power of the optical quantum circuit, but also enables computation on the input data of the quantum system in the optical domain, reducing the energy consumption during quantum system computation. In other words, it significantly improves the expressive power of the optical quantum circuit and achieves high-precision solution of the ordinary differential equation.

[0069] Furthermore, with a photon number-resolved detector, the more photons there are, the more Fourier coefficients that can be fitted, and the richer the spectrum. This allows the present application to maximize the use of the Fourier series expression capability of photons and to accurately express the solution of ordinary differential equations through the combination of high, medium and low frequency terms.

[0070] Furthermore, the target optical quantum circuit obtained in this application has the advantages of lower quantum circuit complexity and no need for nonlinear optical devices, which can significantly improve the availability, practicality and value of quantum hardware in practical applications in the current stage of development of noisy, medium-scale quantum computing.

[0071] Furthermore, due to the photonic properties of the target quantum circuit, the obtained target quantum circuit can also be applied to any time-series task requiring high-speed real-time decision-making, such as speech recognition and financial forecasting. In addition, this application can also be applied to high-performance quantum computing clusters, such as parallel or distributed systems, and deployed in fields such as financial processing, logistics manufacturing, and artificial intelligence through methods such as quantum computing and hyper-convergence. Attached Figure Description

[0072] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the process of constructing the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment.

[0075] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart illustrating the determination of photonic quantum parameters in the photonic quantum system data processing method provided in this application embodiment;

[0076] Figure 4 A schematic flowchart illustrating the construction of an optical quantum circuit in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment;

[0077] Figure 5 A schematic flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining the initial optical quantum circuit in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment;

[0078] Figure 6A flowchart illustrating the process of determining the objective function corresponding to the initial optical quantum circuit in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment;

[0079] Figure 7 A schematic flowchart illustrating the process of determining the loss information of the objective function in the quantum system data processing method based on photonic quantum provided in this application embodiment;

[0080] Figure 8 A schematic flowchart illustrating the process of determining whether to apply an initial optical quantum circuit in a quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment;

[0081] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a quantum system data processing device based on optical quantum provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0083] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0084] Furthermore, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0085] It should be noted that the term "comprising" will be used in the embodiments of this application to indicate the presence of the features declared thereafter, but does not exclude the addition of other features.

[0086] Currently, existing technologies mainly solve ordinary differential equations using numerical methods based on classical computers and schemes based on traditional quantum computing.

[0087] However, numerical methods based on classical computers are limited by computational complexity and energy consumption, making it difficult to efficiently handle high-dimensional, rigid, and large-scale problems. Meanwhile, solutions based on traditional digital quantum computing are limited by problem mapping, data I / O bottlenecks, and stringent requirements for future hardware, making practical application difficult in the short term. Therefore, both approaches have fundamental and irreconcilable limitations.

[0088] Based on the aforementioned problems, this application proposes a quantum system data processing method based on photonic quantum mechanics. This method acquires the ordinary differential equations and attribute information of the quantum system, constructs an initial photonic quantum circuit based on the spectrum quantity and attribute information of the ordinary differential equations, and measures the initial photonic quantum circuit. Based on the measurement results, a target function can be determined, and based on the loss information of the target function, a target photonic quantum circuit is obtained. This enables computation on the input data of the quantum system based on the target photonic quantum circuit, significantly improving the expressive power of the photonic quantum circuit and achieving high-precision solutions to the ordinary differential equations.

[0089] It is understood that by executing the steps of the quantum system data processing method based on photons provided in the embodiments of this application, the expression mechanism of ordinary differential equations can be realized at the physical level, thereby integrating the low energy consumption characteristics of photonic computing and the general programmability of electronic computing to perform high-energy-efficiency computing on the input data of quantum systems.

[0090] The following describes in detail the quantum system data processing method based on photons provided in this application, with reference to several embodiments.

[0091] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a quantum system data processing method based on photonic quantum mechanics provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the subject executing this method can be any electronic device with processing capabilities, and the method includes:

[0092] S101. Obtain the ordinary differential equation and its attribute information.

[0093] It is understandable that ordinary differential equations can originate from practical problems such as quantum systems, financial scenarios, or industrial simulations. Quantum systems refer to physical systems whose behavior is described and predicted according to the laws of quantum mechanics.

[0094] For example, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) originate from interest rate forecasting and financial product pricing models in the financial field. These models can be represented using ODEs. Similarly, ODEs originate from mechanical vibration systems in robot dynamics. The response of a mass-spring-damped system within a mechanical vibration system can be represented using ODEs.

[0095] Optionally, depending on the specific needs of the application, the corresponding ordinary differential equation and its attribute information can be obtained.

[0096] The attribute information includes at least: domain information and boundary conditions.

[0097] Specifically, domain information refers to the range of values ​​of the input variable x in an ordinary differential equation. Domain information can affect the effectiveness and convergence of the Fourier expansion, and can also determine how to discretize the input variable x.

[0098] Specifically, boundary conditions are used to limit the values ​​of the solution of the equation or the behavior of its derivatives at certain points. Boundary conditions include initial conditions and boundary values.

[0099] Optionally, the attribute information may also include: the parameter range of the ordinary differential equation, constraints, smoothness requirements of the solution, symmetry requirements, and periodicity requirements.

[0100] S102. Based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation and the property information of the ordinary differential equation, construct the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation.

[0101] Optionally, after obtaining the ordinary differential equation, the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation can be determined, and the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation can be constructed based on the number of spectra and attribute information of the ordinary differential equation.

[0102] The number of spectrum components refers to the number of independent frequency components contained in the Fourier series expansion of the ordinary differential equation within its domain.

[0103] For example, the number of spectra can be obtained by performing a Fourier transform on an ordinary differential equation.

[0104] For example, the complexity of the initial quantum circuit can be determined based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation, and the modulation range of the initial quantum circuit can be determined based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, thereby constructing the initial quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation.

[0105] The initial quantum optical circuit, as the physical realization of the ordinary differential equation, is a programmable photon path network composed of multiple optical elements. It is used to perform controllable linear transformations and interference operations on the input photon state, thereby realizing quantum information processing tasks. The initial quantum optical circuit includes at least a unitary matrix and a phase shifter.

[0106] For example, the initial quantum circuit can be implemented based on a unitary matrix-phase shifter-unitary matrix architecture, which can realize arbitrary multimode unitary transformations. The initial quantum circuit is used to perform controllable linear transformations and interference operations on the input photon states, and finally obtains a function expression of the input variable x by measuring the photon number distribution at the output end.

[0107] The input photon state can be a photon number state (or simply Fock state), which specifically refers to an eigenstate describing the state of an optical field with a definite number of photons. A Fock state uses the number of photons to label a state, representing a quantum state in the optical field with a specific number of photons.

[0108] The unitary matrix represents the interference behavior of photons propagating between multiple waveguides. It can be implemented by a cascaded structure of beam splitters and phase shifters. Specifically, it can be obtained by mapping a linear interference network consisting of a series of beam splitters and phase shifters, for example, a combination of a series of 2×2 beam splitters and phase shifters. The parameters of the unitary matrix (e.g., beam splitter angles, phase shifter phases) can be optimized using gradient descent. The phase shifter is used to control the photon phase.

[0109] S103. Measure the initial photonic quantum circuit and determine the objective function corresponding to the initial photonic quantum circuit based on the measurement results.

[0110] Optionally, the initial quantum circuit can be evolved, and the output of the initial quantum circuit can be measured with photon number resolution to obtain the measurement results, thereby constructing the objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit based on the measurement results.

[0111] The measurement result can be the output probability distribution of the initial photonic quantum circuit, which is essentially a Fourier series expansion of the input phase.

[0112] The objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit refers to the function obtained by the initial quantum circuit through quantum state evolution and measurement of the input. The objective function can express the initial quantum circuit.

[0113] S104. Determine the loss information of the objective function. Based on the loss information, determine whether to apply the initial quantum circuit. If yes, use the initial quantum circuit as the target quantum circuit. If no, iteratively adjust the initial quantum circuit and use the initial quantum circuit at the end of the iteration as the target quantum circuit.

[0114] Optionally, after obtaining the objective function, the loss information of the objective function can be determined according to the preset loss function, and the initial quantum circuit can be used as the target quantum circuit based on the loss information of the objective function. If so, the initial quantum circuit is used as the target quantum circuit.

[0115] Optionally, if not, the initial quantum circuit is iteratively adjusted based on the loss information, and the objective function and the loss information of the objective function are redefined until the iteration ends. The initial quantum circuit at the end of the iteration is then used as the target quantum circuit.

[0116] The loss information is used to indicate the difference between the objective function and the ordinary differential equation.

[0117] For example, the objective function can be calculated based on a preset loss function and a regularization term to obtain loss information. The preset loss function can be, for example, mean squared error.

[0118] For example, the unitary matrix and phase shifters in the initial quantum optical circuit can be adjusted, such as by adjusting the parameters of the unitary matrix or the number of phase shifters. The number of waveguides and photons in the initial quantum optical circuit can also be adjusted.

[0119] S105. Perform calculations on the input data of the quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit.

[0120] Optionally, after obtaining the target optical quantum circuit, the input data of the quantum system can be computed based on the target optical quantum circuit.

[0121] The target optical quantum circuit is a specific physical realization of the quantum system. That is, the quantum system can be physically instantiated through the target optical quantum circuit, so that the input data of the quantum system can be processed through the target optical quantum circuit.

[0122] Optionally, after obtaining the target optical quantum circuit, the target optical quantum circuit can be used as an optical quantum chip to construct an optical quantum computer.

[0123] In this embodiment, by acquiring the ordinary differential equation and attribute information of the quantum system, and constructing an initial optical quantum circuit based on the number of spectra and attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, and measuring the initial optical quantum circuit, the objective function can be determined based on the measurement results. Based on the loss information of the objective function, the target optical quantum circuit is obtained, enabling computation on the input data of the quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit. This not only allows for the equivalent and deterministic acquisition of the target optical quantum circuit corresponding to an ordinary differential equation of arbitrary complexity, thus improving the expressive power of the optical quantum circuit, but also enables computation on the input data of the quantum system in the optical domain, reducing the energy consumption during quantum system computation. In other words, it significantly improves the expressive power of the optical quantum circuit and achieves high-precision solution of the ordinary differential equation.

[0124] Furthermore, with a photon number-resolved detector, the more photons there are, the more Fourier coefficients that can be fitted, and the richer the spectrum. This allows the present application to maximize the use of the Fourier series expression capability of photons and to accurately express the solution of ordinary differential equations through the combination of high, medium and low frequency terms.

[0125] Furthermore, the target optical quantum circuit obtained in this application has the advantages of lower quantum circuit complexity and no need for nonlinear optical devices, which can significantly improve the availability, practicality and value of quantum hardware in practical applications in the current stage of development of noisy, medium-scale quantum computing.

[0126] Furthermore, due to the photonic properties of the target quantum circuit, the obtained target quantum circuit can also be applied to any time-series task requiring high-speed real-time decision-making, such as speech recognition and financial forecasting. In addition, this application can also be applied to high-performance quantum computing clusters, such as parallel or distributed systems, and deployed in fields such as financial processing, logistics manufacturing, and artificial intelligence through methods such as quantum computing and hyper-convergence.

[0127] As one possible implementation, the following provides an illustrative example of the process of constructing the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation. Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the construction of the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 2 As shown, in S102 above, the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation is constructed based on the number of spectra and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, including:

[0128] S201. Determine the photon parameters based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation.

[0129] It is understandable that the more spectra a regular differential equation has, the higher the complexity of the optical quantum circuit.

[0130] Optionally, the photonic parameters can be obtained by matching the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation from a preset mapping relationship between the number of spectra and the photonic parameters.

[0131] The quantum parameters include at least the waveguide number, the number of phase shifters, and the number of photons. The quantum parameters may also include the size of the unitary matrix.

[0132] For example, the number of waveguides can be the same as the number of spectra, the number of photons can be determined based on the number of spectra, the number of photons multiplied by the number of phase shifters can be greater than or equal to the number of spectra, and the number of phase shifters can be the number of waveguides minus 1. For example, when the number of spectra is 2, the number of waveguides can be 2, the number of photons can be 2, the number of phase shifters can be 1, and the size of the unitary matrix can be 2*2.

[0133] By determining the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation, the photonic quantum parameters can be made to match the expressive power of the obtained target photonic quantum circuit with the complexity of the ordinary differential equation, thereby improving the expressive power of the obtained target photonic quantum circuit for the ordinary differential equation.

[0134] S202. Construct a photonic quantum circuit based on the photonic quantum parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset photonic quantum circuit architecture.

[0135] Optionally, an initial quantum circuit can be constructed based on the obtained quantum parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset quantum circuit architecture.

[0136] For example, a preset quantum circuit architecture can be obtained, and the quantum circuit architecture can be adjusted according to the information indicated by the quantum parameters and the property information of the ordinary differential equation, so as to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0137] The preset quantum circuit architecture is a unitary matrix-phase shifter-unitary matrix architecture.

[0138] By determining the number of spectra in ordinary differential equations, photonic parameters are identified. Based on these parameters, the properties of the ordinary differential equations, and a pre-defined photonic circuit architecture, an initial photonic circuit can be constructed. This improves the efficiency and stability of photonic circuit construction, reduces training costs, and increases the convergence success rate. Furthermore, it integrates the low-energy consumption of photonic computing with the general-purpose programmability of electronic computing, enabling high-efficiency and high-precision nonlinear layer processing.

[0139] As one possible implementation method, Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the determination of photonic quantum parameters in the photonic quantum system data processing method provided in this application embodiment, with reference to... Figure 3 As shown, in S201 above, the photon parameters are determined based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation, including:

[0140] S301. Obtain preset photon number preference information.

[0141] Optionally, preset photon number preference information can be obtained.

[0142] The photon number preference information is used to indicate the desired initial input photon state when constructing the initial photonic quantum circuit. For example, the photon number preference information can be 2, that is, the desired input photon state is a quantum state containing exactly two photons.

[0143] S302. Determine the photon parameters based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation and the photon number preference information.

[0144] Optionally, the photon parameters can be obtained based on the spectral information of the ordinary differential equation, the photon number preference information, and the preset rules for determining photon parameters.

[0145] For example, the number of waveguides can be the same as the number of spectra, the number of photons can be determined based on the number of spectra, and the number of phase shifters can be the number of waveguides minus 1. For instance, when the number of spectra is 2, the number of waveguides can be 2, the number of photons can be 2, the number of phase shifters can be 1, and the size of the unitary matrix can be 2*2.

[0146] By determining the photonic parameters using the number of spectra and photon number preference information of the ordinary differential equation, the expressive power of the photonic quantum circuit can be matched with the complexity of the ordinary differential equation. Furthermore, photonic quantum resources can be allocated as needed, thereby improving the expressive power of the target photonic quantum circuit for the ordinary differential equation while achieving efficient utilization of photonic quantum resources.

[0147] As one possible implementation method, Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the construction of optical quantum circuits in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment, with reference to... Figure 4 As shown, in S202 above, the optical quantum circuit is constructed based on the photon parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset optical quantum circuit architecture, including:

[0148] S401. Based on the photon parameters and the preset photon circuit architecture, the intermediate photon circuit is configured.

[0149] The preset optical quantum circuit architecture can include three layers. The first layer is a unitary matrix, consisting of beam splitters and phase shifters, used to construct arbitrary unitary transformations. The second layer is a phase shifter, consisting of adjustable phase shifters, used to introduce controllable relative phases. The third layer is a unitary matrix, consisting of beam splitters and phase shifters, used to adjust the output mode.

[0150] Optionally, the dimension of the initial optical quantum circuit can be determined based on the waveguide number, and the required number of beam splitters and phase shifters can be calculated based on the waveguide number, and the parameters of each beam splitter and phase shifter can be configured to obtain the intermediate optical quantum circuit.

[0151] For example, taking a waveguide number of 4, a photon number of 2, and a phase shifter number of 3, the intermediate quantum circuit can be obtained by using Clements decomposition on a 2*2 unitary matrix. The first layer of the intermediate quantum circuit includes six beam splitters and six phase shifters, the second layer includes three phase shifters, and the third layer includes six beam splitters and six phase shifters.

[0152] S402. Based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, the intermediate photonic quantum circuit is configured in a secondary manner to obtain the initial photonic quantum circuit.

[0153] Optionally, the input state of the intermediate quantum circuit can be encoded based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, thereby realizing the secondary configuration of the initial quantum circuit and obtaining the intermediate quantum circuit.

[0154] As one possible implementation method, Figure 5 A schematic flowchart illustrating the initial optical quantum circuitry in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment, referring to... Figure 5 As shown, in step S402 above, the intermediate quantum circuit is configured a second time based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation to obtain the initial quantum circuit, including:

[0155] S501. Determine the input variables of the intermediate quantum circuit based on the domain information.

[0156] Optionally, the domain information can be discretized according to a preset discretization granularity to obtain the input variables of the intermediate optical quantum circuit.

[0157] S502. Based on the input variables, determine the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit, and configure the intermediate quantum circuit according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0158] Alternatively, the input variables can be mapped to the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit, and the intermediate quantum circuit can be configured according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0159] For example, the input variables can be mapped to the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit according to the order of the input variables, and the phase angle of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit can be adjusted according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0160] As one possible implementation, in step S502 above, determining the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit based on the input variables includes:

[0161] The phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined based on the input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit.

[0162] Optionally, the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit can be calculated based on the input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit.

[0163] For example, taking the input variable as x, assuming that the current phase shifter is the i-th phase shifter in the optical quantum circuit, the phase of the i-th phase shifter can be calculated as i*x.

[0164] By using input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifters in the optical quantum circuit, the phase of the phase shifters in the optical quantum circuit can be determined. This allows the input variables to be mapped to the parameters of multiple phase shifters, and the parameters of each phase shifter are proportional to its index. This makes the influence of the input variables on the initial optical quantum circuit linearly extensible, thereby increasing the number of Fourier spectra and realizing the function expression and optimization capabilities of the optical quantum circuit.

[0165] The above provides an illustrative explanation of the process of constructing an initial quantum circuit. It can be understood that after constructing the initial quantum circuit, the initial quantum circuit can be measured, and the objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit can be determined based on the measurement results. The following is a detailed explanation.

[0166] As one possible implementation method, Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the objective function corresponding to the initial optical quantum circuit in the quantum system data processing method based on optical quantum provided in this application embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 6 As shown, in S103 above, the initial quantum circuit is measured, and the objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit is determined based on the measurement results, including:

[0167] S601. Perform photon number-resolved measurement on the initial optical quantum circuit and obtain the measurement results.

[0168] Optionally, the initial photonic quantum circuit can be evolved multiple times, and the evolved initial photonic quantum circuit can be measured with photon number resolution. After each evolution, a multiphoton event is obtained, and the multiple multiphoton events obtained by sampling are statistically analyzed to obtain the measurement result.

[0169] The measurement results are used to indicate the probability distribution of multiphoton events.

[0170] For example, a preset input state is input into the initial photonic quantum circuit, and the input state is transformed into an output photonic state through the evolution of optical elements in the initial photonic quantum circuit.

[0171] Optionally, the output state is subjected to photon number-resolved measurement, and multiphoton events are statistically analyzed to obtain the measurement results.

[0172] For example, multiple output states are measured by photon number resolution using a detector, and statistical sampling is performed to obtain sampling results. Based on the sampling results, the frequency of each event is calculated to obtain the measurement results.

[0173] The measurement results can be the probability distribution of multiphoton events, which can reflect the distribution of the quantum state output by the initial photonic quantum circuit in different modes under the current input state.

[0174] S602. The measurement results are weighted and summed to calculate the objective function corresponding to the initial photonic quantum circuit.

[0175] Optionally, each event in the measurement results is assigned a preset weight corresponding to that event, and the weights are summed to calculate the objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit.

[0176] The weighted summation of the measurement results is essentially a Fourier series expansion of the input phase.

[0177] By performing photon number-resolved measurements on the initial quantum circuit, the measurement results are obtained, and the target function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit is calculated by weighted summation. Through measurement and statistics, the "physical output" of the initial quantum circuit can be transformed into a "mathematical function", so that the initial quantum circuit is no longer a "black box" but a mathematical function with a clear input-output mapping, thereby improving the interpretability and controllability of the initial quantum circuit.

[0178] As one possible implementation method, Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the loss information of the objective function in the quantum system data processing method based on photonic quantum mechanics provided in this application embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 7 As shown, the loss information for determining the objective function in S104 above includes:

[0179] S701. Determine the current solution of the ordinary differential equation based on the objective function.

[0180] Optionally, after obtaining the objective function, the current solution of the ordinary differential equation can be calculated based on the objective function and the order of the ordinary differential equation.

[0181] For example, the objective function can be differentiated according to the order of the ordinary differential equation, and the result obtained after differentiation can be substituted into the ordinary differential equation to obtain the current solution of the ordinary differential equation.

[0182] For example, if the ordinary differential equation is of the second order, then we can find the second derivative of the objective function and substitute the result into the ordinary differential equation to obtain the current solution of the ordinary differential equation.

[0183] S702. Based on the current solution, determine the loss information of the objective function.

[0184] For example, the loss information can be obtained by calculating the current solution based on a preset loss function and a regularization term. The preset loss function can be, for example, mean squared error.

[0185] As one possible implementation method, Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the process of determining whether to apply the initial optical quantum circuit in the quantum system data processing method based on photonic quantum mechanics provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, in S104 above, determining whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information includes:

[0186] S801. If the loss information is less than the preset loss threshold, then determine to apply the initial optical quantum circuit.

[0187] Optionally, if the loss information is less than a preset loss threshold, the initial optical quantum circuit can be determined to be applied.

[0188] S802. If the loss information is greater than the preset loss threshold, then adjust the unitary matrix in the initial optical quantum circuit according to the loss information.

[0189] Optionally, if the loss information is greater than the preset loss threshold, the unitary matrix in the initial optical quantum circuit can be adjusted according to the loss information through the end-to-end backpropagation algorithm, and S103-S104 can be re-executed.

[0190] Specifically, the parameters of the unitary matrix in the initial quantum circuit can be updated based on the loss information, thereby enabling the objective function to better approximate the nonlinear function.

[0191] For example, the parameters of the unitary matrix can be used as trainable variables. Based on the loss information, the gradient of the loss information with respect to the parameters of the unitary matrix can be calculated through backpropagation. Then, the parameters of the unitary matrix can be updated based on the gradient using optimizers such as Adam and RMSProp.

[0192] By adjusting the unitary matrix in the photonic quantum circuit, the function output by the target photonic quantum circuit can be made to approximate the target function by controlling the photon interference path, thereby realizing the physical expression of the nonlinear function.

[0193] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a quantum system data processing device based on photons, which corresponds to the quantum system data processing method based on photons. Since the principle of the device in this application is similar to the quantum system data processing method based on photons described above, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0194] Reference Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum system data processing device based on photonic quantum, provided for an embodiment of this application. The device includes: an acquisition module 901, a construction module 902, a determination module 903, and a calculation module 904.

[0195] The acquisition module 901 is used to acquire the ordinary differential equation and its attribute information, which includes at least the domain information and boundary conditions.

[0196] The construction module 902 is used to construct the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation. The initial optical quantum circuit includes at least: a unitary matrix and a phase shifter.

[0197] The determination module 903 is used to measure the initial optical quantum circuit and determine the objective function corresponding to the initial optical quantum circuit based on the measurement results;

[0198] The determination module 903 is also used to determine the loss information of the objective function, and to determine whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information. If so, the initial quantum circuit is used as the target quantum circuit; if not, the initial quantum circuit is iteratively adjusted and the initial quantum circuit at the end of the iteration is used as the target quantum circuit.

[0199] The computation module 904 is used to perform computations on the input data of the quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit.

[0200] Optionally, module 902 is specifically used for:

[0201] Based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation, the photon parameters are determined. The photon parameters include at least the number of waveguides, the number of phase shifters, and the number of photons.

[0202] Based on the photon parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset photon circuit architecture, a photon circuit is constructed.

[0203] Optionally, module 902 is specifically used for:

[0204] Obtain preset photon number preference information;

[0205] The photon parameters are determined based on the number of spectra and photon number preference information from the ordinary differential equation.

[0206] Optionally, module 902 is specifically used for:

[0207] Based on the photon parameters and the preset photon circuit architecture, the intermediate photon circuit is configured.

[0208] Based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, the intermediate photonic quantum circuit is reconfigured to obtain the initial photonic quantum circuit.

[0209] Optionally, module 902 is specifically used for:

[0210] Based on the domain information, determine the input variables of the intermediate optical quantum circuit;

[0211] Based on the input variables, the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined, and the intermediate quantum circuit is configured according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

[0212] Optionally, module 902 is specifically used for:

[0213] The phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined based on the input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit.

[0214] Optionally, module 903 is specifically used for:

[0215] A photon number-resolved measurement is performed on the initial photonic quantum circuit to obtain the measurement results, which are used to indicate the probability distribution of multiphoton events.

[0216] The objective function corresponding to the initial photonic quantum circuit is calculated by weighted summation of the measurement results.

[0217] Optionally, module 903 is specifically used for:

[0218] Determine the current solution of the ordinary differential equation based on the objective function;

[0219] Based on the current solution, determine the loss information of the objective function.

[0220] Optionally, module 903 is specifically used for:

[0221] If the loss information is less than the preset loss threshold, then the initial optical quantum circuit is determined to be applied;

[0222] If the loss information is greater than the preset loss threshold, the unitary matrix in the initial photonic quantum circuit is adjusted according to the loss information.

[0223] The processing flow of each module in the device and the interaction flow between each module can be referred to the relevant descriptions in the above method embodiments, and will not be detailed here.

[0224] This application also provides an optical quantum computer, which includes: the aforementioned target optical quantum circuit, a single-photon source, and a photon detector.

[0225] This includes the target photonic quantum circuit, the single-photon source, and the optical connection of the photon detector. The photon detector can be a single-photon detector.

[0226] Among them, optical quantum computers are quantum computing devices that use photons (light particles) as qubits for information processing. Single photon sources generate high-quality single photons as qubit carriers by exciting quantum dots with lasers or by spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC).

[0227] The target optical quantum circuit is obtained by executing the steps of the above-mentioned nonlinear data generation and processing method based on optical quantum. Specifically, it is composed of optical components such as optical fiber, waveguide, beam splitter, phase modulator, and mirror to realize optical transmission and interference, information encoding and logic operation (such as Hadamard gate and CNOT gate).

[0228] The single-photon detector measures the final state of a photon (such as the Fock state or path) and outputs the calculation results. For details on the specific processing procedures of an optical quantum computer, please refer to the relevant technical descriptions, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0229] This application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 The schematic diagram of the electronic device structure provided in the embodiments of this application includes: a processor 1001, a memory 1002, and optionally, a bus 1003. The memory 1002 stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor 1001 (e.g., ...). Figure 9 The device includes an acquisition module 901, a construction module 902, a determination module 903, and an operation module 904 (with corresponding execution instructions, etc.). When the electronic device is running, the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 communicate via the bus 1003. When the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor 1001, the steps of the above-mentioned quantum system data processing method based on photons are performed.

[0230] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when run by a processor, executes the steps of the above-described quantum system data processing method based on photons.

[0231] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and devices described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection can be through some communication interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0232] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. If the functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0233] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A data processing method for quantum systems based on photons, characterized in that, include: Obtain the ordinary differential equation and its attribute information, wherein the attribute information includes at least: domain information and boundary conditions; Based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, an initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation is constructed. The initial optical quantum circuit includes at least a unitary matrix and a phase shifter. A photon number-resolved measurement is performed on the initial optical quantum circuit to obtain the measurement result, which is used to indicate the probability distribution of multiphoton events. The objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit is calculated by weighted summation of the measurement results. Determine the loss information of the objective function, and determine whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information. If yes, use the initial quantum circuit as the target quantum circuit; otherwise, iteratively adjust the initial quantum circuit and use the initial quantum circuit at the end of the iteration as the target quantum circuit. The input data of the quantum system is processed based on the target optical quantum circuit.

2. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of constructing the initial optical quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation based on the number of spectra and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation includes: Based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation, the photon parameters are determined, and the photon parameters include at least: waveguide number, phase shifter number, and photon number; The photonic quantum circuit is constructed based on the photonic quantum parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset photonic quantum circuit architecture.

3. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of photonic quantum parameters based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation includes: Obtain preset photon number preference information; The photon parameters are determined based on the number of spectra in the ordinary differential equation and the photon number preference information.

4. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of constructing the quantum circuit based on the quantum parameters, the property information of the ordinary differential equation, and the preset quantum circuit architecture includes: Based on the aforementioned photon parameters and the preset photon circuit architecture, an intermediate photon circuit is configured. Based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation, the intermediate photonic quantum circuit is configured a second time to obtain the initial photonic quantum circuit.

5. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of performing a secondary configuration on the intermediate quantum circuit based on the property information of the ordinary differential equation to obtain the initial quantum circuit includes: Based on the defined domain information, the input variables of the intermediate optical quantum circuit are determined; Based on the input variables, the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined, and the intermediate quantum circuit is configured according to the phase of the phase shifter to obtain the initial quantum circuit.

6. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum optical circuit based on the input variables includes: The phase of the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit is determined based on the input variables and the index information corresponding to the phase shifter in the intermediate quantum circuit.

7. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loss information for determining the objective function includes: Based on the objective function, determine the current solution of the ordinary differential equation; Based on the current solution, the loss information of the objective function is determined.

8. The quantum system data processing method based on photons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information includes: If the loss information is less than a preset loss threshold, then the initial optical quantum circuit is determined to be applied; If the loss information is greater than a preset loss threshold, then the unitary matrix in the initial photonic quantum circuit is adjusted according to the loss information.

9. A quantum system data processing device based on photons, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation, wherein the attribute information includes at least: domain information and boundary conditions; A construction module is used to construct an initial quantum circuit corresponding to the ordinary differential equation based on the number of spectra of the ordinary differential equation and the attribute information of the ordinary differential equation. The initial quantum circuit includes at least a unitary matrix and a phase shifter. The determination module is used to perform photon number-resolved measurements on the initial quantum circuit to obtain measurement results, which are used to indicate the probability distribution of multi-photon events; and to calculate the objective function corresponding to the initial quantum circuit by weighted summation of the measurement results. The determining module is further configured to determine the loss information of the objective function, and determine whether to apply the initial quantum circuit based on the loss information. If so, the initial quantum circuit is used as the target quantum circuit; if not, the initial quantum circuit is iteratively adjusted, and the initial quantum circuit at the end of the iteration is used as the target quantum circuit. The computation module is used to perform computations on the input data of the quantum system based on the target optical quantum circuit.

10. An optical quantum computer, characterized in that, The optical quantum computer includes: a target optical quantum circuit obtained by performing the method described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images