A needle-shaped fertilizer screening device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizer screening, and specifically discloses a needle-shaped fertilizer screening device and method, which comprises a screening frame, a device for screening needle-shaped fertilizer, a screening unit located inside the frame, a screening net, a deflector and a guide plate, a gap between the deflector and the frame, one end of the screening net connected with the deflector, the other end of the screening net rotatably connected with the frame, the aperture of the screening net larger than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer and smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer, the guide plate located below the screening net, one end of the guide plate connected with the deflector, the other end of the guide plate rotatably connected with the frame, and the gap between the guide plate and the screening net smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer, a leveling mechanism for leveling the needle-shaped fertilizer on the screening net, and a lifting mechanism for adjusting the inclination of the screening unit. The present application can screen out irregular small pieces of fertilizer and powder in the needle-shaped fertilizer, and can reduce the damage to the needle-shaped fertilizer in the screening process as much as possible.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizer screening, in particular to a needle-shaped fertilizer screening device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the granulation form of fertilizer mainly includes granular and needle-shaped, wherein the needle-shaped fertilizer is generally water-soluble fertilizer. The needle-shaped fertilizer is generally a small cylinder, the length is generally 0.5-3mm, and the diameter is generally 0.1-0.3mm. Due to the shape characteristics of the needle-shaped fertilizer, there are irregular broken fertilizers in the production process due to collision and other reasons, and even there are powders due to moisture.

[0003] Therefore, the needle-shaped fertilizer produced contains irregular broken fertilizers and powders, and the existence of irregular broken fertilizers and powders will lead to irregular product shape, which not only leads to irregular appearance of the product and reduces the commodity attribute, but also in the fertilization process, if the same container is used to measure the needle-shaped fertilizer, due to the irregular shape of the product, it will lead to different actual added fertilizers, which is not conducive to uniform application of needle-shaped fertilizer, and there is the problem of over-fertilization or insufficient fertilization.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to screen the produced needle-shaped fertilizer to remove irregular shape fertilizers and powders. The existing fertilizer screening device is almost for granular fertilizer, and the basic principle is based on a vibrating screen, which uses the size difference between the aperture size of the screen and the size of the fertilizer particles to realize screening, such as the biological fertilizer processing and screening device disclosed in CN202421515601.1, which discloses a screening mechanism that uses the mesh size of the screening net to realize the screening of the fertilizer.

[0005] However, due to the structural characteristics of the needle-shaped fertilizer, it has the characteristics of being easy to break compared with the granular fertilizer, and if the vibrating screen is used for screening, it is easy to cause the problem of breaking of the needle-shaped fertilizer in the screening process. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a needle-shaped fertilizer screening device and method to screen out irregular broken fertilizers and powders in the needle-shaped fertilizer, and to reduce the damage to the needle-shaped fertilizer as much as possible in the screening process.

[0007] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0008] A needle-shaped fertilizer screening device, comprising:

[0009] A screening frame for screening needle-shaped fertilizers includes a frame and a screening unit located inside the frame, the screening unit being inclined; the screening unit includes a screen, a directional plate, and a guide plate; the directional plate is located at the front end of the screen, and there is a gap between the end of the directional plate away from the screen and the frame; one end of the screen is connected to the directional plate, and the other end is rotatably connected to the frame; the guide plate is located below the screen, the aperture of the screen is larger than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer and smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer, one end of the guide plate is connected to the directional plate, and the other end is rotatably connected to the frame, and the gap between the guide plate and the screen is smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer;

[0010] The material leveling and shaping mechanism includes several material leveling plates arranged above a screen. The material leveling plates are arranged in multiple rows, with multiple material leveling plates in each row. The material leveling plates in adjacent rows are staggered. The distance between the material leveling plate and the screen is greater than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer but less than twice the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The material leveling plate is driven by a displacement mechanism to reciprocate on the needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0011] The lifting mechanism is used to adjust the inclination of the screening unit.

[0012] The concept of this invention is as follows:

[0013] Considering the structural characteristics of needle-shaped fertilizers and their fragility compared to granular fertilizers, a new screening method suitable for needle-shaped fertilizers is proposed instead of using existing vibrating screening methods.

[0014] The main structure for achieving the purpose of this invention includes a screening unit, an airflow purging mechanism, and a lifting mechanism. First, the screening unit of this invention differs from the screens of the prior art. Instead, it consists of a screen, a directional plate, and a guide plate. The directional plate does not have a screening function; it is used to receive the needle-shaped fertilizer introduced into the screening frame. Since the needle-shaped fertilizer has a slender cylindrical structure, and the directional plate is tilted, if the needle-shaped fertilizer entering the directional plate is in a vertical position, it will cause instability and fall into a horizontal position. Therefore, the function of the directional plate of this invention is to adjust the needle-shaped fertilizer in a vertical position to a horizontal position, so that the needle-shaped fertilizer enters the screen in a horizontal position for screening, avoiding some of the needle-shaped fertilizer in a vertical position from getting stuck in the mesh of the screen when it directly enters the screen. The screen's function is to trap regular, undamaged, or minimally damaged needle-shaped fertilizers, allowing most of the regular needle-shaped fertilizers to exit through the bottom of the screen. Broken, irregular needle-shaped fertilizers and powders are then sieved onto a guide plate and discharged. Therefore, the screen's mesh size design in this invention needs to both trap regular, undamaged, or minimally damaged needle-shaped fertilizers and remove as much broken, irregular needle-shaped fertilizer and powder as possible. Based on this objective, the invention limits the screen's mesh size. Furthermore, to prevent some regular needle-shaped fertilizers stuck in the screen mesh from falling onto the guide plate and to prevent broken, irregular needle-shaped fertilizers from being discharged, the invention limits the gap between the guide plate and the screen to be smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer. Thus, when needle-shaped fertilizers become stuck in the screen mesh, they will not fall onto the guide plate because the gap between the guide plate and the screen is smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0015] In the vertical configuration of this invention, the axial end of the pointer-shaped fertilizer contacts the screening unit, meaning the axial direction of the pointer-shaped fertilizer is perpendicular to the screening unit. In the horizontal configuration, the circumference of the pointer-shaped fertilizer contacts the screening unit, meaning the axial direction of the pointer-shaped fertilizer is parallel to the screening unit.

[0016] This invention utilizes the inclined state of the screening unit and the cylindrical structure of the needle-shaped fertilizer with a large length-to-diameter ratio to realize the movement of the needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0017] Furthermore, in order to collect the regular needle-shaped fertilizer stuck in the mesh of the screen, the present invention is equipped with a lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is used to adjust the inclination of the screening unit, and the other end of the screen and the guide plate are rotatably connected to the frame. In this way, the lifting mechanism can drive the adjusting plate to rise and fall, thereby realizing that the side of the screening unit equipped with the adjusting plate rotates up and down around the other side. During the up and down rotation of the screen, the angle of the needle-shaped fertilizer in the mesh is adjusted. Since the aperture of the mesh is larger than the outer diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer, when the angle of the needle-shaped fertilizer in the mesh rotates to a suitable position and the gap between the guide plate and the screen increases, the needle-shaped fertilizer stuck in the mesh can fall into the guide plate and be discharged for separate collection.

[0018] The overall inventive concept of this invention is based on the premise that needle-shaped fertilizers are cylindrical with a large aspect ratio. It utilizes the inclination of the screen and the weight of the needle-shaped fertilizers to move the material downwards on the screen. The designed screen aperture separates most of the broken fertilizer from the powder. Considering the fragility of needle-shaped fertilizers compared to granular fertilizers, this invention does not employ existing vibrating screens. Therefore, to avoid the accumulation and uneven distribution of needle-shaped fertilizers on the screen, which would affect the screening effect, this invention provides a leveling and sizing mechanism above the screen. This mechanism uses a sizing plate that reciprocates in the direction of needle-shaped fertilizer movement. On one hand, it adjusts the distance between the sizing plate and the screen, allowing the needle-shaped fertilizer to be spread evenly on the screen without accumulation. On the other hand, the sizing plate, during its reciprocating movement, can turn over the needle-shaped fertilizer on the screen, similar to reciprocating vibration, but with a weaker intensity. This achieves the turning over of the needle-shaped fertilizer while avoiding the secondary breakage problem caused by reciprocating vibration.

[0019] In summary, the needle fertilizer screening device of the present invention can not only screen out irregular broken fertilizer and powder in needle fertilizer, but also minimize the damage to needle fertilizer during the screening process.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the displacement mechanism includes multiple U-shaped grooves disposed above the screen, with sliders slidably disposed within the U-shaped grooves. The material plates are connected to the sliders via connecting plates, and the sliders are driven by a power mechanism to reciprocate. Each pair of material plates corresponds to one U-shaped groove.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, at least one flow divider is provided on the screen, which divides the screen into multiple screening zones, and a row of material-forming plates is provided on each side of each screening zone.

[0022] Multiple baffles divide the screen into relatively small screening areas, which facilitates the even distribution of needle-shaped fertilizers across the width of the screen and prevents them from accumulating in the middle of the screen. The width of the screen is perpendicular to the direction of material movement.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the directional plate is provided with a plurality of diversion ribs, which are used to divert and guide the needle-shaped fertilizer on the directional plate to multiple screening areas.

[0024] The diversion ribs can evenly guide the needle-shaped fertilizer to multiple screening areas. In conjunction with the diversion baffle, they can achieve secondary diversion, which is more conducive to the needle-shaped fertilizer being evenly spread in the width direction of the screen.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the lifting mechanism is connected to the steering plate;

[0026] The lifting mechanism is either a vertical telescopic component or a linear transmission lifting mechanism. The linear transmission lifting mechanism achieves vertical displacement through horizontal displacement.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the linear transmission lifting mechanism includes a mounting housing and a connecting rod. The two side walls of the mounting housing are provided with second sliding grooves. A linear moving mechanism is provided inside the mounting housing. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the linear moving mechanism, and the other end is rotatably connected to the steering plate.

[0028] Specifically, the linear motion mechanism includes a lead screw, a second slider is provided on the lead screw, and guide shafts are provided on both sides of the second slider, which can slide on the second slide groove.

[0029] Specifically, a vertical telescopic cylinder or hydraulic cylinder.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, a flexible connecting plate is provided at the end of the screen away from the directional plate; the flexible connecting plate is rotatably sleeved on the first shaft, and the two ends of the first shaft are fixed to the frame. When the screen is in the screening state, the flexible connecting plate is in close contact with the frame.

[0031] The above-mentioned arrangement of the present invention can both realize the rotation of the screen and ensure that the flexible connecting plate is in close contact with the frame, so as to ensure that the needle-shaped fertilizer trapped on the screen can pass smoothly through the rotation position and be discharged from the first outlet.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, a second shaft is provided on the frame; the end of the guide plate away from the steering plate is rotatably mounted on the second shaft.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, a semi-circular groove is provided on the second shaft, and a first sliding groove is provided on the two axial sidewalls of the semi-circular groove.

[0034] The end of the guide plate is provided with an arc-shaped groove that matches the semi-circular groove, and the guide plate is provided with a first slider that matches the first sliding groove.

[0035] A second baffle is provided on the upper end face of the guide plate at the rear end of the second outlet.

[0036] The structure described above in this invention can both enable the guide plate to rotate and prevent broken needle-shaped fertilizers and powders from getting stuck in the rotating part, thus preventing the screening unit from rotating.

[0037] A first baffle is provided at the top of the end of the directional plate away from the screen.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the aperture of the screen is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer; the gap between the guide plate and the screen is 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0039] The aperture and gap dimensions set above in this invention can ensure that, during the screening process, regular needle-shaped fertilizers are not stuck in the mesh and fall onto the guide plate. Furthermore, because the mesh aperture is relatively large, it can screen out as many broken needle-shaped fertilizers as possible.

[0040] The screening method based on the above-mentioned needle-shaped fertilizer screening device includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. The needle-shaped fertilizer first enters the adjusting plate, so that the needle-shaped fertilizer enters the screen in a horizontal position;

[0042] S2. On the inclined screen, the needle-shaped fertilizer moves downward under the action of gravity. During the movement, the broken needle-shaped fertilizer and powder are screened onto the guide plate and discharged from the second outlet; most of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer is trapped on the screen and discharged from the first outlet; some of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer gets stuck in the mesh of the screen; when the needle-shaped fertilizer moves downward on the screen, the leveling and balancing mechanism levels and bales the needle-shaped fertilizer to ensure the screening effect.

[0043] S3. When a certain amount of needle-shaped fertilizer is caught in the screen, stop feeding, start the lifting mechanism, and adjust the tilt angle of the screening unit so that one end of the screening unit with the steering plate rotates around the other end, causing the needle-shaped fertilizer caught in the mesh to fall onto the guide plate and be discharged from the second outlet.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0045] The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device of this invention addresses the structural characteristics of needle-shaped fertilizers and their relative fragility compared to granular fertilizers. Instead of using existing vibrating screening methods, it employs an inclined screening unit, tailored to the high aspect ratio of needle-shaped fertilizers, to facilitate movement of the fertilizers within the unit. This achieves movement while avoiding breakage caused by reciprocating vibration. The screening unit comprises a screen, a directional plate, and a guide plate. The directional plate ensures the needle-shaped fertilizers enter horizontally. The screen is designed to trap as much needle-shaped fertilizer as possible. By limiting the screen's aperture and the gap between the screen and the guide plate, the screen process minimizes the amount of broken needle-shaped fertilizer and powder mixed in with the broken needle-shaped fertilizer and powder. Finally, the lifting mechanism, along with the gap between the end of the adjusting plate away from the screen and the frame, and the rotating connection between the screen, the guide plate, and the frame, allows for the separate collection of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer trapped in the mesh. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing screening device;

[0048] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the screening device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the screen outlet end in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the screen outlet end in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0051] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of point A in the image;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a top view of the screening device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a top view of the screening unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the material plate and the slider in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the screening device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0056] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0057] 1-Screening frame; 2-Vertical telescopic component;

[0058] 11-Frame; 12-Screen; 13-First outlet; 14-Second outlet; 15-Directional plate; 16-Guide plate; 17-Screening gap; 18-First shaft; 19-Second shaft;

[0059] 121-Flexible connecting plate; 151-First baffle; 152-Flow divider; 161-Second baffle; 162-Arc groove; 163-First slider; 191-Semi-circular groove; 192-First sliding groove;

[0060] 3-Linear transmission lifting mechanism;

[0061] 31-Mounting housing; 32-Connecting rod; 33-Lead screw; 34-Guide shaft;

[0062] 311 - Second chute;

[0063] 4-Material plate; 5-Flow divider; 6-Displacement mechanism; 7-Connecting rod;

[0064] 61-U-shaped groove; 62-slider; 63-connecting plate;

[0065] 611-Through groove; 612-Third sliding groove; 613-Mounting through hole;

[0066] 100 - Bracket; 200 - Movable connector. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. The embodiments described below are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0068] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other embodiments, well-known structures, materials, or methods are not specifically described to avoid obscuring the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, instruments, and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, the techniques used in the embodiments are conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0069] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0070] Example 1:

[0071] Existing technology for screening granular fertilizers, such as screening devices Figure 1 As shown, the screening device mainly includes the following structure:

[0072] The system comprises a support frame 100, a screening frame 1, and a movable connector 200. The screening frame 1 includes a frame 11 with a bottom, and a screen 12 is installed inside the frame 11 at an angle. A first outlet 13 is located at the lower end of the screen 12 on the side wall of the frame 11, and a second outlet 14 is located at the bottom of the frame 11. The aperture of the screen 12 is smaller than the diameter of the granular fertilizer. The screening frame 1 is movably connected to the support frame 100 via the movable connector 200. A telescopic component can be used to drive the screening frame 1 to reciprocate, thereby achieving the screening of the granular fertilizer.

[0073] In the prior art, since the granular fertilizer has a spherical structure, it relies on the difference in aperture between the granular fertilizer and the screen 12 to achieve screening. During the screening process, some of the granular fertilizer will get stuck in the mesh of the screen 12. If the screen 12 does not vibrate back and forth, it is difficult to make the granular fertilizer move down the slope of the screen 12 by relying solely on the tilting action of the screen 12.

[0074] Therefore, in the existing technology, when using screen 12 to screen granular fertilizer, reciprocating vibration is necessary. However, when using reciprocating vibration to screen needle-shaped fertilizer, since needle-shaped fertilizer is a long and thin material, the reciprocating vibration screening method is prone to breakage and cannot be used for screening needle-shaped fertilizer. Moreover, since needle-shaped fertilizer has a large length-to-diameter ratio, it can move downward on the inclined plane without reciprocating motion. Because needle-shaped fertilizer has a large length-to-diameter ratio, it is in a horizontal state on the inclined plane. Since the mesh size of screen 12 is much smaller than the length of needle-shaped fertilizer, needle-shaped fertilizer can move downward on screen 12.

[0075] like Figures 2-8 As shown, in order to provide a screening device suitable for needle-shaped fertilizers, this embodiment modifies the structure of existing screening devices. The main concept is to avoid using reciprocating vibration for screening, and to achieve movement based on the structural characteristics of inclined planes and the large length-to-diameter ratio of needle-shaped fertilizers. The screening unit is also structurally improved to adapt to the screening of needle-shaped fertilizers. The screening device of this embodiment includes:

[0076] Screening frame 1; used for screening needle-shaped fertilizers, comprising a frame 11 and a screening unit located inside the frame 11. The frame 11 is a square frame with open ends at both the top and bottom. The screening unit is inclined. The screening unit includes a screen 12, a directional plate 15, and a guide plate 16. The directional plate 15 is located at the front end of the screen 12. In this embodiment, the front end is relative to the direction of movement of the needle-shaped fertilizers, that is, the directional plate 15 is located at the high end of the screening unit, and there is a gap between the end of the directional plate 15 away from the screen 12 and the frame 11. This gap is used to ensure that the high end of the screening unit can rotate around the low end. The screen 12 is rotated; one end of the screen 12 is connected to the directional plate 15, and the upper end face of the directional plate 15 and the upper end face of the screen 12 are on the same plane. The other end of the screen 12 is rotatably connected to the frame 11. The aperture of the screen 12 is larger than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer and smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The guide plate 16 is set below the screen 12. One end of the guide plate 16 is connected to the directional plate 15, and the other end is rotatably connected to the frame 11. A screening gap 17 is formed between the guide plate 16 and the screen 12. The width of the screening gap 17 is the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The screening gap 17 is the vertical distance between the guide plate 16 and the screen 12.

[0077] A first outlet 13 is provided on the lower side wall of the frame 11, which is used to discharge the needle-shaped fertilizer at the lower end of the screen 12; a second outlet 14 is provided at the lower bottom of the guide plate 16, which is used to discharge the material falling on the guide plate 16.

[0078] In this embodiment, the function of the adjusting plate 15 is to adjust the vertically positioned needle-shaped fertilizer to a horizontal position, allowing the needle-shaped fertilizer to enter the screen 12 in a horizontal position for sieving. This prevents some of the vertically positioned needle-shaped fertilizer from getting stuck in the mesh of the screen 12 when it directly enters the screen 12. If too much needle-shaped fertilizer gets stuck in the screen 12, the machine needs to be stopped for cleaning to ensure smooth sieving. Preferably, a first baffle 151 is provided at the top of the end of the adjusting plate 15 away from the screen 12. Since there is a gap between the upper side wall of the adjusting plate 15 and the frame 11 to accommodate the rotation of the sieving unit, the first baffle 151 can prevent the needle-shaped fertilizer entering the adjusting plate 15 from being discharged through this gap.

[0079] During the production of needle-shaped fertilizers, collisions and other factors can cause the regular needle-shaped fertilizer to contain fragments of irregular fertilizer. These fragments come in various sizes, such as: smaller than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer; larger than the diameter but less than 1 / 5 of the length; larger than the diameter but less than 1 / 4 of the length; smaller than the diameter but less than 1 / 3 of the length; larger than the diameter but less than 1 / 3 of the length; and larger than the diameter but less than the length, etc. Due to the different sizes of these fragments, it is necessary to screen out as many of the smaller fragments as possible. The larger fragments, such as those larger than the diameter but less than the length, are less likely to affect the appearance and uniformity of the finished product.

[0080] If the mesh size of the screen 12 is set to be smaller than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer, it is possible to completely trap the regular needle-shaped fertilizer with the screen 12. However, the screen 12 can only screen out broken fertilizer and powder with a size smaller than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer. It cannot screen out broken fertilizer of other sizes, which will result in the finished product still containing more small broken fertilizer, resulting in poor screening effect. Therefore, it is necessary to design the mesh size of the screen 12 reasonably.

[0081] In this embodiment, the function of the screen 12 is to trap regular, undamaged, or minimally damaged needle-shaped fertilizer, allowing most of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer to be discharged from the lower end of the screen 12, while broken, irregular needle-shaped fertilizer and powder are screened onto the guide plate 16 and discharged. That is, the mesh size design of the screen 12 in this invention needs to satisfy the requirement of trapping regular, undamaged, or minimally damaged needle-shaped fertilizer while sieving out as much broken, irregular needle-shaped fertilizer and powder as possible. Based on this objective, this invention... The invention defines the aperture of the screen 12. Furthermore, in order to prevent regular needle-shaped fertilizer that is partially stuck in the mesh of the screen 12 from falling onto the guide plate 16 and to prevent broken, irregular needle-shaped fertilizer from being discharged, this embodiment defines that the gap between the guide plate 16 and the screen 12 is smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer. In this way, when the needle-shaped fertilizer is stuck in the mesh of the screen 12, it will not fall into the guide plate 16 because the gap between the guide plate 16 and the screen 12 is smaller than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0082] In this embodiment, the screening unit differs from the prior art where the screen 12 is directly fixed to the inside of the frame 11. In this embodiment, the screening unit is set inside the frame 11 but is not fixedly connected. Instead, the lower end is rotatably connected to the frame 11, and the upper end has a gap with the frame 11. This gap facilitates the rotation of the screening unit. The side walls of the screening unit on both sides of the needle-shaped fertilizer movement direction are always in close contact with the frame 11 to ensure that the material can only be discharged through the first outlet 13 and the second outlet 14.

[0083] Preferably, the structure for the rotatable connection between the screen 12 and the frame 11 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0084] A flexible connecting plate 121 is provided at the end of the screen 12 away from the adjusting plate 15. The flexible connecting plate 121 is rotatably sleeved on the first shaft 18, and both ends of the first shaft 18 are fixed to the frame 11. When the screen 12 is in the screening state, the flexible connecting plate 121 is in close contact with the frame 11. This embodiment utilizes the flexibility of the flexible connecting plate 121 to satisfy the rotation function of the screening unit while ensuring that the flexible connecting plate 121 is in close contact with the frame 11, thereby ensuring that the needle-shaped fertilizer is smoothly discharged from the screen 12. The flexible connecting plate 121 can be made of silicone or plastic, and a through hole for the first shaft 18 to pass through can be provided on the flexible connecting plate 121.

[0085] Preferably, the structure for the rotatable connection between the guide plate 16 and the frame 11 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0086] A second shaft 19 is provided on the frame 11; the end of the guide plate 16 away from the adjusting plate 15 is rotatably mounted on the second shaft 19. To ensure the guide plate 16 functions properly and to prevent material on the guide plate 16 from falling into the rotating part and causing it to malfunction, the specific rotation method in this embodiment is as follows:

[0087] The second shaft 19 is provided with a semi-circular groove 191, and the two axial sidewalls of the semi-circular groove 191 are provided with first sliding grooves 192; the end of the guide plate 16 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 162 that cooperates with the semi-circular groove 191, and the guide plate 16 is provided with a first slider 163 that cooperates with the first sliding groove 192; the upper end surface of the guide plate 16 is provided with a second baffle 161 at the rear end of the second outlet 14.

[0088] Preferably, the aperture of the screen 12 is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer; the gap between the guide plate 16 and the screen 12 is 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The aperture of the screen 12 and the screening gap 17 configured above can ensure that as much broken fertilizer as possible is screened out.

[0089] The leveling and shaping mechanism includes several shaping plates 4 arranged above the screen 12. The shaping plates 4 are arranged in multiple rows, with multiple shaping plates 4 in each row. The shaping plates 4 in adjacent rows are staggered. The distance between the shaping plates 4 and the screen 12 is greater than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer but less than twice the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The shaping plates 4 are driven by the displacement mechanism 6 to reciprocate on the needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0090] In this embodiment, the material-setting plate 4 moves back and forth perpendicular to the falling direction of the needle-shaped fertilizer during the screening process, which can turn over the needle-shaped fertilizer on the screen 12. Its function is similar to reciprocating vibration, but the intensity is weaker. This effectively turns over the needle-shaped fertilizer, avoiding the problem of insufficient screening due to small gaps caused by material overlap. Therefore, the material-setting plate 4 designed in this invention can improve the screening effect and avoid secondary crushing caused by reciprocating vibration. Furthermore, multiple material-setting plates 4, staggered along the moving direction of the needle-shaped fertilizer, sequentially divert and flatten the falling needle-shaped fertilizer during its descent, ensuring that the material is spread as evenly as possible on the screen for screening, thus improving the screening effect. Further, the reciprocating speed of the material-setting plate 4 is controlled relatively slowly, at (2-3) cm / s, and the maximum reciprocating distance of the material-setting plate 4 is 15-20 cm, allowing the tilt angle of the screen 12 to be controlled at 30-35°.

[0091] In a specific case, such as Figure 6 As shown, the displacement mechanism 6 includes multiple U-shaped grooves 61 disposed above the screen 12. A slider 62 is slidably disposed within each U-shaped groove 61. A third groove 612 may be disposed at the bottom of the U-shaped groove 61, with the bottom of the slider 62 slidably connected to the third groove 612. The material plate 4 is connected to the slider 62 via a connecting plate 63. The slider 62 is driven to reciprocate by a power mechanism (not shown). The power mechanism can be any existing linear telescopic component, specifically a hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, or screw drive mechanism, etc. Each pair of material plates 4 corresponds to one U-shaped groove 61, i.e., as shown...Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a row of material plates 4 are arranged on each side of the same slider 62. The material plates 4 on both sides of a slider 62 are staggered and there is a gap between the material plates 4 on the horizontal line, that is, the material plates 4 on both sides are not on the same horizontal line. The horizontal line refers to the line perpendicular to the direction of material movement.

[0092] Specifically, a through groove 611 is provided on the side wall of the U-shaped chute 61. One end of the connecting plate 63 is connected to the slider 62, and the other end passes through the through groove 611 and is placed above the screen 12. The top of the material-forming plate 4 is connected to the connecting plate 63, and a gap is formed between the top and the screen 12. This gap allows horizontal needle-shaped fertilizer to pass through. Since the gap is less than twice the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer, it ensures that the needle-shaped fertilizer after passing through the material-forming plate 4 is flat and does not accumulate too thickly. The needle-shaped fertilizer that cannot pass through the material-forming plate 4 moves downward under its own weight and tilting action through the gap on the outer side of the end of the material-forming plate 4. In this way, the needle-shaped fertilizer is leveled through the material-forming plate 4, thus achieving the flattening of the screen needle-shaped fertilizer.

[0093] In a preferred case, such as Figure 8 As shown, in order to better sort the needle-shaped fertilizer by the material-forming plate 4, the material-forming plate 4 can be set as a flexible plate. The flexible plate can be a plastic plate, and several comb teeth are provided at the bottom of the flexible plate. There is a gap between two adjacent comb teeth. The height of the gap is greater than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer and less than twice the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The height of the gap refers to the distance between the top of the gap and the screen 12. The width of the gap is greater than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer to ensure that the needle-shaped fertilizer passes through the material-forming plate 4 in a horizontal position.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, multiple sliders 62 are connected by connecting rods 7, thus enabling synchronized reciprocating movement of multiple sliders 62 via a single power mechanism. For example; Figure 6 As shown, there are three parallel sliders 62, and each adjacent slider 62 is connected by a connecting rod 7.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, a mounting through hole 613 is provided at the high end of the U-shaped chute 61 in the middle. The feeding mechanism can be installed through the mounting through hole 613. The mounting through hole 613 is located above the adjusting plate 15 so that the needle-shaped fertilizer introduced by the feeding mechanism can directly enter the adjusting plate 15 for adjustment, so that the needle-shaped powder enters the screen 12 in a horizontal posture.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, at least one flow divider 5 is provided on the screen 12, which divides the screen 12 into multiple screening zones. Each screening zone has a row of material-holding plates 4 on each side. In a specific example, such as... Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, two flow dividers 5 are provided on the screen 12. The length direction of the flow dividers 5 is the direction of movement of the needle-shaped fertilizer, dividing the screen 12 into multiple screening areas. Each screening area corresponds to a U-shaped chute 61. The ends of the material-forming plates 4 on both sides of the slider 62 have a small gap with the sides of the screening area. This gap facilitates the reciprocating movement of the material-forming plates 4 and avoids resistance caused by contact during movement. Preferably, the high end of the flow dividers 5 is an arc surface, which facilitates guiding the needle-shaped fertilizer to each screening area.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the directional plate 15 is provided with a plurality of diversion ribs 152, which are used to divert and guide the needle-shaped fertilizer on the directional plate 15 to multiple screening areas. The diversion rib 152 located in the middle is arranged parallel to the diversion baffle 5 and is used to divert the needle-shaped fertilizer to the middle screening area. The diversion ribs 152 on both sides form an angle of less than 90° with the diversion baffle 5, and the angle formed between the diversion ribs 152 further away from the middle and the diversion baffle 5 is larger. The diversion ribs 152 on both sides are used to divert the needle-shaped fertilizer to the screening areas on both sides.

[0098] The diversion rib 152 and the diversion baffle 5 form a two-stage diversion to avoid the accumulation of needle-shaped fertilizer in the middle screening area and to facilitate the spreading of needle-shaped fertilizer on the screen 12.

[0099] A lifting mechanism is used to adjust the inclination of the screening unit. In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism is a linear transmission lifting mechanism 3, which is a structure that converts horizontal linear movement into vertical movement, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the linear transmission lifting mechanism 3 includes a mounting housing 31 and a connecting rod 32. Second sliding grooves 311 are provided on both side walls of the mounting housing 31. A linear moving mechanism is provided on the mounting housing 31. One end of the connecting rod 32 is rotatably connected to the linear moving mechanism, and the other end is rotatably connected to the steering plate 15. More specifically, the linear moving mechanism includes a lead screw 33, on which a second slider is provided. Guide shafts 34 are provided on both sides of the second slider, and the guide shafts 34 can slide on the second sliding grooves 311. The working principle of the lifting mechanism in this embodiment is as follows:

[0100] The motor drives the lead screw 33 to rotate, thereby enabling the second slider to move horizontally linearly on the lead screw 33. This, in turn, causes the guide shaft 34 to slide on the second slide groove 311. Since the two ends of the connecting rod 32 are rotatably connected to the guide shaft 34 and the adjusting plate 15 respectively, when the guide shaft 34 slides on the second slide groove 311, the adjusting plate 15 can be raised or lowered. The raising or lowering of the adjusting plate 15 drives the entire screening unit to rotate. More specifically, each end of the connecting rod 32 is provided with a through hole, one of which is fitted onto the guide shaft 34, and the other through a round shaft fitted onto the adjusting plate 15.

[0101] This embodiment utilizes the inclined plane of the screening unit and the large aspect ratio of the needle-shaped fertilizer to achieve movement of the needle-shaped fertilizer on the screening unit without relying on reciprocating vibration. Since the needle-shaped fertilizer of this invention is a slender column, when it enters the screen 12 in a horizontal position, the ideal state is that the axial direction of the needle-shaped fertilizer is perpendicular to the direction of material movement. This ensures that all regular needle-shaped fertilizer particles can pass through the screen 12 and be discharged through the first outlet 13. However, in the actual screening process, the distribution of the horizontally positioned needle-shaped fertilizer particles on the screen 12 is... It is uncertain whether the axial direction of some needle-shaped fertilizers is perpendicular to the direction of material movement, whether the axial direction of some needle-shaped fertilizers forms an angle of less than or greater than 90° with the direction of material movement, or even whether the axial direction of some needle-shaped fertilizers is parallel to the direction of material movement. Since the aperture of the screen 12 is larger than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizers, the needle-shaped fertilizers in the angled or parallel state may fall into the mesh of the screen 12 during movement. Due to the blocking effect of the guide plate 16, the needle-shaped fertilizers that fall into the mesh of the screen 12 are stuck and will not fall onto the guide plate 16 and be discharged from the second outlet 14.

[0102] The screening method based on the needle-shaped fertilizer screening device of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0103] S1. The needle-shaped fertilizer first enters the adjusting plate 15, so that the needle-shaped fertilizer enters the screen 12 in a horizontal position.

[0104] S2. On the inclined screen 12, the needle-shaped fertilizer moves downward under the action of gravity. During the movement, the broken needle-shaped fertilizer and powder are screened onto the guide plate 16 and discharged from the second outlet 14. Most of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer is trapped on the screen 12 and discharged from the first outlet 13. Some of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer gets stuck in the mesh of the screen 12. When the needle-shaped fertilizer moves downward on the screen 12, the leveling and balancing mechanism levels and bales the needle-shaped fertilizer to ensure the screening effect.

[0105] S3. Once a certain amount of needle-shaped fertilizer has been caught on the screen 12, stop feeding, start the lifting mechanism, and adjust the tilt angle of the screening unit so that one end of the screening unit equipped with the steering plate 15 rotates around the other end, causing the needle-shaped fertilizer caught in the mesh to fall onto the guide plate 16 and be discharged from the second outlet 14. Then drive the lifting mechanism to adjust the tilt of the screening unit back to its initial state and continue feeding.

[0106] Example 2:

[0107] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the structure of the lifting mechanism used, such as... Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the lifting mechanism is a vertical telescopic member 2, and the telescopic end of the vertical telescopic member 2 is connected to the steering plate 15. The vertical telescopic member 2 includes a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0108] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0109] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A needle-shaped fertilizer screening device, characterized in that, include: Screening frame (1); used for screening needle-shaped fertilizer, comprising a frame (11) and a screening unit located inside the frame (11), the screening unit being inclined; the screening unit comprising a screen (12), a directional plate (15) and a guide plate (16); the directional plate (15) is disposed at the front end of the screen (12), and there is a gap between the end of the directional plate (15) away from the screen (12) and the frame (11); one end of the screen (12) and the guide plate (16) are connected to the screen (12). The directional plate (15) is connected to the other end, and is rotatably connected to the frame (11). The aperture of the screen (12) is larger than the diameter of the needle fertilizer and smaller than the length of the needle fertilizer. The guide plate (16) is located below the screen (12). One end of the guide plate (16) is connected to the directional plate (15), and the other end is rotatably connected to the frame (11). The gap between the guide plate (16) and the screen (12) is smaller than the length of the needle fertilizer. The lower sidewall of the frame (11) is provided with a first outlet (13); the lower bottom of the guide plate (16) is provided with a second outlet (14). The leveling and shaping mechanism includes several shaping plates (4) arranged above the screen (12). The shaping plates (4) are arranged in multiple columns, with multiple shaping plates (4) in each column. The shaping plates (4) between adjacent columns are staggered, and the shaping plates (4) on both sides have gaps on the horizontal line. The distance between the shaping plate (4) and the screen (12) is greater than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer and less than twice the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The shaping plate (4) is driven by the displacement mechanism (6) to reciprocate on the movement of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The shaping plate (4) is a flexible plate. The bottom of the flexible plate is provided with several comb teeth, and there is a gap between two adjacent comb teeth. The height of the gap is greater than the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer and less than twice the diameter of the needle-shaped fertilizer. The width of the gap is greater than the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer to ensure that the needle-shaped fertilizer passes through the shaping plate (4) in a horizontal position. A lifting mechanism is used to adjust the inclination of the screening unit; At least one flow divider (5) is provided on the screen (12), the flow divider (5) divides the screen (12) into multiple screening areas, and a row of material plates (4) is provided on each side of each screening area. The aperture of the screen (12) is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer; the gap between the guide plate (16) and the screen (12) is 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the length of the needle-shaped fertilizer.

2. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement mechanism (6) includes multiple U-shaped grooves (61) arranged above the screen (12). A slider (62) is slidably arranged in the U-shaped groove (61). The material plate (4) is connected to the slider (62) through a connecting plate (63). The slider (62) is driven by a power mechanism to move back and forth. Each pair of material plates (4) corresponds to one U-shaped groove (61).

3. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the directional plate (15) is provided with a plurality of diversion ribs (152), which are used to divert and guide the needle-shaped fertilizer on the directional plate (15) to a plurality of screening areas.

4. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the lifting mechanism is connected to the steering plate (15); The lifting mechanism is a vertical telescopic component (2) or a linear transmission lifting mechanism (3), wherein the linear transmission lifting mechanism (3) achieves vertical displacement through horizontal displacement.

5. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flexible connecting plate (121) is provided at one end of the screen (12) away from the adjusting plate (15); the flexible connecting plate (121) is rotatably disposed on the frame (11), and when the screen (12) is in the screening state, the flexible connecting plate (121) is in close contact with the frame (11).

6. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flexible connecting plate (121) is rotatably sleeved on the first shaft (18), and the two ends of the first shaft (18) are fixed on the frame (11).

7. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second shaft (19) is provided on the frame (11); the end of the guide plate (16) away from the steering plate (15) is rotatably disposed on the second shaft (19).

8. The needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second shaft (19) is provided with a semi-circular groove (191), and the two axial sidewalls of the semi-circular groove (191) are provided with first sliding grooves (192). The end of the guide plate (16) is provided with an arc groove (162) that cooperates with the semi-circular groove (191), and the guide plate (16) is provided with a first slider (163) that cooperates with the first sliding groove (192).

9. A needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper end face of the guide plate (16) is provided with a second baffle (161) at the rear end of the second outlet (14).

10. A needle-shaped fertilizer screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A first baffle (151) is provided at the top of the end of the directional plate (15) away from the screen (12).

11. A screening method based on the needle-shaped fertilizer screening device as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The needle-shaped fertilizer first enters the adjusting plate (15), so that the needle-shaped fertilizer enters the screen (12) in a horizontal position; S2. On the inclined screen (12), the needle-shaped fertilizer moves downward under the action of gravity. During the movement, the broken needle-shaped fertilizer and powder are screened onto the guide plate (16) and discharged from the second outlet (14); most of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer is trapped on the screen (12) and discharged from the first outlet (13); some of the regular needle-shaped fertilizer is stuck into the mesh of the screen (12); when the needle-shaped fertilizer moves downward on the screen (12), the leveling and tidying mechanism levels and tidies the needle-shaped fertilizer to ensure the screening effect. S3. When the needle-shaped fertilizer is stuck on the screen (12), stop feeding, start the lifting mechanism, adjust the tilt angle of the screening unit, so that one end of the screening unit with the adjustment plate (15) rotates around the other end, so that the needle-shaped fertilizer stuck in the mesh falls onto the guide plate (16) and is discharged from the second outlet (14).

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