Wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and a design method thereof. The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna comprises a feeder line (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a floor layer (3), a feed slot (4), a bottom dielectric resonator (5), a top dielectric resonator (6) and a metal insert (7), and the feeder line is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; the floor layer is attached to and covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a feed slot is etched in the center of the floor layer; the bottom dielectric resonator is fixed on the upper surface of the floor layer, and is positioned at the center of the floor layer and above the feed slot; the top layer dielectric resonator is fixed above the bottom layer dielectric resonator, and the metal insertion sheet is arranged in the bottom layer dielectric resonator or the top layer dielectric resonator. The two dielectric resonators are stacked together, so that the two dielectric resonators are respectively excited to form two odd and even high-order modes with complementary radiation patterns under single excitation, the beam width of the antenna is expanded through superposition of the radiation patterns, and the application requirements of the wide-beam antenna are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern wireless communication systems, such as security systems, active phased arrays, and intelligent transportation, antenna beamwidth is a crucial performance metric. In recent years, extensive research and engineering efforts have focused on improving antenna beamwidth characteristics. Among these, dipole antennas and patch antennas have received considerable attention. However, in the millimeter-wave band, the skin effect of metals becomes more pronounced with increasing frequency, leading to increased ohmic losses in metallic antennas like patch and dipole antennas, resulting in reduced radiation efficiency. In contrast, dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) have a radiation structure made of low-loss dielectric materials, eliminating conductor and surface wave losses, thus effectively improving radiation efficiency. Therefore, DRAs are more suitable for millimeter-wave applications. Furthermore, DRAs offer advantages such as increased gain, extended bandwidth, miniaturization, and high design flexibility.

[0003] In recent years, the requirements for antenna beamwidth have become increasingly stringent in applications such as satellite communication and phased array radar. However, since dielectric resonator antennas have multiple operating modes, these modes may interfere with each other. Achieving a wide beamwidth requires precise adjustment of the antenna's structural parameters and feeding method, a complex and challenging process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and its design method that can broaden the beamwidth and meet the application requirements of wide-beam antennas, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna, which integrates a microstrip feed structure and a radiating structure. The microstrip feed structure and the radiating structure include: a feed line, a dielectric substrate, a ground plane, a feed slot, a bottom dielectric resonator, a top dielectric resonator, and a metal insert. The feed line is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. The ground plane is bonded to and covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a feed slot is etched at the center of the ground plane. The bottom dielectric resonator is fixed to the upper surface of the ground plane and is located at the center of the ground plane and above the feed slot. The top dielectric resonator is fixed above the bottom dielectric resonator, and the metal insert is disposed in the bottom dielectric resonator or the top dielectric resonator.

[0006] For example, the feed line is a T-type microstrip feed line used for transmitting radio frequency signals; The dielectric substrate provides physical support for the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and provides electrical isolation between the feed line and the ground plane.

[0007] For example, the bottom dielectric resonator is a rectangular dielectric resonator; the top dielectric resonator is a rectangular dielectric resonator.

[0008] For example, the feed slot adopts an H-shaped feed slot to achieve slot-coupled power feeding.

[0009] For example, the metal insert is used to control the generation of higher-order odd modes within the bottom dielectric resonator or the top dielectric resonator, and to extend the antenna beamwidth.

[0010] For example, the number of metal inserts is two, and the two metal inserts are arranged symmetrically.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a design method for a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna, the method being used to design a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna as described in any one of claims, the method comprising: Select the material and thickness of the dielectric substrate, as well as the materials of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator; Determine the dimensions of the feed lines and feed slots, as well as the floor material; Determine the operating frequency and operating mode of the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna; The dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator are preliminarily determined based on the dielectric waveguide model. A model of a stacked dielectric resonator antenna with a wide beam is obtained by modeling the antenna. Based on the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model, the dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator are optimized respectively.

[0012] For example, the method further includes: Based on the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model, the side lengths of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator are optimized, as are the positions and side lengths of the metal inserts within the bottom dielectric resonator or the top dielectric resonator.

[0013] The aforementioned wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and its design method integrate a microstrip feed structure and a radiating structure on the antenna. The microstrip feed structure and radiating structure include: a feed line, a dielectric substrate, a ground plane, a feed slot, a bottom dielectric resonator, a top dielectric resonator, and a metal insert. The feed line is located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; the ground plane is bonded to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a feed slot is etched at the center of the ground plane; the bottom dielectric resonator is fixed to the upper surface of the ground plane, located at the center of the ground plane and above the feed slot; the top dielectric resonator is fixed above the bottom dielectric resonator; and the metal insert is disposed within either the bottom or top dielectric resonator. This simplifies the overall antenna structure, making it easier to design and optimize. Furthermore, by adjusting the dimensions, two rectangular dielectric resonators can be excited to produce two complementary odd and even higher-order modes with complementary radiation patterns under a single excitation. By superimposing the radiation patterns of the two dielectric resonators, the deficiencies of a single resonator in the radiation pattern are compensated, thereby widening the beamwidth. This application overcomes the problem of excessively narrow beamwidth in current dielectric resonator antennas. A wide-beam antenna with good radiation characteristics can be obtained simply by adjusting and optimizing the size of the dielectric resonator without adding any additional loading structure. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Three-dimensional view of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna structure and related parameter annotations; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view of the feed line and feed slot of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna, along with related parameter annotations; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna design method provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a TEy221 mode electric field distribution diagram of the bottom dielectric resonator of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 6This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of the TEx311 mode of the top dielectric resonator of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is the E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the bottom dielectric resonator of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 8 The above are the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the top dielectric resonator of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a diagram of the S11 parameters of a stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is the E-plane radiation pattern of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application at an operating frequency of 27 GHz, showing cross-polarization and coplanar polarization. Figure 11 The H-plane radiation pattern of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application at an operating frequency of 27 GHz, showing cross-polarization and coplanar polarization. Figure 12 The H-plane radiation patterns (in Cartesian coordinates) of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application at 26.8 GHz, 27 GHz, and 27.2 GHz.

[0016] In the diagram: 1 is the feed line, 2 is the dielectric substrate, 3 is the ground plane, 4 is the feed slot, 5 is the bottom dielectric resonator, 6 is the top dielectric resonator, and 7 is the metal insert. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0018] To address the issue of narrow beamwidth in current dielectric resonator antennas, this application aims to provide a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and its design method. By stacking two rectangular dielectric resonators and adjusting and optimizing their dimensions, the two resonators are excited to produce two complementary odd and even higher-order modes with complementary radiation patterns under a single excitation. By superimposing the radiation patterns of the two dielectric resonators, the deficiencies of a single resonator in the radiation pattern are compensated, thereby widening the beamwidth and meeting the application requirements of wide-beam antennas.

[0019] For example, Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna provided in one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1As shown, a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna integrates a microstrip feed structure and a radiating structure. The microstrip feed structure and radiating structure include: a feed line 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a ground plane 3, a feed slot 4, a bottom dielectric resonator 5, a top dielectric resonator 6, and a metal insert 7. The feed line 1 is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2. The ground plane 3 is attached to and covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the feed slot 4 is etched in the center of the ground plane 3. The bottom dielectric resonator 5 is fixed to the upper surface of the ground plane 3 and is located at the center of the ground plane 3 and above the feed slot 4. The top dielectric resonator 6 is fixed above the bottom dielectric resonator 5, and the metal insert 7 is disposed in the bottom dielectric resonator 5 or the top dielectric resonator 6.

[0020] For example, feed line 1 is a T-shaped microstrip feed line used to transmit radio frequency signals; dielectric substrate 2 provides physical support for the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and provides electrical isolation between feed line 1 and ground plane 3.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the feed line 1 is made of copper; the dielectric substrate 2 is a printed circuit board made of Rogers RO5880 with a relative permittivity of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of 0.381 mm; the ground plane 3 is made of copper; the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6 are made of Rogers RO3010 with a relative permittivity of 10.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0023; and the metal insert 7 is made of copper.

[0022] For example, the bottom dielectric resonator 5 is a rectangular dielectric resonator; the top dielectric resonator 6 is a rectangular dielectric resonator.

[0023] For example, feed slot 4 adopts an H-shaped feed slot to achieve slot-coupled power feeding.

[0024] For example, the metal insert 7 is used to control the generation of higher-order odd modes within the bottom dielectric resonator 5 or the top dielectric resonator 6, and to extend the antenna beamwidth.

[0025] In this embodiment, the metal insert 7 is disposed inside the top dielectric resonator 6. This metal insert 7 enables the generation of higher-order odd modes within the resonator and expands the antenna beamwidth. When the metal insert 7 is located inside the bottom dielectric resonator 5, the implementation process and technical effects are similar.

[0026] For example, there are two metal inserts 7, and the two metal inserts are arranged symmetrically.

[0027] In this embodiment, the stacked dielectric resonator antenna is fed by feed line 1. Electromagnetic wave energy is coupled and conducted to the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6 through the feed slot 4 of the ground plane 3. The electromagnetic signal resonates in the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6, and the electric field and magnetic field excite each other and propagate outward.

[0028] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the length of the top dielectric resonator 6 ( The thickness is 2.9mm, and the width is ( The thickness is 5.9mm, and the height is ( The length of the bottom dielectric resonator 5 is 1.7mm. The thickness is 5.3mm, and the width is ( The thickness is 5.9mm, and the height is ( The thickness is 1.6mm; the height of the metal insert 7 is ( The value is 0.7mm.

[0029] It should be noted that in the above dimension descriptions, "length" refers to the dimension in the x-axis direction of the attached drawing, "width" refers to the dimension in the y-axis direction of the attached drawing, and "height" refers to the dimension in the z-axis direction of the attached drawing.

[0030] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown in Table 1, the specific dimensions of the relevant parameters of the feed line 1 and feed slot 4 of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna are as follows: Table 1 The working principle of the aforementioned wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna is as follows: two rectangular dielectric resonators are stacked together and can be simultaneously excited by a single feeding structure; under the excitation of a 27GHz radio frequency signal, the bottom dielectric resonator is excited to emit a TE signal. x 311 The top dielectric resonator is excited to produce TE. y 211 The two working modes complement each other, TE x 311 The mode possesses omnidirectional side-projection within the yoz plane, while TE y 221 This compensates for the deficiency of oblique radiation in the xoz plane. The superposition of excitation from two different operating modes compensates for the deficiencies of a single resonator in the radiation pattern, thereby widening the beamwidth and realizing a wide-beam antenna.

[0031] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown in the embodiments of this application, a design method for a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna is provided. This method is used to design... Figure 1 The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna shown in the method includes the following steps: S1. Select the material and thickness of the dielectric substrate and the material of the dielectric resonator.

[0032] In this design, dielectric resonators are typically made of materials with a high dielectric constant. In some embodiments, the dielectric resonator may be made of ceramic with a dielectric constant of approximately 10.

[0033] S2. Determine the dimensions of the feed line and feed slot, as well as the floor material.

[0034] In some embodiments, the feeder may be straight.

[0035] In other embodiments, the feed slot may be circular or annular.

[0036] S3. Determine the working frequency and working mode; To obtain the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna, the operating modes of the bottom and top dielectric resonators should satisfy the following characteristics: 1) They have complementary orientation patterns; 2) It can exist in a dielectric resonator antenna on the ground plane; 3) It can be excited simultaneously by a single power supply structure.

[0037] S4. Based on the dielectric waveguide model (DWM), the dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator are initially determined.

[0038] Optionally, for a rectangular dielectric resonator placed on a metal floor, let the relative permittivity of the dielectric resonator be... The side lengths along the x, y, and z axes are a, b, and d, respectively. According to the DWM method, for the working mode... The resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is related to its size as follows: In the formula, c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in free space. It is the operating frequency. , and These are the propagation constants in the x, y, and z directions. Represents the wavenumber of propagation in the medium. Indicates the wavenumber in the y-direction. This represents the wavenumber in the z-direction. Based on the operating frequency and operating mode, the dimensions of the rectangular dielectric resonator can be preliminarily determined using the above formula.

[0039] S5. Modeling and simulation to optimize the dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator respectively.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, a rectangular resonator antenna model with slot-coupled feeding is established using Ansys HFSS software, and the size parameters of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator initially calculated in S4 are substituted into the model. Based on the simulated antenna radiation pattern and S... 11 The dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator and the top dielectric resonator are optimized using parameters such as [parameter name missing].

[0041] S6. Establish a complete model of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna and optimize the size of the dielectric resonator through simulation.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, a complete stacked dielectric resonator antenna model is established using Ansys HFSS software, and the dimensions of the bottom and top dielectric resonators obtained in S5 are substituted into the model. Since the bottom and top dielectric resonators are stacked together, their electric fields will influence each other; therefore, the dielectric resonator dimensions obtained in S5 are not optimal. Based on the antenna radiation pattern obtained from the complete model simulation and S... 11 Further optimization of the dielectric resonator size is achieved by adjusting parameters such as these.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, the underlying dielectric resonator uses TE. y 221 Operating mode, the top dielectric resonator adopts TE x 311 The two operating modes are complementary. The TE of the underlying dielectric resonator... y 221 Mode and TE of top dielectric resonator x 311 The electric field distribution diagrams of the models are as follows: Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown. From Figure 6 As can be seen from TE x 311 The mode possesses omnidirectional side-projection within the yoz plane, while TE y 221 This compensates for its deficiency in oblique radiation within the xoz plane. By superimposing complementary radiation modes, the antenna beam can be extended.

[0044] In this embodiment, the material and thickness of the dielectric substrate 2, as well as the materials of the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6, are selected; the dimensions of the feed line 1 and the feed slot 4, and the material of the ground plane 3 are determined; the operating frequency and operating mode of the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna are determined; the dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6 are initially determined based on the dielectric waveguide model; the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna is modeled to obtain the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model; and the dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6 are optimized based on the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model.

[0045] For example, the above method may further include: optimizing the side lengths of the bottom dielectric resonator 5 and the top dielectric resonator 6 respectively according to the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model, and optimizing the position and side length of the metal insert 7 in the bottom dielectric resonator 5 or the top dielectric resonator 6.

[0046] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the E-plane pattern of the bottom dielectric resonator has significant dips near 41° and 319°, and the H-plane pattern has significant dips near 28°, 147°, 210°, and 334°.

[0047] like Figure 8 As shown, the E-plane radiation pattern of the top-layer dielectric resonator exhibits low gain in the range of 90° to 270°, while the H-plane radiation pattern shows low gain in the range of 120° to 240°, with a significant dip near 191°. The bottom-layer and top-layer dielectric resonators have complementary radiation patterns.

[0048] like Figure 9 As shown, the reflection coefficient dB value is below -10 in the 26.77~27.56 GHz range, and this unique resonant mode is determined by TE. x 311 The mode excitation is obtained, and for a dielectric resonator placed on a metal floor, the even mode TE is... x 212 It cannot be excited, which makes the stacked dielectric resonator antenna a narrow bandwidth antenna.

[0049] contrast Figure 7 , 8 and Figure 10 It can be seen that the radiation pattern of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna has a larger beamwidth than that of a single rectangular dielectric resonator, with a 3dB beamwidth of 165° (277.78°~82.36°) in the E plane.

[0050] contrast Figure 7 , 8 and Figure 11It can be seen that the radiation pattern of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna has a larger beamwidth compared to that of a single rectangular dielectric resonator, with a 3dB beamwidth of 205° (257.32°~102.55°) in the H-plane; from Figure 10 and Figure 11 As can be seen, the radiation pattern of cross-polarization is at least 15 dB smaller than that of coplanar polarization.

[0051] like Figure 12 As shown, the antenna has an H-plane beamwidth of ±103° and exhibits a consistent radiation pattern at different frequencies, demonstrating good radiation characteristics.

[0052] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that, The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna integrates a microstrip feeding structure and a radiating structure, which include: a feed line (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a ground plane (3), a feed slot (4), a bottom dielectric resonator (5), a top dielectric resonator (6), and a metal insert (7); wherein, the feed line (1) is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (2); the ground plane (3) is attached to and covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (2), and the center of the ground plane (3) is etched with a feed slot (4); the bottom dielectric resonator (5) is fixed to the upper surface of the ground plane (3) and is located at the center of the ground plane (3) and above the feed slot (4); the top dielectric resonator (6) is fixed above the bottom dielectric resonator (5), and the metal insert (7) is disposed in the bottom dielectric resonator (5) or the top dielectric resonator (6).

2. The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed line (1) is a T-type microstrip feed line used for transmitting radio frequency signals; The dielectric substrate (2) provides physical support for the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna and provides electrical isolation between the feed line (1) and the ground plane (3).

3. The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom dielectric resonator (5) is a rectangular dielectric resonator; The top-layer dielectric resonator (6) is a rectangular dielectric resonator.

4. The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed slot (4) adopts an H-shaped feed slot to achieve slot coupling power supply.

5. The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal insert (7) is used to control the generation of higher-order odd modes in the bottom dielectric resonator (5) or the top dielectric resonator (6) and to expand the antenna beamwidth.

6. The wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of metal inserts (7) is two, and the two metal inserts are arranged symmetrically.

7. A design method for a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that, The method is used to design a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising: Select the material and thickness of the dielectric substrate (2), as well as the materials of the bottom dielectric resonator (5) and the top dielectric resonator (6); Determine the dimensions of the feed line (1) and feed slot (4), as well as the material of the floor layer (3); Determine the operating frequency and operating mode of the wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna; The dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator (5) and the top dielectric resonator (6) are initially determined based on the dielectric waveguide model; A model of a stacked dielectric resonator antenna with a wide beam is obtained by modeling the antenna. Based on the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model, the dimensions of the bottom dielectric resonator (5) and the top dielectric resonator (6) are optimized respectively.

8. The design method for a wide-beam stacked dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the stacked dielectric resonator antenna model, the side lengths of the bottom dielectric resonator (5) and the top dielectric resonator (6) are optimized respectively, as are the positions and side lengths of the metal inserts (7) in the bottom dielectric resonator (5) or the top dielectric resonator (6).

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