Normal-pressure low-speed waste heat steam power generation system based on high-temperature PEMFC and working method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature PEMFC-based normal-pressure low-speed waste heat steam power generation system and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell waste heat steam recovery, friction power generation and moisture power generation. The power generation system comprises a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module arranged in the temperature and humidity regulation box, a water vapor conveying pipeline arranged outside the temperature and humidity regulation box, a non-contact heating pipeline arranged outside the temperature and humidity regulation box, a high-temperature PEMFC module connected into the temperature and humidity regulation box through a gas conveying pipeline, and a condensation module connected into the temperature and humidity regulation box through a gas conveying pipeline. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module comprises a ceramic pore channel, a first metal porous positive electrode, an aerogel layer, a metal porous negative electrode, a porous insulating layer, a second metal porous positive electrode, a hydrogel layer and a porous inert electrode which are sequentially attached from bottom to top. By combining the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, the high-temperature PEMFC module and the condensation module, the low-speed normal-pressure waste hot water vapor can be utilized for stable power generation without additional energy input.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of fuel cell waste heat steam recovery, triboelectric power generation, and wet gas power generation technology. Specifically, it relates to a high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system and its working method, and in particular, a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation system and its working method based on the direct utilization of high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production and daily life, the generated water vapor contains heat and moisture, making it highly valuable for reuse. However, the high pressure and temperature requirements of power generation methods such as turbines limit the reuse of atmospheric pressure water vapor. Current atmospheric pressure water vapor reuse technologies typically rely on large, energy-intensive facilities such as pressurization equipment and storage tanks, increasing the burden of energy conversion due to the additional investment in large equipment and energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a simple, efficient, and green energy utilization technology that can directly convert waste hot water steam into electricity.

[0003] High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs, operating at temperatures ranging from 120 to 200°C) generate a large amount of waste hot water vapor (temperature range 80 to 100°C) at atmospheric pressure during the power generation process. This steam has a low velocity and low pressure, making it difficult to directly apply to traditional power generation methods. It typically requires heat exchange, steam recompression, and gas nozzle acceleration to indirectly drive turbines and other equipment to generate electricity, resulting in complex equipment construction and low energy efficiency.

[0004] Triboelectric power generation and wet power generation technologies can directly generate electricity using the heat and moisture of water vapor. However, these technologies are highly dependent on the pore structure of materials and the humidity gradient. To improve power generation efficiency and long-term performance, it is necessary to flexibly desorb and adsorb moisture to reset the humidity gradient, coordinate the compatibility of water vapor temperature with the operating temperature range of wet power generation devices, and optimize the integration method of transporting waste hot water vapor to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module to avoid problems such as damage to the structure of the wet power generation device, uneven airflow distribution, and condensate accumulation clogging the pores.

[0005] Currently, the relevant existing technologies include: A Chinese patent application with publication number CN102705023A discloses a cryogenic steam power generation system, comprising: a turbine, a generator, a liquid evaporator, and a gas cooler. The liquid evaporator is located in a first temperature environment and is used to convert a liquid medium into a steam medium. The steam medium is injected through a gas nozzle onto the turbine blades to drive the turbine to generate electricity. The steam medium passing through the turbine enters the gas cooler, which is located in a second temperature environment, thereby liquefying the steam medium into a liquid medium. The liquid medium enters the liquid evaporator through a pipe. The steam generator system also includes a vacuum system, which keeps the liquid evaporator, turbine, and gas cooler in a vacuum-sealed low-pressure environment so that the liquid medium generates steam at a temperature below the boiling point at atmospheric pressure. The first temperature is higher than room temperature, while the second temperature is equal to or lower than room temperature. This system reduces vapor pressure through a vacuum system and uses gas nozzles to inject vapor onto turbine blades to drive the turbine to generate electricity. It solves the problem of utilizing low-temperature vapor, but still relies on turbine power generation, requiring additional pressurization and acceleration equipment. It still uses inefficient mechanical energy to generate electricity while ignoring the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy, and does not avoid problems such as energy waste, structural complexity and mechanical wear of blades.

[0006] A Chinese patent document with publication number CN111600511A discloses a method for fabricating a water-based photovoltaic and moisture-generating device based on one-dimensional carboxylated carbon materials. The method first disperses one-dimensional carboxylated carbon materials of different sizes in a solvent to obtain a slurry; then, it coats a substrate with the slurry of one-dimensional carboxylated carbon materials of different sizes from bottom to top, with the size of the one-dimensional carboxylated carbon materials gradually increasing from bottom to top. After drying, a water-based photovoltaic and moisture-generating device based on one-dimensional carboxylated carbon materials is obtained. This method, by coating a substrate with one-dimensional carboxylated carbon material slurry of different sizes from bottom to top, with the size of the one-dimensional carboxylated carbon materials gradually increasing from bottom to top, and then drying, can spontaneously generate electricity through capillary action and moisture absorption. However, this patent relies solely on weak and uncontrollable moisture evaporation to reduce the moisture in the device to restore its water absorption capacity and humidity gradient, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term cyclic use. Furthermore, it has time limitations and cannot flexibly switch between power generation and water extraction functions.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to build a system that can directly convert low-speed, atmospheric-pressure waste heat steam into electricity without additional energy input, moving parts, or complex processes, and can be used flexibly and in the long term without energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system and its operating method.

[0009] The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system provided by the present invention includes: a high-temperature PEMFC module, a non-contact heating pipe, a steam conveying pipe, a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, a condensation module, an energy storage module, a temperature and humidity control box, a transmission circuit, and a gas conveying pipeline. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module is installed inside the temperature and humidity control box; The steam delivery pipeline and the non-contact heating pipeline are located outside the temperature and humidity control box; The high-temperature PEMFC module is connected to the gas delivery pipeline. The gas output from the high-temperature PEMFC module is diverted to the non-contact heating pipeline and the steam delivery pipeline through the valve on the gas delivery pipeline. One end of the steam conveying pipe is connected to the gas conveying pipe, and the other end of the steam conveying pipe passes through the through hole at the bottom of the temperature and humidity control box and is connected to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module. The non-contact heating pipe is located below the temperature and humidity control box to heat the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module. The high-temperature PEMFC module and the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module are connected to the energy storage module through a transmission circuit. The temperature and humidity control box is located above the side wall of the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module and has multiple vent holes. One of the vent holes is sealed to the condensation module. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module is provided in multiple ways. Each gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module includes: ceramic channels, a first metal porous anode, an aerogel layer, a metal porous cathode, a porous insulating layer, a second metal porous anode, a hydrogel layer, and a porous inert electrode, which are connected in sequence from bottom to top.

[0010] Preferably, the pore size of the three layers of material—ceramic channel, aerogel layer, and hydrogel layer—decreases sequentially, while their water absorption gradually increases.

[0011] Preferably, in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, the first porous metal anode and the porous metal cathode form an electrostatic induction electrode pair, and an aerogel layer is attached between them; the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module realizes electrostatic induction power generation through the first porous metal anode, the aerogel layer and the porous metal cathode. The second porous metal anode and the porous inert electrode form a diffusion humidity electrode pair, and a hydrogel layer is attached between the second porous metal anode and the porous inert electrode; the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module realizes diffusion humidity power generation through the second porous metal anode, the hydrogel layer and the porous inert electrode.

[0012] Preferably, a porous insulating layer is bonded between the porous metal cathode and the second porous metal anode; The hydrogel layer adsorbs water from the waste heat steam gas produced by the high-temperature PEMFC module and water from the aerogel layer, forming a humidity gradient and a cation concentration gradient in the hydrogel layer from bottom to top.

[0013] Preferably, the multiple gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules are arranged in an array, and the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules in a single row are connected in series, while the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules between rows are connected in parallel. The electrostatic induction electrode pair and the diffused humidity electrode pair are respectively connected to the transmission circuit and the switch; The first porous metal anode, the porous metal cathode, the second porous metal anode, and the porous inert electrode are respectively connected to the energy storage module through a transmission circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the first porous metal anode, the porous metal cathode, and the second porous metal anode are all porous metal electrodes; The porous metal electrode is made of one of the following materials: gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, silver, or alloy materials. The porous structure of the metal porous electrode is one or more of circular holes, square holes, and polygonal holes; The aerogel layer is an aerogel composite material, which is one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic framework, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The hydrogel layer is a hydrogel composite material, which is one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic framework, hygroscopic salt, and crosslinking agent; The porous insulating layer material is one of polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene; The porous inert electrode material is one of graphite or carbon-based materials.

[0015] Preferably, the high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system further includes: a water storage module and a condensate delivery pipeline. The condensation module includes: a first finned condenser and a second finned condenser; One end of the first finned condenser is connected to the temperature and humidity control box through a vent hole on the side wall of the temperature and humidity control box, and the other end of the first finned condenser is connected to the water storage module through a condensate delivery pipeline. One end of the second finned condenser is connected to a non-contact heating pipe via a gas delivery pipeline, and the other end is connected to a water storage module via a condensate delivery pipeline.

[0016] Preferably, all the holes in the wall of the temperature and humidity control box are sealed to the water vapor delivery pipe, the first finned condenser, the gas delivery pipe, and the transmission circuit lines passing through the holes.

[0017] The present invention provides a high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system and its operating method, comprising: a power generation method and a humidity gradient reset method. The power generation method includes: Step SE1: Close the valve of the non-contact heating pipeline and open the valve of the steam delivery pipeline; adjust the opening degree of the valve of the steam delivery pipeline. Step SE2: Water vapor from the outlet of the high-temperature PEMFC module is transported to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module. After being uniformly dispersed through ceramic channels, it comes into full contact with the aerogel layer and hydrogel layer in sequence. Through the electrostatic induction electrode pair and the diffusion humidity electrode pair in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, as well as the external circuit, a circuit is formed to complete power generation.

[0018] Preferably, the humidity gradient reset method includes: Step SW1: Open the valve of the non-contact heating pipeline and close the valve of the steam delivery pipeline; Step SW2: Suspend the water vapor supply at the outlet of the high-temperature PEMFC module and use a non-contact heating pipe to heat the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module in the temperature and humidity control box; Step SW3: The water vapor desorbed from the temperature and humidity control chamber is condensed in the first finned condenser, and the resulting liquid water droplets are transported to the water storage module through the condensate delivery pipeline to complete the humidity gradient reset.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention introduces a specially constructed gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, which can fully utilize the heat and moisture of high-temperature PEMFC low-speed atmospheric pressure waste hot water steam to generate electricity without additional energy input, moving parts and complex processes. 2. This invention completes the drainage of water in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module by resetting the humidity gradient. It can reset the humidity gradient and water absorption capacity of the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, and can collect the remaining water resources. It has recyclability and good energy conversion efficiency. 3. This invention employs a multi-layer composite structure in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module, which couples the gradient pore structure, different material properties and power generation mechanism. This is beneficial for the uniform contact between waste heat steam and the aerogel layer and hydrogel layer, for reducing the impact of condensate on the gel structure and performance, and for maintaining the humidity gradient, resulting in high stability and energy efficiency. 4. The present invention uses regenerated cellulose as the basic material for the aerogel layer and hydrogel layer, which has good degradability and is environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-temperature PEMFC atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system and its working method according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module of the present invention.

[0021] The diagram shows: a high-temperature PEMFC module 1; an energy storage module 2; a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3; a first finned condenser 4; a water storage module 5; a second finned condenser 6; a condensation module 7; a non-contact heating pipe 8; a steam conveying pipe 9; a ceramic channel 10; a first porous metal anode 11; an aerogel layer 12; a porous metal cathode 13; a porous insulating layer 14; a second porous metal anode 15; a hydrogel layer 16; a porous inert electrode 17; and a temperature and humidity control chamber 18. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a high-temperature PEMFC-based low-speed waste heat steam power generation system. Specifically, it is a system that uses low-speed, normal-pressure steam from the outlet of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to directly convert waste heat steam into electrical energy through a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module.

[0024] The high-temperature PEMFC-based low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: a high-temperature PEMFC module 1, a non-contact heating pipe 8, a steam conveying pipe 9, a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3, a condensation module 7, a water storage module 5, an energy storage module 2, a temperature and humidity control box 18, a transmission circuit, a gas conveying pipeline, and a condensate conveying pipeline. The aforementioned high-temperature PEMFC module 1 and gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 are connected to the energy storage module 2 via a transmission circuit. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 is housed inside the temperature and humidity control chamber 18. The steam delivery pipe 9 and the non-contact heating pipe 8 are located outside the temperature and humidity control chamber 18. Specifically, one end of the steam delivery pipe 9 is connected to the main gas delivery pipe, and the other end of the steam delivery pipe 9 passes through a tiny through-hole at the bottom of the temperature and humidity control chamber 18 and connects to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3. More specifically, this tiny hole only allows the steam delivery pipe 9 connected to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 to pass through, and the gap between the pipe and the tiny hole is sealed. The non-contact heating pipe 8 is arranged in an S-shape below the temperature and humidity control chamber 18 to heat the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3. The high-temperature PEMFC module 1 is connected to the main gas delivery pipe of the power generation system of this invention. The gas output from the high-temperature PEMFC module 1 is diverted through a valve on the main gas delivery pipe to the non-contact heating pipe 8 and the steam delivery pipe 9.

[0025] Furthermore, the upper part of the temperature and humidity control box 18, which is higher than the top side wall of the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3, has multiple vent holes. One of these vent holes is connected to the condensation module 7, and the two must be sealed. Specifically, one of the vent holes is tightly connected to the condensation module 7.

[0026] Furthermore, the condensation module 7 includes a first finned condenser 4 and a second finned condenser 6. One end of the first finned condenser 4 is connected to the temperature and humidity control chamber 18 through a vent hole on the side wall of the temperature and humidity control chamber 18, and the other end of the first finned condenser 4 is connected to the water storage module 5 through a condensate delivery pipeline. One end of the second finned condenser 6 is connected to the non-contact heating pipe 8 through a gas delivery pipeline, and the other end is connected to the water storage module 5 through a condensate delivery pipeline. In a more specific embodiment, the water storage module 5 can be simplified to a water collection tank.

[0027] Multiple gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules 3 are provided, and the multiple gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules 3 are arranged in an array. Each gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 is regarded as a wet gas generator, and the multiple gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules 3 arranged in the array are integrated into a wet gas power generation group. Furthermore, the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules 3 in a single row are connected in series, and the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules 3 between rows are connected in parallel.

[0028] like Figure 2The diagram shows a single gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 includes: two sets of electrodes and three material layers; the two sets of electrodes are: an electrostatic induction electrode pair and a diffusion humidity electrode pair; the three material layers include: ceramic channels 10, an aerogel layer 12 obtained by directional freezing, and a hydrogel layer 16.

[0029] The electrostatic induction electrode pair includes: a first porous metal anode 11 and a porous metal cathode 13; an aerogel layer 12 is tightly attached between the first porous metal anode 11 and the porous metal cathode 13 above it; the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 realizes electrostatic induction power generation through the first porous metal anode 11, the aerogel layer 12 and the porous metal cathode 13. The diffusion humidity electrode pair includes a second porous metal anode 15 and an upper porous inert electrode 17. A hydrogel layer 16 is tightly bonded between the second porous metal anode 15 and the upper porous inert electrode 17. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 achieves diffusion humidity power generation through the second porous metal anode 15, the hydrogel layer 16, and the porous inert electrode 17. The hydrogel layer 16 adsorbs water from the waste heat steam gas flow produced by the high-temperature PEMFC module 1 and water from the aerogel layer 12, forming a humidity gradient and a cation concentration gradient in the hydrogel layer 16 from bottom to top. A porous insulating layer 14 is tightly bonded between the porous metal cathode 13 of the electrostatic induction electrode pair and the second porous metal anode 15 of the humidity electrode pair. The aforementioned ceramic channel 10 is disposed at the bottom of the entire gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3, and the ceramic channel 10 is bonded to the first porous metal anode 11.

[0030] Furthermore, the two sets of electrodes are respectively connected to the transmission circuit and the switch; wherein, the first porous metal anode 11, the porous metal cathode 13, the second porous metal anode 15, and the porous inert electrode 17 are respectively connected to the energy storage module 2 through the transmission circuit. More specifically, the transmission circuit connecting the electrode pairs is led out from a tiny hole in the side wall of the temperature and humidity control chamber 18. This tiny hole only allows the transmission circuit wires connecting the electrode pairs to pass through, and the gap between the wires and the tiny hole is sealed.

[0031] More specifically, the first porous metal anode 11, the porous metal cathode 13, and the second porous metal anode 15 are all porous metal electrodes. The preferred material for these porous metal electrodes is one of gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, silver, or alloy materials, and their porous structure is one or more of circular pores, square pores, or polygonal pores. The aerogel layer 12 is an aerogel composite material, preferably one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic frameworks, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The hydrogel layer 16 is a hydrogel composite material, preferably one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic frameworks, hygroscopic salts, and crosslinking agents. The porous insulating layer 14 is preferably made of polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polytetrafluoroethylene. The porous inert electrode 17 is preferably made of graphite or a carbon-based material.

[0032] The present invention also provides a power generation method based on a high-temperature PEMFC atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to the present invention, comprising: Step SE1: The valve of the non-contact heating pipe 8 is closed, and the valve of the steam delivery pipe 9 is opened; the opening degree of the valve of the steam delivery pipe 9 can be adjusted according to the steam flow rate required for optimal power generation. Step SE2: Water vapor from the outlet of the high-temperature PEMFC module 1 is transported to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3. After being uniformly dispersed through the ceramic channel 10, it comes into full contact with the aerogel layer 12 and the hydrogel layer 16 in sequence. Through the electrode pair and the external circuit, a circuit is formed, thereby completing the power generation function.

[0033] In the above power generation method, the pore size of the three materials, namely ceramic channel 10, aerogel layer 12, and hydrogel layer 16, decreases sequentially and the water absorption gradually increases. This can reduce the risk of condensation blockage of pores, structural collapse, and material damage caused by direct contact between the aerogel layer and the hydrogel layer and high humidity and high heat steam. It can also effectively control the saturation rate of the water-absorbing material and give full play to the power generation capacity of the material.

[0034] The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3, through its layered structural design, couples the following two power generation mechanisms: Generator Mechanism A: Electrostatic induction power generation is achieved by the first porous metal anode 11, the aerogel layer 12, and the porous metal cathode 13. The principle of electrostatic induction power generation between water vapor and aerogel layer 12 is as follows: Based on the unique porous structure of aerogel and the electrostatic induction effect of the gas-solid interface, energy conversion is achieved through charge transfer and separation caused by the diffusion or flow of water vapor inside the aerogel. When high-temperature water vapor flows through the porous aerogel layer 12, charge transfer occurs between the vapor molecules and the surface of the aerogel nanopores due to the difference in electron affinity (e.g., the modified aerogel surface captures electrons and becomes negatively charged, while water molecules lose electrons and become positively charged). Subsequently, the vapor flow promotes charge separation, forming a potential difference between the two sides of the structure in close contact with the aerogel layer 12: the first metal porous anode 11 and the metal porous cathode 13. The high specific surface area and hierarchical pore structure of the aerogel significantly increase the contact sites, while continuous vapor flow or humidity gradient drive can maintain dynamic charge balance. The waste heat vapor kinetic energy is directly converted into electrical energy through the transmission circuit to form a loop.

[0035] Generator Mechanism B: Diffuse humidity power generation is achieved by the second metal porous anode 15, the hydrogel layer 16, and the porous inert electrode 17; Waste heat vapor input from the high-temperature PEMFC module 1 diffuses from the ceramic channels 10 and then diffuses upwards (from high humidity to low humidity) through the aerogel layer 12. A humidity gradient and an ion concentration gradient are formed from the lower side to the upper side of the hydrogel layer 16, generating diffusion potential and current. Moisture in the vapor is adsorbed by hydrophilic functional groups (such as -OH, -COOH, and -SO3H) in the highly hygroscopic hydrogel layer 16. The difference in chemical potential acts as an intrinsic excitation, causing water molecules to undergo a phase transition at the surface of the hydrogel layer 16, changing from gaseous water to liquid water. Oxygen-containing functional groups dissociate, creating a cation gradient and driving the diffusion process (cations move in the direction of moisture diffusion). Electron migration is achieved through a transmission circuit to generate electricity. For hygroscopic gels composed of isotropic functional materials, when moisture is adsorbed on the hygroscopic side of the hydrogel layer 16, proton diffusion is achieved through the moisture difference along the thickness direction of the hydrogel layer 16. To maintain the humidity gradient for a longer period of time and achieve a more ideal power generation effect, an asymmetric hygroscopic structure (such as the gradient distribution of the same functional groups, the layered composite of different materials, etc.) can be introduced. An additional ion concentration gradient can be artificially introduced by adjusting the chemical composition. The diffusion direction of the aerogel layer 12 and the hydrogel layer 16 can also be improved by means of directional freezing to accelerate the diffusion of protons and increase the potential difference.

[0036] This invention also provides a humidity gradient reset method for a high-temperature PEMFC atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system based on the present invention. This humidity gradient reset method can also be referred to as a water intake operation method or a power generation function reset operation method, comprising: Step SW1: Open valve 8 of the non-contact heating pipe and close valve 9 of the steam delivery pipe; Step SW2: Suspend the water vapor supply to the outlet of the high-temperature PEMFC module 1 and use the non-contact heating pipe 8 to heat the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 in the temperature and humidity control box 18; Specifically, this step, by suspending the moisture supply and bottom heating, makes the water adsorbed in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 reach the water desorption temperature and evaporate it, thereby restoring the gel's water absorption capacity and resetting the humidity gradient, so that the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 can be recycled.

[0037] Step SW3: The water vapor desorbed from the temperature and humidity control box 18 condenses upon encountering the first finned condenser 4, and the resulting liquid water droplets are transported to the water storage module 5 through the condensate delivery pipeline to complete the humidity gradient reset, and at the same time complete the water intake and power generation function reset tasks.

[0038] In one variation of the invention, hydrolysis in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3 can be further promoted by adding a fan or pressurizing the vent on the side wall of the temperature and humidity control box. The non-contact heating pipe 8 and the condensation module 7 work together to remove moisture from the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3, resetting the humidity gradient and water absorption capacity. The condensation module 7 condenses the gas into water, and the resulting liquid water flows to the water storage module 5. This system achieves self-sustaining operation of moisture-generated power generation and eliminates limitations imposed by time conditions and other factors.

[0039] In summary, this invention provides a high-temperature PEMFC-based low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system and its operating method. Through a non-contact heating pipe 8, a gas delivery pipe, and a condensation module 7, the system fully utilizes the heat and moisture of high-temperature PEMFC low-speed low-speed waste hot water steam. Power is generated through a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module 3, and the moisture in the module 3 is discharged through the non-contact heating pipe 8 and condensation module 7, resetting the humidity gradient and water absorption capacity. This system is recyclable and has good energy conversion efficiency. Without additional energy input, moving parts, or complex processes, the system generates electricity through a gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module. The porous sandwich structure power generation module 3 directly converts low-speed, atmospheric-pressure waste heat steam into electrical energy, reducing energy waste and simplifying the system structure. Furthermore, by using a multi-layer composite structure in the gradient porous sandwich structure power generation module 3 to couple the gradient porous structure, different material properties, and power generation mechanism, it is beneficial to the uniform contact between waste heat steam and aerogel layer 12 and hydrogel layer 16, to reduce the impact of condensate on the gel structure and performance, and to maintain the humidity gradient, resulting in high stability and energy efficiency. Moreover, the aforementioned aerogel layer 12 and hydrogel layer 16 use regenerated cellulose as the basic material, which has good degradability and is environmentally friendly.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0041] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system, characterized in that, include: High-temperature PEMFC module (1), non-contact heating pipe (8), steam conveying pipe (9), gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3), condensation module (7), energy storage module (2), temperature and humidity control box (18), transmission circuit and gas conveying pipeline; The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) is installed inside the temperature and humidity control box (18); The steam conveying pipe (9) and the non-contact heating pipe (8) are located outside the temperature and humidity control box (18); The high-temperature PEMFC module (1) is connected to the gas delivery pipeline. The gas output from the high-temperature PEMFC module (1) is diverted to the non-contact heating pipeline (8) and the steam delivery pipeline (9) through the valve on the gas delivery pipeline. One end of the steam conveying pipe (9) is connected to the gas conveying pipe, and the other end of the steam conveying pipe (9) passes through the through hole at the bottom of the temperature and humidity control box (18) and is connected to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3). The non-contact heating pipe (8) is located below the temperature and humidity control box (18) to heat the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3); The high-temperature PEMFC module (1) and the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) are connected to the energy storage module (2) through a transmission circuit; The temperature and humidity control box (18) is higher than the side wall of the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) and has multiple ventilation holes. One of the ventilation holes is sealed to the condensation module (7). The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) is provided in multiple ways. Each gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) includes: ceramic channel (10), first metal porous anode (11), aerogel layer (12), metal porous cathode (13), porous insulating layer (14), second metal porous anode (15), hydrogel layer (16), and porous inert electrode (17) connected in sequence from bottom to top.

2. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pore size of the three layers of materials, namely ceramic channel (10), aerogel layer (12), and hydrogel layer (16), decreases sequentially and their water absorption gradually increases.

3. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3), The first porous metal anode (11) and the porous metal cathode (13) form an electrostatic induction electrode pair, and an aerogel layer (12) is attached between them; the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) realizes electrostatic induction power generation through the first porous metal anode (11), the aerogel layer (12) and the porous metal cathode (13); The second metal porous anode (15) and the porous inert electrode (17) constitute a diffusion humidity electrode pair. A hydrogel layer (16) is attached between the second metal porous anode (15) and the porous inert electrode (17). The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) realizes diffusion humidity power generation through the second metal porous anode (15), the hydrogel layer (16), and the porous inert electrode (17).

4. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A porous insulating layer (14) is attached between the metal porous negative electrode (13) and the second metal porous positive electrode (15). The hydrogel layer (16) adsorbs water from the waste heat steam gas produced by the high-temperature PEMFC module (1) and water from the aerogel layer (12), forming a humidity gradient and a cation concentration gradient in the hydrogel layer (16) from bottom to top.

5. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules (3) are arranged in an array. The gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules (3) in a single row are connected in series, and the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation modules (3) between rows are connected in parallel. The electrostatic induction electrode pair and the diffused humidity electrode pair are respectively connected to the transmission circuit and the switch; The first porous metal anode (11), the porous metal cathode (13), the second porous metal anode (15), and the porous inert electrode (17) are respectively connected to the energy storage module (2) through the transmission circuit.

6. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first porous metal anode (11), the porous metal cathode (13), and the second porous metal anode (15) are all porous metal electrodes; The porous metal electrode is made of one of the following materials: gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, silver, or alloy materials. The porous structure of the metal porous electrode is one or more of circular holes, square holes, and polygonal holes; The aerogel layer (12) is an aerogel composite material, which is one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic framework, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The hydrogel layer (16) is a hydrogel composite material, which is one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic framework, hygroscopic salt, and crosslinking agent; The porous insulating layer (14) is made of one of polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene. The porous inert electrode (17) is made of either graphite or carbon-based materials.

7. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Water storage module (5) and condensate delivery pipeline, The condensation module (7) includes: a first finned condenser (4) and a second finned condenser (6). One end of the first finned condenser (4) is connected to the temperature and humidity control box (18) through the vent hole on the side wall of the temperature and humidity control box (18), and the other end of the first finned condenser (4) is connected to the water storage module (5) through the condensate delivery pipeline. One end of the second finned condenser (6) is connected to the non-contact heating pipe (8) through the gas delivery pipe, and the other end is connected to the water storage module (5) through the condensate delivery pipe.

8. The high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, All the holes in the wall of the temperature and humidity control box (18) are sealed to the water vapor conveying pipe (9), the first finned condenser (4), the gas conveying pipe and the transmission circuit passing through the holes.

9. A method for operating a high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, This includes power generation methods and humidity gradient reset methods; The power generation method includes: Step SE1: Close the valve of the non-contact heating pipe (8) and open the valve of the steam delivery pipe (9); adjust the opening degree of the valve of the steam delivery pipe (9); Step SE2: Water vapor from the outlet of the high-temperature PEMFC module (1) is transported to the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3). After being uniformly dispersed through the ceramic channel (10), it comes into full contact with the aerogel layer (12) and the hydrogel layer (16) in sequence. Through the electrostatic induction electrode pair and the diffusion humidity electrode pair in the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) and the external circuit, a circuit is formed to complete the power generation.

10. The operating method of the high-temperature PEMFC-based atmospheric pressure low-speed waste hot water steam power generation system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The humidity gradient reset method includes: Step SW1: Open the valve of the non-contact heating pipe (8) and close the valve of the steam delivery pipe (9); Step SW2: Suspend the water vapor supply at the outlet of the high-temperature PEMFC module (1) and use the non-contact heating pipe (8) to heat the gradient pore sandwich structure power generation module (3) in the temperature and humidity control box (18); Step SW3: The water vapor desorbed from the temperature and humidity control box (18) is condensed in the first finned condenser (4), and the resulting liquid water droplets are transported to the water storage module (5) through the condensate delivery pipeline to complete the humidity gradient reset.

Images