Optical fiber remote system supporting fault diagnosis and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical fiber remote system supporting fault diagnosis and a control method thereof. The system comprises a near-end unit and a far-end unit, the near-end unit receives a 5G NR system signal through an air coupling mode, and is connected with the far-end unit through an optical fiber to complete signal coverage of a coverage area; the near-end unit and the far-end unit are integrated with fault diagnosis modules and are used for collecting equipment operation parameters, identifying abnormal states and providing diagnosis results. According to the system, the fault diagnosis modules are integrated in the near-end unit and the far-end unit, so that equipment can be automatically acquired and fault diagnosis can be carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically to a fiber optic remote extension system and its control method that supports fault diagnosis. Background Technology

[0002] 5G digital fiber optic remote extension systems play a crucial role in modern mobile communication networks due to their low construction cost, simple installation, and flexible networking capabilities. They are particularly important in improving network coverage and quality, serving as an auxiliary means to base station coverage and addressing blind spots or weak signal areas that are difficult for conventional base stations to cover, thus improving network quality. With the continuous evolution and popularization of 5G technology, 5G digital fiber optic remote extension systems will be applied in more fields, such as smart cities, the industrial internet, and telemedicine, further promoting the construction of an information-based and digital society. Simultaneously, with technological innovation, the performance of digital remote extension systems will continue to improve, such as higher gain, lower noise, and stronger anti-interference capabilities, providing users with higher-quality and more stable communication services.

[0003] However, current 5G digital fiber optic remote extension systems face a significant challenge during commissioning, debugging, and maintenance: insufficient technical skills and engineering experience among debugging and maintenance personnel. This technical barrier not only restricts the efficiency of debugging and maintenance but also increases the reliance on specialized skills, thereby negatively impacting the overall project deployment speed and operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fiber optic remote extension system and its control method that support fault diagnosis. This system integrates fault diagnosis modules in the near-end unit and the far-end unit, which can automatically collect data on the equipment and perform fault diagnosis.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis, comprising a near-end unit and a far-end unit; the near-end unit receives 5G NR standard signals via air coupling and is connected to the far-end unit via optical fiber to complete signal coverage of the coverage area; both the near-end unit and the far-end unit integrate a fault diagnosis module for collecting equipment operating parameters, identifying abnormal states, and providing diagnostic results.

[0006] Furthermore, the near-end unit includes filter one, switching switch one, low-noise amplifier one, downconverter one, AD analog-to-digital converter one, power amplifier one, upconverter one, DA digital-to-analog converter one, baseband synchronization module, microcontroller MCU one, fault diagnosis module one, filter two, switching switch two, low-noise amplifier two, downconverter two, AD analog-to-digital converter two, power amplifier two, upconverter two, DA digital-to-analog converter two, duplexer one, low-noise amplifier five, downconverter five, AD analog-to-digital converter five, power amplifier five, upconverter five, DA digital-to-analog converter five, digital signal processor FPGA one, and optical module one; The following components form a 5G NR TDD downlink: Filter 1, Filter 2, Switch 1, Switch 2, Low Noise Amplifier 1, Low Noise Amplifier 2, Down-Converter 1, Down-Converter 2, Analog-to-Digital Converter 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 2, and FPGA 1. The following components form a 5G NR FDD downlink: Duplexer 1, Low Noise Amplifier 5, Down-Converter 5, Analog-to-Digital Converter 5, and FPGA 1. The following components form a 5G NR TDD uplink: FPGA 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 2, Up-Converter 1, Up-Converter 2, Power Amplifier 1, Power Amplifier 2, Switch 1, Switch 2, Filter 1, and Filter 2. The following components form a 5G NR FDD uplink: FPGA 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 5, Up-Converter 5, Power Amplifier 5, and Duplexer 1. The following components form a fault diagnosis module 1, MCU 1, Baseband Synchronization Module, FPGA 1, and Optical Module 1.

[0007] Furthermore, the operating frequency bands of filter one, filter two, and duplexer one are different from each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the remote unit includes filter three, switching switch three, low-noise amplifier three, down-converter three, AD analog-to-digital converter three, power amplifier three, up-converter three, DA digital-to-analog converter three, microcontroller MCU two, fault diagnosis module two, filter four, switching switch four, low-noise amplifier four, down-converter four, AD analog-to-digital converter four, power amplifier four, up-converter four, DA digital-to-analog converter four, duplexer two, low-noise amplifier six, down-converter six, AD analog-to-digital converter six, power amplifier six, up-converter six, DA digital-to-analog converter six, digital signal processor FPGA two, and optical module two; The FPGA II, DA-to-Analog Converter III, DA-to-Analog Converter IV, Up-Converter III, Up-Converter IV, Power Amplifier III, Power Amplifier IV, Switch III, Switch IV, Filter III, and Filter IV constitute the 5G NR TDD downlink; the FPGA II, DA-to-Analog Converter VI, Up-Converter VI, Power Amplifier VI, and Duplexer II constitute the 5G NR FDD downlink; the Filter III, Filter IV, Switch III, Switch IV, Low-Noise Amplifier III, Low-Noise Amplifier IV, Down-Converter III, Down-Converter IV, A / D Converter III, A / D Converter IV, and FPGA II constitute the 5G NR TDD uplink; the Duplexer II, Low-Noise Amplifier VI, Down-Converter VI, A / D Converter VI, and FPGA II constitute the 5G NR FDD uplink; the Fault Diagnosis Module II, MCU II, FPGA II, and Optical Module II constitute the link for fault processing, signal processing, and transmission.

[0009] Furthermore, the operating frequency bands of filter three, filter four, and duplexer two are different from each other.

[0010] Furthermore, the baseband synchronization module couples the 5G NR TDD downlink signal through a whip antenna and demodulates the synchronization control signal. After processing by the digital signal processor FPGA, it controls the switching switches one and two to synchronize with the base station clock.

[0011] Furthermore, the optical module 2 of the remote unit receives the optical signal transmitted by the near-end unit, converts it into an electrical signal through the digital signal processor FPGA 2, and then processes it into a radio frequency signal through a DA digital-to-analog converter, up-conversion, and power amplifier, and then covers the 5G NR TDD / FDD signal through the transmitting antenna.

[0012] The present invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis, comprising: In the downlink, the near-end unit receives the 5G NRTDD downlink signal from the base station via air coupling. The signal passes through filter one and filter two before entering switch one and switch two, respectively. The baseband synchronization module couples the 5G NR TDD downlink signal via a whip antenna and demodulates the synchronization control signal. After processing by the digital signal processor FPGA one, it controls switch one and switch two to synchronize with the base station clock. The 5G NR FDD downlink signal from the base station is then split into uplink and downlink signals by duplexer one. Downlink signals one, two, and three enter low-noise amplifiers one, two, and five, respectively. After amplification by the low-noise amplifiers, they enter downconverters one, two, and five, respectively, becoming intermediate frequency signals. These signals then enter analog-to-digital converters one, two, and five, respectively, and are converted into digital signals before entering the digital signal processor FPGA one for processing. The processed signal is then converted into an optical signal by optical module one and transmitted to the far-end unit via optical fiber. In the uplink of the near-end unit: optical module one converts the optical signal transmitted from the far-end unit into an electrical signal, which is then converted into 5G NR uplink signal one, uplink signal two, and uplink signal three by digital signal processor FPGA one. The 5G NR uplink signal one, uplink signal two, and uplink signal three enter DA digital-to-analog converter one, DA digital-to-analog converter two, and DA digital-to-analog converter five respectively to be converted into analog signals. After being converted into radio frequency signals by upconverter one, upconverter two, and upconverter five, they enter power amplifier one, power amplifier two, and power amplifier five respectively. The signals amplified by power amplifier one and power amplifier two enter filter one and filter two through switching switch one and switching switch two. After passing through filter one and filter two, they are transmitted back to the 5G NRTDD base station through the receiving antenna. The signal amplified by power amplifier five passes through duplexer one and is then transmitted back to the 5G NR FDD base station through the receiving antenna. In the downlink, the remote unit performs the following steps: Optical module 2 converts the optical signal transmitted from the near-end unit into an electrical signal, which then enters the digital signal processor FPGA 2. The processed 5G NR downlink signal 1, downlink signal 2, and downlink signal 3 enter DA analog-to-digital converter 3, DA analog-to-digital converter 4, and DA analog-to-digital converter 6, respectively, to be converted into analog signals. After being converted into radio frequency signals by up-converter 3, up-converter 4, and up-converter 6, they enter power amplifier 3, power amplifier 4, and power amplifier 6, respectively. The signals amplified by power amplifier 3 and power amplifier 4 enter filter 3 and filter 4 through switching switch 3 and switching switch 4, and then the signals are transmitted through the transmitting antenna to complete the 5G NR TDD signal coverage of the coverage area. The signals amplified by power amplifier 6 enter duplexer 2. After the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer 2, the signals are transmitted through the transmitting antenna to complete the 5G NR FDD signal coverage of the coverage area. In the uplink of the remote unit: the transmitting antenna receives the 5G NRTDD uplink signal from the 5G terminal via air coupling, and the signal passes through filter three and filter four to switch three and switch four respectively, and then enters low-noise amplifier three and low-noise amplifier four respectively; after receiving the 5G NR FDD uplink signal from the 5G terminal, the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer two, and the uplink signal enters low-noise amplifier six; after being amplified by the low-noise amplifier, the uplink signal enters downconverter three, downconverter four and downconverter six respectively, and after being converted into intermediate frequency signals, it enters analog-to-digital converter three, analog-to-digital converter four and analog-to-digital converter six respectively, and after being converted into digital signals, it enters digital signal processor FPGA two for processing; the processed signal is converted into an optical signal by optical module two and then transmitted to the near-end unit through optical fiber; The fault diagnosis modules in the near-end unit and the far-end unit respectively collect the operating parameters of the near-end unit and the far-end unit, identify abnormal states through database storage and inference engine analysis, and output diagnostic results and maintenance suggestions through the interactive interface.

[0013] Furthermore, the operating parameters include power, temperature, signal quality, optical power, and VSWR.

[0014] Furthermore, the abnormal states include performance degradation, signal interference, hardware failure, and optical path failure.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: This invention provides a fiber optic remote extension system and its control method that support fault diagnosis. The system can automatically collect operating parameters of the near-end and far-end units, including but not limited to power, temperature, signal quality, optical power, and VSWR. These data are sent to a microcontroller (MCU) for storage and analysis in real time or periodically. The system can automatically identify abnormal operating states, including performance degradation, signal interference, hardware failure, and optical path failure, and thus provide possible solutions or maintenance suggestions. This system can greatly reduce reliance on professional technicians and complex debugging software, making system commissioning and maintenance more efficient and economical. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation principle of the fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the composition principle of the fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation principle of the fault diagnosis module in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0019] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis, including a near-end unit and a far-end unit. The near-end unit receives 5G NR signals via air coupling and connects to the far-end unit via optical fiber to achieve signal coverage in the coverage area. Both the near-end unit and the far-end unit integrate a fault diagnosis module for collecting equipment operating parameters, identifying abnormal states, and providing diagnostic results.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, the near-end unit includes filter one, switching switch one, low-noise amplifier one, downconverter one, AD analog-to-digital converter one, power amplifier one, upconverter one, DA digital-to-analog converter one, baseband synchronization module, microcontroller MCU one, fault diagnosis module one, filter two, switching switch two, low-noise amplifier two, downconverter two, AD analog-to-digital converter two, power amplifier two, upconverter two, DA digital-to-analog converter two, duplexer one, low-noise amplifier five, downconverter five, AD analog-to-digital converter five, power amplifier five, upconverter five, DA digital-to-analog converter five, digital signal processor FPGA one, and optical module one.

[0022] The filter 1, filter 2, switching switch 1, switching switch 2, low noise amplifier 1, low noise amplifier 2, downconverter 1, downconverter 2, analog-to-digital converter 1, analog-to-digital converter 2, and digital signal processor FPGA 1 constitute a 5G NR TDD downlink.

[0023] The duplexer, low-noise amplifier, downconverter, analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA form a 5G NR FDD downlink.

[0024] The 5GNR TDD uplink consists of the digital signal processor FPGA1, DA digital-to-analog converter1, DA digital-to-analog converter2, upconverter1, upconverter2, power amplifier1, power amplifier2, switching switch1, switching switch2, filter1, and filter2.

[0025] The digital signal processor FPGA, DA digital-to-analog converter, up-converter, power amplifier, and duplexer constitute the 5G NR FDD uplink.

[0026] The fault diagnosis module, single-chip microcomputer (MCU), baseband synchronization module, digital signal processor (FPGA), and optical module constitute the fault handling, signal processing, and transmission link of the 5G equipment.

[0027] In this embodiment, the operating frequency bands of filter one, filter two, and duplexer one are different.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the remote unit includes filter three, switching switch three, low-noise amplifier three, downconverter three, AD analog-to-digital converter three, power amplifier three, upconverter three, DA digital-to-analog converter three, microcontroller MCU two, fault diagnosis module two, filter four, switching switch four, low-noise amplifier four, downconverter four, AD analog-to-digital converter four, power amplifier four, upconverter four, DA digital-to-analog converter four, duplexer two, low-noise amplifier six, downconverter six, AD analog-to-digital converter six, power amplifier six, upconverter six, DA digital-to-analog converter six, digital signal processor FPGA two, and optical module two.

[0029] The 5G NR TDD downlink consists of the FPGA II, DA-to-analog converter III, DA-to-analog converter IV, upconverter III, upconverter IV, power amplifier III, power amplifier IV, switching switch III, switching switch IV, filter III, and filter IV.

[0030] The digital signal processor FPGA II, DA digital-to-analog converter VI, up-converter VI, power amplifier VI, and duplexer II constitute the 5G NR FDD downlink.

[0031] The filter three, filter four, switching switch three, switching switch four, low noise amplifier three, low noise amplifier four, downconverter three, downconverter four, analog-to-digital converter three, analog-to-digital converter four, and digital signal processor FPGA two together form a 5G NR TDD uplink.

[0032] The duplexer II, low-noise amplifier VI, downconverter VI, analog-to-digital converter VI, and digital signal processor FPGA II constitute the 5G NR FDD uplink.

[0033] The fault diagnosis module 2, the single-chip microcomputer 2, the digital signal processor FPGA 2, and the optical module 2 constitute the link for fault handling, signal processing, and transmission of the 5G equipment.

[0034] In this embodiment, the operating frequency bands of filter three, filter four, and duplexer two are different.

[0035] This embodiment also provides a control method for the above-mentioned fiber optic remote extension system that supports fault diagnosis, including: 1. In the downlink, the near-end unit receives the 5G NRTDD downlink signal from the base station via air coupling. After passing through filter one and filter two, the signal enters switch one and switch two respectively. The baseband synchronization module couples the 5G NR TDD downlink signal through a whip antenna and demodulates the synchronization control signal. After processing by the digital signal processor FPGA one, it controls switch one and switch two to synchronize with the clock of the base station. After receiving the 5G NR FDD downlink signal from the base station, the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer one. Downlink signal one, downlink signal two, and downlink signal three enter low-noise amplifier one, low-noise amplifier two, and low-noise amplifier five respectively. After being amplified by the low-noise amplifiers, they enter downconverter one, downconverter two, and downconverter five respectively, becoming intermediate frequency signals. These signals then enter AD analog-to-digital converter one, AD analog-to-digital converter two, and AD analog-to-digital converter five respectively, and are converted into digital signals before entering the digital signal processor FPGA one for processing. The processed signal is converted into an optical signal by optical module one and then transmitted to the far-end unit through optical fiber.

[0036] 2. In the uplink of the near-end unit: Optical module one converts the optical signal transmitted from the far-end unit into an electrical signal, which is then converted into 5G NR uplink signal one, uplink signal two, and uplink signal three by digital signal processor FPGA one. The 5G NR uplink signal one, uplink signal two, and uplink signal three enter DA digital-to-analog converter one, DA digital-to-analog converter two, and DA digital-to-analog converter five respectively to be converted into analog signals. After being converted into radio frequency signals by upconverter one, upconverter two, and upconverter five, they enter power amplifier one, power amplifier two, and power amplifier five respectively. The signals amplified by power amplifier one and power amplifier two enter filter one and filter two through switching switch one and switching switch two. After passing through filter one and filter two, they are transmitted back to the 5G NR TDD base station through the receiving antenna. The signal amplified by power amplifier five passes through duplexer one and is then transmitted back to the 5G NRFDD base station through the receiving antenna.

[0037] 3. In the downlink of the remote unit: the optical module 2 converts the optical signal transmitted from the near-end unit into an electrical signal and enters the digital signal processor FPGA 2. The processed 5G NR downlink signal 1, downlink signal 2, and downlink signal 3 enter DA analog-to-digital converter 3, DA analog-to-digital converter 4, and DA analog-to-digital converter 6 respectively to be converted into analog signals. After being converted into radio frequency signals by up-converter 3, up-converter 4, and up-converter 6, they enter power amplifier 3, power amplifier 4, and power amplifier 6 respectively. The signals amplified by power amplifier 3 and power amplifier 4 enter filter 3 and filter 4 through switching switch 3 and switching switch 4. Then the signals are transmitted through the transmitting antenna to complete the 5G NR TDD signal coverage of the coverage area. The signal amplified by power amplifier 6 enters duplexer 2. After the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer 2, they are transmitted through the transmitting antenna to complete the 5G NR FDD signal coverage of the coverage area.

[0038] 4. In the uplink of the remote unit: the transmitting antenna receives the 5G NR TDD uplink signal from the 5G terminal via air coupling, and then passes through filter three and filter four to switch three and switch four, respectively, and then enters low noise amplifier three and low noise amplifier four, respectively; after receiving the 5G NR FDD uplink signal from the 5G terminal, the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer two, and the uplink signal enters low noise amplifier six; after being amplified by the low noise amplifier, the uplink signal enters downconverter three, downconverter four and downconverter six, respectively, and becomes an intermediate frequency signal, and then enters AD analog-to-digital converter three, AD analog-to-digital converter four and AD analog-to-digital converter six, respectively, and is converted into a digital signal and then enters digital signal processor FPGA two for processing; the processed signal is converted into an optical signal by optical module two and then transmitted to the near-end unit through optical fiber.

[0039] 5. The fault diagnosis modules in the near-end unit and the far-end unit respectively collect the operating parameters of the near-end unit and the far-end unit, including power, temperature, signal quality, optical power and VSWR, etc., and identify abnormal states through database storage and inference engine analysis, including performance degradation, signal interference, hardware failure and optical path failure, etc., and output diagnostic results and maintenance suggestions through interactive interface.

[0040] like Figure 3As shown, the fault diagnosis module includes multiple functional modules such as data acquisition, database, inference engine, interpreter, knowledge base, and interactive interface. Data acquisition involves acquiring and processing the main parameters of near-end and far-end units and collecting them into the system's database through various means. This information reflects various operating states of the equipment, facilitating the diagnostic system's identification and diagnosis of faults and equipment operating status. The database is a crucial component for storing and managing data. It stores the collected equipment status information, initial state data for problem solving, intermediate results during the solution process, hypothetical objectives, and final solution results in the form of files or database tables, according to a specific data structure and format. The inference engine is the core control component of the system. It utilizes knowledge from the knowledge base, combined with monitoring information obtained from the database or other sources, to perform inference and diagnosis according to a preset problem-solving strategy. The inference engine can analyze the operating status of the equipment, identify potential faults or anomalies, and provide corresponding diagnostic results and suggestions. The interpreter translates the source code line by line into machine language and executes it immediately. The knowledge base is a database storing domain knowledge and expert experience in the system. It contains the necessary knowledge for interpreting input data, generating operational hypotheses, and verifying them. The knowledge base includes the equipment's normal operating parameters, failure mode and effects analysis, fault diagnosis rules, and expert experience cases. The inference engine frequently accesses and utilizes the knowledge in the knowledge base during reasoning and diagnosis. The interactive interface serves as a bridge for information exchange between the user and the system. Users input commands, query information, or perform operations through the interactive interface, while the system displays information such as the equipment's operating status, diagnostic results, and operation prompts to the user for reading, analysis, and judgment.

[0041] The data acquisition refers to collecting information into the system's database through various means. This information reflects the various operating states of the equipment, which facilitates the diagnostic system in identifying and diagnosing faults and the operating status of the equipment.

[0042] The database stores various status information of the device in the form of files according to a certain format, such as the initial status data of problem solving, solution status, intermediate results, assumed goals and final solution results.

[0043] The inference engine is a set of programs that control the operation of the entire system. It uses knowledge in the knowledge base, based on the monitored information, to reason and diagnose according to certain problem-solving strategies, and then provides diagnostic results.

[0044] An interpreter is a program that interprets and executes high-level language code line by line. It translates source code into machine language line by line and executes it immediately.

[0045] The knowledge base is a system that uses stored knowledge to interpret input data, generate operational hypotheses, and verify them.

[0046] The interactive interface serves as a channel for information exchange between people and devices. Users input information and perform operations on the device through the interactive interface, while the device provides information to users through the interactive interface for reading, analysis, and judgment.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis, characterized in that, It includes a near-end unit and a far-end unit; the near-end unit receives 5G NR standard signals via air coupling and is connected to the far-end unit via optical fiber to complete the signal coverage of the coverage area; both the near-end unit and the far-end unit integrate a fault diagnosis module, which is used to collect equipment operating parameters, identify abnormal states and provide diagnostic results.

2. The fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The near-end unit includes filter one, switching switch one, low-noise amplifier one, down-converter one, AD analog-to-digital converter one, power amplifier one, up-converter one, DA digital-to-analog converter one, baseband synchronization module, microcontroller MCU one, fault diagnosis module one, filter two, switching switch two, low-noise amplifier two, down-converter two, AD analog-to-digital converter two, power amplifier two, up-converter two, DA digital-to-analog converter two, duplexer one, low-noise amplifier five, down-converter five, AD analog-to-digital converter five, power amplifier five, up-converter five, DA digital-to-analog converter five, digital signal processor FPGA one, and optical module one; The following components form a 5G NR TDD downlink: Filter 1, Filter 2, Switch 1, Switch 2, Low Noise Amplifier 1, Low Noise Amplifier 2, Down-Converter 1, Down-Converter 2, Analog-to-Digital Converter 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 2, and FPGA 1. The following components form a 5G NR FDD downlink: Duplexer 1, Low Noise Amplifier 5, Down-Converter 5, Analog-to-Digital Converter 5, and FPGA 1. The following components form a 5G NR TDD uplink: FPGA 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 2, Up-Converter 1, Up-Converter 2, Power Amplifier 1, Power Amplifier 2, Switch 1, Switch 2, Filter 1, and Filter 2. The following components form a 5G NR FDD uplink: FPGA 1, Analog-to-Digital Converter 5, Up-Converter 5, Power Amplifier 5, and Duplexer 1. The following components form a fault diagnosis module 1, MCU 1, Baseband Synchronization Module, FPGA 1, and Optical Module 1.

3. The fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating frequency bands of filter one, filter two, and duplexer one are different from each other.

4. The fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote unit includes filter three, switching switch three, low noise amplifier three, downconverter three, AD analog-to-digital converter three, power amplifier three, upconverter three, DA digital-to-analog converter three, microcontroller MCU two, fault diagnosis module two, filter four, switching switch four, low noise amplifier four, downconverter four, AD analog-to-digital converter four, power amplifier four, upconverter four, DA digital-to-analog converter four, duplexer two, low noise amplifier six, downconverter six, AD analog-to-digital converter six, power amplifier six, upconverter six, DA digital-to-analog converter six, digital signal processor FPGA two, and optical module two; The FPGA II, DA-to-Analog Converter III, DA-to-Analog Converter IV, Up-Converter III, Up-Converter IV, Power Amplifier III, Power Amplifier IV, Switch III, Switch IV, Filter III, and Filter IV constitute a 5G NRTDD downlink; the FPGA II, DA-to-Analog Converter VI, Up-Converter VI, Power Amplifier VI, and Duplexer II constitute a 5G NR FDD downlink; the Filter III, Filter IV, Switch III, Switch IV, Low-Noise Amplifier III, Low-Noise Amplifier IV, Down-Converter III, Down-Converter IV, A / D Converter III, A / D Converter IV, and FPGA II constitute a 5G NR TDD uplink; the Duplexer II, Low-Noise Amplifier VI, Down-Converter VI, A / D Converter VI, and FPGA II constitute a 5G NR FDD uplink; the Fault Diagnosis Module II, MCU II, FPGA II, and Optical Module II constitute a link for fault processing, signal processing, and transmission.

5. The fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The operating frequency bands of filter three, filter four, and duplexer two are different.

6. The fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The baseband synchronization module couples the 5G NR TDD downlink signal through a whip antenna and demodulates the synchronization control signal. After processing by the digital signal processor FPGA, it controls the switching switches 1 and 2 to synchronize with the base station clock.

7. A fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical module 2 of the remote unit receives the optical signal transmitted by the near-end unit, converts it into an electrical signal through the digital signal processor FPGA 2, and then processes it into a radio frequency signal through a DA digital-to-analog converter, up-conversion, and power amplifier, and then covers the 5G NR TDD / FDD signal through the transmitting antenna.

8. A control method for a fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: In the downlink, the near-end unit receives the 5G NR TDD downlink signal from the base station via air coupling. The signal passes through filter one and filter two before entering switch one and switch two, respectively. The baseband synchronization module couples the 5G NR TDD downlink signal through a whip antenna and demodulates the synchronization control signal. After processing by the digital signal processor FPGA one, it controls switch one and switch two to synchronize with the base station clock. The 5G NR FDD downlink signal from the base station is then split into uplink and downlink signals by duplexer one. Downlink signals one, two, and three enter low-noise amplifiers one, two, and five, respectively. After amplification by the low-noise amplifiers, they enter downconverters one, two, and five, respectively, becoming intermediate frequency signals. These signals then enter analog-to-digital converters one, two, and five, respectively, and are converted into digital signals before entering the digital signal processor FPGA one for processing. The processed signal is then converted into an optical signal by optical module one and transmitted to the far-end unit via optical fiber. In the uplink, the near-end unit converts the optical signal transmitted from the far-end unit into an electrical signal. This signal is then converted into 5G NR uplink signal 1, uplink signal 2, and uplink signal 3 by the digital signal processor FPGA 1. The 5G NR uplink signal 1, uplink signal 2, and uplink signal 3 are then converted into analog signals by DA converter 1, DA converter 2, and DA converter 5, respectively. After being converted into radio frequency signals by upconverter 1, upconverter 2, and upconverter 5, these signals are then fed into power amplifier 1, power amplifier 2, and power amplifier 5, respectively. The signals amplified by power amplifier 1 and power amplifier 2 are fed into filter 1 and filter 2 by switching switch 1 and switching switch 2, respectively. After passing through filter 1 and filter 2, the signals are transmitted back to the 5G NR TDD base station via the receiving antenna. The signals amplified by power amplifier 5 are fed into duplexer 1 and then transmitted back to the 5G NR FDD base station via the receiving antenna. In the downlink, the remote unit performs the following steps: Optical module 2 converts the optical signal transmitted from the near-end unit into an electrical signal, which then enters the digital signal processor FPGA 2. The processed 5G NR downlink signal 1, downlink signal 2, and downlink signal 3 enter DA analog-to-digital converter 3, DA analog-to-digital converter 4, and DA analog-to-digital converter 6, respectively, to be converted into analog signals. After being converted into radio frequency signals by up-converter 3, up-converter 4, and up-converter 6, they enter power amplifier 3, power amplifier 4, and power amplifier 6, respectively. The signals amplified by power amplifier 3 and power amplifier 4 enter filter 3 and filter 4 through switching switch 3 and switching switch 4, and then the signals are transmitted through the transmitting antenna to complete the 5G NR TDD signal coverage of the coverage area. The signals amplified by power amplifier 6 enter duplexer 2. After the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer 2, the signals are transmitted through the transmitting antenna to complete the 5G NR FDD signal coverage of the coverage area. In the uplink of the remote unit: the transmitting antenna receives the 5G NR TDD uplink signal from the 5G terminal via air coupling, and the signal passes through filter three and filter four to switch three and switch four, respectively, and then enters low-noise amplifier three and low-noise amplifier four, respectively; after receiving the 5G NR FDD uplink signal from the 5G terminal, the uplink and downlink signals are split by duplexer two, and the uplink signal enters low-noise amplifier six; after being amplified by the low-noise amplifier, the uplink signal enters downconverter three, downconverter four and downconverter six, respectively, and is converted into an intermediate frequency signal, and then enters analog-to-digital converter three, analog-to-digital converter four and analog-to-digital converter six, respectively, and is converted into a digital signal and then enters digital signal processor FPGA two for processing; the processed signal is converted into an optical signal by optical module two and then transmitted to the near-end unit through optical fiber; The fault diagnosis modules in the near-end unit and the far-end unit respectively collect the operating parameters of the near-end unit and the far-end unit, identify abnormal states through database storage and inference engine analysis, and output diagnostic results and maintenance suggestions through the interactive interface.

9. The control method for a fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 8, characterized in that, The operating parameters include power, temperature, signal quality, optical power, and VSWR.

10. The control method for a fiber optic remote extension system supporting fault diagnosis according to claim 8, characterized in that, The abnormal states include performance degradation, signal interference, hardware failure, and optical path failure.

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