Slope ecological restoration structure and method of spray-seeding base material based on waste soil-sludge regeneration

Abstract

The invention provides a waste soil-sludge regeneration spray-seeding base material structure applied to ecological restoration of a high and steep slope and a preparation method of the waste soil-sludge regeneration spray-seeding base material structure. The waste sludge is subjected to pulpifying treatment, and the slurry is subjected to fiber granulation, so that the problem that the sludge has the characteristics of high compressibility, low shear strength, poor mechanical properties, water loss cracking, water swelling and the like, and is difficult to apply to greening of high and steep slopes is solved, and the sludge is converted into a high-quality spray-seeding base material; waste mucky soil is used for replacing traditional loam and peat soil. The formed composite honeycomb-shaped porous structure matrix has excellent anti-scouring performance, water-retaining performance, fertilizer-retaining performance and air permeability. The matrix can effectively avoid the conditions of hardening, separation, disengagement and the like of the matrix layer, meanwhile, sufficient oxygen content in the matrix layer is maintained, coordination of the fertilizer conservation and fertilizer supply relation in the soil matrix is promoted, and the effect and durability of ecological restoration of the mine slope are remarkably improved. Besides, the technology realizes efficient resource utilization of the waste sludge, so that secondary ecological damage and economic loss caused by outsourcing of planting soil or excavation of original soil are avoided, the problem of sludge absorption is solved, the sludge absorption cost is saved, and the substrate cost and the environmental load are greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the innovative technology is successfully applied to spray-seeding green recovery practice of high and steep slopes for the first time, the problem of solid waste resource treatment is effectively solved, double benefits of soil improvement are achieved, perfect matching of solid waste resource utilization and ecological environment restoration is truly achieved, and a new way is developed for mine ecological restoration work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a slope ecological restoration structure and method based on "waste soil-silt regenerated spraying substrate". Background Technology

[0002] Mine ecological restoration is a crucial issue in mine environmental governance. Exposed slopes formed after mining operations typically have infertile, loosely structured soil with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, making it difficult to support plant growth. Simultaneously, various construction projects (such as foundation excavation and river dredging) generate large amounts of unstructured soil (including silty soil). Traditional disposal methods often involve landfilling or simple dumping, which not only occupies valuable land resources but also potentially causes environmental pollution, failing to achieve resource utilization and resulting in a significant waste of resources.

[0003] Existing technologies have attempted to prepare ecological restoration substrates using specific waste materials (such as construction waste, river silt, and Yellow River sediment) (as described in Chinese patents CN115843655A and CN116746453A). However, these solutions still have shortcomings: First, the substrate structure (such as single granules or simple mixed matrix) is prone to separation or detachment under gravity and long-term rainwater erosion; second, the pore structure of the substrate needs further optimization, with insufficient water retention capacity and a need to improve the continuous supply of nutrients (as pointed out in CN116746453A); third, some solutions involve complex processes (such as the controlled-release granular capsules in CN109329259B), resulting in high costs; finally, efficient and universally applicable resource utilization technologies for widely sourced waste silt-like soils are still insufficient.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a slope ecological restoration structure and method based on "waste soil-silt regenerated spraying substrate". This substrate uses waste silt soil as the main raw material to form a matrix layer with excellent erosion resistance, high water and fertilizer retention capacity, good air permeability and stable structure. It solves the problems of easy fall-off, compaction, separation and detachment and poor fertility sustainability of traditional substrates in slope ecological restoration, and realizes efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost resource utilization of silt soil. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a slope ecological restoration structure and method based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] This invention provides a slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate", comprising:

[0008] Substrate base layer, which is sprayed onto the exposed slope surface;

[0009] Seed-mixed substrate surface layer, which is sprayed onto the cured substrate bottom surface.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the substrate bottom layer is greater than or equal to 120 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the surface layer of the seed-mixed substrate is greater than or equal to 20 mm.

[0012] Preferably, both the substrate bottom layer and the seed-mixed substrate surface layer have a honeycomb composite structure.

[0013] Preferably, the honeycomb composite structure includes soil aggregates, secondary composite aggregates, organic particles, and fiber bundles, wherein the soil aggregates, secondary composite aggregates, organic particles, and fiber bundles are connected to form large and small voids.

[0014] Preferably, the fiber bundle includes one or more of porous fibers, plant fibers, and polymer fibers.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for ecological restoration of slopes using a hydroseeding substrate based on silty soil, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Waste soil slurry recycling;

[0017] S2. Production of re-fiber pellets from mud;

[0018] S3. Hydroseeding.

[0019] Preferably, step S1 includes:

[0020] S11. Waste soil collection and screening: Collect silty soil, and remove impurities and large particles through screening to obtain waste soil;

[0021] S12. Waste soil slurry treatment: The waste soil is subjected to primary crushing, secondary crushing, and filtration using a waste soil slurry machine to achieve the designed slurry with a specific gravity of 1.1-1.2 g / cm³. 3 The individual particles are 0.1-2mm in diameter. The mud is then stirred for at least 1 minute to produce soil for slope ecological restoration.

[0022] Preferably, step S2 includes:

[0023] S21. Material preparation: Weigh the soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive, granulating agent, substrate mixture, bio-activator, and slow-release compound fertilizer for slope ecological restoration according to the design mix ratio.

[0024] S22. Mixing reaction: The above materials are injected into a special fiber pellet reaction vessel. Through physical and chemical reactions, each single particle is coated with a layer of polymer binder.

[0025] S23. Aggregate reshaping: After multiple re-bonding and reshaping, a matrix with a honeycomb composite structure is formed.

[0026] Preferably, step S3 includes:

[0027] S31. Pour the substrate and an appropriate amount of water into the spraying machine, and spray it onto the exposed slope surface by controlling the spraying pressure, spraying angle and spraying distance, ensuring that there are no gaps between the wire mesh and the rock layer and that it is in full contact with the slope surface. The spraying thickness is greater than or equal to 120mm to form the substrate bottom layer.

[0028] S32. Pour the substrate, plant seeds and an appropriate amount of water into the spraying machine, and spray onto the side-cured substrate layer by controlling the spraying pressure, spraying angle and spraying distance. The spraying thickness is greater than or equal to 20mm to form the seed-mixed substrate surface layer.

[0029] The present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0030] This invention provides a slope ecological restoration structure and method based on "waste soil-silt regenerated spraying substrate". Through waste soil slurry treatment and mud slurry re-fiber granulation process, waste silt soil is used to replace traditional loam and peat soil. The resulting composite honeycomb porous structure substrate has good erosion resistance, water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability. It can effectively prevent substrate layer compaction, separation and detachment, while maintaining sufficient oxygen content inside the substrate layer, promoting the coordination of fertilizer retention and supply in the soil substrate, and significantly improving the ecological restoration effect and durability of mine slopes. In addition, this technology realizes the efficient resource utilization of waste soil, avoids secondary ecological damage and economic losses caused by purchasing planting soil or excavating native soil, and greatly reduces substrate cost and environmental burden. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the honeycomb composite structure in the slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt regenerated spraying substrate" provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The purpose of this invention is to provide a slope ecological restoration structure and method based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] This embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate", including:

[0038] The substrate base layer is sprayed onto the exposed slope surface, and its main purpose is to provide comprehensive coverage and protection for the slope surface.

[0039] The seed-mixed substrate surface layer is sprayed onto the surface of the cured substrate base layer. It is mainly used to provide a growth substrate for plant seeds, thereby enabling plants to take root and grow better on the slope.

[0040] In one implementation, the thickness of the substrate bottom layer is 120mm.

[0041] In one embodiment, the thickness of the seed-mixing substrate surface layer is 20 mm.

[0042] In one implementation, both the substrate bottom layer and the seed-mixed substrate surface layer have a honeycomb composite structure.

[0043] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The honeycomb composite structure includes soil aggregates 1, secondary composite particles 2, organic particles 3, and fiber bundles. The soil aggregates 1, secondary composite particles 2, organic particles 3, and fiber bundles are connected to form large voids 4 and small voids 5.

[0044] In this embodiment, the soil aggregate 1 is an aggregate formed from waste soil, the secondary compound aggregate 2 is an aggregate formed by the reaction of waste soil with other additives, the organic matter particles 3 can be humus, and the fiber bundles can be natural fibers such as grass fibers or artificial synthetic fibers.

[0045] Furthermore, the fiber bundle includes porous fibers 6, plant fibers 7, and polymer fibers 8. Of course, in other embodiments, one or more of the above-mentioned fibers may also be selected.

[0046] Example 2:

[0047] This embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method based on silty soil hydroseeding substrate, including the following steps:

[0048] S1. Waste soil slurry recycling; specifically:

[0049] S11. Waste soil collection and screening: Collect silty soil, i.e. unstructured soil, and remove impurities and large particles by screening to obtain waste soil.

[0050] S12. Waste soil slurry treatment: The waste soil is subjected to primary crushing, secondary crushing, and filtration using a waste soil slurry machine to achieve the designed slurry with a specific gravity of 1.1 g / cm³. 3 The individual particles are 1mm in diameter. The mud is then stirred for 1 minute to produce soil for slope ecological restoration.

[0051] S2. Production of re-fiber granules from mud; specifically:

[0052] S21. Material preparation: Weigh the soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive, granulating agent, substrate mixture, bio-activator, and slow-release compound fertilizer for slope ecological restoration according to the design ratio; this design ratio can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0053] S22. Mixing reaction: The above materials are injected into a special fiber pellet reaction vessel. Through physical and chemical reactions, each single particle is coated with a layer of polymer binder.

[0054] S23. Agglomerate reshaping, through multiple re-bonding and reshaping, forms such as... Figure 1 The matrix of the honeycomb composite structure shown;

[0055] S3. Hydroseeding construction; specifically:

[0056] S31. Pour the substrate and an appropriate amount of water into the spraying machine. Spray the substrate onto the exposed slope surface by controlling the spraying pressure, spraying angle and spraying distance. High pressure and high specific gravity are required during the spraying process. Spray from the front as much as possible and avoid spraying from the top. Ensure that there are no gaps between the wire mesh and the rock layer and that the wire mesh is in full contact with the slope surface. The spraying thickness is 120mm to form the substrate bottom layer.

[0057] S32. Pour the substrate, plant seeds and an appropriate amount of water into the spraying machine, and spray it onto the side-cured substrate by controlling the spraying pressure, spraying angle and spraying distance. The spraying process is the same as step S31, and the spraying thickness is 20mm to form the surface layer of the seed-mixed substrate.

[0058] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] It should be noted that the components mentioned in the above embodiments are all general standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structures and principles can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0060] This invention has illustrated its principles and implementation methods using specific examples. The descriptions of these embodiments are merely illustrative of the method and its core ideas; furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications may be made to the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the principles of this invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims

1. A slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate", characterized in that... include: Substrate base layer, which is sprayed onto the exposed slope surface; Seed-mixed substrate surface layer, which is sprayed onto the cured substrate bottom surface.

2. The slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the substrate layer is greater than or equal to 120 mm.

3. The slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the surface layer of the seed-mixed substrate is greater than or equal to 20 mm.

4. The slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the bottom layer of the substrate and the surface layer of the seed-mixed substrate have a honeycomb composite structure.

5. The slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The honeycomb composite structure includes soil aggregates, secondary composite particles, organic particles, and fiber bundles. The soil aggregates, secondary composite particles, organic particles, and fiber bundles are connected to each other to form large and small voids.

6. The slope ecological restoration structure based on "waste soil-silt recycled spraying substrate" as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The fiber bundle includes one or more of porous fibers, plant fibers, and polymer fibers.

7. A slope ecological restoration method based on hydroseeding substrate of silty soil, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Waste soil slurry recycling; S2. Production of re-fiber pellets from mud; S3. Hydroseeding.

8. The slope ecological restoration method based on silty soil hydroseeding substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S1 includes: S11. Waste soil collection and screening: Collect silty soil, and remove impurities and large particles through screening to obtain waste soil; S12. Waste soil slurry treatment: The waste soil is subjected to primary crushing, secondary crushing, and filtration using a waste soil slurry machine to achieve the designed slurry with a specific gravity of 1.1-1.2 g / cm³. 3 The individual particles are 0.1-2mm in diameter. The mud is then stirred for at least 1 minute to produce soil for slope ecological restoration.

9. The slope ecological restoration method based on silty soil hydroseeding substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S2 includes: S21. Material preparation: Weigh the soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive, granulating agent, substrate mixture, bio-activator, and slow-release compound fertilizer for slope ecological restoration according to the design mix ratio. S22. Mixing reaction: The above materials are injected into a special fiber pellet reaction vessel. Through physical and chemical reactions, each single particle is coated with a layer of polymer binder. S23. Aggregate reshaping: After multiple re-bonding and reshaping, a matrix with a honeycomb composite structure is formed.

10. The slope ecological restoration method based on silty soil hydroseeding substrate according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: S31. Pour the substrate and an appropriate amount of water into the spraying machine, and spray it onto the exposed slope surface by controlling the spraying pressure, spraying angle and spraying distance, ensuring that there are no gaps between the wire mesh and the rock layer and that it is in full contact with the slope surface. The spraying thickness is greater than or equal to 120mm to form the substrate bottom layer. S32. Pour the substrate, plant seeds and an appropriate amount of water into the spraying machine, and spray onto the side-cured substrate layer by controlling the spraying pressure, spraying angle and spraying distance. The spraying thickness is greater than or equal to 20mm to form the seed-mixed substrate surface layer.

Images