Highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring

Abstract

A method for early warning of safety risks in highway construction based on intelligent monitoring includes: embedding infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the planned grouting joint after the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout; and installing acoustic bubble sensors at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe. After the excavation supervision and acceptance of the foundation pit, the monitoring terminal automatically performs self-checks on the infrared temperature probes and acoustic bubble sensors. Before laying the M10 cement mortar cushion layer and precast blocks, environmental baseline monitoring is conducted at fixed time intervals using the infrared temperature probes and acoustic bubble sensors to collect static environmental baselines at each monitoring point in the un-grouted state. Based on the static environmental baseline, a threshold growth coupling model is invoked to determine the corresponding temperature critical value and bubble critical value for epoxy grouting, enabling risk warning based on these values. By establishing a static environmental baseline to identify temperature and bubble abrupt changes during the initial curing stage of epoxy, the timeliness and accuracy of risk warnings are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of construction safety monitoring technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for early warning of construction safety risks in highway engineering based on intelligent monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the existing construction methods for paved trapezoidal side ditches, the centerline of the side ditch is determined based on the roadbed centerline and the road width. Then, the two side lines of the ditch foundation are determined based on the ditch dimensions and the corresponding road elevation. Control stakes are driven every 20 meters, 1 meter away from the ditch, to determine the excavation depth. Afterwards, the trapezoidal side ditch foundation pit is excavated using a combination of mechanical and manual methods. When the foundation pit reaches the designed elevation and dimensions, the professional supervising engineer should be notified for inspection and acceptance as soon as possible. The base and sides should be trimmed and compacted. Only after the supervising engineer's acceptance is passed can the next process begin. Strict control of geometric dimensions is maintained, and a model frame is used for continuous inspection to prevent over-excavation, ensuring a smooth alignment and meeting longitudinal slope requirements. Before hardening the side ditch, it must be compacted before subsequent construction. For hardening the side ditch, a cement mortar bedding layer is first constructed, followed by the installation of precast blocks. During ditch construction, the cross-sectional dimensions of the side ditch must be carefully controlled, and construction must be carried out strictly in accordance with the construction design drawings and specifications. The transport of precast concrete blocks within the site was completed using rubber-wheeled carts, while the subbase and precast concrete blocks were constructed manually. M10 cement mortar was used. The precast blocks were prefabricated at a small component factory and then installed on-site. The precast concrete blocks were compacted using the grouting method, and M10 mortar was used for jointing. The joints should be full, dense, flat, tight, and cured promptly.

[0003] However, during the construction of existing trapezoidal side ditches, air bubbles are easily generated in the epoxy joints. Specifically, when grouting at low temperatures or without sufficient vacuum, the air bubbles expand and burst during the epoxy curing process, spraying hot epoxy onto the operator's face or the walls of the ditch. In addition, if the backfill sand is not compacted in time after the trapezoidal blocks are installed with staggered joints, the water pressure during the water flow test will cause "hydraulic jacking," resulting in the blocks suddenly loosening and overturning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies and propose a method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention discloses a method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring, the method comprising:

[0007] After the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, infrared temperature probes are buried at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint, and acoustic bubble sensors are installed at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe.

[0008] After the foundation pit excavation is supervised and accepted, the monitoring terminal is activated to automatically perform self-tests on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor.

[0009] Before laying the M10 cement mortar cushion layer and precast blocks, environmental baseline monitoring is carried out at fixed time intervals using the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor to collect the static environmental baseline of each monitoring point in the un-grouted state.

[0010] Based on the static environmental baseline, the threshold growth coupling model is invoked to determine the temperature critical value and bubble critical value corresponding to epoxy grouting, so as to provide risk warning based on the temperature critical value and bubble critical value.

[0011] Furthermore, the method of embedding infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint along the centerline of the ditch and after construction layout, and installing an acoustic bubble sensor at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe, includes:

[0012] Obtain the total length of the grouting cracks in the side ditch, and calculate the installation spacing of each group of infrared temperature measuring probes based on the total length of the grouting cracks and the number of infrared temperature measuring probes to be installed.

[0013] Based on the installation spacing of each set of infrared temperature probes, the coordinates of multiple measuring points are determined, and the range of the infrared temperature probes and the frequency response of the acoustic bubble sensor are determined according to the temperature and humidity of the construction site.

[0014] Each set of infrared temperature probes consists of infrared temperature probes that are buried at fixed intervals on both sides of the gap to be filled.

[0015] Furthermore, the method of embedding infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint after the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, and installing an acoustic bubble sensor at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe, also includes:

[0016] The selection of the infrared temperature measuring probe and the acoustic bubble sensor is determined based on the range of the infrared temperature measuring probe and the frequency response of the acoustic bubble sensor.

[0017] Drill holes along the edge of the ditch groove at each measuring point coordinate, and insert the bracket matching the infrared temperature measuring probe and the probe seat of the acoustic bubble sensor at the drilled holes to fix and install the selected infrared temperature measuring probe and acoustic bubble sensor.

[0018] Furthermore, after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance, the monitoring terminal is activated to automatically perform a self-test on the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor, including:

[0019] The power supply at the construction site is connected to the power supply unit of the monitoring box through a leakage protection switch to receive the ADC data fed back by the power supply unit of the monitoring box. The power supply unit of the monitoring box adopts a switching power supply structure and automatically performs soft start when powered on.

[0020] The monitoring box power unit sends a self-test command to the infrared temperature probe, instructing the infrared temperature probe to perform a self-test and return the self-test result signal and temperature reading.

[0021] The self-test feedback result is a status code. When the status code is a first value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is normal. When the status code is a second value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is a communication failure. When the status code is a third value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is a measurement over-range.

[0022] Furthermore, the step of automatically performing a self-test on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor by activating the monitoring terminal after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance also includes:

[0023] A no-load test command is sent to the acoustic bubble sensor to instruct it to enter a silent measurement within a set time period. During the silent measurement, the acoustic bubble sensor collects ambient sound waves through a piezoelectric ceramic pickup unit and converts the ambient sound waves into a voltage signal.

[0024] Based on the voltage signal, combined with the number of sampling points and the average voltage of all sampling points, the standard deviation of the voltage signal is calculated, and the acoustic bubble sensor is self-tested based on the standard deviation of the voltage signal.

[0025] Furthermore, the step of automatically performing a self-test on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor by activating the monitoring terminal after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance also includes:

[0026] When the standard deviation of the voltage signal does not exceed the set threshold and the communication response delay of the acoustic bubble sensor does not exceed the set duration, the self-test result of the acoustic bubble sensor is determined to be normal; otherwise, the self-test result of the acoustic bubble sensor is determined to be abnormal.

[0027] The system periodically sends heartbeat packets to the host computer to obtain ACK confirmation from the host computer and calculates the packet loss rate. The heartbeat packet contains the device ID of the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor, the data acquisition timestamp, and the self-test result.

[0028] If the packet loss rate does not exceed the set packet loss rate threshold, the current communication link is deemed qualified; otherwise, the current communication link is deemed unqualified, and the packet loss node is located.

[0029] Furthermore, before laying the M10 cement mortar bedding layer and precast blocks, environmental baseline monitoring is performed at fixed time intervals using the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor to collect the static environmental baseline of each monitoring point in the un-grouted state, including:

[0030] The monitoring terminal sends a baseline acquisition command and, in response to the baseline acquisition command, locks the current readings of the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor as the initial state, while sending a prompt message to the user terminal according to the set sampling period.

[0031] Temperature and acoustic bubble data are continuously collected at multiple times according to a set frequency, and the average temperature and noise standard deviation corresponding to each monitoring point are calculated to determine the temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data.

[0032] The temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data are encapsulated into a timestamped data packet and uploaded to the monitoring server to verify the temperature fluctuation, noise standard deviation, and maximum background pulse amplitude corresponding to the monitoring point.

[0033] Furthermore, based on the static environmental baseline, the threshold growth coupling model is invoked to determine the temperature critical value and bubble critical value corresponding to the epoxy grouting, so as to conduct risk warning based on the temperature critical value and bubble critical value, including:

[0034] Based on the temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data, an acoustic signal sequence and a real-time temperature sequence are determined, and the temperature increment of each element in the real-time temperature sequence is calculated. Bubble events in the acoustic signal sequence are identified and statistically analyzed according to a sliding window.

[0035] The threshold growth coupling model is invoked to calculate the temperature critical value and the bubble critical value based on the temperature increment and the bubble event, and a full suture risk index vector is constructed based on the temperature critical value and the bubble critical value.

[0036] Based on the full suture risk index vector and the set alarm trigger threshold range, a graded early warning strategy is output, and risk warnings are issued according to the graded early warning strategy.

[0037] The second aspect of this invention discloses a highway engineering construction safety risk early warning device based on intelligent monitoring, the device comprising:

[0038] The sensor setting module is used to embed infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint after the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, and to set an acoustic bubble sensor at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe.

[0039] The sensor self-test module is used to automatically perform self-tests on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance.

[0040] The static baseline acquisition module is used to monitor the environmental baseline at fixed time intervals using the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor before laying the M10 cement mortar cushion layer and precast blocks, so as to collect the static environmental baseline of each monitoring point in the un-grouted state.

[0041] The risk warning module is used to determine the temperature critical value and bubble critical value corresponding to epoxy grouting by calling the threshold growth coupling model based on the static environmental baseline, so as to provide risk warning based on the temperature critical value and bubble critical value.

[0042] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a terminal, including a processor and a storage medium;

[0043] The storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0044] The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0045] A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0047] (1) After the centerline of the ditch and the edge line of the foundation are laid out (construction layout), an infrared temperature probe is installed at fixed intervals on both sides of the joint to be filled, and an acoustic bubble sensor is fixed at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe. The temperature field of the grouting is monitored by an infrared thermometer. If the highest curing temperature is >60°C or the gradient is >15°C / m, the construction worker is reminded to increase ventilation or cool down. At the same time, after the foundation pit is excavated and accepted by the supervisor, the monitoring terminal is started to automatically perform self-testing on the infrared probe and acoustic sensor, which effectively avoids communication, power supply and other problems that may occur during the sensor monitoring process.

[0048] (2) Before laying the M10 cement mortar cushion layer and precast blocks, the present invention performs environmental baseline monitoring on the sensor at fixed time intervals, collects the temperature time sequence and bubble background noise curve of each measuring point under the condition of no grouting, and stores it in the monitoring system. By establishing a static environmental baseline, it is convenient to identify the temperature and bubble mutation in the early stage of epoxy curing, thereby ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the risk warning process. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating the method for early warning of safety risks in highway construction based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a trapezoidal side ditch structure for a highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring, provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning device based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown in one embodiment, a method for early warning of safety risks in highway construction based on intelligent monitoring includes the following steps:

[0054] Step S110: After the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, infrared temperature probes are buried at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint, and an acoustic bubble sensor is installed at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe.

[0055] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention includes the following steps in step S110:

[0056] Step S111: Obtain the total length of the grouting cracks in the side ditch, and calculate the installation spacing of each group of infrared temperature measuring probes based on the total length of the grouting cracks and the number of infrared temperature measuring probes to be installed.

[0057] Step S112: Determine the coordinates of multiple measuring points based on the installation spacing of each group of infrared temperature measuring probes, and determine the range of the infrared temperature measuring probes and the frequency response of the acoustic bubble sensor according to the temperature and humidity of the construction site.

[0058] Each set of infrared temperature measuring probes consists of infrared temperature measuring probes that are fixedly installed at intervals on both sides of the gap to be filled.

[0059] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention further includes the following steps in step S110:

[0060] Step S113: Determine the selection of the infrared temperature measuring probe and the acoustic bubble sensor based on the range of the infrared temperature measuring probe and the frequency response of the acoustic bubble sensor.

[0061] Step S114: Drill holes along the edge of the ditch groove at each measuring point coordinate, and insert the bracket matching the infrared temperature measuring probe and the probe seat of the acoustic bubble sensor at the drilling point to fix and install the selected infrared temperature measuring probe and acoustic bubble sensor.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention includes steps 1 to 4:

[0063] In existing technologies, the construction method for paving trapezoidal side ditches mainly includes the following steps:

[0064] (1) Construction layout: Based on the centerline of the roadbed and the width of the road surface, the centerline of the side ditch is laid out. Then, based on the size of the side ditch and the elevation of the corresponding road section, the sidelines of the side ditch foundation on both sides are laid out. At the same time, control stakes are nailed 1 meter away from the side ditch every 20 meters to determine the excavation depth.

[0065] (2) Excavation of the foundation pit: The excavation of the trapezoidal side ditch foundation pit shall be carried out by a combination of mechanical and manual excavation. When the foundation pit is excavated to the designed elevation and dimensions, the professional supervising engineer shall be notified for inspection and acceptance as soon as possible. The base and sides shall be trimmed and compacted. The next process can only begin after the supervising engineer has accepted the excavation. The geometric dimensions shall be strictly controlled and checked at any time with a model frame. Over-excavation shall not be allowed. The alignment shall be smooth and the longitudinal slope shall meet the requirements.

[0066] (3) Hardening of side ditches: The side ditches must be compacted before subsequent construction. A cement mortar bedding layer is first constructed for the hardened side ditches, followed by the installation of precast blocks. During the construction of the side ditches, the cross-sectional dimensions must be carefully controlled, and construction must be carried out strictly in accordance with the construction design drawings and specifications. Precast concrete blocks are transported on-site using rubber-wheeled carts, while the bedding layer and precast concrete blocks are constructed manually. M10 cement mortar is used. Precast blocks are prefabricated in a small component factory and installed on-site. The precast concrete blocks are compacted using the grouting method, and M10 mortar is used for jointing. The jointing should be full, dense, flat, tight, and cured promptly.

[0067] It should be noted that side ditches are longitudinal artificial ditches set outside the shoulders of cut roadbeds and outside the toes of low-fill roadbeds. They are used to collect surface water from the road surface, drain slope water intercepted by the roadbed on the slopes above the road, quickly collect and guide it into smooth drainage channels, and discharge it under the road through bridges and culverts. Side ditches are longitudinal water ditches set on both sides of the road to collect and drain rainwater from the road surface, shoulders and slopes. They are a component of the road boundary surface drainage facilities, one of the slope drainage facilities, and an indispensable part of the road drainage system. Side ditches are the hub connecting the roadbed slopes and the outer part of the road, acting as a "bridge" for communication, and play an extremely important role in many aspects. When excavating, attention should be paid to the outflow of soil from the drainage outlets to prevent secondary cleaning.

[0068] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the paved trapezoidal ditch includes C25 precast concrete blocks (8cm thick), a 5cm thick cement mortar bedding layer, M10 mortar grouting, and a slope protection channel. The C25 precast concrete blocks (8cm thick) are attached to the 5cm thick cement mortar bedding layer and are located on top of the 5cm thick cement mortar bedding layer. The M10 mortar grouting is located at the corner of the trapezoid. Figure 2 The units for numbers such as "25" and "60" are all cm.

[0069] Step 1: Sensor placement after construction layout.

[0070] After completing the layout of the center line of the ditch and the edge line of the foundation (construction layout), an infrared temperature probe is buried every 2m at a distance of 0.5m on each side of the joint to be filled, and an acoustic bubble sensor is fixed at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe.

[0071] Includes the following sub-steps:

[0072] Sub-step 1.1: Determine the coordinates of the side ditch seam and the number of measuring points.

[0073] Specifically, first, the total length of the grouting cracks in the side ditch and the total number of sensor pairs required are obtained (the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor are used as a pair of sensors). Based on the total length of the grouting cracks in the side ditch and the total number of sensor pairs, the equidistant interval between each pair of sensors is calculated. Then, starting from the starting point of the layout line, the coordinates of each measuring point are generated by linear interpolation along the centerline at equal intervals.

[0074] Sub-step 1.2: Sensor and cable preparation.

[0075] Specifically, based on the coordinates of each measuring point obtained in step 1.1, and simultaneously determining the environmental conditions of the current construction site (temperature -10 to +40°C, humidity 0-95%), as well as the sensor model and specifications, the sensors are selected according to the ambient temperature range. The infrared temperature probe needs a range of -20°C to 100°C and an accuracy of +1°C; the acoustic bubble sensor needs a frequency response of 1Hz to 10kHz. Subsequently, the horizontal distance from each measuring point to the main control box is calculated, and the cable routing and connector locations are marked on the wiring diagram. Finally, a list and wiring scheme are output: the selection and total number of infrared temperature probes, the selection and total number of acoustic bubble sensors, and the length and number of anti-interference double-shielded cables (determined according to the distance between the measuring point and the monitoring box). The above sensor selection ensures that the probes used can still accurately detect in "low-temperature" environments, preventing missed detections due to bubble bursting.

[0076] Sub-step 1.3: On-site fixed installation.

[0077] Specifically, according to the coordinates of each measuring point, the equipment list, and the wiring plan, holes (10mm in diameter and 50mm in depth) are drilled along the edge of the ditch groove at each measuring point. Infrared temperature probe brackets and acoustic bubble sensor probe mounts are inserted into the holes. The brackets are secured with waterproof sealant (to prevent construction vibrations or rainwater from affecting the probes), ensuring the probe surface is flush with the epoxy joint surface. Finally, cable trenches are installed along the outside of the ditch, and double-shielded cables are fixed at 1m intervals with steel clamps and labeled. This yields details of the physical installation status and location of each sensor, as well as a list of temporary cable fixing points.

[0078] Step S120: After the foundation pit excavation is supervised and accepted, the monitoring terminal is started to automatically perform self-tests on the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor.

[0079] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention includes the following steps in step S120:

[0080] Step S121: Connect the power supply at the construction site to the power supply unit of the monitoring box through the leakage protection switch to receive the ADC data fed back by the power supply unit of the monitoring box. The power supply unit of the monitoring box adopts a switching power supply structure and automatically performs soft start when powered on.

[0081] Step S122: The power supply unit of the monitoring box sends a self-test command to the infrared temperature probe, so as to instruct the infrared temperature probe to perform a self-test and return the self-test result signal and temperature reading.

[0082] The self-test feedback result is a status code. When the status code is the first value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is normal. When the status code is the second value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is a communication failure. When the status code is the third value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is a measurement over-range.

[0083] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention further includes the following steps in step S120:

[0084] Step S123: Send an unloaded test command to the acoustic bubble sensor to instruct the acoustic bubble sensor to enter a silent measurement within a set time period. During the silent measurement, the acoustic bubble sensor collects ambient sound waves through the piezoelectric ceramic pickup unit and converts the ambient sound waves into voltage signals.

[0085] Step S124: Based on the voltage signal, combined with the number of sampling points and the average voltage of all sampling points, calculate the standard deviation of the voltage signal, and perform a self-test on the acoustic bubble sensor based on the standard deviation of the voltage signal.

[0086] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention further includes the following steps in step S120:

[0087] Step S125: When the standard deviation of the voltage signal does not exceed the set threshold and the communication response delay of the acoustic bubble sensor does not exceed the set duration, the self-test result of the acoustic bubble sensor is determined to be normal; otherwise, the self-test result of the acoustic bubble sensor is determined to be abnormal.

[0088] Step S126: Periodically send heartbeat packets to the host computer to obtain ACK confirmation from the host computer, and calculate the packet loss rate. The heartbeat packet contains the device ID of the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor, the data acquisition timestamp, and the self-test result.

[0089] Step S127: If the packet loss rate does not exceed the set packet loss rate threshold, the current communication link is determined to be qualified; otherwise, the current communication link is determined to be unqualified, and the packet loss node is located.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a method for early warning of safety risks in highway construction based on intelligent monitoring. Step 2 involves equipment self-inspection after the foundation pit excavation is accepted. After the foundation pit is excavated and accepted by the supervisor, the monitoring terminal is activated to automatically perform self-inspections on the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor, including power status, signal response, and calibration error detection.

[0091] Includes the following sub-steps:

[0092] Sub-step 2.1: Power supply check of the monitoring box and system power-on check.

[0093] Specifically, the AC220V power supply at the construction site is connected to the power supply unit of the monitoring box via a leakage current protection switch. The power supply unit adopts a switching power supply structure (input filtering → rectification → voltage regulation → output filtering), and automatically performs a soft start upon power-up. The control unit reads four ADC data points—input voltage, output voltage, module temperature, and output current—from the power supply unit and compares them with the nominal values.

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, This is the regulated output voltage, in volts (V). The maximum load current is expressed in amperes (A); "12" and "5" represent the rated voltage and rated current, respectively; and 0.6 represents the output voltage ±5% tolerance.

[0096] Sub-step 2.2: Functional self-test of the infrared temperature probe.

[0097] Specifically, the monitoring unit sequentially sends self-check commands to the infrared temperature probes. The commands include the probe ID and the self-check mode identifier. The infrared temperature probes internally use the non-contact infrared temperature measurement principle. The emission and reception modules first measure the temperature of their own encoders and then read the blackbody calibration coefficient. After that, the infrared temperature probes will feedback two pieces of data: their own temperature readings and status codes . When the status code is "0", it indicates that the self-check result is normal; when it is "1", it indicates that the self-check result is a communication fault; when it is "2", it indicates that the self-check result is a measurement overrange. Finally, the control unit makes a judgment:

[0098]

[0099] If the above formula is not satisfied, the corresponding infrared temperature probe will be marked as faulty is the intersection symbol

[0100] Sub-step 2.3, functional self-check of the acoustic bubble sensor

[0101] Specifically, the control unit sends a no-load test command to the acoustic sensor and enters a 20-s silent measurement. The sensor collects ambient sound waves through the piezoelectric ceramic sound pickup unit, converts them into voltage signals, and calculates the standard deviation of the voltage signals :

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, is the kth sampling value, in mV; is the average voltage is the number of sampling points (usually taken as 200). If and the communication response delay ≤ 50 ms, it is determined that the acoustic bubble sensor is normal; otherwise, the corresponding acoustic bubble sensor is marked as abnormal is the sensor calibration value, that is, the static noise level, in mV

[0104] Sub-step 2.4, detection of communication link and data integrity

[0105] Specifically, the monitoring terminal regularly sends heartbeat packets to the host computer. The heartbeat packets contain the device ID, timestamp, and status code, once per second for 10 consecutive times. After that, the host computer sends an ACK confirmation and calculates the packet loss rate, that is, the ratio of the number of lost packets to 10. If the packet loss rate ≤ 0.1 (packet loss rate ≤ 10%), the communication link is qualified; otherwise, it is prompted that the communication is unstable, and the high packet loss nodes are located, ensuring that all temperature and acoustic bubble data during the side ditch caulking process can be uploaded in real time, without warning delay caused by network disconnection. At the same time, the cable joints and network device failures of the severely packet loss node cores are checked

[0106] Step S130: Before laying the M10 cement mortar cushion layer and precast blocks, environmental baseline monitoring is carried out at fixed time intervals using an infrared temperature probe and an acoustic bubble sensor to collect the static environmental baseline of each monitoring point in the un-grouted state.

[0107] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention includes the following steps in step S130:

[0108] Step S131: Send a baseline acquisition command through the monitoring terminal, and in response to the baseline acquisition command, lock the current readings of the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor as the initial state, and send a prompt message to the user terminal according to the set sampling period.

[0109] Step S132: Collect temperature data and acoustic bubble data continuously at multiple times according to the set frequency, and calculate the average temperature and noise standard deviation corresponding to each monitoring point to determine the temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data.

[0110] Step S133: The temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data are encapsulated into a data packet with a timestamp, and the data packet is uploaded to the monitoring server to verify the temperature fluctuation, noise standard deviation and maximum background pulse amplitude corresponding to the monitoring point.

[0111] In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a method for early warning of safety risks in highway construction based on intelligent monitoring. Step 3 involves collecting environmental baseline data before the subbase layer is laid. Before the M10 cement mortar subbase layer and precast blocks are laid, the sensors perform environmental baseline monitoring for 10 minutes, collecting the temperature time sequence and bubble background noise curves at each measuring point under un-grouted conditions, and storing them in the monitoring system. This step establishes a static environmental baseline, facilitating subsequent identification of temperature and bubble abrupt changes during the initial stage of epoxy curing.

[0112] Includes the following sub-steps:

[0113] Sub-step 3.1, baseline acquisition preparation.

[0114] Specifically, the monitoring terminal issues a "baseline acquisition preparation" command, automatically locks the current sensor reading as the initial state, sets the acquisition cycle to S seconds (600s recommended), and simultaneously issues a "please do not construct" prompt to the workers. After the subbase is constructed and before the precast blocks are laid, the baseline is obtained under static environmental conditions before grouting, and a unified sampling duration and start point are set for temperature and bubble monitoring.

[0115] Sub-step 3.2, Temperature baseline data acquisition and calculation.

[0116] Specifically, the system continuously collects temperature data at a frequency of 1Hz for K time points and calculates the average temperature at each measuring point. :

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, For the first Seconds Probe temperature, For the first The baseline average temperature of probe number 1.

[0119] Next, calculate the temperature fluctuation range:

[0120]

[0121] This step establishes the temperature baseline before epoxy grouting of the ditch, which facilitates subsequent detection of temperature rise deviations caused by hot epoxy. The temperature fluctuation range can also be used to determine the stability of the construction environment. If the fluctuation exceeds the standard (≥2℃ is recommended), the temperature needs to be collected again.

[0122] Sub-step 3.3, Acoustic baseline data acquisition and analysis.

[0123] Specifically, K acoustic data points are recorded at a sampling rate of 1 Hz, and the noise standard deviation is calculated:

[0124]

[0125] In the formula, For the first The voltage of the j-th acoustic bubble sensor For the first The average voltage of the acoustic bubble sensor was recorded. Finally, the data was recorded. To determine the bubble burst signal threshold ( This facilitates subsequent identification of bubble bursting sounds, provides background parameters for bubble accumulation early warning, and effectively prevents false alarms.

[0126] Sub-step 3.4, Baseline data storage and verification.

[0127] Specifically, the temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data are encapsulated into a timestamped data packet and uploaded to the monitoring server for system verification.

[0128] For all Noise standard deviation: All (Preset noise threshold, typically 5mV); Maximum background pulse amplitude: All (A preset background pulse threshold, typically 15mV, is used.) If all conditions are met, a "baseline qualified" label is generated; otherwise, an automatic "baseline unstable, re-acquisition" message is displayed. This step uses the baseline qualification report to pinpoint the environmentally stable period, providing a reliable reference for subsequent crack sealing monitoring.

[0129] Step S140: Based on the static environmental baseline, the threshold growth coupling model is called to determine the temperature critical value and bubble critical value corresponding to the epoxy grouting, so as to carry out risk warning based on the temperature critical value and bubble critical value.

[0130] In some embodiments, the highway engineering construction safety risk early warning method based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention includes the following steps in step S140:

[0131] Step S141: Determine the acoustic signal sequence and real-time temperature sequence based on the temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data, calculate the element-wise temperature increment in the real-time temperature sequence, and identify bubble events in the statistical acoustic signal sequence according to the sliding window.

[0132] Step S142: The threshold growth coupling model is invoked to calculate the temperature critical value and the bubble critical value based on the temperature increment and the bubble event, and a full suture risk index vector is constructed based on the temperature critical value and the bubble critical value.

[0133] Step S143: Based on the full suture risk index vector and the set alarm trigger threshold range, output a graded early warning strategy and conduct risk warning according to the graded early warning strategy.

[0134] In a specific embodiment, the method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring provided by the present invention includes step 4: real-time monitoring and early warning of epoxy grouting.

[0135] Includes the following sub-steps:

[0136] Sub-step 4.1, nonlinear feature extraction.

[0137] Specifically, firstly, the temperature increment corresponding to each element in the collected temperature data sequence is calculated second by second, and negative values ​​with temperature increments less than or equal to 0 are discarded. At the same time, bubble events are identified and counted in a 10-second sliding window.

[0138]

[0139] In the formula, This represents the bubble event corresponding to the acoustic bubble sensor with number j at time t.

[0140] Sub-step 4.2 involves calculating the nonlinear joint risk index using a threshold growth coupling model. This is to reflect the critical temperature value and the critical bubble value:

[0141]

[0142] In the formula, It increases monotonically with increasing temperature, and approaches 1 when the temperature rises far beyond the threshold. It is a quadratic response; the number of bubbles is almost 0 when it is low, and jumps sharply to 1 when it approaches the critical value. Let be the temperature increment at time t. Let be the bubble event at time t. , All values ​​are constants, obtained through on-site calibration.

[0143] Sub-step 4.3, hierarchical decision-making and on-site triggering.

[0144] Specifically, the nonlinear joint risk index obtained in sub-step 4.2 is used. maximum value Set a trigger threshold; when the maximum risk index... When the value is less than 0.2, the risk level is determined to be low-risk, and the maximum risk index is [missing value]. When the value is within the range [0.2, 0.6), it is classified as medium risk, with a maximum risk index of [missing value]. A value greater than or equal to 0.6 is classified as high-risk. Finally, a graded warning system is implemented based on the aforementioned low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk levels.

[0145] It should be noted that when the risk level is determined to be medium, the micro-mist spray and fan-assisted heat dissipation will be automatically activated; when the risk level is determined to be high, the grouting will be stopped immediately, and UVA drying lamps will be used for forced drying and isolation barriers will be erected. Finally, an alarm will be issued simultaneously through sound and light and a mobile APP to notify users in a timely manner.

[0146] The following describes the intelligent monitoring-based highway construction safety risk early warning device provided by the present invention. The intelligent monitoring-based highway construction safety risk early warning device described below and the intelligent monitoring-based highway construction safety risk early warning method described above can be referred to and correspond to each other.

[0147] like Figure 3 As shown in one embodiment, a highway construction safety risk early warning device based on intelligent monitoring includes a sensor setting module, a sensor self-test module, a static baseline acquisition module, and a risk early warning module.

[0148] The sensor setting module is used to embed infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint after the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, and to set an acoustic bubble sensor at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe.

[0149] The sensor self-test module is used to automatically perform self-tests on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance.

[0150] The static baseline acquisition module is used to monitor the environmental baseline at fixed time intervals before laying the M10 cement mortar cushion layer and precast blocks, using an infrared temperature probe and an acoustic bubble sensor, in order to collect the static environmental baseline of each monitoring point in the un-grouted state.

[0151] The risk warning module is used to determine the temperature critical value and bubble critical value corresponding to epoxy grouting based on the static environmental baseline and by calling the threshold growth coupling model, so as to provide risk warning based on the temperature critical value and bubble critical value.

[0152] The applicant of this invention has provided a detailed description of the embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention. The detailed description is only intended to help readers better understand the spirit of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. On the contrary, any improvements or modifications made based on the inventive spirit of the invention should fall within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring, characterized in that, The method includes: After the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, infrared temperature probes are buried at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint, and acoustic bubble sensors are installed at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe. After the foundation pit excavation is supervised and accepted, the monitoring terminal is activated to automatically perform self-tests on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor. Before laying the M10 cement mortar bedding layer and precast blocks, environmental baseline monitoring is performed at fixed time intervals using the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor to collect the static environmental baseline of each monitoring point in the un-grouted state, including: The monitoring terminal sends a baseline acquisition command and, in response to the baseline acquisition command, locks the current readings of the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor as the initial state, while sending a prompt message to the user terminal according to the set sampling period. Temperature and acoustic bubble data were continuously collected at a set frequency for multiple time points. The average temperature and noise standard deviation for each monitoring point were calculated to determine the temperature and acoustic baseline data, which were then recorded. To determine the bubble burst signal threshold ( ); in, The first data collected when determining the acoustic baseline data The voltage of the j-th acoustic bubble sensor; The temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data are encapsulated into a timestamped data packet and uploaded to the monitoring server to verify the temperature fluctuation, noise standard deviation and maximum background pulse amplitude corresponding to the monitoring point. Based on the temperature baseline data and acoustic baseline data, an acoustic signal sequence and a real-time temperature sequence are determined, and the temperature increment of each element in the real-time temperature sequence is calculated. Bubble events in the acoustic signal sequence are identified and statistically analyzed according to a sliding window. Among them, bubble events As shown in the following formula: ； In the formula, This represents the bubble event corresponding to the acoustic bubble sensor with number j at time t. When determining the bubble event, the first The voltage of the j-th acoustic bubble sensor , Indicates the standard deviation of noise; Calculate the nonlinear joint risk index As shown in the following formula: ； In the formula, It increases monotonically with increasing temperature, and approaches 1 when the temperature rises far beyond the threshold. It is a quadratic response; the number of bubbles is almost 0 when it is low, and jumps sharply to 1 when it approaches the critical value. Let be the temperature increment at time t. Let be the bubble event at time t. , All are constants; Based on the full suture risk index vector and the set alarm trigger threshold range, a graded early warning strategy is output, and risk warnings are issued according to the graded early warning strategy.

2. The method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves embedding infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint after the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, and installing an acoustic bubble sensor at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe, including: Obtain the total length of the grouting cracks in the side ditch, and calculate the installation spacing of each group of infrared temperature measuring probes based on the total length of the grouting cracks and the number of infrared temperature measuring probes to be installed. Based on the installation spacing of each set of infrared temperature probes, the coordinates of multiple measuring points are determined, and the range of the infrared temperature probes and the frequency response of the acoustic bubble sensor are determined according to the temperature and humidity of the construction site. Each set of infrared temperature probes consists of infrared temperature probes that are buried at fixed intervals on both sides of the gap to be filled.

3. The method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of embedding infrared temperature probes at fixed intervals on both sides of the proposed grouting joint after the centerline of the ditch and the construction layout, and installing an acoustic bubble sensor at the outlet of the epoxy grouting pipe, also includes: The selection of the infrared temperature measuring probe and the acoustic bubble sensor is determined based on the range of the infrared temperature measuring probe and the frequency response of the acoustic bubble sensor. Drill holes along the edge of the ditch groove at each measuring point coordinate, and insert the bracket matching the infrared temperature measuring probe and the probe seat of the acoustic bubble sensor at the drilled holes to fix and install the selected infrared temperature measuring probe and acoustic bubble sensor.

4. The method for early warning of safety risks in highway construction based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance, the monitoring terminal is activated to automatically perform self-tests on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor, including: The power supply at the construction site is connected to the power supply unit of the monitoring box through a leakage protection switch to receive the ADC data fed back by the power supply unit of the monitoring box. The power supply unit of the monitoring box adopts a switching power supply structure and automatically performs soft start when powered on. The monitoring box power unit sends a self-test command to the infrared temperature probe, instructing the infrared temperature probe to perform a self-test and return the self-test result signal and temperature reading. The self-test result signal is a status code. When the status code is a first value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is normal. When the status code is a second value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is a communication failure. When the status code is a third value, it indicates that the self-test result of the infrared temperature probe is a measurement over-range.

5. The method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of automatically performing a self-test on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance also includes: A no-load test command is sent to the acoustic bubble sensor to instruct it to enter a silent measurement within a set time period. During the silent measurement, the acoustic bubble sensor collects ambient sound waves through a piezoelectric ceramic pickup unit and converts the ambient sound waves into a voltage signal. Based on the voltage signal, combined with the number of sampling points and the average voltage of all sampling points, the standard deviation of the voltage signal is calculated, and the acoustic bubble sensor is self-tested based on the standard deviation of the voltage signal.

6. The method for early warning of safety risks in highway engineering construction based on intelligent monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of automatically performing a self-test on the infrared temperature probe and acoustic bubble sensor after the foundation pit excavation supervision and acceptance also includes: When the standard deviation of the voltage signal does not exceed the set threshold and the communication response delay of the acoustic bubble sensor does not exceed the set duration, the self-test result of the acoustic bubble sensor is determined to be normal; otherwise, the self-test result of the acoustic bubble sensor is determined to be abnormal. The system periodically sends heartbeat packets to the host computer to obtain ACK confirmation from the host computer and calculates the packet loss rate. The heartbeat packet contains the device ID of the infrared temperature probe and the acoustic bubble sensor, the data acquisition timestamp, and the self-test result. If the packet loss rate does not exceed the set packet loss rate threshold, the current communication link is deemed qualified; otherwise, the current communication link is deemed unqualified, and the packet loss node is located.

7. A terminal, comprising a processor and a storage medium; characterized in that: The storage medium is used to store instructions; The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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