Transmission optical system for determining residual reflected color, manufacturing system thereof and device for evaluating residual

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmissive optical system (1). According to the invention, the transmissive optical system (1) comprises an optical base element (14) having a first face (11) and a second face (12), an interference coating (13) on the first face which provides the transmissive optical system with an average visible reflection coefficient Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, said transmissive optical system exhibiting a residual reflection color by reflection on said first face, the transmissive optical system comprises a residual color identifier (21) for being based in part on chromaticity coordinates of the transmissive optical system in the CIELab color space and in part on chromaticity coordinates of the transmissive optical system in the CIELUV color space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an antireflective transmission optical system, which is designed and / or identified as having a defined perceived reflective color.

[0002] The present invention also relates to an apparatus for evaluating, for example, the perceived difference in reflected color between two antireflective transmission optical systems in a pair of eyeglass lenses.

[0003] The present invention also relates to a system or apparatus for manufacturing an anti-reflection transmission optical system having a predetermined and reproducible perceived reflective color. Background Technology

[0004] It is known to apply an anti-reflective (AR) coating to ophthalmic lenses to reduce the average reflectance. In this way, the wearer's eye becomes more visible to the observer, and the wearer's comfort is improved. The anti-reflective coating is typically applied to the front of the lens.

[0005] However, antireflective coatings most often have residual reflective color. This residual reflective color is perceived by a person facing the lens wearer and receiving residual light reflected from the antireflective coating.

[0006] The residual reflective color can be, for example, green, blue, yellow (gold), orange, or purple, or any other combination thereof. Recently, there has been exploration of new chromaticity windows for AR coatings.

[0007] Transmissive optical systems (such as ophthalmic lenses) with antireflective coatings commercially available under a given trademark have their own specific residual reflection color. For example, in a pair of eyeglasses, the variability of perceived color from one lens to another can be problematic, where two individual lenses are placed adjacent to each other. Manufacturers must ensure the reproducibility of this residual reflection color, such that the perceived color is substantially the same from one lens to another, so that lens colors can be matched—that is, two lenses produced by the same industrial process cannot be distinguished from each other, and the observer perceives their residual reflection colors as identical.

[0008] In the past few years, lens reflection color matching has been based on feedback from color experts and therefore depends on the specific perception of the chosen color expert. Furthermore, once the lenses are manufactured, this involves disposing of unmatched lenses as waste, which is not satisfactory compared to sustainable methods.

[0009] Therefore, a system or device is needed to predict the perceived color of an anti-reflective ophthalmic lens. A system or device is also needed to assess the difference in perceived color between two anti-reflective ophthalmic lenses, or a device for lens color matching. A system is also needed to design an anti-reflective ophthalmic lens having a predetermined perceived color that can be reproduced in a production line. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a transmissive optical system comprising an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident optical light and a second surface through which the transmissive optical light exits, the transmissive optical system including an interference coating on the first surface, the interference coating providing the transmissive optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, the transmissive optical system exhibiting a residual reflective color by reflection on the first surface, wherein the transmissive optical system includes a residual color identifier for determining the residual reflective color, the residual color identifier being based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the transmissive optical system in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the transmissive optical system in the CIELUV color space.

[0011] According to a particular aspect of this disclosure, the residual color identifier is based on chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And based on the chromaticity value C from the CIELUV color space * UV, saturation value S * uv and a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color between a first transmissive optical system and a second transmissive optical system, wherein each of the first and second transmissive optical systems includes an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident optical light and a second surface through which the transmitted optical light exits; each of the first and second transmissive optical systems includes an interference coating located on the first surface, the interference coating providing an average visible light reflectance coefficient Rv of less than or equal to 2.5% for both the first and second transmissive optical systems; each of the first and second transmissive optical systems exhibits a residual reflection color through reflection on the first surface; the apparatus includes:

[0013] - An identification system adapted to read or determine residual color identifiers of the first transmission optical system and the second transmission optical system respectively; the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system is based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space, and the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system is based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space;

[0014] - A pairing unit, the pairing unit being adapted to determine a residual reflection color difference between the first transmission optical system and the second transmission optical system, the residual reflection color difference being based on a comparison between the residual color identifiers of the first transmission optical system and the residual color identifiers of the second transmission optical system.

[0015] Depending on a particular aspect, the pairing unit is adapted to determine whether the residual reflective color difference is included within a predetermined multidimensional pairing range.

[0016] Advantageously, the residual reflection color difference includes a set of parameters, which includes: chromaticity coordinates a from the CIELab color space. * and b * Exported tone deviation parameter ΔH * And the lightness difference ΔL, including chromaticity coordinates from the CIELab color space. * The saturation difference ΔS between the chromaticity coordinates and those from the CIELUV color space * The parameters for the depth of color tone.

[0017] According to another advantageous and specific aspect, the pairing unit is adapted to determine the hue deviation parameter ΔH. * Is it included in the predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH)? * min ,ΔH * max In, and wherein the pairing unit is adapted to determine the brightness difference ΔL * and the saturation difference ΔS * Whether it is included in the two-dimensional pairing range of predefined brightness difference and saturation difference.

[0018] Preferably, the predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH) * min ,ΔH * maxThe range of the predetermined lightness difference and saturation difference two-dimensional pairing depends on the hue angle value, and wherein the range of the predetermined lightness difference and saturation difference two-dimensional pairing depends on the hue angle value.

[0019] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the tone deviation parameter ΔH of the first transmission optical system compared to the second transmission optical system * equal Where Δh = h1 - h2 is the difference between the hue angle h1 of the first transmission optical system and the hue angle h2 of the second transmission optical system, and Where a1 and b1 are the chromaticity coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space, and C1 is the chromaticity of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space. Accordingly, a2 and b2 are the chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space, and C2 is the chromaticity of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the multidimensional pairing range is determined by machine learning, which involves taking a visual inspection of a set of transmissive optical systems to be compared with a reference optical system having a target residual reflective color as input data, and taking confirmation or rejection of pairing of the reference optical system with any of the transmissive optical systems in the set as output data.

[0021] Advantageously, the device includes a database of residual color identifiers for transmission optical systems, and the device is adapted to select a pair of two optical transmission systems in the database having a residual reflection color difference, wherein the hue deviation parameter ΔH * Included in the predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH) * min ,ΔH * max In, and wherein, the brightness difference ΔL * and the saturation difference ΔS * Included in the two-dimensional pairing range of predetermined brightness and saturation differences.

[0022] According to another aspect, the device includes a sorting module adapted to classify multiple pairs of optical transmission systems in a defined pairing range based on the hue angle value and / or based on the residual reflection color difference between the two optical transmission systems in each pair.

[0023] According to another aspect, the identification system includes:

[0024] i. A removal unit adapted to at least partially remove a region of the protective outer layer formed on the interference coating, and to define a region of the interference coating without the protective outer layer;

[0025] ii. A measurement unit adapted to provide measurements and / or calculations from a region of the interference coating without the protective outer layer, the measurements and / or calculations including chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chromaticity value C from the CIELUV color space * UV, or saturation value S * uv or a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them;

[0026] iii. An identification unit adapted to create the residual color identifier from the measurement and / or calculation performed by the measurement unit.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for manufacturing a transmission optical system, the transmission optical system comprising an optical base element and an interference coating on at least one surface of the base element, the interference coating providing the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, the transmission optical system exhibiting a predetermined residual reflection color through reflection on the surface, wherein the system comprises:

[0028] - A computer system, the computer system including optical design software, the optical design software being adapted to:

[0029] a) Defined theoretical interference coating, the theoretical interference coating comprising a dielectric layer stack, the theoretical interference coating having an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%;

[0030] b) Calculate the nominal hue angle and nominal residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, partly based on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space and partly based on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELUV color space;

[0031] c) Define the range of manufacturing variations in the dielectric layer stack to form a predictable set of interference coatings;

[0032] d) For each predictable interference coating in the set, calculate the predictable hue angle and predictable residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, based partly on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELUV color space;

[0033] e) For each predictable interference coating in the set, calculate the residual reflection color difference between the predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating based on the predictable residual reflection color identifier of the predictable interference coating and based on the nominal residual reflection color identifier of the theoretical interference coating;

[0034] f) Using a pairing database storing a predetermined multidimensional pairing range according to a predetermined hue angle, to confirm or reject the residual reflective color difference between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating in the set within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating, the multidimensional pairing range including a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences associated with the nominal hue angle and the nominal residual color identifier;

[0035] - A confirmation unit adapted to adjust the dielectric layer stack of the theoretical interference coating until a predetermined number or percentage of the predictable interference coating set is within the range of the multidimensional pairing associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating;

[0036] - Deposition unit, the deposition unit being used to deposit a dielectric layer stack on an optical base element according to the theoretical interference coating.

[0037] Depending on a particular aspect, the manufacturing system is configured such that, in step b), the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating is based on chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chromaticity value C from the CIELUV color space * UV, saturation value S * uv and a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them; and

[0038] In step d), the predictable residual color identifier for each predictable interference coating is based on chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chromaticity value C from the CIELUV color space * UV, or saturation value S* uv or a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them; and

[0039] In step e), the residual reflection color difference between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating includes: the chromaticity coordinates a from the CIELab color space for each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating. * and b * Exported tone deviation parameter ΔH * And the lightness difference ΔL, including the chromaticity coordinates from the CIELab color space. * The saturation difference ΔS between the chromaticity coordinates and those from the CIELUV color space * The parameters for the depth of color tone.

[0040] According to another aspect, the manufacturing system is configured such that the hue deviation parameter ΔH between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating... * equal Where Δh = h1 - h2 is the difference between the hue angle h1 of the predictable interference coating and the hue angle h2 of the theoretical interference coating, and Where a1 and b1 are the chromaticity coordinates of the predictable interference coating in the CIELab color space, and C1 is the chromaticity of the predictable interference coating in the CIELab color space. Accordingly, a2 and b2 are the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space, and C2 is the chromaticity of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following description, given with reference to the accompanying drawings, will make the scope of the invention and the ways in which it can be implemented clear. The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings. Accordingly, it should be understood that where a feature mentioned in a claim is followed by a reference numeral, such reference numerals are included only for the purpose of enhancing the comprehensibility of the claims and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0042] In the attached diagram:

[0043] - Figure 1 A side view of a transmission optical system with incident light, transmitted light, and reflected light is schematically shown;

[0044] - Figure 2Two transmissive optical systems with antireflective coatings on their convex and concave sides are shown, and these two transmissive optical systems exhibit different residual reflective colors through reflection;

[0045] - Figure 3 This shows the chromaticity coordinates L on the horizontal axis. * And based on the saturation value S on the vertical axis * uv A graph showing the perceived brightness, lightness, and saturation of the residual reflected color of a transmissive optical system assembly with an anti-reflective coating on its convex side, the transmissive optical system assembly presenting slightly different residual reflected colors through reflection; points represented by squares are associated with lenses that appear more saturated in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrow, points represented by triangles are associated with lenses that appear brighter in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrow, and points represented by stripes are associated with lenses that appear brighter in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrow;

[0046] - Figure 4 The tonal deviation parameter ΔH of the palette for various transmission optical systems of the orange AR lens type is shown. * A curve graph;

[0047] - Figure 5 The figure shows the saturation difference ΔS on the horizontal axis. * And based on the brightness difference ΔL on the vertical axis * Curves of perceived brightness, lightness, and saturation of residual reflected colors of different AR lenses;

[0048] - Figure 6 The hue deviation parameter ΔH for various AR green lenses is shown. * A curve graph;

[0049] - Figure 7 The figure shows the saturation difference ΔS on the horizontal axis. * And based on the brightness difference ΔL on the vertical axis * A graph showing the perceived brightness, lightness, and saturation of the residual reflected colors of various green lenses.

[0050] - Figure 8 An apparatus for evaluating the difference in residual reflected color between two transmission optical systems is schematically shown.

[0051] - Figure 9 A system for manufacturing a transmission optical system with an anti-reflection interference coating is schematically shown, the transmission optical system exhibiting a predetermined residual reflection color.

[0052] In the following description, the accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some features may be shown in a generalized or schematic form for clarity and brevity or for informational purposes. Furthermore, although various embodiments of manufacture and use are discussed in detail below, it should be understood that many inventive concepts, as described herein, can be implemented in a wide variety of contexts. The embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that all technical features defined relative to the method can be transposed individually or in combination to the apparatus, and conversely, all technical features defined relative to the apparatus can be transposed individually or in combination to the method.

[0053] definition

[0054] Average visible light reflectance R v This corresponds to the reflectance coefficient integrated over the visible spectrum between 380 nm and 780 nm, and weighted by the CIE observer's eye energy sensitivity curve under daylight illumination over the visible spectrum between 380 nm and 780 nm. More accurately, the average visible light reflectance R... v Defined by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Where R(λ) is the reflectance at wavelengths λ between 380 nm and 780 nm, V(λ) is the eye sensitivity function of a photopic observer in the color space defined by the CIE (Commission on Illumination, French "Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage") in 1931, and D65(λ) is the daylight illuminator defined in the CIES005 / E-1998 standard.

[0057] Device

[0058] Figure 1 An exemplary transmission optical system 1 according to this disclosure is shown. The transmission optical system 1 includes an optical base element 14 or a substrate.

[0059] The optical base element 14 can be, in particular, an optically transparent material having the shape of a transmissive optical system (e.g., an ophthalmic lens intended to be mounted in a pair of spectacle lenses). In this context, the term "substrate" refers to the basic building material of a transmissive optical system, and more specifically, an ophthalmic lens. This material acts as a support for a stack of one or more coatings or layers.

[0060] The substrate of the transmission optical system 1 can be formed as follows: Figure 1The convex-concave lens shown has a convex front side 11 and a concave back side 12. Alternatively, the front side 11 and / or the back side 12 may be flat.

[0061] The transmission optical system 1 includes an antireflective coating made of an interference coating 13 deposited on the front side 11 of a substrate. In this disclosure, it should be understood that a layer or coating deposited on or onto a substrate is intended to mean that the layer or coating is deposited on the outer surface of an outer coating of the article, which is the coating furthest from the substrate. The transmission optical system 1 also includes a residual color identifier 21, as detailed below.

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the interference coating 13 is deposited on a surface area of ​​the front side 11. However, the surface area with the interference coating 13 does not necessarily have to be the entire surface of the front side 11.

[0063] The interference coating 13 comprises a multilayer stack of dielectric layers. The number of layers in the stack ranges from 2 to 10, and is typically between 4 and 6. Each layer of the stack and the stack itself have a uniform thickness over its deposited surface area.

[0064] Interference coatings can be deposited directly onto bare substrates. It is generally preferred that the main surface of the substrate be coated with one or more functional coatings prior to the deposition of the antireflective coating, thereby improving its optical and / or mechanical properties. These functional coatings, conventionally used in optics, can be, but are not limited to, impact-resistant primers, abrasion-resistant coatings and / or scratch-resistant coatings (hard coatings), polarizing coatings, antistatic coatings, photochromic coatings, coloring coatings, or stacks of two or more such coatings.

[0065] Figure 1 The light source 5 that generates the incident beam 10 that is guided to the transmission optical system 1 is also shown, as well as the two main optical paths of the beam. When the transmitted light passes through the first surface 11 of the lens, the optical base element 14, and the second surface 12, a transmitted beam 30 is formed.

[0066] The interference coating 13 is designed to provide an average visible light reflectance R of less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2%, for transmission optical systems. v In other words, the interference coating 13 transmits most of the incident beam 10. However, the average visible light reflectance R... v The value is not zero. The interference multilayer coating 13 therefore reflects a small portion of the incident beam and forms the reflected beam 20.

[0067] An observer looking at the front 11 of the transmission optical system receives the reflected light beam 20. The observer perceives a residual reflected color, which depends on the interferometric coating 13, and particularly on the thickness and composition of the individual layers in the multilayer stack. Small variations in the multilayer stack can cause differences in the perception of the residual reflected color. Furthermore, the perception of the residual reflected color may depend on the observer. Therefore, in the prior art, it is difficult to accurately predict the residual reflected color of the interferometric coating.

[0068] Figure 2 Two transmission optical systems 1 and 2 are shown. More precisely, in this example, the lens has negative refractive power and is viewed from the observer's perspective (opposite to the wearer's perspective). Therefore, the upper reflection 20 represents the reflected color of the positive / convex surface of lens 1 and 2, respectively, while the smaller lower reflection 24 represents the reflected color of the opposite back / concave surface of lens 1 and 2. For positive refractive power lenses, a switching mechanism will be used.

[0069] This reflection 20 is obtained by illuminating a rectangular diffuse light source on a lens situated against a black background. The viewing angle is approximately 15 degrees (but not exactly). The image is sharp because the camera is focused on the reflection. On their front surfaces, each of the transmission optical systems 1 and 2 has an interference coating 13 and 23, respectively, which is designed to provide an average visible light reflectance R of less than or equal to 2.5% for each of the transmission optical systems 1 and 2. v In this example, the reflection 20 of transmission optics system 1 appears to have a green residual reflection color, while the reflection 20 of transmission optics system 2 appears to have a yellowish-green residual reflection color. This difference in residual reflection color can look unsightly when the two transmission optics systems 1 and 2 are mounted on the same frame to form a pair of eyeglass lenses. This difference in residual reflection color illustrates the difficulty of matching lens colors.

[0070] Each of the transmissive optical systems 1 and 2 includes residual color identifiers 21 and 22, respectively. For example, residual color identifiers 21 and 22 include text identifiers (comprising combinations of alphanumeric characters) and / or security identification marks, such as barcodes or QR codes, disposed on a pouch associated with the lens. The residual color identifiers are integrated into the lens itself, for example, as embedded security identification marks (e.g., holographic devices including holographic recordings manufactured using holographic technology). Alternatively, the residual color identifiers are printed on a label placed on the front of each transmissive optical system. Each residual color identifier is associated with a specific set of color coordinates representing the perceived residual reflective color of the transmissive optical system with the AR coating.

[0071] More precisely, the visual properties of perceived residual reflective color in AR coatings can be categorized into two main types: the first is related to hue, and the second to hue depth. Hue indicates the nature of the color: red, green, blue, yellow… hue corresponds to the general meaning of a color. Hue depth includes four other aspects used to characterize perceived residual reflective color: saturation indicates the intensity or purity of the color; brightness indicates whether the color is bright, shiny, or, conversely, matte; lightness (or “clarté” in French) indicates the transition from dark reflection to bright white reflection; and the fourth aspect is brilliance or dullness: brilliance colors are both saturated and bright, while dull colors are both unsaturated and matte. Several color palettes for lenses have been developed and associated with different brightness, saturation, and lightness of the same hue. These palettes can be used as a reference for visual comparison of AR coatings.

[0072] This disclosure presents tools for predicting and quantitatively evaluating the residual reflection color of interference coatings and for evaluating the difference in residual reflection color between a pair of transmission optical systems.

[0073] Existing colorimeters measure a set of three color coordinates (L, L) in the CIELab color space. * ,a * ,b * The CIELab color space is used to determine the color of objects and surfaces (such as interference coatings). Defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, the CIELab color space uses L... * Represents perceived brightness, and a * and b * Colors represented by human visual perception: red, green, blue, and yellow. Three color coordinates (L... * ,a * ,b * It can be transformed into polar coordinates L. * C * ab and h°, where the hue angle or hue h° = (180 / π).arctang(b * / a * And colorimetry Color coordinates (L) * ,a * ,b * ), Hue angle and chromaticity C * ab Defined in the CIELab 1976 color space, with an observer angle of 10° and a D65 illuminant.

[0074] The color of the surface is determined by coordinates (L) in the CIELab color space. * ,a * ,b* The point definition of ), where a * Measure the offset from red to green, and b * Measure the shift from yellow to blue. The hue angle (h) truly expresses color perception, and the chromaticity C... * ab The value truly expresses the perceived chromatic purity, that is, the position on a color scale extending from black to achromatic white (i.e., white without any hue) and down to saturated monochromatic (having a completely pure hue). As used in this article, perceived color truly means a color perceived as having a chromatic hue. A chromatic hue or hue represents the visual perception attribute that produces a general color name (e.g., blue, green, yellow, red, purple, etc.).

[0075] However, the three color coordinates (L * ,a * ,b * ) and the hue and chromaticity parameters C derived from it. * ab The residual reflective color of the antireflective coating cannot be correctly identified, nor can the difference in residual reflective color between two antireflective coatings be properly assessed.

[0076] According to this disclosure, the residual reflection color of the antireflective coating is further defined by at least one parameter outside the CIELab color space. More precisely, another color space is used, namely the CIELUV color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, which is specifically used to determine the color of light and light sources (such as electronic screens). The CIELUV color space consists of another set of three chromaticity coordinates (L... * ,u * ,v * ) is defined, where L * It is brightness, and u * and v * The color of light or a light source as perceived by human vision. Chromaticity coordinates (L...) in the CIELUV color space... * ,u * ,v * It can be transformed into chromaticity as follows: and saturation

[0077] This section provides an overview of saturation S in the CIELUV color space. * In L * a * b * There is no equivalent in the color space.

[0078] The residual reflective color of the antireflective coating is determined in this paper by a combination of color coordinates in the CIELab color space and the CIELUV color space. More precisely, the visual properties of perceived AR color are divided into two groups: the first group consists of hues that indicate the nature of the color (red, green, blue, etc.) and the second group includes the shades of the hue that depend on saturation, brightness, and / or lightness.

[0079] Preferably, the residual reflection color of the antireflective coating is determined herein by a residual color identifier based on at least four parameters: chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * and chromaticity values ​​from the CIELUV color space Saturation value and a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them.

[0080] The residual color identifier enables more accurate prediction of the residual reflection color of the antireflection coating than based solely on color coordinates in the CIELab color space. This contrasts with the assumption that the antireflection coating merely exhibits characteristics that can be entirely determined by L... * a * b * Contrary to the common sense that color coordinates define the residual reflected color of a surface, the residual color identifier as defined herein seems to take into account the residual reflected color generated by the antireflective coating, which acts as both a surface and a secondary light source. From this disclosure, L... * a * b * Color coordinates only partially define the residual reflective color of an AR coating, while a residual color identifier allows for the complete definition of the residual reflective color of an anti-reflective coating as perceived by the human eye. The residual color identifier enables rapid quantification of expert assessments of reflective color. The residual color identifier ensures the residual reflective color of any manufactured transmissive optics system with an AR coating.

[0081] The difference in residual reflected color between two optical systems with antireflective coatings can be expressed by comparing the residual color identifiers of the two optical systems. This difference in residual reflected color, based on at least four parameters, can be used to predict the acceptability of pairing two antireflective coatings.

[0082] This article defines the hue deviation parameter ΔH. * This was used to evaluate the perception of tonal differences between two transmission optical systems with antireflective coatings. The tonal deviation parameter ΔH... * Color coordinates based on the CIELab color space.

[0083] Saturation difference ΔS * (This only refers to the difference in brightness ΔL within the CIELUV color space) * Used to determine the perception of differences in hue depth. Lightness difference ΔL * This indicates the color space as CIELUV or CIELab.

[0084] Residual reflection color differences include, for example, a set of parameters, including: chromaticity coordinates a from the CIELab color space * and b * The obtained tone deviation parameter ΔH * And the lightness difference ΔL, including chromaticity coordinates from the CIELab color space. * The saturation difference ΔS between the chromaticity coordinates and those from the CIELUV color space * The parameters for the depth of color tone.

[0085] Therefore, all color differences between the residual reflected colors of an optical system with an antireflective coating can be represented using the hue deviation parameter ΔH. * One-dimensional scaling and 2D mapping of lightness and saturation differences (ΔL) * ,ΔS * ) is used to represent this.

[0086] Consider a first transmissive optical system 1 with an antireflective coating 13 and a second transmissive optical system 2 with another antireflective coating 23. The chromaticity coordinates a of the first transmissive optical system in the CIELab color space are... * b * and chromaticity The chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space are represented as a1, b1, and C1. * b * and chromaticity These are denoted as a2, b2, and C2. The chromaticity definition of the first transmission optical system in CIELab is as follows: Similarly, the chromaticity of the second transmission optical system in CIELab is defined as follows:

[0087] To compare the first transmission optical system 1 with the reference second transmission optical system 2, the tone deviation parameter ΔH * The following definitions are used in this paper:

[0088]

[0089] in

[0090]

[0091] Δh=h1-h2

[0092]

[0093] With the parameter ΔH that is always positive ab In comparison, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * It has a positive or negative sign depending on the chosen reference. The above applies to ΔH. * and ΔH ab The expression compares the first transmission optical system 1 with the second transmission optical system 2. When the second transmission optical system 2 is compared with the reference first transmission optical system 1, the tone deviation parameter ΔH * Having opposite signs, while ΔH ab It remains unchanged.

[0094] Saturation difference ΔS * The definition is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] in, and The chromaticity parameter of the first transmission optical system 1 in the CIELUV color space is chromaticity. And brightness L*;

[0097] and The chromaticity parameter of the second transmission optical system 2 in the CIELUV color space is chromaticity. And brightness L * .

[0098] The brightness difference ΔL used to compare the brightness of the second transmission optical system 1 with the brightness of the reference first transmission optical system 2. * The following definitions are used in this paper:

[0099]

[0100] Despite the fact that the antireflective coating is not a light source, at least a portion of the coordinates in the CIELUV color space are advantageously combined with coordinates in the CIELab color space to accurately define the residual reflected color of the antireflective coating.

[0101] Figure 3 The value L on the horizontal axis is shown. * And based on the saturation S defined in the CIELUV color space * uv Furthermore, the evolution of perceived saturation, brightness, and luminance was calculated for a color palette with a transmissive optical lens featuring a similar blue AR coating. Figure 3In this context, subsets of the palette with increased saturation are represented by squares, subsets with increased brightness are represented by rhombuses, and subsets with increased lightness are represented by triangles. Figure 3 In the diagram, the vertical arrows near the square indicate increased saturation, the upward arrows near the rhombus indicate increased brightness, and the downward arrows near the triangle indicate increased lightness.

[0102] from Figure 3 It can be observed that S * uv The parameter appears to be independent of the brightness L. * Chromaticity coordinates drive the perception of saturation / desaturation. However, the perception of brightness and lightness is related to S... * uv Parameters and brightness L * The chromaticity coordinates are all related.

[0103] Another palette, including lenses with different AR coatings, is used to analyze hue and hue depth in a transmission optical system. Figure 4 It shows the relationship with the placement of ΔH * Compared to the reference lens D3 at the x-axis of the scale (0), the hue deviation parameter ΔH of a group of such lenses (denoted as D1, D2, D7 to D6) is... * Reference lens D3 is orange, and the lens designated D1 is also orange; therefore, ΔH... * =0.6. A lens labeled D2 has a pinkish tint, where ΔH * =-1. A lens designated D4 has a reddish-pink color, where ΔH * =-2. Lenses labeled D5, D6, and D7 have a yellow tint, where ΔH * The values ​​are 2.5, 6, and 7 respectively. This shows the hue deviation parameter ΔH starting from the reference orange reflective color. * This scale of evolution shows that hue differences (i.e., appearing more red / pink than the orange reference, more yellow than the orange reference, or close to the orange reference) are clearly much lower (even negative, ΔH) than the respective differences. * =-1 or -2), much higher (ΔH) * =2.5, 6 and 7) or close to zero (ΔH) * The hue deviation parameter ΔH (=0.6) * Related.

[0104] Figure 5The diagram shows graphs illustrating the perceived brightness, lightness, and saturation of the residual reflected color of the orange AR color lens (represented by circles) compared to other color palettes, namely a green lens (represented by triangles), a sapphire lens (represented by rhombuses), and a driving AR coating (represented by squares). More precisely, the saturation difference ΔS of each color palette relative to a reference transmission optics system of that palette, based on chromaticity coordinates from the CIELUV color space on the horizontal axis. * And based on the brightness difference ΔL on the vertical axis * To represent the saturation difference ΔS. * It is calculated based on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELUV color space, as disclosed in equation (II), and the lightness difference ΔL * It is calculated based on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELab color space, as disclosed in Equation (III). Figure 5 In the AR lens, the reference point for each color palette is ΔS. * =0 and ΔL * =0 star shape.

[0105] In different AR lens series, point 31 shows no difference from the reference AR lens in that series. Point 32 appears brighter than the reference AR lens. Point 33 appears brighter than the reference AR lens. Point 34 appears dimmer than the reference AR lens. Point 35 appears less saturated than the reference AR lens. Point 36 appears more vibrant than the reference AR lens.

[0106] Figure 5 The highlight is (ΔL) * ,ΔS * The non-uniformity of the color space depends on the hue of the AR coating of the transmissive optical system under consideration.

[0107] about Figures 6 to 7 The study investigated the correlation between residual reflectance color differences based on at least four parameters and the ability of an antireflective coating to pair with another antireflective coating for specific hues of AR coatings.

[0108] Describes a series of different examples of green AR lenses ( Figures 6 to 7 Define quantitative values ​​and ranges for the acceptability of color pairings for each color or hue.

[0109] Figure 6 The figure shows the hue deviation parameter ΔH of different manufactured green AR lenses compared to a theoretical reference green AR lens, which has a dielectric layer stack with its own specific composition and theoretical thickness. *The curves show that the manufactured green AR lenses have the same layer composition; however, due to variations in manufacturing parameters, the thickness is not exactly the same as the theoretical layer thickness of the theoretical reference green AR lens.

[0110] More specifically, Table 1 below shows the characteristics of the theoretical reference green AR stack: the composition, refractive index, and thickness of each layer of the theoretical reference green AR stack deposited on the hard coating (layer 9 is closest to the substrate, and layer 1 is furthest). Considering that this reference stack is deposited on the hard coating indicated in the table, the principal theoretical chromaticity parameters of these layers were calculated. These parameters are provided in Table 2.

[0111]

[0112] Table 1: Theoretical Reference Green AR Stack

[0113] According to this theoretical reference, considering the manufacturing uncertainties regarding the thickness of the deposited layer, different AR stacks can be deposited on the same substrate and hard coating used for calculating theoretical chromaticity parameters, but they define specific chromaticity parameters and specific reflective colors that are different from the theoretical chromaticity parameters and reflective colors.

[0114] The hue deviation parameter ΔH was calculated between each lens and the reference green AR lens. * The reference green AR lens has a nominal hue angle h of 135 degrees. A group of observers examined each lens and compared it to the reference green AR lens for pairing acceptability.

[0115] exist Figure 6 In the middle, compared with the reference green AR(ΔH) * Compared to (=0), the negative hue deviation parameter ΔH * Corresponding to a more yellowish color, the positive hue deviation parameter ΔH * Corresponding to a more bluish color. The two regions are identified through this visual observation: Region 1 or Region 1, where the hue deviation parameter ΔH... * The zone between approximately -3.3 and +4.2 is where lens pairing with the reference lens is acceptable and falls within the green palette; the second zone, or zone 2, is where the hue deviation parameter ΔH... * A value below approximately -3.3 or above approximately +4.2 is considered unacceptable when paired with a reference green AR lens (too yellow and too blue, respectively) and falls outside the green palette.

[0116] exist Figures 6 to 7 In the diagram, the + symbol indicates a lens that is considered to be a match (or possibly a match) with the reference lens under consideration, and the x symbol indicates a lens that is considered not to be a match (or not a match) with the reference lens under consideration.

[0117] Hue deviation parameter ΔH * A one-dimensional curve plot allows for the determination of the tone deviation parameter ΔH. * The range of values ​​for which a green AR lens can be paired with a reference green lens without any observer noticing an excessive hue difference is defined as follows: -3.3 ≤ ΔH * ≤+4.2.

[0118] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates a group of green lenses with various residual reflective colors, based on the difference in lightness ΔL. * And saturation difference ΔS * A two-dimensional mapping of the hue depth parameter. A group of observers qualitatively evaluate each lens. Based on the difference in lightness ΔL * And saturation difference ΔS * The two-dimensional mapping of the hue depth parameter enables the determination of (ΔL) corresponding to the qualitative hue depth. * ,ΔS * The precise area of ​​the lens. Lenses are sorted by groups of lenses with similar shades and labeled 40, 41, 42...49. Around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 40 in the region (0,0) corresponds to the lens group closest to the reference green lens, where ΔL * and ΔS * Approximately -0.15 ≤ ΔS * ≤+0.2 and -1≤ΔL * ≤1. -0.1≤ΔS * ≤0 and -2.5≤ΔL * ≤0, around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 41 in the region (-0.05, -1.25) is characterized as matte. -0.25≤ΔS * ≤-0.08 and -1≤ΔL * ≤-3, around the point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 42 in the region (-0.15, -2.0) is characterized as dim. -0.4≤ΔS * ≤-0.1 and -2≤ΔL * ≤0, around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 43 in the region (-0.25, -1.0) is characterized as desaturated. 0 ≤ ΔS * ≤+0.1 and -3≤ΔL * ≤-1, around point (ΔS) *,ΔL * Lens group 44 in the region (+0.05, -2.0) is characterized as dark. 0.1 ≤ ΔS * ≤0.5 and -3≤ΔL * ≤+1, around the point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 45 in the region (+0.3, -1.0) is characterized as saturated. Approximately +0.1 ≤ ΔS * ≤+0.4 and 0.5≤ΔL * ≤3, around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 46 in the region (+0.25, +1.0) is characterized as brilliant. Approximately 0 ≤ ΔS * ≤+0.3 and 1≤ΔL * ≤7, around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 47 in the region (+0.15, +4.0) is characterized as bright. Approximately 0.1 ≤ ΔS * ≤0 and 1≤ΔL * ≤5, around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 48 in the region (-0.05, +3.0) is characterized as clear or bright. Approximately ΔS * ≤0 and 7≤ΔL * ≤14, around point (ΔS) * ,ΔL * Lens group 49 in the region (-0.20, +10.0) is characterized as very clear or very bright.

[0119] Figure 7 Dashed lines are also shown defining the range used to pair the green lens with a reference green lens. Hue depth parameter (ΔL) * ΔS * The two-dimensional curve plot allows for the determination of the saturation difference ΔS. * Difference in brightness ΔL * The value range is defined as follows: A green AR lens can be paired with a reference green lens.

[0120] For -0.35≤ΔS * <0 and ΔL * <7;

[0121] And for 0≤ΔS * Any ΔL * .

[0122] Therefore, for a reference green lens, the hue deviation parameter ΔH * Within a defined one-dimensional range and with a saturation difference ΔS * Difference in brightness ΔL * Three attributes (ΔH) within a defined two-dimensional range * ΔS * ΔL * The combination of these parameters can determine whether the green AR lens can be paired with the reference green lens:

[0123] -3.3≤ΔH * ≤+4.2

[0124] For -0.35≤ΔS * <0 and ΔL * <7;

[0125] And for 0≤ΔS * Any ΔL * .

[0126] from Figure 6 The hue deviation parameter ΔH is obtained. * The range of values ​​used for pairing is different for the reference green lens. In other words, the pairing range (ΔH) of the hue deviation parameter is different. * min ,ΔH * The maximum value depends on the hue or hue angle of the reference transmission optics system.

[0127] from Figure 7 It is derived that ΔS * The perception of saturation / desaturation is driven by ΔL. * (where ΔS) * <0) drives the perception of brightness.

[0128] For other antireflective coatings with other residual reflective colors (such as blue, yellow (gold), orange, pink, or purple, etc.), the hue deviation parameter ΔH can be obtained. * and based on the difference in brightness ΔL * And saturation difference ΔS * A similar curve to the two-dimensional mapping of the hue depth parameter.

[0129] Therefore, a database of multidimensional pairing ranges can be obtained for various reference transmission optical systems with antireflective coatings that provide an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%. This database can be used to automatically determine whether a transmission optical system with an antireflective coating can be paired with a reference transmission optical system with a known residual color identifier.

[0130] Table 2 below provides the theoretical chromaticity parameters of the theoretical green AR reference (nominal) and the chromaticity parameters of the six ARs manufactured from this theoretical green AR reference:

[0131]

[0132] Table 2: Key chromaticity parameters of green AR references and six manufactured ARs deposited on the same hard coating / substrate assembly

[0133] The following recollection refers to the three properties (ΔH) determined for the reference green lens. * ΔS * ΔL * Of the above combinations, all samples are pairable, but samples 1, 2, and 6 will appear slightly more yellow, with their ΔH... * (-3.1, -2.9, and -3.2) are close to ΔH * min = -3.3:

[0134] -3.3≤ΔH * ≤+4.2

[0135] For -0.35≤ΔS * <0 and ΔL * <7;

[0136] And for 0≤ΔS * Any ΔL * .

[0137] Sample 4 corresponds to in Figure 2 The AR shown above appears more green, and sample 6 corresponds to the same... Figure 2 Another AR appears more yellow in the middle.

[0138] Figure 8 An apparatus 100 for evaluating the residual reflection color difference between a first transmission optical system 1 and a second transmission optical system 2 is schematically shown. The first transmission optical system 1 and the second transmission optical system 2 are, for example, related to... Figure 2 The disclosed transmission optical system. Alternatively, the second transmission optical system 2 corresponds to the reference transmission optical system, whose residual color identifier is known and stored in database 130.

[0139] Device 100 includes an identification system 110, which is adapted to read or identify the residual color identifier 21 of the first transmission optical system and the residual color identifier 22 of the second transmission optical system, respectively.

[0140] In the first example, each transmission optical system 1, 2 includes residual color identifiers 21, 22. For example, residual color identifiers 21, 22 include a set of four parameters: chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * and chromaticity values ​​from the CIELUV color space Alternatively, the residual color identifiers 21 and 22 include a set of four parameters: chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * as well as The saturation values ​​are from the CIELUV color space. Alternatively, the residual color identifiers 21 and 22 include a set of five parameters: chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * and chromaticity coordinates u from the CIELUV color space * and v * .

[0141] Depending on the specific type of residual color identifiers 21 and 22, the identification system 110 includes, for example, a camera suitable for reading text identifiers, a barcode reader, a QR code reader, and / or a system suitable for reading holographic images.

[0142] However, each transmission optical system lacks an associated residual color identifier. For example, in the post-manufacturing stage, the first transmission optical system 1 with an anti-reflective coating does not yet have a residual color identifier. The identification system 110 is capable of determining the residual color identifier of the transmission optical system under consideration. For this purpose, the identification system 110 further includes a removal unit 111, a measurement unit 112, and an identification unit 113.

[0143] The removal unit 111 is adapted to at least partially remove areas of the protective outer layer formed on the interference coating 13 of the first transmission optical system 1, so as to define areas of the interference coating 13 without the protective outer layer. Preferably, the protective outer layer is removed from limited and useless areas. For example, the removal unit 111 is adapted to remove areas of the protective outer layer by wiping with a soft cloth. Optionally, the removal unit 111 is adapted to clean the surface of the interference coating 13 without the protective outer layer before measurement is performed.

[0144] Measurement unit 112 is adapted to provide measurements and / or calculations from areas of the interference coating without the protective outer layer. For example, measurement unit 112 includes components adapted to measure the chromaticity coordinates L of the interference coating 13 in the CIELab color space. * a * and b *A colorimeter and a spectrophotometer or SMR (scanning refractive index measurement system) suitable for measuring the reflectance spectrum of the interference coating, wherein the chromaticity coordinates u of the interference coating 13 in the CIELUV color space. * and v * It is calculated from the reflectance spectrum. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring unit 112 is adapted to measure the chromaticity coordinates u in the CIELUV color space. * and v * And calculating the chromaticity value C * uv Alternatively or additionally, the measuring unit 112 is adapted to measure the chromaticity value C in the CIELUV color space. * uv And the lightness (L) in the CIELab or CIELUV color space * The saturation value S is calculated using chromaticity coordinates. * uv .

[0145] Therefore, the measurement unit 112 is adapted to determine the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system 1 by measurement and / or calculation based on at least four parameters: chromaticity coordinates L from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * and chromaticity values ​​from the CIELUV color space Saturation value and a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them.

[0146] Similarly, the measurement unit 112 is adapted to determine the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system 2.

[0147] According to various embodiments, the measurement unit 112 is adapted to measure the chromaticity coordinates of the interference coating 13 and the second interference coating 23 in both the CIELab color space and the CIELUV color space, either sequentially or simultaneously.

[0148] The device 100 may optionally further include an identification unit 113 adapted to create a residual color identifier of the transmission optical system from measurements and / or calculations performed by the measurement unit 112. For example, the identification unit 113 includes a printer adapted to print combinations of alphanumeric characters on a label to be affixed to the transmission optical system or on a bag associated with the transmission optical system. Alternatively, the identification unit 113 includes a system adapted to generate a barcode or QR code. Still alternatively, the identification unit 113 includes a system adapted to record an embedded security identification mark (such as a hologram) within the transmission optical system.

[0149] The identification system 110 stores the residual color identifiers of the two optical transmission systems 1 and 2 in the database 130. Alternatively, if the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system is already stored in the database 130 as the residual color identifier of the reference AR lens, the identification system 110 records only the residual color identifier of the first optical transmission system 1.

[0150] The device 100 also includes a pairing unit 120 adapted to determine the residual reflection color difference between the first transmission optical system 1 and the second transmission optical system 2. More precisely, the residual reflection color difference is based on a comparison between the residual color identifier 21 of the first transmission optical system 1 and the residual color identifier 22 of the second transmission optical system 2. Preferably, the pairing unit 120 is adapted to calculate the chromaticity coordinates a from the CIELab color space. * and b * Exported tone deviation parameter ΔH * And the lightness difference ΔL, including chromaticity coordinates from the CIELab color space. * The saturation difference ΔS between the chromaticity coordinates and those from the CIELUV color space * The hue depth parameter. Equation (I) disclosed herein enables the calculation of the hue deviation parameter ΔH. * Equation (II) disclosed herein enables the calculation of the saturation difference ΔS. * Equation (III) disclosed herein enables the calculation of the lightness difference ΔL. * Equations (I) through (III) are summarized to compare the first transmission optical system 1 with the second transmission optical system 2. In contrast, when comparing the second transmission optical system 2 with the first transmission optical system 1, the hue deviation parameter ΔH... * Saturation difference ΔS * Difference in brightness ΔL * The positive and negative signs are all reversed.

[0151] Advantageously, the pairing unit 120 is adapted to determine whether the residual reflective color difference is included in a predetermined multidimensional pairing range.

[0152] For example, the second transmission optical system 2 is a reference AR lens associated with this predetermined multidimensional pairing range. The predetermined multidimensional pairing range of the reference AR lens can be stored in a database 130. The pairing unit includes a calculation unit adapted to first determine the hue deviation parameter ΔH. * Is it included in the predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH)? * min,ΔH * In max). If the hue deviation parameter ΔH *Outside the predetermined hue deviation range, the pairing unit 120 generates a mispairing result associated with the two considered transmission optical systems. If the hue deviation parameter ΔH... * Within the predetermined hue deviation range, the pairing unit 120 calculates the lightness difference ΔL. * And saturation difference ΔS * Whether it is included in the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences. If the lightness difference ΔL * And saturation difference ΔS * Outside the predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences, pairing unit 120 generates unpairable results associated with the two considered transmission optical systems. In contrast, if the hue deviation parameter ΔH... * Within the predetermined hue deviation range and the brightness difference ΔL * And saturation difference ΔS * Within a predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of brightness and saturation differences, pairing unit 120 generates pairable results associated with the two considered transmission optical systems.

[0153] For example, the predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH) * min,ΔH * The maximum value (max) depends on the hue angle value of the reference AR lens. Similarly, the predetermined two-dimensional pairing ranges for brightness difference and saturation difference depend on the hue angle value of the reference AR lens.

[0154] If neither of the two transmission optical systems is a reference AR lens, then the pairing unit 120 bases its pairing on the hue deviation parameter ΔH between the first or second transmission optical system and the reference AR lens. * Difference in brightness ΔL * And saturation difference ΔS * A predetermined multidimensional pairing range is used, which is closest to a reference AR lens compared to either the first or second transmission optical system. Alternatively, pairing unit 120 uses a pairing range that includes a predetermined hue deviation (ΔH). * min,ΔH * The interpolation values ​​of the two-dimensional pairing ranges of brightness difference and saturation difference are interpolated from two nearest reference AR lenses compared with one of the first or second transmission optical systems.

[0155] According to a specific aspect of this disclosure, device 100 includes a machine learning module 140. For example, machine learning module 140 is envisioned to determine a multidimensional pairing range associated with a reference AR lens. The machine learning module involves taking as input data a visual inspection of a set of transmissive optics to be compared with a reference optics system having a target residual reflective color, and as output data the confirmation or rejection of a pairing between the reference optics system and any of the transmissive optics in that set. Therefore, the output data of machine learning module 140 can be stored in database 130.

[0156] Apparatus 100 enables the pairing of manufactured transmissive optical systems based on residual color identifiers of the AR-coated transmissive optical systems. As disclosed herein, a comparison of two residual color identifiers is used to predict whether two transmissive optical systems are pairable. Based solely on the residual color identifiers, it can be numerically determined whether two AR optical systems are pairable. Conversely, if a first transmissive optical system is not pairable with a second reference transmissive optical system based on a comparison of their residual color identifiers, the first transmissive optical system can be ignored and not paired with the second transmissive optical system.

[0157] Multiple pairs of AR coatings can be digitally paired in database 130 based on their residual color identifiers. Furthermore, all manufactured transmissive optical systems with AR coatings can be sorted in pairs according to their residual color identifiers. For this purpose, device 100 includes a sorting module 150 adapted to classify multiple pairs of optical transmissive systems when their residual color identifiers fall within a defined pairing range. As described above, the defined pairing range includes multidimensional pairing ranges. For example, the defined pairing range includes a one-dimensional defined hue deviation range and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences. Typically, the defined pairing range depends on the hue angle value of one of the transmissive optical systems. Alternatively or additionally, the pairing range depends on the residual reflected color difference between the two optical transmissive systems in each pair. For example, the set of manufactured transmissive optical systems with AR coatings is sorted by using a first lens with a first residual color identifier as a reference and determining whether the hue deviation parameter compared to the first lens is within or outside a predetermined pairing range for each other transmissive optical system. Transmitted optical systems exhibiting hue deviation parameters outside the predetermined pairing range associated with the first lens are ignored and not paired with the first lens. The brightness and saturation differences of other transmitted optical systems are then compared to the predetermined pairing range associated with the first lens. The lens closest to the first lens within the multidimensional pairing range is paired with the first lens and can be placed adjacent to each other in sorting module 150. This process is repeated until the entire assembly of manufactured transmitted optical systems with AR coating is completely sorted in sorting module 150.

[0158] Known residual color identifiers for a first transmissive optics system with an AR coating, the apparatus 100 and method disclosed herein enable selection of a second pairable transmissive optics system based on the residual color identifier of that system. The apparatus 100 is used to replace a broken anti-reflective lens while an unbroken AR lens remains mounted on a frame. The apparatus 100 enables rapid identification of a new AR lens with a residual color identifier that ensures the new AR lens exhibits a residual reflective color matching that of the unbroken AR lens.

[0159] Residual color identifiers are also useful during the design of new interference coatings for transmission optical systems, in order to predict the color of the antireflective coating and ensure its robust manufacturing.

[0160] To this end, optical design software (third-party commercial design software programs, such as TFCalc, Essential Macleod, OptiLayer, FilmStar, etc.) running on a computer system is used to define the theoretical interference coating, which includes the dielectric layer stack. The optical design software is used to simulate the response of the theoretical interference coating and calculate the average visible light reflectance Rv of the theoretical interference coating. The optical design software is adapted to adjust the thickness of different layers in the stack such that the average visible light reflectance Rv is less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2.0%.

[0161] Furthermore, the optical design software is adapted to calculate the nominal residual color identifier based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELUV color space. Preferably, the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating is based on at least four parameters: the chromaticity coordinates L of the theoretical interference coating from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * And the chromaticity values ​​of the theoretical interference coating from the CIELUV color space. Saturation value and a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them. The optical design software is also based on the ratio a in the above equation. * / b * The nominal hue angle (h) of the theoretically interfering coating in the CIELab color space is calculated.

[0162] The manufacturing variation range within the dielectric layer stack is input into the optical design software as input data. For example, the manufacturing variation range includes the minimum, maximum, uncertainty, and step size of several variable parameters (such as layer thickness). Based on the manufacturing variation range, the optical design software generates a set of predictable interference coatings. Each predictable interference coating in the set corresponds to a specific dielectric layer stack within a defined manufacturing variation range.

[0163] For each predictable interference coating in the set, the optical design software is adapted to calculate a predictable residual color identifier based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELUV color space. Preferably, the predictable residual color identifier for each predictable interference coating is based on at least four parameters: the chromaticity coordinates L of each predictable interference coating from the CIELab color space. * a * and b * and the chromaticity values ​​of each predictable interference coating from the CIELUV color space. Saturation value and a pair of chromaticity coordinates u * and v * At least one of them. The optical design software also uses the above equation based on the ratio a of each predictable interference coating. * / b * The predictable hue angle (h) of each predictable interference coating in the CIELab color space is calculated.

[0164] Therefore, for each predictable interference coating in the set, the optical design software is adapted to calculate the difference in residual reflection color between the predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating based on the predictable residual reflection color identifier of the predictable interference coating and the nominal residual reflection color identifier of the theoretical interference coating.

[0165] The pairing database stores at least one predetermined multidimensional pairing range preferably associated with the nominal hue angle of the theoretical interference coating. Preferably, the multidimensional pairing range includes a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences associated with the nominal hue angle and the nominal residual color identifier.

[0166] For example, the theoretical interference coating is a reference green lens, and the multidimensional pairing range includes the pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle of the reference green lens (e.g., regarding...). Figure 6 As disclosed), and the two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences associated with the nominal hue angle of the reference green lens and the nominal residual color identifier (as per [the disclosure]). Figure 7 disclosed).

[0167] Optical design software is adapted to use a pairing database to confirm or reject the residual reflective color difference between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating within a predetermined multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating.

[0168] The optical design software further includes a verification unit adapted to adjust the thickness of the layers in the stack of theoretical interference coatings until a predetermined number or percentage of the predictable interference coating set is within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating. For example, alternatively, the predetermined percentage is preferably set to 80%, more preferably 90%, and more preferably 97%.

[0169] Therefore, optical design software can identify a set of predictable interference coatings with predictable residual reflection colors that match the theoretical interference coating's residual reflection color. This set of predictable interference coatings enables the fabrication of desired dielectric layer stacks with reliable and reproducible residual reflection colors, while remaining within defined manufacturing variations. Consequently, all fabricated dielectric layer stacks can be paired with each other. Dielectric layer stacks that can be paired with another AR coating can be easily fabricated without requiring color experts to individually verify each predictable interference coating in the set.

[0170] Furthermore, the optical design software is not only effective for specific values ​​of the nominal hue, but can also be easily adjusted to different hues using and / or by using a matching database.

[0171] Figure 9 A system 200 for manufacturing a transmission optical system 1 is shown, the transmission optical system including an optical base element 14 and an interference coating 13 on at least one surface 11 of the base element 14. The interference coating 13 is designed and manufactured such that the transmission optical system 1 provides an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2.0%, and such that the transmission optical system 1 presents a predetermined residual reflective color through reflection on the surface 11.

[0172] More precisely, the system 200 for manufacturing the transmission optical system 1 includes a computer system 201 and a deposition unit 280, the computer system being configured to operate optical design software, and the deposition unit being used to deposit a stack of dielectric layers on optical base elements. The deposition unit 280 is typically located away from the computer system 201.

[0173] More precisely, the optical design software includes module 210, which is designed to define a theoretical interference coating comprising a stack of dielectric layers to be deposited on a theoretical base element in order to simulate a transmission optical system. The dielectric layer stack is typically defined by the total number of layers, the thickness of each layer, their composition, the optical refractive index of each layer, and the order of each layer relative to the base element and the other layers in the stack. Module 210 is adapted to calculate the average visible light reflectance Rv of the theoretical interference coating. More precisely, the theoretical interference coating is defined to provide an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2.0%, to the transmission optical system.

[0174] The optical design software includes module 220, which is used to calculate the nominal hue angle of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space and the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating, as disclosed herein, based partly on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELUV color space.

[0175] The optical design software includes module 230, which defines the range of manufacturing variations within the dielectric layer stack. Module 230 enables the formation of a predictable set of interference coatings that covers the entire range of manufacturing variations.

[0176] The optical design software includes module 240, which is used to calculate the predictable hue angle and predictable residual color identifier in the CIELab color space for each predictable interference coating in the set, as disclosed herein.

[0177] The optical design software includes module 250, which calculates the residual reflection color difference between a predictable interference coating and a theoretical interference coating for each predictable interference coating in the set, based on a predictable residual reflection color identifier of the predictable interference coating and a nominal residual reflection color identifier of the theoretical interference coating. Preferably, module 250 calculates the hue deviation parameter ΔH of each predictable interference coating in the set compared to the theoretical interference coating based on equations (I), (II), and (III). * Difference in brightness ΔL * And saturation difference ΔS * .

[0178] The optical design software includes module 260, which is used to confirm or reject the residual reflective color difference between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating in the set, within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating. Module 260 uses a pairing database of at least one predetermined multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal hue angle of the theoretical interference coating. Preferably, the pairing database includes several predetermined multidimensional pairing ranges according to the predetermined hue angle.

[0179] The optical design software includes a verification unit 270, which is adapted to adjust the dielectric layer stack of the theoretical interference coating until module 260 obtains a predetermined number or percentage of the predictable interference coating set within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating.

[0180] When a predetermined quantity or percentage is reached, the computer system 201 is adapted to send instructions to the deposition unit 280 to deposit a dielectric layer stack on the optical base element according to the theoretical interference coating. Optionally, the system 200 further includes an identification unit 113 adapted to create a residual color identifier for each transmission optical system based on a predictable residual color identifier calculated by the module 240.

[0181] System 200 for manufacturing transmission optical systems enables the design of novel theoretical AR coatings and the evaluation of their robustness to define matable manufactured antireflective stacks. System 200 avoids the high prototyping workload and time-consuming expertise required from color experts to define antireflective stacks with predictable residual reflective colors reproducible under manufacturing conditions. The manufacturing system and method according to this disclosure are not limited to a specific hue angle of the antireflective coating and can be readily applied for any other hue.

Claims

1. A transmission optical system comprising an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident optical light and a second surface through which the transmitted optical light exits, the transmission optical system including an interference coating on the first surface, the interference coating providing the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, the transmission optical system exhibiting residual reflectance color through reflection on the first surface, wherein, The transmission optical system includes a residual color identifier for determining the residual reflected color, the residual color identifier being based in part on the chromaticity coordinates of the transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and in part on the chromaticity coordinates of the transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space.

2. The transmission optical system according to claim 1, wherein, The residual color identifier is based on the chromaticity coordinates L*, a*, and b* from the CIELab color space and the chromaticity value C* from the CIELUV color space. uv Saturation value S* uv and at least one of a pair of chromaticity coordinates u* and v*.

3. An apparatus for evaluating the difference in residual reflected color between a first transmission optical system and a second transmission optical system, wherein, Each of the first and second transmission optical systems includes an optical base element having a first surface adapted to receive incident optical light and a second surface through which the transmitted optical light exits. Each of the first and second transmission optical systems includes an interference coating located on the first surface, the interference coating providing an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5% for both the first and second transmission optical systems. Each of the first and second transmission optical systems exhibits a residual reflective color through reflection on the first surface. The device includes: - An identification system adapted to read or determine residual color identifiers of the first transmission optical system and the second transmission optical system respectively; the residual color identifier of the first transmission optical system is based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space, and the residual color identifier of the second transmission optical system is based partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELUV color space; - A pairing unit, the pairing unit being adapted to determine a residual reflection color difference between the first transmission optical system and the second transmission optical system, the residual reflection color difference being based on a comparison between the residual color identifiers of the first transmission optical system and the residual color identifiers of the second transmission optical system.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein, The pairing unit is adapted to determine whether the residual reflective color difference is included in a predetermined multidimensional pairing range.

5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The residual reflection color difference includes a set of parameters, which includes: a hue deviation parameter ΔH* derived from the chromaticity coordinates a* and b* in the CIELab color space, and a hue depth parameter including a lightness difference ΔL* from the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELab color space and a saturation difference ΔS* from the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELUV color space.

6. The device according to claims 4 and 5, wherein, The pairing unit is adapted to determine whether the hue deviation parameter ΔH* is included in a predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH*). min ,ΔH* max In the context of the pairing unit, the pairing unit is adapted to determine whether the lightness difference ΔL* and the saturation difference ΔS* are included in a predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of lightness difference and saturation difference.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein, The predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH*) min ,ΔH* max The range of the predetermined lightness difference and saturation difference two-dimensional pairing depends on the hue angle value, and wherein the range of the predetermined lightness difference and saturation difference two-dimensional pairing depends on the hue angle value.

8. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein, The hue deviation parameter ΔH* between the first and second transmission optical systems is equal to... Where Δh = h1 - h2 is the difference between the hue angle h1 of the first transmission optical system and the hue angle h2 of the second transmission optical system, and Where a1 and b1 are the chromaticity coordinates of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space, and C1 is the chromaticity of the first transmission optical system in the CIELab color space. Accordingly, a2 and b2 are the chromaticity coordinates of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space, and C2 is the chromaticity of the second transmission optical system in the CIELab color space.

9. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein, The multidimensional pairing range is determined by machine learning, which involves taking a visual inspection of a set of transmissive optical systems to be compared with a reference optical system having a target residual reflective color as input data, and confirming or rejecting the pairing of the reference optical system with any of the transmissive optical systems in the set as output data.

10. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the device includes a database of residual color identifiers of a transmission optical system, and wherein, The device is adapted to select a pair of optical transmission systems with the following residual reflection color difference from the database, wherein the hue deviation parameter ΔH* is included within a predetermined hue deviation pairing range (ΔH*). min ,ΔH* max In the context of ), the lightness difference ΔL* and the saturation difference ΔS* are included in a predetermined two-dimensional pairing range of lightness difference and saturation difference.

11. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 10, comprising a sorting module adapted to classify multiple pairs of optical transmission systems in a determined pairing range based on the hue angle value and / or based on the residual reflection color difference between the two optical transmission systems in each pair.

12. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein, The identification system includes: i. A removal unit adapted to at least partially remove a region of the protective outer layer formed on the interference coating, and to define a region of the interference coating without the protective outer layer; ii. A measurement unit adapted to provide measurements and / or calculations from a region of the interference coating without the protective outer layer, the measurements and / or calculations including chromaticity coordinates L*, a*, and b* from the CIELab color space and chromaticity values ​​C* from the CIELUV color space. uv or saturation value S* uv Or at least one of a pair of chromaticity coordinates u* and v*; iii. An identification unit adapted to create the residual color identifier from the measurement and / or calculation performed by the measurement unit.

13. A system for manufacturing a transmission optical system, the transmission optical system comprising an optical base element and an interference coating on at least one surface of the base element, the interference coating providing the transmission optical system with an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%, the transmission optical system exhibiting a predetermined residual reflection color through reflection on the surface, wherein, The system includes: - A computer system, the computer system including optical design software, the optical design software being adapted to: a) Defined theoretical interference coating, the theoretical interference coating comprising a dielectric layer stack, the theoretical interference coating having an average visible light reflectance Rv of less than or equal to 2.5%; b) Calculate the nominal hue angle and nominal residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, partly based on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space and partly based on the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELUV color space; c) Define the range of manufacturing variations in the dielectric layer stack to form a predictable set of interference coatings; d) For each predictable interference coating in the set, calculate the predictable hue angle and predictable residual color identifier in the CIELab color space, based partly on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELab color space and partly on the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELUV color space; e) For each predictable interference coating in the set, calculate the residual reflection color difference between the predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating based on the predictable residual reflection color identifier of the predictable interference coating and based on the nominal residual reflection color identifier of the theoretical interference coating; f) Using a pairing database storing a predetermined multidimensional pairing range according to a predetermined hue angle, to confirm or reject the residual reflective color difference between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating in the set within a multidimensional pairing range associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating, the multidimensional pairing range including a pairing range of hue deviation parameters associated with the nominal hue angle and a two-dimensional pairing range of lightness and saturation differences associated with the nominal hue angle and the nominal residual color identifier; - A confirmation unit, the confirmation unit being adapted to adjust the dielectric layer stack of the theoretical interference coating until a predetermined number or percentage of the predictable interference coating set is within the range of the multidimensional pairing associated with the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating; - Deposition unit, the deposition unit being used to deposit a dielectric layer stack on an optical base element according to the theoretical interference coating.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein: In step b), the nominal residual color identifier of the theoretical interference coating is based on the chromaticity coordinates L*, a*, and b* from the CIELab color space and the chromaticity value C* from the CIELUV color space. uv Saturation value S* uv and at least one of a pair of chromaticity coordinates u* and v*; and In step d), the predictable residual color identifier for each predictable interference coating is based on the chromaticity coordinates L*, a*, and b* from the CIELab color space and the chromaticity value C* from the CIELUV color space. uv or saturation value S* uv Or at least one of a pair of chromaticity coordinates u* and v*; and In step e), the residual reflection color difference between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating includes: a hue deviation parameter ΔH* derived from the chromaticity coordinates a* and b* in the CIELab color space for each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating, and a hue depth parameter including a lightness difference ΔL* from the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELab color space and a saturation difference ΔS* from the chromaticity coordinates in the CIELUV color space.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein, The hue deviation parameter ΔH* between each predictable interference coating and the theoretical interference coating is equal to... Where Δh = h1 - h2 is the difference between the hue angle h1 of the predictable interference coating and the hue angle h2 of the theoretical interference coating, and Where a1 and b1 are the chromaticity coordinates of the predictable interference coating in the CIELab color space, and C1 is the chromaticity of the predictable interference coating in the CIELab color space. Accordingly, a2 and b2 are the chromaticity coordinates of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space, and C2 is the chromaticity of the theoretical interference coating in the CIELab color space.

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