Quasi-ecological farm planting method for traditional Chinese medicinal materials based on vacancy filling and vacancy supplementing

Abstract

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicinal material quasi-ecological farm planting method based on vacancy filling and vacancy supplementing, which comprises the following steps: according to the characteristics of an existing vegetable planting farm, planting vine type traditional Chinese medicinal materials which can be wound to greening trees, handrails and enclosing walls to grow in vacant areas around greening tree rows, the handrails and the enclosing walls; planting toxic rattan-shaped traditional Chinese medicinal materials with strong growth vigor in the lighting free area between the sheds; according to the method, treading-resistant perennial evergreen Chinese herbal medicine herbaceous plants are planted in a lawn area, the problems that in a traditional farm planting mode, land resources are wasted, ecological coordination is insufficient, and the disease and pest prevention and control cost is high are solved, the land resources of a modern farm are utilized to the maximum extent, and the economic benefits of the farm are improved; a natural biological barrier is constructed, the disease and pest prevention and control cost and ecological pollution are reduced, the planting difficulty and cost are reduced, ecological landscape and long-term sustainable planting are achieved, and pollution-free and efficient development of vegetables is achieved by optimizing the tomato and tomato planting process and reducing the use amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for planting Chinese medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and creating space. Background Technology

[0002] In modern vegetable farm models, functional areas, serving as the core of farm services and management, exhibit significant land use inefficiencies despite seemingly being essential supporting areas such as walls, fences, green spaces, office areas, and parking areas. Buffer zones reserved inside walls and fences are often considered unusable and remain idle for extended periods. Furthermore, green areas prioritize aesthetics, with large areas of landscaping in office areas and entrances consisting primarily of single lawns rather than productive greening. These fragmented, unused spaces around parking areas further contribute to the overall low land use efficiency of the farm. Meanwhile, the planting area, as the core production area, directly impacts crop yields and profits. Within this area, three to four meters of open space are typically reserved between greenhouses to facilitate lighting. This area is often overgrown with weeds, easily becoming a breeding ground for overwintering and multiplying pests and diseases, increasing the pressure on pest control in vegetable farming. Therefore, improvements are necessary to enhance the land use efficiency of modern vegetable farms and improve the quality of cucumbers and tomatoes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling in vacant spaces. According to the characteristics of current vegetable farms, this method involves planting climbing medicinal herbs that can twine around trees, railings, and walls in vacant areas around existing green spaces; planting vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal herbs in the light-receiving areas between greenhouses; and planting trampling-resistant perennial evergreen medicinal herbs in lawn areas. This solves the problems of land resource waste, insufficient ecological coordination, and high pest and disease control costs in traditional farm planting models, maximizing the use of land resources in modern farms, increasing farm economic benefits, constructing natural biological barriers through the selection of functional medicinal herbs, reducing pest and disease control costs and ecological pollution, simplifying management processes, reducing planting difficulty and costs, and achieving ecological landscape and long-term sustainable planting. Furthermore, by optimizing the planting technology of tomatoes and cucumbers, improving the soil environment, and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, this method achieves pollution-free and high-efficiency development of cucumbers and tomatoes.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: Based on the method of planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm by filling in the gaps, according to the layout and structure of the farm, climbing medicinal herbs that can twine around the trees, fences and walls are planted in the empty areas around the green trees, fences and walls; strong-growing and toxic vine-like medicinal herbs are planted in the light-receiving empty areas between the greenhouses; perennial evergreen medicinal herbs that are resistant to trampling are planted in the lawn area; and tomatoes and cucumbers are planted in the corresponding greenhouses using traditional Chinese medicine agricultural tomato planting technology and traditional Chinese medicine agricultural cucumber planting technology.

[0005] The specific steps for planting climbing medicinal herbs in the vacant areas around rows of trees, railings, and walls are as follows: A1) Variety selection: Determine the varieties of climbing medicinal herbs to be planted based on the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area; A2) Planting: In the vacant area around the rows of green trees, railings, and walls, choose a location where the sun can shine. According to the determined specifications of the climbing medicinal herbs, mechanically dig planting holes with a depth of 30cm to 40cm and a width of 25cm to 35cm. Mix 1kg to 2kg of organic fertilizer and 20g of compound fertilizer and spread it at the bottom of the planting hole. Then cover it with a 5cm to 8cm layer of bottom soil. On the premise of separating the fertilizer from the seedling roots, plant the seedlings of climbing medicinal herbs. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to promote survival. Water once every 5 to 8 days after planting to help the seedlings recover. A3) Fertilization: After the climbing medicinal herb seedlings have survived, use Zhongquan bio-enzyme fertilizer and water diluted at a weight ratio of 1:480-520 to irrigate each plant with 3-5 kg ​​of fertilizer solution per hole. When fertilizing, pour the fertilizer solution evenly into the soil around the plant, avoiding contact with the plant stems and leaves. It can be done together with the seedling establishment water. A4) Trellising: When the plant enters the vine-spreading stage, use bamboo poles to build a trellis 10cm to 15cm away from the plant. The height of the trellis depends on the distance between the plant and the green trees, railings, or walls. Use the bamboo poles to guide the plant's vines to the green trees, railings, or walls. A5) Post-planting management: After the plant's vines have twined around green trees, railings, or walls, it should be managed in a semi-wild, semi-planting manner.

[0006] In step A5 above, the semi-wild, semi-planted method is as follows: After the plant has climbed onto the green trees, railings, and walls, there is no need to spray pesticides, fertilize, or prune the vines; when the vines of the plant bear the first fruit, use a fertilizer solution diluted with water at a weight ratio of 3:500 to water the roots of each plant 1 to 2 times at a rate of 4 kg to 6 kg of fertilizer solution each time.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific steps for planting vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal plants in the light-receiving open areas between greenhouses are as follows: B1) Seedlings: Select the planting varieties of vine-like Chinese medicinal plants according to the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area, and purchase seedlings of the planting varieties; B2) Transplanting: Before transplanting seedlings, clear away debris from the open space between greenhouses. Transplant in mid-to-late March. Follow the principle of not planting in low-lying areas and plant randomly according to the terrain. Insert the seedlings obliquely into the soil to a depth of 3cm-5cm and a length of 5cm-8cm. After compacting the soil, water the transplanted seedlings with a root-setting water solution made of Zhongquan biological enzyme fertilizer and water at a weight ratio of 1:600-800. B3) Management: In the early stage of seedling growth, weeds are removed manually. In the middle and later stages of growth, there is no need to spray pesticides or apply fertilizer. Throughout the growth process, vines near the greenhouse are cut off regularly to prevent them from invading the greenhouse. B4) Harvesting: Harvest the vine-like medicinal plants according to the market purchase price, following the conventional method of harvesting once every three years or delaying the harvest by 5 to 8 years.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific steps for planting durable, perennial evergreen medicinal herbs in the lawn area are as follows: C1) Seedlings: Select the varieties of perennial evergreen Chinese herbal medicine plants that are resistant to trampling based on the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area, and purchase the seedlings of the varieties. C2) Transplanting: Apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer + 30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre to the open space in the lawn area. Then, after fertilizing and tilling the lawn area, rake it flat. Plant the seedlings in the planting holes with a plant spacing of 20 cm to 30 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm to 40 cm, fill the holes with soil and compact it. After planting, water thoroughly. Water again after 7 to 10 days, using a small amount of water to promote root growth. C3) Post-planting management: Plant perennial evergreen Chinese herbal medicines that are resistant to trampling on the lawn. Let them grow naturally. If it is too dry, water them appropriately. They are evergreen all year round and do not need to be mowed. C4) Harvesting: Depending on market conditions or farm site, the harvesting cycle can be once a year or once every few years. A special seedling harvester can be used during harvesting. After harvesting, the old seedlings can be sorted, divided, and then replanted in the original location.

[0009] The specific steps of the traditional Chinese medicine agricultural tomato planting technique are as follows: D1) Fuse in the greenhouse: Lay 3000kg-5000kg of corn stalks (3cm-5cm in length) in a 667㎡ greenhouse. Then, use an agricultural fertilizer spreader to evenly spread 7500kg-8500kg of well-rotted earthworm manure or 6000kg-8000kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 80kg-120kg of oilseed cake, and 15kg-30kg of micronutrient fertilizer in the greenhouse. After deep plowing to a depth of 20cm-40cm, prepare the land and make ridges. Then, flood irrigate the greenhouse with water, ensuring the water level is 3cm-5cm above the ground. After the water has seeped into the soil, cover the greenhouse with plastic film and compact it. Seal the greenhouse for 20-30 days, then irrigate again and plow the soil. D2) Soil enrichment: After plowing and drying for 10-15 days, apply 150-170 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 10-20 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 20-30 kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium micronutrient fertilizer, 70-90 kg of attapulgite soil, and 150-170 kg of billion live bacteria soil remediation granules per 667㎡. D3) Planting: After deep plowing and land preparation, plant according to the method of making ridges from north to south and planting in rows of varying sizes; D4) Temperature: During summer and autumn cultivation, do not ventilate before the seedlings recover after transplanting. Maintain a daytime room temperature of 28℃~30℃ and a nighttime temperature of 17℃~20℃. If high temperatures occur, use shade nets or spread mud slurry for shading. During the seedling recovery period, control the highest daytime temperature to around 30℃. After the seedlings recover, maintain a daytime temperature of around 25℃ and a nighttime temperature of around 15℃. After entering the fruiting period, maintain a daytime temperature of around 25℃~28℃ and a nighttime temperature of 10℃~13℃. D5) Humidity: Soil moisture should be 70%–80% during the seedling establishment period, 60%–70% during the flowering and fruiting period, and controlled at 50%–60% during the middle and late growth stages. The air humidity inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 45%–55%. D6) Fertilizer and water management: Employ integrated fertigation cultivation management technology with drip irrigation or subsurface irrigation under mulch. Before the first flower bud blooms, combine watering to help the seedlings establish, and apply 5-10 kg of 20-20-20-TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 25-40 kg of agricultural enzymes or 1 kg of Nasser's Qiqifa inducer per 667㎡ in two applications via drip irrigation. After tomato pruning, promptly increase the amount of potassium fertilizer, i.e., apply 50-90 kg of agricultural enzymes or 5 kg of potassium humate and trace elements per 667㎡ in two applications via drip irrigation. Apply 2.5 kg of elemental fertilizer, 5 kg of compound microbial fertilizer or 5 kg of nano-carbon slow-release fertilizer + 10-20 kg of ternary high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; watering depends on soil moisture, crop growth status and weather; mix BASF Wangqiu 500-1000 times diluted solution with seaweed foliar fertilizer 500-1000 times diluted solution or superoxide dismutase 200 times diluted solution + fruit anti-cracking agent 750 times diluted solution, spray continuously 2-3 times, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application, to achieve rapid absorption of fertilizer nutrients by tomato plants; D7) Plant adjustment: Cover with mulch film 7-10 days after transplanting for winter and spring cultivation, and cover with mulch film about 20 days after transplanting for summer and autumn cultivation. The preferred method for treating flower spikes is bumblebee pollination, or plant growth regulators can be used. After spraying the flowers, the vines can be trained by trellising. Use vine clips and vine ropes with a diameter of 2-3 mm to tie the vines in an S-shape, and use the vine clips to fix the vine ropes to the tomato plants. The vine wire should be about 1.8m-2.3m above the ground. Prune each plant individually, leaving 6-7 fruit clusters before pinching off the growing tip. When the top target fruit cluster flowers, pinch off the growing tip, leaving 2 leaves. Leave 4-5 fruits on each cluster and remove the rest. After the first fruit cluster reaches green maturity, remove withered, yellow, diseased, and old leaves. D8) Response to severe weather: In spring, prevent late spring cold snaps and in summer, prevent sunscald. In autumn and winter, prevent continuous overcast, rain / snow, fog, haze, and cold waves. From October to March of the following year, ventilate in a timely manner, keep warm and reduce humidity. The greenhouse temperature should be 20℃ to 28℃, and the soil moisture should be maintained at 60% to 80%. Shade and cool down during the afternoon high temperature period from April to September. D9) Pest and disease control: Seven days after transplanting, once the seedlings have recovered and survived, spray the leaves once with 2 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer diluted in 30 kg of water. After 15 days, spray the leaves once with 3 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer diluted in 45 kg of water. Spray continuously for 10-13 times, with an interval of about 15 days, until the end of harvesting.

[0010] The specific steps of the traditional Chinese medicine-based cucumber cultivation technique are as follows: E1) Sowing: During the sowing period, select cucumber seeds can be directly sown in soilless substrate trays or soaked in traditional Chinese medicine preparations before sowing in soilless substrate trays. After sowing in the substrate trays, water thoroughly and cover the trays with a layer of black mulch. When more than 50% of the seeds have sprouted, remove the black mulch to allow light and greening. After emergence, maintain daytime temperatures at 25℃~28℃ and nighttime temperatures at 16℃~20℃, while preventing damping-off disease in the seedling stage. Two days before transplanting, begin hardening off the seedlings. During hardening off, maintain greenhouse temperatures at 10℃~15℃ at night and 20℃~25℃ during the day. E2) Transplanting: First, apply base fertilizer according to the following standards before transplanting: 3000kg-3500kg of farmyard manure or 1000kg-1200kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 20kg-30kg of micronutrient fertilizer, 3kg-8kg of compound microbial agent, 2kg-4kg of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 20kg of NPK compound fertilizer per 667㎡, and incorporate them into the soil during tilling; then, make ridges according to the greenhouse span, and transplant the seedlings 10-15 days after the greenhouse film is covered. After transplanting, water thoroughly once with a large amount of water to settle the roots, and water again the next day. Do not water for the next few days. After the seedlings have recovered, use drip irrigation tape for drip irrigation; after transplanting, control the daytime temperature at 25℃-30℃ and the nighttime temperature above 15℃, and the temperature for overwintering crops should not be lower than 8℃; E3) Field Management: When using trellises, start training the vines when the cucumbers have grown 4 to 5 true leaves; When pruning, use the single-stem pruning method, remove side branches and all tendrils, and remove female flowers below 5 nodes. When the plant grows to the height of the growth trellis, let the vines grow. The amount of vines depends on the height of the growth trellis. When letting the vines grow, lay the vines on the bed in the same direction, or coil the vines on the bed. At the same time, remove all old leaves at the bottom. When fertilizing, the principle of applying light fertilizer frequently should be followed from planting to harvesting; Pest and disease control adopts a combination of agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control, and traditional Chinese medicine agricultural control methods. E4) Harvesting: Harvest cucumbers in a timely manner according to their different varieties and characteristics.

[0011] In step E1 above, the seed soaking of the seed preparation involves spraying the seeds with a broad-spectrum liquid of traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer for at least 4 hours, followed by germination at a constant temperature of 28℃~30℃ for 12h~15h.

[0012] In step E3 above, the specific application of diluted fertilizer frequently is as follows: Apply seedling fertilizer to cucumber seedlings 7-10 days after transplanting using an integrated water and fertilizer system, i.e., 1-3 kg of urea and 1-3 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer per 667㎡; from the vine-spreading stage to flowering, the total amount of topdressing per 667㎡ is 3-8 kg of 20-20-20-TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 2-4 kg of wood vinegar fish protein water-soluble fertilizer, applied in multiple drip irrigations; from the beginning of the fruiting period until 10 days before the last harvest, the total amount of topdressing per 667㎡ is 12-18 kg of 15-8-28-TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 3-8 kg of wood vinegar fish protein water-soluble fertilizer + 4-8 kg of Chinese herbal fertilizer, with the Chinese herbal fertilizer applied in two drip irrigations and the rest applied in multiple drip irrigations; the fertilizer dosage should be adjusted within 20% based on the plant's growth.

[0013] In step E3 above, the physical control method is the use of yellow sticky traps to control aphids. Specifically, 25 to 30 yellow sticky traps of 20 cm × 25 cm are placed per 667 square meters and hung on the upper part of the crops. 25-mesh insect-proof netting is also used to cover the ventilation openings of the greenhouse. The specific methods of TCM-based agricultural prevention and control are as follows: During the seedling stage, starting from the first true leaf, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 20 times with water, once every 10 days, for a total of 2 sprays; after transplanting and seedling establishment, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 15 times with water, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 sprays; during the harvest and fruiting period, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 15 times with water, once every 15 days, for a total of 5 sprays; from the vine-spreading stage to the fruiting stage, follow the principle of frequent fertilization as described in step E3 above.

[0014] Advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies: 1. This technical solution, based on the characteristics of current vegetable farms, addresses the problems of land resource waste, insufficient ecological coordination, and high pest and disease control costs inherent in traditional farm planting models by planting climbing medicinal herbs that can twine around trees, fences, and walls in the vacant areas around green trees, fences, and walls; planting vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal herbs in the light-receiving areas between greenhouses; and planting trampling-resistant perennial evergreen medicinal herbs in the lawn areas. 2. This technical solution maximizes the utilization of land resources in modern farms, increases farm economic benefits, constructs natural biological barriers through the selection of functional Chinese medicinal herbs, reduces pest and disease control costs and ecological pollution, simplifies management processes, reduces planting difficulty and costs, and achieves ecological landscape and long-term sustainable planting. 3. This technical solution uses a large amount of organic materials such as corn stalks, well-rotted earthworm manure, and farmyard manure to create a greenhouse. Combined with deep plowing and mulching, it can kill soil pathogens and insect eggs, reduce soil-borne diseases, and increase soil organic matter content. With the addition of bio-organic fertilizers, soil conditioners, and other fertilization measures, it can maintain soil fertility and health in the long term, providing a high-quality soil environment for tomato growth. On this basis, it optimizes the planting process of tomatoes and tomatoes. 4. This technical solution combines herbal seed treatment with soilless substrate seedling cultivation in plug trays, along with precise temperature control after emergence and hardening off before transplanting. The resulting seedlings have well-developed root systems and strong disease resistance, laying the foundation for later growth. Furthermore, precise fertilization is applied according to different growth stages, and the amount can be adjusted according to the plant's growth to avoid nutrient over- or under-nutrients, thereby improving cucumber yield and taste. Integrated pest management reduces the use of chemical pesticides and ensures the pollution-free quality of cucumbers. 5. This technical solution adopts a simulated ecological farm for medicinal herbs and crops, which minimizes the area where pests and diseases overwinter and reproduce in the greenhouse, ensuring that the lawn area farm is like spring all year round, improving the farm's land utilization rate, increasing farm income, and providing a good growing environment for cucumber and tomato vegetables. The simulated ecological planting of medicinal herbs provides conditions for improving the quality and yield of tomatoes and cucumbers. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0017] Based on the method of planting medicinal herbs in a simulated ecological farm, according to the layout and structure of the farm, climbing medicinal herbs that can twine around trees, railings, and walls are planted in the vacant areas around the trees, railings, and walls; strong-growing and toxic vine-like medicinal herbs are planted in the light-receiving areas between greenhouses to suppress weed growth and pests; perennial evergreen medicinal herbs that are resistant to trampling are planted in the lawn area; and tomatoes and cucumbers are planted in the corresponding greenhouses using traditional Chinese medicine agricultural tomato and cucumber planting techniques.

[0018] The specific steps for planting climbing medicinal herbs in the vacant areas around rows of trees, railings, and walls are as follows: A1) Variety selection: Based on the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area, determine the varieties of climbing medicinal herbs to be planted; climbing medicinal herbs include Smilax glabra, Panax notoginseng, Ficus benjamina, Trichosanthes kirilowii, etc. In the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi, the climbing medicinal herb selected is Trichosanthes kirilowii, such as Wanlou No. 9, Wanlou No. 17, Wanlou No. 20 and other tuber seedlings, which are purchased from professional seedling companies; A2) Planting: Early April is the most suitable time to plant Trichosanthes kirilowii. At this time, the temperature in the Guanzhong Plain gradually rises, the average temperature is stable, the soil thaws to a depth of more than 30cm, and the soil temperature can meet the needs of tuber germination, which is conducive to rapid rooting and growth after transplanting. If the transplanting time is too early, the temperature is too low and the soil temperature is insufficient, which can easily lead to tuber rot and reduce the survival rate. If the transplanting time is too late, it will shorten the plant's growth cycle, affect flowering and fruiting, and thus reduce the yield. In the vacant areas around green tree rows, railings, and walls, Trichosanthes kirilowii is a light-loving plant. Sufficient sunlight can promote photosynthesis and provide sufficient nutrients for growth. To ensure sufficient sunlight in the planting area... Choose a location where sunlight can reach the plant. Based on the specifications of the climbing medicinal herbs, such as the virus-free seedlings of Trichosanthes kirilowii, dig planting holes with a depth of 35cm and a width of 20cm using machinery. The spacing between plants should be determined flexibly according to the specific situation, avoiding areas that cannot receive sunlight. In principle, the spacing between plants should be about 1.2 meters. Mix 1kg to 2kg of organic fertilizer with 20g of compound fertilizer and sprinkle it at the bottom of the planting hole. Then cover it with a 5cm to 8cm layer of bottom soil. With the fertilizer separated from the seedling roots, plant the seedlings of climbing medicinal herbs. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to promote survival. Water once every 5 to 8 days after planting to help the seedlings recover. The amount of water for each hole is 5kg to 8kg. A3) Fertilization: After the Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings have survived (generally about 20-30 days after transplanting, when the plants have grown new leaves and the root system has begun to absorb nutrients normally, which is the best time for fertilization), use Zhongquan bio-enzyme fertilizer diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1:500. Apply 3-5 kg ​​of the fertilizer solution to each plant hole to promote root growth and growth. When fertilizing, pour the fertilizer solution evenly into the soil around the plant, avoiding contact with the plant stems and leaves. It can be done together with the seedling establishment watering. During the fertilization process, pay attention to the growth of the Trichosanthes kirilowii. If you find that the leaves are yellowing or the growth is slow, it may be due to improper fertilizer concentration or insufficient fertilizer. The fertilization plan should be adjusted in time. A4) Trellising: When the Trichosanthes kirilowii enters the vine-spreading stage, that is, when the main vine is 30cm-50cm long, use bamboo poles with a diameter of 3cm-5cm. The length of the bamboo poles is determined according to the height of the greening trees, generally 2-3m. Trellises are erected 10cm-15cm away from the Trichosanthes kirilowii. One end of the bamboo pole is inserted into the soil to ensure that the bamboo pole is stable and not easy to tilt or fall over. The other end of the bamboo pole is tilted towards the greening trees, railings or walls. The vines of Trichosanthes kirilowii are guided to the greening trees, railings or walls through the bamboo poles. A5) Post-planting management: Once the vines have climbed onto trees, railings, or walls, generally no management is needed. This means no weeding, fertilization, or pesticide application is required. The vines are allowed to grow naturally alongside weeds to maintain their medicinal value. Harvest the vines when they are mature. Alternatively, a semi-wild, semi-planted management method can be used as needed. The specific details of this method are as follows: After the vines have climbed onto trees, railings, or walls, no pesticide application, fertilization, or vine management is necessary. Once the vines bear their first fruit, apply a compound fertilizer... Dilute the fertilizer solution with water at a weight ratio of 3:500, and apply 4-6 kg of fertilizer solution to each plant for 1-2 applications, every 30 days. Semi-wild cultivation allows the Trichosanthes kirilowii to grow in its natural environment, adapting to environmental changes through its own regulatory abilities, enhancing its resistance to adverse conditions, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, lowering environmental pollution, increasing the content of effective medicinal components, improving the quality of the plant, and reducing management costs and workload, thus increasing planting efficiency.

[0019] Trichosanthes kirilowii can bear fruit and generate income in the same year. As a root crop, it is easy to manage and has a good market. Both the seeds and roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii (which are called Tianhuafen after being sliced ​​and do not need to be ground) are Chinese medicinal materials with high medicinal value.

[0020] The specific steps for planting vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal plants in the light-retaining open areas between greenhouses are as follows: B1) Seedlings: Select the planting varieties of vine-like Chinese medicinal plants according to the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area. Vine-like Chinese medicinal plants include Polygonum multiflorum vine, Dioscorea opposita, Polygonum multiflorum, etc. For the Guanzhong area of ​​Shaanxi, the selected vine-like Chinese medicinal plant is Polygonum multiflorum, and Polygonum multiflorum seedlings are purchased. B2) Transplanting: Before transplanting, clear away debris (such as weeds, dead branches, fallen leaves, and gravel) from the open spaces between greenhouses to prevent these debris from affecting the rooting of the Polygonum multiflorum seedlings and to reduce the breeding grounds for pests and diseases. No leveling is required. Transplanting should be done in late March, when the temperature rises to 8℃~12℃, reaching the suitable temperature for Polygonum multiflorum root growth. Follow the principle of not planting in low-lying areas and plant randomly according to the terrain. There may be slight undulations between greenhouses; preserving the natural terrain helps drainage and prevents rainwater or irrigation water from accumulating in low-lying areas, which can lead to root rot. Insert the seedlings obliquely into the soil to a depth of 3cm~5cm and a length of 5cm~8cm, ensuring the roots are completely buried in the soil to prevent dehydration caused by exposed roots. The length of the seedling remaining on the soil surface should be 5-8cm, with the exposed portion including 2-3cm of the root system. Each bud provides a foundation for subsequent shoot growth and vine development. After inserting the seedling into the soil, gently press the soil around it to ensure close contact between the soil and roots, reducing soil gaps, preventing water loss and cold air intrusion, and promoting rapid root development. Water the transplanted seedlings with a solution of Zhongquan bio-enzyme fertilizer and water at a weight ratio of 1:600-800. This solution is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, and bioactive substances, providing the necessary nutrients for the initial growth of the *Polygonum multiflorum* seedlings, promoting root repair and growth, and improving the transplant survival rate. When watering, ensure the fertilizer is thoroughly dissolved to prevent sedimentation and avoid localized high concentrations that could burn the roots. The specific dilution ratio can be adjusted based on soil fertility: 600 times for lower fertility, 800 times for higher fertility, and between 600 and 800 times for lower fertility. Water each seedling with 100-150 ml of water, ensuring the water fully penetrates the soil around the roots to a depth of 10-15 cm, allowing for close contact between the roots and soil. Water slowly and evenly, avoiding rapid flow that could wash away soil and cause seedlings to fall over or expose roots. After watering, if any seedlings are found to be falling over, immediately straighten them and re-compact the soil. B3) Management: Although Polygonum multiflorum can suppress the growth of some weeds during its growth process, weeds may still germinate when the seedlings are small in the early stages. Therefore, in the early stages of seedling growth, weeds can be removed manually, avoiding the use of herbicides to prevent phytotoxicity to Polygonum multiflorum and to avoid herbicide residues affecting the growth of crops in the greenhouse. Polygonum multiflorum itself has strong resistance to pests and diseases; its special components can inhibit the reproduction of surrounding pests and diseases, and it also has a certain resistance to common pests and diseases of its own. Therefore, there is no need to spray pesticides during its growth process. Furthermore, Polygonum multiflorum has low nutrient requirements. The natural nutrients in the soil and the initial watering in the greenhouse are sufficient to meet its growth needs. Excessive fertilization will lead to excessive vine growth, increasing the difficulty of subsequent management. Therefore, no additional fertilization is necessary. Throughout the growth process, vines near the greenhouse should be regularly cut to prevent them from entering the greenhouse. Polygonum multiflorum grows vigorously and has moderate toxicity, making later management relatively simple. However, it is important to focus on vine control to prevent them from entering the greenhouse and affecting crop growth. Regularly inspect the growth of Polygonum multiflorum in the greenhouse, paying particular attention to vines near the greenhouse vents. When the vines grow to 1cm-10cm from the greenhouse, they should be cut using sharp scissors or a sickle. After cutting, promptly remove the cut vines to prevent them from rotting on the ground and breeding pests and diseases. The frequency of cutting should be adjusted according to the vine growth rate. When cutting, care should be taken to avoid damaging the greenhouse structure and to ensure thorough cutting to prevent any remaining vines from continuing to grow and spread into the greenhouse. B4) Harvesting: Harvesting of Polygonum multiflorum is conducted according to the market purchase price, either in a regular or delayed manner. Polygonum multiflorum is generally harvested once every 3 years; this is a regular harvest. At this time, the tubers have accumulated a certain amount of medicinal components, weighing up to 200-300 grams per plant, and the vines can reach 3-5 meters in length. It possesses high medicinal value and market acceptance. The tubers of 3-year-old Polygonum multiflorum are firm, with a light yellowish-brown cross-section, and the content of effective components meets the standards for Chinese medicinal materials. The vines are also growing vigorously, resulting in a considerable yield. If the market price is low during harvesting, alternative harvesting methods may be chosen. Harvesting is done once every 5 to 8 years. This harvesting method is called delayed harvesting. Polygonum multiflorum has the characteristic that the longer it grows, the higher its value. As the growth period increases, the tuber will continue to swell, and the weight can reach 500 to 800g / plant. The content of medicinal components (such as rhein, emodin, and scutellarin) will continue to accumulate, the quality will continue to improve, and the market price will also increase accordingly. The length and thickness of the vines will also increase, and the medicinal value will also increase accordingly. During the delayed harvesting period, no additional management costs are required. It is only necessary to continue to do a good job of pruning the vines to prevent them from entering the greenhouse.

[0021] The specific steps for planting durable, perennial evergreen medicinal herbs in the lawn area are as follows: C1) Seedlings: Select the varieties of perennial evergreen Chinese medicinal herbs that are resistant to trampling based on the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area. Perennial evergreen Chinese medicinal herbs include Ophiopogon japonicus, Houttuynia cordata, Plantago asiatica, etc. In Guanzhong, Shaanxi, select medicinal varieties of Ophiopogon japonicus, such as Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus and Hubei Ophiopogon japonicus, and purchase the seedlings of the varieties. C2) Transplanting: Apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer + 30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre to the open space in the lawn area. Then, after fertilizing and tilling the lawn area, rake it flat. Plant the seedlings in the planting holes with a plant spacing of 20 cm to 30 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm to 40 cm, fill the holes with soil and compact it. After planting, water thoroughly. Water again after 7 to 10 days, using a small amount of water to promote root growth. C3) Post-planting management: Plant perennial evergreen Chinese herbal medicines that are resistant to trampling on the lawn. Let them grow naturally. If it is too dry, water them appropriately. They are evergreen all year round and do not need to be mowed. C4) Harvesting: Depending on market conditions or farm site, the harvesting cycle can be once a year or once every few years. A special seedling harvester can be used during harvesting. After harvesting, the old seedlings can be sorted, divided, and then replanted in the original location.

[0022] Ophiopogon japonicus is the tuberous root of the lily family plant Ophiopogon japonicus. It has various effects such as moisturizing the lungs and nourishing yin, benefiting the stomach and promoting the production of body fluids, and clearing the heart and relieving irritability. It ensures that the lawn area is green all year round, and Ophiopogon japonicus improves the land utilization rate of the farm and increases the farm's income.

[0023] Tomato cultivation: Tomatoes are grown in energy-saving greenhouses or large arched sheds covered with insulation blankets; the tomato cultivation control system of traditional Chinese medicine agricultural facilities should include automatic roll-up and unrolling of insulation blankets, automatic external shading and internal insulation, intelligent temperature and humidity monitoring and control equipment, automatic CO2 replenishment equipment, integrated water and fertilizer equipment, automatic spraying equipment, rail transport vehicle, etc. In the agricultural enzyme production room, chopped organic waste such as fruits and vegetables is placed into a sealed fermentation container, filling it to about 60% full. Then, 10%-20% of the organic waste's weight in brown or dark brown sugar is added, along with an appropriate amount or no organic fermentation agent. Water is then added, bringing the total volume of the material in the container to about 80%-90%. After stirring thoroughly, the container is sealed. For the first two weeks, the container is opened daily to release gas and stirred appropriately to allow air in and accelerate fermentation. After 1-3 months, when the enzyme fertilizer liquid darkens in color, no obvious bubbles are produced, and it has a faint fruity or sour aroma, the agricultural enzyme production is complete. During the production process, it is important to select organic waste that is not spoiled or only slightly spoiled, keep the container clean, avoid direct sunlight during fermentation, and pay attention to safety to prevent the fermentation gas from causing the container to explode.

[0024] Select varieties suitable for the climate conditions of the planting area, with strong resistance to adverse conditions, high yield, good storage and transportation, excellent quality, strong continuous fruiting ability, moderate leaf volume, and meeting market demand. Seed quality shall meet the requirements of GB 16715.3.

[0025] The specific steps of the traditional Chinese medicine agricultural tomato planting technique are as follows: D1) Fumigation: Lay 3000kg-5000kg of corn stalks (3cm-5cm long) in a 667㎡ greenhouse. Then, use an agricultural fertilizer spreader to evenly spread 8000kg of well-rotted earthworm manure or 6000kg-8000kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 100kg of cake fertilizer, and 20kg of micronutrient fertilizer in the greenhouse. After deep plowing to a depth of 30cm, prepare the land and make ridges. Then, flood irrigate the greenhouse, ensuring the water level is 3cm-5cm above the ground. After the water has seeped into the soil, cover it with mulch and compact it. Seal the greenhouse for 20-30 days, then irrigate again and till the soil. High-temperature fumigation can kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the soil using the high temperature and humidity environment, reducing the base number of soil-borne pests and diseases. At the same time, the straw and fertilizers are initially decomposed during the fumigation process, laying the foundation for subsequent soil fertilization and improving the soil's physical structure and water and fertilizer retention capacity. D2) Soil fertilization: After tilling and drying for 10-15 days, apply 160 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 15 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 20-30 kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium micronutrient fertilizer, 70-90 kg of attapulgite soil, and 160 kg of billion live bacteria soil remediation granules per 667㎡. Seedling raising in plug trays should be carried out according to DB 61 / T 1647-2023. This step can further replenish soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, regulate soil pH, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms, improve soil fertility and permeability, create a fertile and healthy soil environment for tomato root growth, and promote nutrient absorption by plants in the later stages. D3) Transplanting: After deep plowing and land preparation, transplant the seedlings in a north-south ridge and double-row pattern. The operation row width is 120cm, the cultivation row width is 60cm, and the ridge height is 15cm. Transplanting should be done on a sunny morning. Transplant 2300-2500 seedlings per 667㎡, with 2 rows per ridge and a plant spacing of 30cm-35cm. Pre-transplanting preparation can enhance the seedlings' resistance to stress and disease, and reduce the occurrence of diseases after transplanting. Transplanting in a north-south ridge and double-row pattern can optimize field ventilation and light conditions, avoid mutual shading between plants, reduce the risk of diseases caused by high humidity, and facilitate later field management. D4) Temperature: In winter and spring cultivation, after transplanting, pay attention to sealing and heat preservation, and keep the front roof clean. In summer and autumn cultivation, do not ventilate before the seedlings recover after transplanting. Maintain a daytime room temperature of 28℃~30℃ and a nighttime temperature of 17℃~20℃. If there is high temperature, use shade nets or spread mud to shade. During the seedling recovery period, the highest daytime temperature should be controlled at around 30℃. After the seedlings recover, the daytime temperature should be around 25℃ and the nighttime temperature around 15℃. After entering the fruiting period, the daytime temperature should be around 25℃~28℃ and the nighttime temperature 10℃~13℃. The temperature of the facility can be adjusted by the size of the ventilation opening, the ventilation time, and the time of uncovering the heat preservation blanket. The temperature settings at each stage should meet the growth and development needs of tomatoes. High temperature during the seedling recovery period can promote seedling recovery, suitable temperature during the growth period can promote nutrient accumulation, and the day and night temperature difference during the fruiting period is conducive to the accumulation of sugar and nutrients in the fruit, improving the quality and yield of tomatoes. D5) Humidity: Soil moisture should be 70%–80% during the seedling establishment period, 60%–70% during the flowering and fruiting period, and controlled at 50%–60% during the mid-to-late growth stages. Air humidity inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 50%. Humidity can be regulated through measures such as mulching, drip irrigation or subsurface irrigation, ventilation, and temperature control. Maintaining soil moisture of 70%–80% during the seedling establishment period provides sufficient water for the seedling roots, aiding in establishment. Maintaining soil moisture of 60%–70% during the flowering and fruiting period and 50%–60% during the mid-to-late growth stages meets the water requirements of tomatoes at different growth stages while preventing root rot caused by excessive soil moisture. Controlling air humidity inside the greenhouse at 45%–55% significantly reduces the probability of downy mildew, gray mold, and other moisture-loving diseases. D6) Fertilizer and Water Management: Employ integrated fertigation cultivation management technology with drip irrigation or subsurface irrigation under mulch. Inputs must meet the requirements of T / GVEAIA015.1-2020. Before the first flower bud blooms, combine irrigation with seedling establishment watering, applying 5-10 kg of 20-20-20-TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 25-40 kg of agricultural enzymes or 1 kg of Nasser's Qiqifa inducer per 667㎡ in two applications via drip irrigation to provide basic nutrients for flowering and fruit setting. After tomato pruning, promptly increase potassium fertilizer application, i.e., applying 50-90 kg of agricultural enzymes or 5 kg of potassium humate, 2.5 kg of micronutrient fertilizer, and 5 kg of compound microbial fertilizer per 667㎡ in two applications via drip irrigation. Applying 5 kg of nano-carbon slow-release fertilizer plus 10-20 kg of ternary high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer can promote fruit enlargement and ripening, and improve fruit quality. Watering should be determined according to soil moisture, crop growth status, and weather. A mixture of BASF's Wangqiu (500-1000 times dilution) and seaweed foliar fertilizer (500-1000 times dilution) or superoxide dismutase (200 times dilution) plus fruit crack prevention agent (750 times dilution) can be sprayed 2-3 times consecutively, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. This allows tomato plants to quickly absorb fertilizer nutrients. Foliar spraying of BASF Wangqiu with seaweed foliar fertilizer or superoxide dismutase + fruit crack prevention agent can quickly replenish nutrients, enhance plant resistance, reduce fruit cracking, and ensure yield. D7) Plant adjustment: Cover with mulch 7-10 days after planting in winter and spring, and cover with mulch about 20 days after planting in summer and autumn. This can keep the soil warm and moist and reduce weed growth. The preferred method for treating flower spikes is bumblebee pollination, or plant growth regulators can be used. After spraying the flowers, the vines can be trained by trellising. Use vine clips and vine ropes with a diameter of 2-3 mm to tie the vines in an S-shape, and use the vine clips to fix the vine ropes to the tomato plants. The vine wire should be about 1.8m-2.3m above the ground. Prune each plant individually, leaving 6-7 fruit clusters before pinching off the growing tip. When the top target fruit cluster flowers, pinch off the growing tip, leaving 2 leaves. Leave 4-5 fruits on each cluster and remove the rest. After the first fruit cluster reaches green maturity, remove withered, yellow, diseased, and old leaves. This optimizes the plant canopy structure, makes full use of light resources, reduces ineffective nutrient consumption, lowers the risk of disease transmission, and promotes uniform fruit development. D8) Response to severe weather: Closely monitor weather changes, prevent late spring frosts in spring and sunscald in summer, and prevent continuous overcast, rain / snow, fog, haze, and cold waves in autumn and winter; Ventilate in a timely manner from October to March of the following year, keep warm and dehumidify, and keep the greenhouse temperature between 20℃ and 28℃, and keep the soil moisture between 60% and 80%; Shade and cool down during the afternoon high temperature period from April to September, and use mud slurry or shade nets for shading, and adjust flexibly according to the weather and plant growth, and the mud slurry concentration should not be too high; D9) Pest and disease control: Seven days after transplanting, once the seedlings have recovered and survived, spray the leaves once with 2 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer diluted in 30 kg of water. After 15 days, spray the leaves once with 3 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer diluted in 45 kg of water. Spray continuously for 10-13 times, with an interval of about 15 days, until the end of harvesting.

[0026] Harvesting was carried out in batches to reduce the burden on the plants, and the harvesting complied with the requirements of DB 62 / T 4694-2023; The specific steps of the traditional Chinese medicine cucumber cultivation technique are as follows: Select cucumber varieties that are disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yielding, resistant to storage and transportation, have good marketability, and meet market demands; seed quality should meet the requirements of GB 16715.1; E1) Sowing: During the sowing period, select cucumber seeds can be directly sown in soilless substrate trays for seedling cultivation, or the seeds can be soaked in traditional Chinese medicine preparations before being sown in soilless substrate trays for seedling cultivation. Soilless substrate tray seedling cultivation can effectively isolate soil pathogens, reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases during the seedling stage, and the substrate has good water and fertilizer retention, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings. After sowing in the substrate trays, water thoroughly and cover the seedling trays with a layer of black mulch. At a temperature of 28℃, seedlings will emerge uniformly in 2 to 3 days. When more than 50% of the seeds have sprouted, remove the black mulch to allow light and greening. After emergence, control the daytime temperature at 25℃ to 28℃ and the nighttime temperature at 16℃ to 20℃, while preventing damping-off disease in the seedling stage. Start hardening off the seedlings 2 days before transplanting. During the hardening-off period, control the temperature in the greenhouse at a nighttime temperature of 10℃ to 15℃. Daytime temperatures of 20℃~25℃ enhance seedling adaptability to the field environment, reduce the recovery time after transplanting, and improve survival rate. Simultaneously, it effectively prevents damping-off disease in seedlings, avoiding losses from major seedling diseases and laying a good foundation for subsequent cucumber growth. The sowing period is as follows: for early spring crops, seedlings are raised in a greenhouse in early January and transplanted to the greenhouse in February; for overwintering crops, seedlings are raised in August to September and transplanted to the greenhouse in September to October. The herbal seed treatment involves spraying seeds with a broad-spectrum herbal fertilizer concentrate produced by Shaanxi Qinyu Sannong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., for at least 4 hours, followed by germination at a constant temperature of 28℃~30℃ for 12 to 15 hours. This enhances seed resistance and germination rate, and shortens the germination cycle. The plant should be 10cm tall, with a stem diameter of 0.5cm or more, 3 leaves and 1 bud, with intact cotyledons, dark green leaves, free from pests and diseases, and 35 to 40 days old (calendar age) to be considered a strong seedling. When selecting a planting site, the greenhouse should be well-ventilated with good light transmission through the greenhouse film. The overwintering greenhouse should be equipped with cold-proof cotton quilts and automatic rolling shutters. The land should meet the requirements of NY / T 391, and the previous crop should not have been planted with cucurbit vegetables. The soil should be fertile and have drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation facilities. E2) Transplanting: First, before transplanting, apply base fertilizer according to the following standards: 3000kg-3500kg of farmyard manure or 1000kg-1200kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 20kg of micronutrient fertilizer, 5kg of compound microbial agent, 3kg of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 20kg of NPK compound fertilizer per 667㎡, and incorporate them into the soil during tillage; then, make raised beds according to the greenhouse span, 4 beds for a 6m span greenhouse, and 5 beds for an 8m span greenhouse, with raised beds, ditch width of 30cm, and ditch depth of 20cm. After leveling the seedbed, the seedbed should be 25 cm to 25 cm thick, then drip irrigation and mulch should be laid. The greenhouse should be covered with mulch 10 to 15 days before transplanting. Seedlings can be transplanted when they have 2 true leaves and 1 bud. Transplanting should be done 10 to 15 days after the greenhouse is covered with mulch. Approximately 2000 seedlings are needed per 667 square meters. After transplanting, water thoroughly once to help the roots establish, and water again the next day. Do not water for the next few days. After the seedlings have recovered, use drip irrigation tape for drip watering. After transplanting, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 25℃ to 30℃, and the nighttime temperature should be above 15℃. The temperature for overwintering crops should not be lower than 8℃, and they should be covered with a warm blanket. E3) Field Management: When trellising, start training the vines when the cucumber has grown to 4 to 5 true leaves. Use a rope to trellise the vines, tying it between the cotyledons and the first leaf. As the vines grow, wrap each node half a circle around the rope. Do this 2 to 3 times a week during the peak growing season, preferably in the afternoon when the vines have low water content. When pruning, use a single-stem pruning method, remove side branches and all tendrils, and remove female flowers below the 5th node. When the plant grows to the height of the trellis, let the vines grow. The amount of vines depends on the height of the trellis, generally between 0.5m and 1.0m, so that the young melons do not touch the ground as much as possible. When letting the vines grow, the vines can be laid on the bed in the same direction, or the vines can be coiled on the bed. At the same time, remove all old leaves at the bottom to improve ventilation and prevent the occurrence of diseases. When fertilizing, the principle of applying light fertilizer frequently should be followed from transplanting to harvest. Specifically, the process of applying light fertilizer frequently is as follows: Apply seedling fertilizer to cucumber seedlings 7-10 days after transplanting using an integrated water and fertilizer system, i.e., 2 kg of urea and 2 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer produced by Shaanxi Qinyu Sannong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. per 667㎡; from the vine-spreading stage to flowering, the total amount of topdressing per 667㎡ is 5 kg of 20-20-20-TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 3 kg of wood vinegar fish protein water-soluble fertilizer, applied in multiple drip irrigations; from the beginning of the fruiting period to 10 days before the last harvest, the total amount of topdressing per 667㎡ is 15 kg of 15-8-28-TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 5 kg of wood vinegar fish protein water-soluble fertilizer + 6 kg of Chinese herbal fertilizer, with the Chinese herbal fertilizer applied in two drip irrigations and the rest applied in multiple drip irrigations; the amount of fertilizer should be adjusted within 20% according to the growth of the plants. Following the principle of prevention first and integrated pest management, and adopting agricultural, physical, and biological control as the main methods and chemical control as a supplement, this approach can reduce the use of chemical pesticides, lower the risk of pesticide residues, meet the requirements of pollution-free planting, and ensure the safety of cucumber consumption. Pest and disease control adopts a combination of agricultural, physical, biological, chemical, and traditional Chinese medicine agricultural control methods. Among them, agricultural prevention and control methods include reasonable crop rotation, cleaning up the fields, selecting disease-resistant varieties, ensuring proper ventilation, and cultivating strong seedlings; The physical control method is the use of yellow sticky traps to attract aphids. Specifically, 25 to 30 yellow sticky traps of 20 cm × 25 cm are placed per 667 square meters and hung on the upper part of the crops. 25-mesh insect-proof netting is also used to cover the ventilation openings of the greenhouse. Biological control is the control of pests and diseases by protecting natural enemies and by using plant-derived pesticides and biological pesticides. For chemical control, it is prohibited to purchase pesticides without complete three certificates (pesticide registration certificate, production license or production approval certificate, and implementation standard number). When applying pesticides, the provisions of NY / T 393, GB4285 and GB / T 8321 should be strictly followed. Attention should be paid to rotating pesticides and rationally mixing them. The same chemical pesticide is only allowed to be used once in a growing season. Field records must be made after pesticide use, and field records should be kept for 3 years. The specific methods of TCM-based agricultural prevention and control are as follows: During the seedling stage, starting from the first true leaf, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 20 times with water, once every 10 days, for a total of 2 sprays; after transplanting and seedling establishment, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 15 times with water, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 sprays; during the harvest and fruiting period, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 15 times with water, once every 15 days, for a total of 5 sprays; from the vine-spreading stage to the fruiting stage, follow the principle of frequent fertilization as described in step E3 above.

[0027] E4) Harvesting: Harvest in a timely manner according to different cucumber varieties and their characteristics. In the early stage, it is appropriate to harvest while the cucumbers are still small. The quality of cucumber products should meet the requirements of NY / T 747.

[0028] Production records: Establish production records for production, pesticide use, field management, etc. Complete records should be established for all production materials, locations, weather, production operations, growth process, major problems encountered, handling methods and results used in each stage from seedlings to product sales. Records should be kept for at least 3 years.

[0029] Table 1. Control of major diseases and pests of cucumber Main targets for prevention and control pesticide name How to use Maximum number of uses Safety interval ≥ d Sudden collapse 72.2% Propamocarb (Propamocarb) Aqueous Solution 400 times the spray 1 7 15% Hymexazol Aqueous Solution 450 times the spray 1 3 2.5% Fludioxonil (Clothia) Suspension Concentrate 1500 times dilution spray 1 7 68% Mancozeb (Golden Thunder) 500 times dilution 1 64% Mancozeb Wettable Powder 500 times dilution 1 Viral diseases 1.5% Plant Disease Control Emulsion + Plant Power 2003 1000x + 800x spray 1 7 20% Virus A Powder + 83 Antibiotic 500x + 100x dilution spray 1 7 72% Virus Killer + Yunda 120 600x + 800x dilution spray 1 7 83 Antioxidant Spray once each during the seedling stage and after the seedlings have recovered from transplant shock, using a 100-fold dilution. 2 3 2% Ningnanmycin (Pyrimethamine, Junkeduke) Aqueous Solution 200x dilution spray 2 8 20% Morpholine Copper Hydrochloride 500x dilution spray 2 3 powdery mildew 25% Amistar Suspension (Preventive) 1500 times dilution spray 1 7 Pyraclostrobin·Azoxystrobin (Green Princess) 1000-1500 times dilution 1 Pyraclostrobin (250g / L Kairun) EC 1000-2000 times dilution 1 Azoxystrobin·Dictyophora indica (300g / L Cui Ze) water dispersible granules 2000-3000 times dilution 1 50% Azoxystrobin (Tsuibei) Water Dispersible Granules 3000-5000 times dilution 1 80% Sulfur (Standard) Water Dispersible Granules 500-1000 times dilution 2 30% Fluopyram (Tefulin) Powder 5000x dilution powder spraying 2 15% cyazofamid 4500-5000 times dilution spray 2 Downy mildew and blight 25% Amistar Suspension (Preventive) 1500 times dilution 1 Pyraclostrobin EC (250g / L Kairun) 1500 times dilution 1 60% Azoxystrobin·Mancozeb Water Dispersible Granules (Baitai) 1000-2000 times dilution 1 18.7% dimethoyl pyrazole ester water-dispersible granules (Kate) 1000-2000 times dilution 1 50% dimethomorph wettable powder (Aktobacco) 600 times dilution 1 70% Mancozeb Water Dispersible Granules (Pinrun) 2000 times dilution 1 45% Chlorothalonil smoke agent 500-700 times dilution 3 4 72% Cymoxanil + Mancozeb (Kluene) Powder <![CDATA[110~180g / 667m 2 ]]> 4 3 72.2% Propamocarb (Previcur) Aqueous Solution 800 times dilution 3 3 69% Anker Manganese Zinc 800 times dilution 4 3 52.5% Inhibitory-Quick-Clearing Water-Dispersible Granules 2000 times dilution 5 3 Brown rot 72% Cymoxanil + Mancozeb (Cloth) Powder 800x dilution spray 4 3 69% Anker Manganese Zinc 1000x Night Spray 4 3 64% disinfectant 500x dilution spray 1 50% Copper methyl methacrylate wettable powder 600x dilution spray 1 Aphids, whiteflies 2.5% deltamethrin (Dichlorvos) EC 2000-3000 times dilution spray 3 2 10% Imidacloprid Wettable Powder 2000-3000 times dilution spray 2 7 4% Aphid-killing dust <![CDATA[1kg / 667m 2 Powder spraying 2 5 22% Dichlorvos Smoke Agent <![CDATA[400g / 667 m 2 Smoke 5 5 80% Dichlorvos Emulsifiable Concentrate 800-1000 times dilution spray 5 5 5% cis-cypermethrin (Lefuling) emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times dilution spray 2 3 Aphids, whiteflies 25% Thiamethoxam (Actec) Water Dispersible Granules 2500-5000 times dilution spray 3 2 10% Imidacloprid Wettable Powder 2000-3000 times dilution spray 2 7 20% Planthopper Wettable Powder 800-1000 times dilution spray 2 5 22% Dichlorvos Smoke Agent <![CDATA[400g / 667 m 2 Smoke 5 5 80% Dichlorvos Emulsifiable Concentrate 800-1000 times dilution spray 5 5 5% cis-cypermethrin (Lefuling) emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times dilution spray 2 3 Root-knot nematode disease 1.5% Mycotoxin Root irrigation with a dilution of 3500–7000 times 1 10 Cutworm 10% Dichondroitin Powder Granules Apply 2kg~2.5kg / 667m2 per hole 1 10 10% Fuqiduo powder granules Apply 1.5kg~2kg / 667m2 per hole 1 10 Huang Shougua 40% Cypermethrin Aqueous Solution 8000 times dilution 1 5 90% trichlorfon emulsion Root irrigation with 1500-2000 times dilution 1 7 50% Phoxim Emulsifiable Concentrate Root irrigation with a 2000-3000 times dilution 1 7 This technical solution, based on the characteristics of modern vegetable farms, addresses the problems of land waste, insufficient ecological coordination, and high pest and disease control costs in traditional farm planting models by planting climbing medicinal herbs that can twine around trees, fences, and walls in the vacant areas around green trees, fences, and walls; planting vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal herbs in the light-receiving vacant areas between greenhouses; and planting trampling-resistant perennial evergreen medicinal herbs in the lawn area. This maximizes the use of land resources in modern farms, increases farm economic benefits, and constructs natural biological barriers through the selection of functional medicinal herbs, reducing pest and disease control costs and ecological pollution, simplifying management processes, reducing planting difficulty and costs, and achieving ecological landscape and long-term sustainable planting. This technical solution utilizes a large amount of organic materials such as corn stalks, well-rotted earthworm manure, and farmyard manure for soil fumigation, combined with deep plowing and mulching. This not only kills soil pathogens and insect eggs, reducing soil-borne diseases, but also increases soil organic matter content. Combined with bio-organic fertilizers and soil conditioners, this method maintains soil fertility and health in the long term, providing a high-quality soil environment for tomato growth. Furthermore, by optimizing tomato and cucumber cultivation techniques, using herbal seed fumigation and soilless substrate seedling cultivation in plug trays, combined with precise temperature control after emergence and hardening off before transplanting, the resulting seedlings have well-developed root systems and strong disease resistance, laying a foundation for later growth. Precise fertilization is applied according to different growth stages, and the amount can be adjusted based on plant growth to avoid nutrient over- or under-nutrients, improving cucumber yield and taste. Integrated pest management reduces the use of chemical pesticides, ensuring pollution-free cucumber quality.

[0030] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and creating opportunities, characterized by: Based on the farm's layout, climbing medicinal herbs that can twine around the trees, railings, and walls are planted in the open areas around the trees, railings, and walls; vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal herbs are planted in the open areas between greenhouses; perennial evergreen medicinal herbs that are resistant to trampling are planted in the lawn area; and tomatoes and cucumbers are grown in the corresponding greenhouses using traditional Chinese medicine agricultural tomato and cucumber cultivation techniques.

2. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for planting climbing medicinal herbs in the vacant areas around rows of trees, railings, and walls are as follows: A1) Variety selection: Determine the varieties of climbing medicinal herbs to be planted based on the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area; A2) Planting: In the vacant area around the rows of green trees, railings, and walls, choose a location where the sun can shine. According to the determined specifications of the climbing medicinal herbs, mechanically dig planting holes with a depth of 30cm to 40cm and a width of 25cm to 35cm. Mix 1kg to 2kg of organic fertilizer and 20g of compound fertilizer and spread it at the bottom of the planting hole. Then cover it with a 5cm to 8cm layer of bottom soil. On the premise of separating the fertilizer from the seedling roots, plant the seedlings of climbing medicinal herbs. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to promote survival. Water once every 5 to 8 days after planting to help the seedlings recover. A3) Fertilization: After the climbing medicinal herb seedlings have survived, use Zhongquan bio-enzyme fertilizer and water diluted at a weight ratio of 1:480-520 to irrigate each plant with 3-5 kg ​​of fertilizer solution per hole. When fertilizing, pour the fertilizer solution evenly into the soil around the plant, avoiding contact with the plant stems and leaves. It can be done together with the seedling establishment water. A4) Trellising: When the plant enters the vine-spreading stage, use bamboo poles to build a trellis 10cm to 15cm away from the plant. The height of the trellis depends on the distance between the plant and the green trees, railings, or walls. Use the bamboo poles to guide the plant's vines to the green trees, railings, or walls. A5) Post-planting management: After the plant's vines have twined around green trees, railings, or walls, it should be managed in a semi-wild, semi-planting manner.

3. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A5 above, the semi-wild, semi-planted method is as follows: After the plant has climbed onto the green trees, railings, and walls, there is no need to spray pesticides, fertilize, or prune the vines; when the vines of the plant bear the first fruit, use a fertilizer solution diluted with water at a weight ratio of 3:500 to water the roots of each plant 1 to 2 times at a rate of 4 kg to 6 kg of fertilizer solution each time.

4. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for planting vigorous and toxic vine-like medicinal plants in the light-retaining open areas between greenhouses are as follows: B1) Seedlings: Select the planting varieties of vine-like Chinese medicinal plants according to the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area, and purchase seedlings of the planting varieties; B2) Transplanting: Before transplanting seedlings, clear away debris from the open space between greenhouses. Transplant in mid-to-late March. Follow the principle of not planting in low-lying areas and plant randomly according to the terrain. Insert the seedlings obliquely into the soil to a depth of 3cm-5cm and a length of 5cm-8cm. After compacting the soil, water the transplanted seedlings with a root-setting water solution made of Zhongquan biological enzyme fertilizer and water at a weight ratio of 1:600-800. B3) Management: In the early stage of seedling growth, weeds are removed manually. In the middle and later stages of growth, there is no need to spray pesticides or apply fertilizer. Throughout the growth process, vines near the greenhouse are cut off regularly to prevent them from invading the greenhouse. B4) Harvesting: Harvest the vine-like medicinal plants according to the market purchase price, following the conventional method of harvesting once every three years or delaying the harvest by 5 to 8 years.

5. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for planting durable, perennial evergreen medicinal herbs in the lawn area are as follows: C1) Seedlings: Select the varieties of perennial evergreen Chinese herbal medicine plants that are resistant to trampling based on the natural conditions and ecological environment of the planting area, and purchase the seedlings of the varieties. C2) Transplanting: Apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer + 30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre to the open space in the lawn area. Then, after fertilizing and tilling the lawn area, rake it flat. Plant the seedlings in the planting holes with a plant spacing of 20 cm to 30 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm to 40 cm, fill the holes with soil and compact it. After planting, water thoroughly. Water again after 7 to 10 days, using a small amount of water to promote root growth. C3) Post-planting management: Plant perennial evergreen Chinese herbal medicines that are resistant to trampling on the lawn. Let them grow naturally. If it is too dry, water them appropriately. They are evergreen all year round and do not need to be mowed. C4) Harvesting: Depending on market conditions or farm site, the harvesting cycle can be once a year or once every few years. A special seedling harvester can be used during harvesting. After harvesting, the old seedlings can be sorted, divided, and then replanted in the original location.

6. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the traditional Chinese medicine agricultural tomato planting technique are as follows: D1) Fuse in the greenhouse: Lay 3000kg-5000kg of corn stalks (3cm-5cm in length) in a 667㎡ greenhouse. Then, use an agricultural fertilizer spreader to evenly spread 7500kg-8500kg of well-rotted earthworm manure or 6000kg-8000kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 80kg-120kg of oilseed cake, and 15kg-30kg of micronutrient fertilizer in the greenhouse. After deep plowing to a depth of 20cm-40cm, prepare the land and make ridges. Then, flood irrigate the greenhouse with water, ensuring the water level is 3cm-5cm above the ground. After the water has seeped into the soil, cover the greenhouse with plastic film and compact it. Seal the greenhouse for 20-30 days, then irrigate again and plow the soil. D2) Soil enrichment: After plowing and drying for 10-15 days, apply 150-170 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 10-20 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 20-30 kg of silicon-calcium-magnesium micronutrient fertilizer, 70-90 kg of attapulgite soil, and 150-170 kg of billion live bacteria soil remediation granules per 667㎡. D3) Planting: After deep plowing and land preparation, plant according to the method of making ridges from north to south and planting in rows of varying sizes; D4) Temperature: During summer and autumn cultivation, do not ventilate before the seedlings recover after transplanting. Maintain a daytime room temperature of 28℃~30℃ and a nighttime temperature of 17℃~20℃. If high temperatures occur, use shade nets or spread mud slurry for shading. During the seedling recovery period, control the highest daytime temperature to around 30℃. After the seedlings recover, maintain a daytime temperature of around 25℃ and a nighttime temperature of around 15℃. After entering the fruiting period, maintain a daytime temperature of around 25℃~28℃ and a nighttime temperature of 10℃~13℃. D5) Humidity: Soil moisture should be 70%–80% during the seedling establishment period, 60%–70% during the flowering and fruiting period, and controlled at 50%–60% during the middle and late growth stages. The air humidity inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 45%–55%. D6) Fertilizer and water management: Employ integrated fertigation cultivation management technology with drip irrigation or subsurface irrigation under mulch. Before the first flower bud blooms, combine watering to help the seedlings establish, and apply 5-10 kg of 20-20-20-TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 25-40 kg of agricultural enzymes or 1 kg of Nasser's Qiqifa inducer per 667㎡ in two applications via drip irrigation. After tomato pruning, promptly increase the amount of potassium fertilizer, i.e., apply 50-90 kg of agricultural enzymes or 5 kg of potassium humate and trace elements per 667㎡ in two applications via drip irrigation. Apply 2.5 kg of elemental fertilizer, 5 kg of compound microbial fertilizer or 5 kg of nano-carbon slow-release fertilizer + 10-20 kg of ternary high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; watering depends on soil moisture, crop growth status and weather; mix BASF Wangqiu 500-1000 times diluted solution with seaweed foliar fertilizer 500-1000 times diluted solution or superoxide dismutase 200 times diluted solution + fruit anti-cracking agent 750 times diluted solution, spray continuously 2-3 times, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application, to achieve rapid absorption of fertilizer nutrients by tomato plants; D7) Plant adjustment: Cover with mulch film 7-10 days after transplanting for winter and spring cultivation, and cover with mulch film about 20 days after transplanting for summer and autumn cultivation. The preferred method for treating flower spikes is bumblebee pollination, or plant growth regulators can be used. After spraying the flowers, the vines can be trained by trellising. Use vine clips and vine ropes with a diameter of 2-3 mm to tie the vines in an S-shape, and use the vine clips to fix the vine ropes to the tomato plants. The vine wire should be about 1.8m-2.3m above the ground. Prune each plant individually, leaving 6-7 fruit clusters before pinching off the growing tip. When the top target fruit cluster flowers, pinch off the growing tip, leaving 2 leaves. Leave 4-5 fruits on each cluster and remove the rest. After the first fruit cluster reaches green maturity, remove withered, yellow, diseased, and old leaves. D8) Response to severe weather: In spring, prevent late spring cold snaps and in summer, prevent sunscald. In autumn and winter, prevent continuous overcast, rain / snow, fog, haze, and cold waves. From October to March of the following year, ventilate in a timely manner, keep warm and reduce humidity. The greenhouse temperature should be 20℃ to 28℃, and the soil moisture should be maintained at 60% to 80%. Shade and cool down during the afternoon high temperature period from April to September. D9) Pest and disease control: Seven days after transplanting, once the seedlings have recovered and survived, spray the leaves once with 2 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer diluted in 30 kg of water. After 15 days, spray the leaves once with 3 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer diluted in 45 kg of water. Spray continuously for 10-13 times, with an interval of about 15 days, until the end of harvesting.

7. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the traditional Chinese medicine-based cucumber cultivation technique are as follows: E1) Sowing: During the sowing period, select cucumber seeds can be directly sown in soilless substrate trays or soaked in traditional Chinese medicine preparations before sowing in soilless substrate trays. After sowing in the substrate trays, water thoroughly and cover the trays with a layer of black mulch. When more than 50% of the seeds have sprouted, remove the black mulch to allow light and greening. After emergence, maintain daytime temperatures at 25℃~28℃ and nighttime temperatures at 16℃~20℃, while preventing damping-off disease in the seedling stage. Two days before transplanting, begin hardening off the seedlings. During hardening off, maintain greenhouse temperatures at 10℃~15℃ at night and 20℃~25℃ during the day. E2) Transplanting: First, apply base fertilizer according to the following standards before transplanting: 3000kg-3500kg of farmyard manure or 1000kg-1200kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 20kg-30kg of micronutrient fertilizer, 3kg-8kg of compound microbial agent, 2kg-4kg of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 20kg of NPK compound fertilizer per 667㎡, and incorporate them into the soil during tilling; then, make ridges according to the greenhouse span, and transplant the seedlings 10-15 days after the greenhouse film is covered. After transplanting, water thoroughly once with a large amount of water to settle the roots, and water again the next day. Do not water for the next few days. After the seedlings have recovered, use drip irrigation tape for drip irrigation; after transplanting, control the daytime temperature at 25℃-30℃ and the nighttime temperature above 15℃, and the temperature for overwintering crops should not be lower than 8℃; E3) Field Management: When using trellises, start training the vines when the cucumbers have grown 4 to 5 true leaves; When pruning, use the single-stem pruning method, remove side branches and all tendrils, and remove female flowers below 5 nodes. When the plant grows to the height of the growth trellis, let the vines grow. The amount of vines depends on the height of the growth trellis. When letting the vines grow, lay the vines on the bed in the same direction, or coil the vines on the bed. At the same time, remove all old leaves at the bottom. When fertilizing, the principle of applying light fertilizer frequently should be followed from planting to harvesting; Pest and disease control adopts a combination of agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control, and traditional Chinese medicine agricultural control methods. E4) Harvesting: Harvest cucumbers in a timely manner according to their different varieties and characteristics.

8. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In step E1 above, the seed soaking of the seed preparation involves spraying the seeds with a broad-spectrum liquid of traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer for at least 4 hours, followed by germination at a constant temperature of 28℃~30℃ for 12h~15h.

9. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In step E3 above, the specific application of diluted fertilizer frequently is as follows: Apply seedling fertilizer to cucumber seedlings 7-10 days after transplanting using an integrated water and fertilizer system, i.e., 1-3 kg of urea and 1-3 kg of broad-spectrum general-purpose Chinese herbal fertilizer per 667㎡; from the vine-spreading stage to flowering, the total amount of topdressing per 667㎡ is 3-8 kg of 20-20-20-TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 2-4 kg of wood vinegar fish protein water-soluble fertilizer, applied in multiple drip irrigations; from the beginning of the fruiting period until 10 days before the last harvest, the total amount of topdressing per 667㎡ is 12-18 kg of 15-8-28-TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 3-8 kg of wood vinegar fish protein water-soluble fertilizer + 4-8 kg of Chinese herbal fertilizer, with the Chinese herbal fertilizer applied in two drip irrigations and the rest applied in multiple drip irrigations; the fertilizer dosage should be adjusted within 20% based on the plant's growth.

10. The method for planting medicinal herbs in a pseudo-ecological farm based on filling gaps and completing tasks according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step E3 above, the physical control method is the use of yellow sticky traps to control aphids. Specifically, 25 to 30 yellow sticky traps of 20 cm × 25 cm are placed per 667 square meters and hung on the upper part of the crops. 25-mesh insect-proof netting is also used to cover the ventilation openings of the greenhouse. The specific methods of TCM-based agricultural prevention and control are as follows: During the seedling stage, starting from the first true leaf, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 20 times with water, once every 10 days, for a total of 2 sprays; after transplanting and seedling establishment, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 15 times with water, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 sprays; during the harvest and fruiting period, spray with a broad-spectrum general-purpose TCM fertilizer diluted 15 times with water, once every 15 days, for a total of 5 sprays; from the vine-spreading stage to the fruiting stage, follow the principle of frequent fertilization as described in step E3 above.