Saline-alkali soil multi-water source precision salt control irrigation and drainage integrated system and equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a saline-alkali soil multi-water-source precision salt control irrigation and drainage integrated system and equipment, relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil irrigation and drainage, and comprises a multi-water-source intelligent evaluation and dynamic deployment module, a precision salt control-irrigation and drainage collaborative regulation module and an integrated anti-blocking salt drainage and tail water recycling module; through real-time monitoring of water source salinity, soil data and crop salt requirement models, optimal water source combinations are dynamically calculated, for example, low-salt rainwater is preferentially used for sensitive crops, and valves are automatically controlled to switch water sources; the scheme has the advantages that the salinization is not intensified by high-salt brackish water, the water resource utilization rate is increased by more than 30%, and the blindness of traditional manual experience deployment is solved; meanwhile, through multi-module data linkage driving decision-making, for example, water source data control irrigation and drainage proportion, a control unit responds to excessive salinity within 10 seconds; the scheme has the advantages that manual intervention is reduced by 90%, and engineering advantages such as corrosion-resistant flow guide design, water flow driving energy saving and modularity easy maintenance are implied, and is suitable for various saline-alkali landforms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of irrigation and drainage technology for saline-alkali land, specifically to an integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] As an important reserve of arable land, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land is of great significance to ensuring food security and ecological security. In the management of saline-alkali land, a scientific and efficient irrigation and drainage system is the core, with the goal of precisely controlling soil salinity to a range suitable for crop growth, while achieving the economical and efficient use of water resources.

[0003] However, existing irrigation and drainage technologies and devices for saline-alkali land have significant shortcomings. While current technologies can switch between multiple water sources such as rainwater, groundwater, and brackish water, they mainly rely on manual experience for water source selection, lacking a dynamic matching mechanism between different water source qualities (salt content, pH, minerals, etc.) and real-time soil salinity and crop salt requirements. This often leads to problems in practice, such as blindly using high-salt and brackish water, exacerbating soil salinization, or over-relying on freshwater, resulting in the waste of precious freshwater resources. The potential of multiple water sources has not been scientifically realized, resulting in low utilization efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional salt control mainly relies on "flood irrigation" to leach and suppress salt (large-scale water pressure on salt), but the water volume control lacks a basis, often resulting in serious waste of water resources (excessive leaching in low-salinity areas) and poor salt control effect (insufficient leaching in high-salinity areas). Although existing technologies have optimized the layout of underground drainage pipes, the irrigation and drainage processes are disconnected in terms of control logic (e.g., closing the drainage outlet during irrigation). Because existing systems only reach the level of pipe structure integration, they fail to achieve real-time coordinated control of "irrigation and salt leaching" and "drainage and salt removal." For example, when using high-salinity sources for irrigation, the drainage volume is not increased simultaneously, resulting in salt not being effectively removed and accumulating on the surface; conversely, when using low-salinity sources, the drainage volume is not reduced accordingly, causing water and fertilizer loss. The severe disconnect between irrigation and drainage seriously restricts the accuracy and stability of salt control.

[0005] The root cause of these deficiencies lies in the lack of intelligent sensing, analysis, and decision-making capabilities based on real-time data from multiple sources such as soil, water, and crops, as well as the lack of dynamic collaborative control mechanisms for irrigation and drainage implementation agencies. The direct consequences are high water consumption, unstable and low-precision soil salinity control, and weak crop growth environment regulation capabilities, ultimately limiting the efficiency of saline-alkali land improvement and the enhancement of agricultural production benefits.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated irrigation and drainage system for saline-alkali land that can intelligently match multiple water sources, precisely coordinate irrigation and drainage processes, and achieve efficient recycling of water resources. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose an integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land, so as to solve the problems that have occurred in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land, including a multi-source intelligent assessment and dynamic allocation module, a precise salt control-irrigation and drainage coordinated regulation module, and an integrated anti-blocking salt drainage and tailwater reuse module;

[0009] Multi-source intelligent assessment and dynamic allocation module: By monitoring the salinity, pH value and water volume of water sources such as rainwater, groundwater and brackish water in real time, and combining soil salinity data and crop salt requirement models, it dynamically calculates the optimal combination of water sources (e.g., low-salinity rainwater is given priority for sensitive crops, and desalinated brackish water is matched with salt-tolerant crops). Based on the algorithm results, it automatically controls valves to switch water sources and adjust the flow rate, so as to achieve precise matching between water source salinity and soil demand, avoid high salinity sources from aggravating salinization, and improve water resource utilization.

[0010] Precision Salt Control - Irrigation and Drainage Coordination Module: Based on real-time soil salinity thresholds (such as the upper limit of crop salt tolerance), it automatically triggers irrigation leaching: It calculates the leaching water volume according to the salinity of the water source and synchronously links the drainage system to adjust the drainage flow proportionally (such as increasing the drainage volume by 30% when irrigating high salinity sources). At the same time, it adaptively optimizes the irrigation and drainage duration and power in combination with soil texture (sand / clay), realizing precise coordination of "on-demand leaching - synchronous salt discharge", solving the problems of water waste and salt back accumulation caused by the disconnect between irrigation and drainage in traditional flood irrigation;

[0011] The formula for calculating the precise rinsing water volume is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] In the formula, Precise daily rinsing water volume (unit: m³) 3 / mu), which is the minimum irrigation water volume required to meet the salt leaching needs; H is the thickness of the crop root water absorption layer (unit: m), usually 0.6m for cotton, 0.4m for wheat, and 0.5m for sunflower, and is set according to the crop type; Soil dry density (unit: g / cm³) 3 ), measured by the ring cutter method; Soil porosity (unit: %) The density of water (unit: g / cm³) 3 ); Soil infiltration rate (unit: cm / h), measured by a dual-ring infiltrator; This is the soil texture correction factor, which is dimensionless.

[0014] Preferably, the integrated anti-clogging and desalination module is used to remove sediment particles by using a hydrocyclone separator at the drainage end, and to intercept colloidal microorganisms by superimposing an ultrafiltration membrane, forming a two-stage anti-clogging barrier to ensure unobstructed drainage pipelines; after the saline wastewater is desalinated by electrodialysis or ion exchange resin, it is stored in a reuse tank and reintroduced into the water source system to realize the recycling of salt resources and reduce freshwater dependence and environmental pollution.

[0015] Preferably, the multi-source intelligent assessment and dynamic allocation module constructs a salt model to dynamically calculate the optimal water source combination. The specific algorithm formula is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, S represents the soil salinity reduction achieved by the target leaching (calculated by the irrigation and drainage coordination module), S0 represents the current soil salinity, and S max It is expressed as the crop salt tolerance threshold, and EC represents the maximum allowable irrigation water required.

[0018] in,

[0019] In the formula, P EC indicates different reproductive stages. target Expressed as target conductivity; EC tmax This is expressed as the maximum conductivity.

[0020] Preferably, the water source data (such as salt concentration) dynamically allocated by the multi-source intelligent assessment and dynamic allocation module drives the rinsing-drainage ratio control of the precise salt control-irrigation and drainage coordinated control module; the saline tailwater generated by the precise salt control-irrigation and drainage coordinated control module is sent to the integrated anti-blocking salt discharge and tailwater reuse module for purification treatment; the purified reused water is reconnected to the water source system, forming a closed-loop resource cycle of "intelligent water source matching → coordinated salt control of irrigation and drainage → tailwater purification and reuse".

[0021] The integrated equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land includes a valve chamber, an inlet flange base installed at the bottom of the valve chamber, a control unit installed above the valve chamber, and a multi-functional chamber installed on one side of the middle of the valve chamber. The integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land also includes a control mechanism and a monitoring mechanism.

[0022] The control mechanism is installed in the valve cavity and is used for intelligent control and cleaning of the valve.

[0023] The monitoring mechanism is installed in the multifunctional cavity, and it is used for buffering and collecting dirt inside the valve cavity.

[0024] Preferably, the control mechanism includes a control shaft, the upper end of which is rotatably mounted in a control unit, and a control disc fixedly mounted at the lower end of the control shaft. Symmetrically arranged water outlet grooves are provided on the control disc, and the outer surface of the control disc is rotatably connected to a valve chamber. A water-blocking block is symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower surface of the control disc, and the water-blocking block is used to block the water outlet from the water outlet grooves. A flow guide is fixedly mounted in the valve chamber near the upper part of the control disc, and the middle part of the flow guide is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the control shaft. A turbine is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the control shaft near the upper part of the flow guide, and the turbine's volute blades are perpendicular to the water outlet hole at the upper end of the turbine. The turbine starts rotating when the water flow velocity is ≥0.5m / s, with a rotation speed of 50-80r / min, driving the annular internal gear filter disc to rotate at a speed of 5-10r / min, thereby achieving dynamic removal of impurities from the filter screen surface (filter screen pore size 100-200 mesh, filter screen flux recovery rate ≥90% after cleaning).

[0025] Preferably, the control mechanism further includes an annular internal toothed filter disc, which is slidably installed in the multifunctional cavity. A sealing cover is fitted around the annular internal toothed filter disc near the outside of the multifunctional cavity, and the sealing cover is fixedly installed on the multifunctional cavity. A filter screen is provided on the upper surface of the annular internal toothed filter disc, and the two ends of the filter screen are slidably installed on the isolation plate and the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity, respectively. A drive shaft is rotatably installed on the lower surface of the filter screen near the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity. A rotating tooth is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer surface of the drive shaft, and the tooth surface of the rotating tooth meshes with the annular internal toothed filter disc.

[0026] Preferably, a transmission belt is installed on the outer surface of the transmission shaft near the lower part of the rotating teeth, and the end of the transmission belt away from the transmission shaft is installed on the upper outer surface of the middle part. A water quality monitoring device 47 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the multifunctional cavity near the upper part of the isolation plate. The water quality monitoring device 47 is used for water quality monitoring and early warning.

[0027] Preferably, the monitoring mechanism includes a buffer sludge collection plate, the outer surface of which is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the multifunctional chamber. A sliding shaft is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the middle part of the buffer sludge collection plate. The outer surface of the sliding shaft away from the buffer sludge collection plate is slidably mounted on the bottom of the multifunctional chamber. A tension spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding shaft near the multifunctional chamber. The elastic coefficient of the tension spring is 50-80 N / m, the free length is 80-120 mm, and the maximum tension is 50-80 mm. When the water pressure inside the multifunctional chamber is ≥0.2 MPa, the buffer sludge collection plate slides downward against the spring tension, and the sliding distance is ≥5 cm, triggering a pre-set pressure sensor at the bottom of the buffer sludge collection plate for early warning.

[0028] Preferably, one end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the multifunctional cavity, and the other end of the tension spring is fixedly installed on the sliding shaft. A drain groove is provided on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity near the buffer dirt collection plate, and a square slider is slidably installed in the drain groove. A dirt-blocking threaded disc is rotatably installed in the middle of the square slider, and the outer surface of the dirt-blocking threaded disc is threaded onto the multifunctional cavity.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, the integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage in saline-alkali land with multiple water sources provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) Dynamic optimization and matching of multiple water sources to improve water resource utilization: Existing technologies rely on manual experience to select water sources, lacking dynamic matching of water quality, soil salinity and crop salt requirements, which can easily lead to high-salt and slightly saline water exacerbating salinization or over-reliance on fresh water resulting in waste. This system monitors the salinity, pH value and water volume of rainwater, groundwater and slightly saline water in real time, and combines soil salinity data and crop salt requirement models to dynamically calculate the optimal combination of water sources. For example, low-salt rainwater is given priority for sensitive crops, and slightly saline water is matched with salt-tolerant crops. The system also automatically controls valves to switch water sources and adjust flow rates, which not only avoids high-salt water sources from exacerbating salinization, but also increases water resource utilization by more than 30%, solving the blindness of traditional manual experience allocation.

[0031] (2) Precise salt control through coordinated irrigation and drainage to solve the problems of resource waste and salt accumulation: Traditional salt control relies on "flood irrigation" to leach and suppress salt, with no basis for water volume control, and the control logic of irrigation and drainage processes is disconnected, often resulting in serious water waste or salt accumulation. The precise salt control-irrigation and drainage coordinated regulation module of this system automatically triggers irrigation and leaching based on the real-time threshold of soil salinity (such as the upper limit of crop salt tolerance), calculates the leaching water volume according to the salinity of the water source, and synchronously links the drainage system to adjust the drainage flow proportionally (such as increasing the drainage volume by 30% when irrigating high salinity sources). At the same time, it adaptively optimizes the irrigation and drainage duration and power in combination with soil texture (sand / clay), realizing precise coordination of "on-demand leaching-synchronous salt discharge". Clay soil saves 40% of water and increases salt discharge efficiency by 50%, fundamentally solving the problems of water waste and salt accumulation in traditional flood irrigation.

[0032] (3) Closed-loop resource utilization of tailwater to reduce freshwater dependence and environmental pollution: Existing technologies are insufficient for treating saline tailwater generated from irrigation, and most of it is directly discharged, which wastes water resources and causes environmental pollution. The integrated anti-clogging and desalination and tailwater reuse module of this system uses a hydrocyclone separator to remove silt particles at the drainage end, and superimposed an ultrafiltration membrane to intercept colloidal microorganisms, forming a double-level anti-clogging barrier to ensure smooth drainage pipelines; after the saline tailwater is desalinated by electrodialysis or ion exchange resin, it is stored in a reuse tank and reintroduced into the water source system, forming a closed-loop resource cycle of "intelligent matching of water source → coordinated salt control of irrigation and drainage → purification and reuse of tailwater", reducing freshwater demand by 50% and realizing the resource recovery of salt, eliminating pollution from the source.

[0033] (4) Hardware self-cleaning and anti-clogging design to extend equipment life and reduce maintenance costs: Traditional saline-alkali irrigation and drainage equipment is prone to pipe blockage and equipment corrosion due to saline-alkali environment and impurities in water, with an average of 3-4 blockages per year, resulting in high maintenance costs and affecting system operation. This system adopts hardware self-cleaning and anti-clogging design. The turbine drives the annular internal tooth filter disc to rotate, which works in conjunction with the angled scraper to dynamically clean the dirt; the buffer sludge collection plate monitors blockages and quickly discharges dirt, achieving zero blockage in the drainage pipeline throughout the year; at the same time, the use of corrosion-resistant materials (such as stainless steel scrapers) adapts to the high-salt environment, significantly extending equipment life and reducing maintenance costs and frequency.

[0034] (5) Full-process intelligent and low-intervention, adaptable to various saline-alkali land terrains: Existing technologies lack intelligent perception, analysis and decision-making capabilities based on multi-source real-time data, as well as dynamic collaborative control mechanisms for irrigation and drainage actuators, requiring a large amount of manual intervention and having poor adaptability to different saline-alkali land terrains. This system drives decision-making through multi-module data linkage, such as adjusting the irrigation and drainage ratio based on water source data, and the control unit responding to excessive salinity within 10 seconds, reducing manual intervention by 90%; it also implicitly includes engineering advantages such as corrosion-resistant flow guidance design, water flow-driven energy saving, and modular easy maintenance, which can adapt to various saline-alkali land terrains and improve the efficiency of saline-alkali land improvement and agricultural production benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated system for precise salt control irrigation and drainage in saline-alkali land with multiple water sources, as per the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a modular schematic diagram of the integrated system for precise salt control irrigation and drainage in saline-alkali land with multiple water sources, as per the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is an auxiliary schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the control mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection relationship of the monitoring mechanism of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view at point B in the middle;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection relationship of the multi-linkage self-cleaning component of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of point C.

[0045] In the picture:

[0046] 1. Valve chamber; 11. Inlet flange base; 12. Control unit; 13. Multifunctional chamber; 2. Control mechanism; 21. Control shaft; 22. Isolation plate; 23. Turbine; 24. Flow guide; 25. Control disc; 26. Water outlet groove; 27. Water blocking block;

[0047] 3. Monitoring mechanism; 31. Buffer collection plate; 32. Sliding shaft; 33. Tension spring; 34. Stain-blocking threaded disc; 35. Square slider;

[0048] 4. Self-cleaning mechanism; 41. Annular internal toothed filter disc; 42. Filter screen; 43. Sealing cover; 44. Rotating tooth; 45. Drive shaft; 46. Drive belt; 47. Water quality monitoring device. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0051] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1 to 10 As shown:

[0052] To address the problems mentioned in the technical solutions, this application provides an integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land, including a valve chamber 1, an inlet flange base 11 installed at the bottom of the valve chamber 1, a control unit 12 installed above the valve chamber 1, and a multi-functional chamber 13 installed on one side of the middle of the valve chamber 1. The integrated system and equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land also includes a control mechanism 2 and a monitoring mechanism 3.

[0053] The control mechanism 2 is installed in the valve cavity 1, and the control mechanism 2 is used for intelligent control and cleaning of the valve;

[0054] The monitoring mechanism 3 is installed in the multifunctional cavity 13. The monitoring mechanism 3 is used for buffering and collecting dirt inside the valve cavity 1.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the upper end of the control shaft 21 is rotatably installed in the control unit 12, and the lower end of the control shaft 21 is fixedly installed with a control plate 25. The control plate 25 is symmetrically provided with water outlet grooves 26. The outer surface of the control plate 25 is rotatably connected to the valve cavity 1. The lower surface of the control plate 25 is symmetrically fixedly connected with water blocking blocks 27. The water blocking blocks 27 are used to block the water outlet of the water outlet grooves 26. The valve cavity 1 is fixedly installed with a flow guide 24 near the upper part of the control plate 25. The middle part of the flow guide 24 is rotatably installed on the outer surface of the control shaft 21. The outer surface of the control shaft 21 is rotatably installed near the upper part of the flow guide 24. The volute surface of the turbine 23 is perpendicular to the water outlet hole at the upper end of the turbine 23.

[0056] The control disc 25 is symmetrically equipped with water outlet grooves 26, dividing the entire disc into four equal areas. The water outlet grooves 26 are evenly distributed in the diagonal areas, and these grooves are arranged in a circular pattern within each quarter of the disc. When the control shaft 21 rotates, it drives the control disc 25 to rotate synchronously within the valve chamber 1. Waterproof sealing gaskets are installed at the contact points between the control disc 25 and the valve chamber 1, and at the contact points between the water-blocking block 27 and the upper surface of the control disc 25, to ensure sealing performance.

[0057] A flow guide shroud 24 is installed above the control disc 25 inside the valve chamber 1. This shroud features a semi-spiral design, with its outer wall fixed to the inside of the valve chamber 1 and its center rotatably mounted on the control shaft 21. By controlling the rotation angle of the control disc 25 through a preset algorithm program, precise control of the inlet flow rate of the outlet tank 26 can be achieved. After the water enters, the semi-arc-shaped flow guide of the flow guide shroud 24 directly impacts the surface of the turbine 23, driving the turbine 23 to rotate. This design not only provides operating power for the multi-linkage self-cleaning assembly 4 but also reduces equipment aging caused by direct water flow scouring of the inner wall of the valve chamber 1, thereby extending the equipment's service life.

[0058] The upper end of the control shaft 21 is connected to the control unit 12, which has a built-in drive motor. The drive motor is controlled by an algorithm to adjust the angle of the control disc 25. The system can automatically and rationally control the opening and closing state of the control disc 25 according to soil surface data and a programmed design.

[0059] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the annular internal toothed filter disc 41 is slidably installed in the multifunctional cavity 13. A sealing cover 43 is sleeved on the outer side of the annular internal toothed filter disc 41 near the multifunctional cavity 13. The sealing cover 43 is fixedly installed on the multifunctional cavity 13. A filter screen 42 is provided on the upper surface of the annular internal toothed filter disc 41. The two ends of the filter screen 42 are slidably installed on the isolation plate 22 and the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13, respectively. A drive shaft 45 is rotatably installed on the lower surface of the filter screen 42 near the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13. A rotating tooth 44 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer surface of the drive shaft 45. The tooth surface of the rotating tooth 44 meshes with the annular internal toothed filter disc 41.

[0060] The annular internal tooth filter disc 41 is disc-shaped and hollow in the middle. The inner circumference of the middle is evenly provided with meshing grooves. The annular internal tooth filter disc 41 can be driven to rotate on the multi-functional cavity 13 by the meshing action of the rotating teeth 44. The inner wall of the multi-functional cavity 13 is symmetrically fixed with beveled scrapers near the lower surface of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41. When the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 rotates, the surface of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 can be cleaned by the beveled scrapers. The scrapers are made of stainless steel with certain toughness and corrosion resistance.

[0061] Furthermore, a transmission belt 46 is installed on the outer surface of the drive shaft 45 near the lower part of the rotating gear 44. The end of the transmission belt 46 away from the drive shaft 45 is installed on the upper outer surface of the middle part. A water quality monitoring device 47 is symmetrically fixedly installed in the multi-functional cavity 13 near the upper part of the isolation plate 22. The water quality monitoring device 47 is used for water quality monitoring and early warning.

[0062] The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the water quality monitoring device 47. Through the terminal model algorithm, the control unit 12 can control the water flow in real time by monitoring the water quality of the water quality in real time through the water quality monitoring device 47. This is conducive to the precise replenishment of water source and reduces water waste. At the same time, this solution uses the water flow of the monitoring mechanism 3 as the power source to continuously drive the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 to rotate slowly in the multi-functional chamber 13. This not only reduces the local clogging of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41, but also facilitates the dynamic cleaning of the screen holes of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41, reducing the local filtration pressure of the clogging holes. At the same time, the angled scrapers on both sides of the inner wall of the multi-functional chamber 13 can quickly remove large particles on the surface of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41, and reduce the clogging caused by the adhesion of organic matter inside the water on the surface of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41, realizing dynamic self-cleaning after the equipment is running.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, the outer surface of the buffer sludge collection plate 31 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13. A sliding shaft 32 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the middle part of the buffer sludge collection plate 31. The outer surface of the end of the sliding shaft 32 away from the buffer sludge collection plate 31 is slidably installed on the bottom of the multifunctional cavity 13. A tension spring 33 is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding shaft 32 near the multifunctional cavity 13. The elastic coefficient of the tension spring 33 is 50-80 N / m, the free length is 80-120 mm, and the maximum tension is 50-80 mm. When the water pressure inside the multifunctional cavity 13 is ≥0.2 MPa, the buffer sludge collection plate 31 slides downward against the spring tension. The sliding distance is ≥5 cm, triggering the pressure sensor with a range of 0-0.5 MPa and an accuracy of ±0.01 MPa preset at the bottom of the buffer sludge collection plate 31 for early warning.

[0064] The design of the buffer collection plate 31 and the tension spring 33 can buffer the water pressure inside the multifunctional cavity 13. At the same time, when the filter holes of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 become blocked, the water flow accumulates and increases on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13. At this time, the water pressure inside the multifunctional cavity 13 gradually increases. The buffer collection plate 31 can slide downward under the squeezing action of the water pressure, and the tension spring 33 is stretched. Thus, the blockage inside the multifunctional cavity 13 can be monitored, and the water pressure inside the multifunctional cavity 13 can be buffered.

[0065] Furthermore, one end of the tension spring 33 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the multifunctional cavity 13, and the other end of the tension spring 33 is fixedly installed on the sliding shaft 32. A drain groove is provided on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13 near the buffer dirt collection plate 31, and a square slider 35 is slidably installed in the drain groove. A dirt-blocking threaded disk 34 is rotatably installed in the middle of the square slider 35, and the threads on the outer surface of the dirt-blocking threaded disk 34 are installed on the multifunctional cavity 13.

[0066] In this system, a drain trough is provided on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13. As water flows through the annular internal toothed filter disc 41, heavier impurities accumulate on the surface of the buffer collection plate 31. When a certain amount of impurities accumulate on the surface of the buffer collection plate 31, the impurities have a certain weight, but this weight is greater than the elastic force of the tension spring 33. At this point, the buffer collection plate 31 will gradually slide down along the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13. When the buffer collection plate 31 slides to the bottom of the multifunctional cavity 13 and the upper surface of the buffer collection plate 31 is on the same plane as the bottom of the square slider 35, the pressure sensor preset at the bottom of the buffer collection plate 31 will notify the end user to clean the impurities on the surface of the buffer collection plate 31. The operator only needs to rotate the anti-fouling threaded disc 34 to disengage it from the multifunctional cavity 13 and clean the impurities on the surface of the buffer collection plate 31 through the drain trough, making the process quicker and more convenient.

[0067] This solution reduces water flow impact through the semi-spiral design of the flow guide shroud 24 and enhances the resistance to salt and alkali corrosion by using corrosion-resistant stainless steel materials (such as scrapers), significantly extending the equipment's lifespan. Simultaneously, the water flow drives the turbine 23 to operate the self-cleaning components, achieving energy-saving operation with zero external energy consumption. The monitoring mechanism 3 integrates a pressure sensor to support remote monitoring and early warning, expanding the system's intelligent management dimensions. It adaptively adjusts irrigation and drainage parameters based on soil texture (sand / clay), enhancing the applicability to different saline-alkali terrains. Furthermore, the modular, detachable design (filter screen 42 and anti-fouling threaded disc 34) and sliding sewage trough (square slider 35) significantly reduce maintenance complexity and costs.

[0068] Example 2 illustrates a cotton planting base in southern Xinjiang, covering approximately 2,000 mu (about 133 hectares). The soil type is clayey saline-alkali soil, with an initial soil salinity (0-60cm soil layer) of 0.65%, far exceeding the 0.4% salt tolerance threshold for cotton seedlings. The area receives only 30-50mm of rainfall annually and relies primarily on groundwater irrigation; however, groundwater salinity fluctuates seasonally. A 5,000m... 3 Rainwater harvesting pond (can store approximately 3000m³ of rainwater during the rainy season) 3 (salinity 0.1%) and 2000m 3 The base uses a brackish water storage tank (drawing shallow brackish water from the surrounding area, with a salinity of 0.82%–1.2%). During the cotton seedling stage in April and May each year, low germination rates are common due to soil salinization. Traditional flood irrigation methods result in water resource utilization rates of less than 50%, and the underground drainage pipes clog 3-4 times annually, with direct discharge of wastewater causing environmental pollution. In April 2024, the base introduced an "integrated system for precise salt control irrigation and drainage in saline-alkali land with multiple water sources." This system aims to precisely regulate soil salinity during the cotton seedling stage while simultaneously improving water resource utilization.

[0069] The short-term goal of this plan is to reduce the soil salinity in the 0-60cm layer to below 0.4% during the cotton seedling stage, ensuring a germination rate of ≥90%.

[0070] Medium-term goals: Increase water resource utilization rate to over 80% and reduce freshwater consumption by 50%; ensure zero blockage in underground drainage pipes throughout the year and achieve a 60% wastewater reuse rate.

[0071] Long-term goal: To form a closed loop of "intelligent water source matching - coordinated irrigation and drainage for salt control - wastewater purification and reuse" to achieve sustainable planting on saline-alkali land.

[0072] First, we begin the preliminary preparations: parameter calibration and equipment deployment;

[0073] Parameter acquisition and calibration: Water source parameters: Rainwater is monitored in real time using water quality sensors (EC, pH) (EC1=0.1dS / m, pH=7.2, Q1=3000m). 3Groundwater (EC2=0.35dS / m, pH=7.5, Q2=500m³ / day) 3 Slightly brackish water (EC3=0.9dS / m, pH=7.3, Q3=2000m) 3 The data is then uploaded to the central algorithm unit.

[0074] Table 1 is the input parameter system table;

[0075]

[0076] Soil parameters: Twenty soil salinity sensors were evenly distributed within the site to monitor the salinity of the 0-60cm soil layer, S0 = 0.65%. The salinity was calculated using the calibration formula S = k × EC (k = 0.015). 土壤 =43.3dS / m; at the same time, the soil texture was determined to be clay soil, and the irrigation and drainage duration coefficient was determined to be 1.2 (the coefficient for sandy soil was 0.8).

[0077] Crop parameters: Salt tolerance threshold S for cotton seedlings max =0.4%, corresponding to EC max =26.7dS / m; Average daily irrigation water requirement during seedling stage W total =400m 3 (Based on 2000 mu, the average daily water requirement per mu is 0.2m) 3 calculate).

[0078] The deployment process for this equipment is as follows:

[0079] First, an integrated intelligent valve assembly, comprising valve chamber 1, control unit 12, and multi-functional chamber 13, is installed at the water source inlet. The valve assembly connects to the rainwater tank, groundwater well, and brackish water storage tank. Drip irrigation networks and underground drainage systems are laid in the fields. One hydrocyclone separator + ultrafiltration membrane anti-clogging device is installed for every 50 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares). An electrodialysis desalination unit (with a treatment capacity of 200 m³) is installed at the tailwater reuse end. 3 / day) and recycled water tank (1000m) 3 ).

[0080] The control unit 12 is wirelessly connected to the central algorithm unit to ensure a response to salt exceeding the standard command within 10 seconds; the control mechanism 2, including the control shaft 21, turbine 23, annular internal tooth filter disc 41 and the monitoring mechanism 3, including the buffer dirt collection plate 31 and the dirt blocking threaded disc 34, are respectively deployed in the valve chamber 1 and the multi-functional chamber 13 to realize equipment self-cleaning and blockage early warning.

[0081] Phase 1: Intelligent assessment and dynamic allocation of multiple water sources;

[0082] Target EC threshold calculation: Based on the cotton seedling stage requirements, combined with the current soil salinity S0=0.65% and the target Smax=0.4%, the following calculation is performed: =0.25%, substitute into formula EC target =ECmax×(1- / S0) = 26.7 × (1 - 0.25 / 0.65) ≈ 16.3 dS / m (the growth period coefficient is taken as 1.0, the seedling stage is not the flowering stage or the maturity stage).

[0083] Water source priority ranking: In ascending order of EC value, the order is: rainwater (EC1=0.1) < groundwater (EC2=0.35) < brackish water (EC3=0.9). Brackish water (EC3=0.9dS / m < 5dS / m) can directly participate in mixing, but the EC value after mixing must meet certain conditions. mix ≤16.3dS / m.

[0084] Mixed proportion calculation (linear programming);

[0085] Objective function: minECmix = x1 × 0.1 + x2 × 0.35 + x3 × 0.9 (x1 + x2 + x3 = 1, x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0)

[0086] Constraints: 0.1x1 + 0.35x2 + 0.9x3 ≤ 16.3 (salinity constraint, not actually met; the core constraint is water volume), x1×3000 + x2×500 + x3×2000 ≥ 400×10 = 4000 (total water demand in 10 days), x1×3000 ≤ 3000 (maximum available rainwater), x2×500 ≤ 500×10 = 5000 (total exploitable groundwater in 10 days), x3×2000 ≤ 2000 (maximum available brackish water).

[0087] Calculation result: Rainwater should be used first, x1 = 3000 / 4000 = 0.75 (3000m³ of rainwater will be used in 10 days). 3 ), 1000m remaining 3 Groundwater needs to be replenished, x2=1000 / 4000=0.25, x3=0 (slightly brackish water will not be used for the time being).

[0088] Valve control: The central algorithm unit sends a command to the intelligent valve group, opening the rainwater valve to 75% (flow rate 300m³). 3 / day), groundwater valve opened 25% (flow rate 100m³ / day). 3 / day), the brackish water valve is closed; the control mechanism 2 drives the control disc 25 to rotate through the control shaft 21 to control the flow rate of the outlet tank 26, ensuring an average daily irrigation volume of 400m³. 3 Meanwhile, the turbine 23 rotates under the drive of water flow, which drives the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 to rotate, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the filter screen 42.

[0089] Phase 2: Precise salt control - coordinated regulation of irrigation and drainage;

[0090] Soil salinity monitoring and leaching trigger: On April 11, the soil salinity sensor reported S=0.52% (EC=34.7dS / m), which was still higher than Smax=0.4%, and the system automatically triggered the irrigation leaching mode.

[0091] Calculation of rinse water volume and drainage ratio: based on EC after water source mixing mix =0.1×0.75+0.35×0.25=0.1625dS / m, and considering the characteristics of clay soil, calculate the leaching water volume = W total ×1.2=480m 3 / day (20% more than conventional irrigation); due to the use of a low-salinity source (EC mix =0.1625dS / m < 1dS / m), the drainage ratio is adjusted to 1:1.1, that is, the drainage volume = 480 × 1.1 = 528m³ 3 / sky.

[0092] Irrigation and drainage coordination: Drip irrigation system according to 480m 3 Irrigation is carried out at a daily flow rate, and the variable frequency pump in the underground drainage system is activated at a flow rate of 528m³. 3 / day flow rate drainage; Control unit 12 receives soil salinity data in real time, and on April 15th, S=0.45% was monitored, reducing the leaching water volume to 440m³. 3 / day, drainage volume adjusted accordingly to 484m³ 3 / day; On April 20th, S=0.38%, and the normal irrigation volume was restored to 400m³. 3 / day, drainage volume 440m³ 3 / sky.

[0093] Equipment anti-clogging and monitoring: The buffer sludge collection plate 31 of the monitoring mechanism 3 senses the water flow pressure in real time. When the pressure rises due to the accumulation of mud and sand in the underground pipe, the buffer sludge collection plate 31 compresses the tension spring 32 and slides downward, triggering the pressure sensor to issue an early warning. The staff can open the sewage discharge tank where the square slider 35 is located by rotating the anti-sludge threaded disc 34 to clean the mud and sand. The whole process does not require stopping the machine, ensuring that the drainage pipeline is unobstructed.

[0094] Phase 3: Integrated anti-clogging, desalination, and wastewater reuse;

[0095] Wastewater pretreatment and anti-clogging: The wastewater discharged from the drainage system is 500m³ per day. 3， First, the effluent enters a hydrocyclone separator to remove more than 80% of the silt particles with a diameter >50μm; then, it passes through an ultrafiltration membrane (pore size 0.01μm) to intercept colloids and microorganisms, making the effluent turbidity <1NTU, forming a dual-stage anti-clogging barrier to prevent clogging of subsequent equipment.

[0096] Wastewater desalination and reuse: The pretreated wastewater enters an electrodialysis desalination unit to remove more than 60% of the salt. The treated wastewater has an EC of 0.3 dS / m³ (salinity 0.0045%), which meets the water quality requirements for cotton irrigation. The desalinated wastewater is stored in a reuse tank, and 100 m³ is added to the rainwater pond daily. 3 To reduce groundwater extraction, a total of 3,000 cubic meters of tailwater was reused in April. 3 This accounts for 18.75% of the total irrigation volume.

[0097] High-salinity wastewater treatment: High-salinity wastewater generated by electrodialysis desalination (EC=5dS / m, daily average 50m³) 3 The salt is transported to an evaporation pond, where it evaporates naturally and is then separated. The salt is collected periodically and used as an industrial raw material to avoid environmental pollution.

[0098] (III) Effectiveness Evaluation;

[0099] Soil salinity control: The salinity of the 0-60cm soil layer decreased from the initial 0.65% to 0.38%, which is lower than the salt tolerance threshold of cotton seedlings of 0.4%, and the emergence rate reached 92%, which is 25% higher than that of traditional planting.

[0100] Water resource utilization: Total irrigation volume 16,000 m³ 3 Of which 3000m 3 10,000 m of groundwater 3 3000m³ of wastewater reuse 3 Water resource utilization rate reaches 85% (compared to approximately 45% with traditional methods), reducing freshwater consumption by 4000m³. 3 Water saving rate of 25%.

[0101] Equipment operation: The drainage pipes did not become clogged (traditionally, they clog 3 to 4 times a year on average), the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 and the buffer sludge collection plate 31 operated normally, the water quality monitoring device 47 did not issue any warnings, and the equipment maintenance cost was reduced by 60%.

[0102] Environmental benefits: 60% effluent reuse rate, reducing wastewater discharge by 9000 m³. 3 High-salinity wastewater can be utilized as a resource to avoid secondary soil salinization and groundwater pollution.

[0103] IV. Scenario Extension: Adapting Different Growth Stages to Water Source Conditions

[0104] During the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage (July-August): the salt tolerance threshold increases to Smax=0.6% (ECmax=40dS / m). At this time, the rainwater pond is empty, groundwater EC2=0.45dS / m, and slightly saline water EC3=1.1dS / m (still <5dS / m). The system calculates ECtarget=40×(1-(0.45-0.6) / 0.45)=53.3dS / m (assuming soil salinity S=0.45%). The mixing ratio is adjusted to x2=0.6 (groundwater 240m). 3 / day), x3=0.4 (160m³ of slightly saline water) 3 ( / day), which not only meets water demand but also improves the utilization rate of brackish water.

[0105] Extreme drought period (September): Groundwater exploitability drops to 300m³ 3 / day, the slightly saline water EC3 = 1.3 dS / m (5 < EC3 ≤ 8 dS / m), needs to be mixed with groundwater at a 1:1 ratio. System calculations yield x2 = 0.5 (150m²). 3 / day), x3=0.5 (150m) 3 / day), mixed EC mix =0.45×0.5+1.3×0.5=0.875dS / m≤EC target (Assuming a flow rate of 1 dS / m), the tailwater reuse equipment is simultaneously turned on to operate at full capacity to ensure irrigation needs are met.

[0106] V. Implementation Summary

[0107] This scenario, through integrated operation of "multi-source intelligent allocation - coordinated irrigation and drainage for salinity control - wastewater reuse," solves core problems such as salt damage during the seedling stage, water shortage, and equipment blockage in saline-alkali land in the cotton-growing region of southern Xinjiang. It verifies the system's applicability in clayey saline-alkali soil and multi-source conditions. By dynamically adjusting the water mixing ratio and irrigation and drainage parameters, combined with the equipment's self-cleaning design, it achieves the goals of "precise salinity control, efficient water resource utilization, and zero environmental pollution," providing a replicable implementation plan for similar saline-alkali land improvement projects.

[0108] Table 2 shows the salt flow threshold values ​​for different plants;

[0109]

[0110] Please refer to the above work process. Figures 1 to 10 .

[0111] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0112] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land, comprising a valve chamber (1), wherein an inlet flange base (11) is installed at the bottom of the valve chamber (1), and a control unit (12) is installed above the valve chamber (1), characterized in that, A multi-functional chamber (13) is installed on one side of the middle of the valve chamber (1). The integrated equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage of multiple water sources in saline-alkali land also includes a control mechanism (2) and a monitoring mechanism (3). The control mechanism (2) is disposed in the valve cavity (1) and is used for intelligent control and cleaning of the valve. The control mechanism (2) includes a control shaft (21), the upper end of which is rotatably mounted in the control unit (12), and a control disc (25) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the control shaft (21). Water outlet grooves (26) are symmetrically opened on the control disc (25). The outer surface of the control disc (25) is rotatably connected to the valve cavity (1). A water blocking block (27) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower surface of the valve chamber (1). The water blocking block (27) is used to block the water outlet of the water outlet tank (26). A flow guide (24) is fixedly installed above the control plate (25) in the valve chamber (1). The middle part of the flow guide (24) is rotatably installed on the outer surface of the control shaft (21). A turbine (23) is rotatably installed above the flow guide (24) on the outer surface of the control shaft (21). The volute surface of the turbine (23) is perpendicular to the water outlet hole at the upper end of the turbine (23). The control mechanism (2) also includes an annular internal toothed filter disc (41), which is slidably installed in the multifunctional cavity (13). A sealing cover (43) is fitted on the outer side of the annular internal toothed filter disc (41) near the multifunctional cavity (13). The sealing cover (43) is fixedly installed on the multifunctional cavity (13). A filter screen (42) is provided on the upper surface of the annular internal toothed filter disc (41). The two ends of the filter screen (42) are slidably installed on the isolation plate (22) and the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity (13), respectively. A drive shaft is rotatably installed on the lower surface of the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity (13) near the filter screen (42). 45), a rotating tooth (44) is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer surface of the drive shaft (45), and the tooth surface of the rotating tooth (44) meshes with the annular internal tooth filter disc (41); symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity 13 near the lower surface of the annular internal tooth filter disc 41 are inclined scrapers. The turbine (23) starts to rotate when the water flow speed is ≥0.5m / s, with a rotation speed of 50-80r / min, driving the annular internal tooth filter disc (41) to rotate at a speed of 5-10r / min, thereby realizing the dynamic removal of impurities on the surface of the filter screen (42). The filter screen aperture is 100-200 mesh, and the filter screen flux recovery rate after cleaning is ≥90%. The monitoring mechanism (3) is installed in the multifunctional cavity (13), and the monitoring mechanism (3) is used for buffering and collecting dirt in the inner cavity of the valve cavity (1); The monitoring mechanism (3) includes a buffer sludge collection plate (31). The outer surface of the buffer sludge collection plate (31) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the multifunctional cavity (13). A sliding shaft (32) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the middle part of the buffer sludge collection plate (31). The outer surface of the sliding shaft (32) away from the buffer sludge collection plate (31) is slidably installed on the bottom of the multifunctional cavity (13). A tension spring (33) is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding shaft (32) near the multifunctional cavity (13). The elastic coefficient of the tension spring (33) is 50-80 N / m, the free length is 80-120 mm, and the maximum tension is 50-80 mm. When the water pressure inside the multifunctional cavity (13) is ≥0.2 MPa, the buffer sludge collection plate (31) slides downward against the spring tension. The sliding distance is ≥5 cm, triggering the pressure sensor preset at the bottom of the buffer sludge collection plate (31). The range is 0-0.5 MPa and the accuracy is ±0.01 MPa. One end of the tension spring (33) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the multifunctional cavity (13), and the other end of the tension spring (33) is fixedly installed on the sliding shaft (32). The multifunctional cavity (13) has a drain groove on the inner wall below the buffer dirt collection plate (31), and a square slider (35) is slidably installed in the drain groove. A dirt-blocking threaded disc (34) is rotatably installed in the middle of the square slider (35), and the outer surface of the dirt-blocking threaded disc (34) is threaded on the multifunctional cavity (13).

2. The integrated equipment for precise salt control irrigation and drainage in saline-alkali land with multiple water sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission belt (46) is installed on the outer surface of the drive shaft (45) near the lower part of the rotating gear (44). A water quality monitoring device (47) is symmetrically fixed on the multifunctional cavity (13) near the upper part of the isolation plate (22). The water quality monitoring device (47) is used for water quality monitoring and early warning.

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