Surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method and device applied to drilling process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock deformation monitoring, in particular to a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method and device applied to the drilling process, and the method comprises the steps: determining a target monitoring point from all monitoring points based on the abnormal condition of the deformation speed detected by all the monitoring points in a drilling hole at the same moment; according to the number of the target monitoring points at each moment and the correlation between the detected deformation speeds of the target monitoring points, determining the deformation abnormity synchronism of all the target monitoring points at each moment, and combining the abnormal condition of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at each moment. The influence degree of the drilling machine vibration on the surrounding rock deformation amount of each monitoring point at each moment is obtained, so that the deformation speed is reversely adjusted and detected, the updated surrounding rock deformation speed after the vibration influence is eliminated is obtained, and the accuracy and reliability of obtaining the surrounding rock deformation speed are improved. The accuracy and reliability of continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surrounding rock deformation monitoring, and particularly relates to a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method and device applied to a drilling process. BACKGROUND

[0002] In underground engineering, such as coal mine shafts, tunnels, and the like, the surrounding rock (such as rock strata, soil layers) in a drilling area is prone to sudden hole diameter shrinkage, strain sudden increase, local collapse, and the like after being disturbed by excavation, and thus, monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling is crucial. In the prior art, during continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling, the deformation speed of the surrounding rock at a monitoring point in the drilling is generally obtained, and the deformation speed change trend is used to quantify abnormal deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to achieve continuous monitoring of the surrounding rock deformation. However, in an actual drilling scenario, the rotation vibration signal of the drilling machine will interfere with the actual deformation signal, that is, the accurate acquisition of the deformation speed of the surrounding rock will be interfered with, resulting in a large error between the detected deformation speed of the surrounding rock and the actual deformation speed, and thus, the accuracy of the surrounding rock deformation monitoring is reduced. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem of low accuracy of the prior art surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method during drilling, the purpose of the present application is to provide a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method and device applied to a drilling process, and the technical solution adopted is as follows: In a first aspect of the present application, a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied to a drilling process is provided, comprising: determining a target monitoring point from the monitoring points based on abnormal conditions of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point in the drilling at the same time; determining deformation abnormality synchronism for all target monitoring points at each time according to the number of target monitoring points at each time and the correlation between the detected deformation speeds of the target monitoring points; obtaining the degree of influence of drilling vibration on the deformation amount of each monitoring point at each time from the deformation abnormality synchronism and the abnormal conditions of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at each time; reversely adjusting the detected deformation speed according to the degree of influence to obtain an updated deformation speed, and the updated deformation speed is used to indicate continuous monitoring of the surrounding rock deformation.

[0004] In an exemplary embodiment, after the updated deformation speed is obtained, the surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied to the drilling process further comprises: obtaining the deformation instability feature of each monitoring point at each time from the abnormal conditions of the updated deformation speed of each monitoring point at each time and the speed change degree; obtaining a surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time point according to the distribution of the instability monitoring points in the borehole at each time point and the deformation instability feature; the instability monitoring points are obtained from the deformation instability feature; obtaining a surrounding rock deformation danger degree according to the number growth of the instability monitoring points at each time point and the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time point.

[0005] In an exemplary embodiment, the obtaining process of the deformation instability feature comprises: determining a second speed difference of the monitoring points at each time point in a reference period of a target time point, and updating a speed change degree of the deformation speed; the second speed difference is a speed difference between the updated deformation speed at each time point and a second preset reference deformation speed; the target time point is any time point; fusing the second speed difference of the monitoring points at each time point in the reference period of the target time point and the speed change degree of the updated deformation speed to obtain a deformation instability feature of the monitoring points at the target time point; the deformation instability feature is positively correlated with the second speed difference and the speed change degree.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment, the monitoring points with the deformation instability feature at the target time point greater than or equal to a preset deformation instability threshold are determined as the instability monitoring points at the target time point.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the obtaining process of the surrounding rock deformation risk index comprises: obtaining an instability region at a target time point, the instability region being composed of adjacent instability monitoring points; fusing a maximum value of the deformation instability feature of each instability region, the number of the instability monitoring points contained in the maximum value, and the depth in the borehole to obtain a surrounding rock deformation risk index at the target time point; the surrounding rock deformation risk index is positively correlated with the maximum value of the deformation instability feature, the number of the instability monitoring points and the depth.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the obtaining process of the surrounding rock deformation danger degree at a current time point comprises: fusing the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time point in a reference period of a current time point and the number growth of the instability monitoring points to obtain a surrounding rock deformation danger degree at the current time point; the surrounding rock deformation danger degree is positively correlated with the index change degree and the number growth.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the obtaining process of the target monitoring point comprises: Determine the first speed difference of the detection deformation speed of each monitoring point at the target moment and the first preset reference deformation speed, determine the monitoring point whose first speed difference at the target moment is greater than or equal to the preset speed difference threshold as the target monitoring point at the target moment; the target moment is any moment.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the deformation anomaly synchronization acquisition process comprises: Obtain the deviation of the first speed difference of any two target monitoring points at the target moment; Fuse the deviation of all the any two target monitoring points at the target moment, and combine the number of target monitoring points at the target moment to obtain the deformation anomaly synchronization at the target moment; the deformation anomaly synchronization is inversely related to the deviation and positively related to the number of target monitoring points.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the influence degree acquisition process comprises: According to the deformation anomaly synchronization at each moment and the first speed difference of each monitoring point at each moment, obtain the influence degree of each monitoring point at each moment; the influence degree is positively related to the deformation anomaly synchronization and the first speed difference.

[0012] In the second aspect of the present application, a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring device applied in a drilling process is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is connected with the processor; the memory is used for storing program instructions; the processor is used for realizing the above-mentioned surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied in the drilling process when the program instructions are executed.

[0013] The present application has the following beneficial effects: since the vibration caused by the contact between the drill rod and the surrounding rock in the drilling process is inconsistent with the influence of the normal deformation of the surrounding rock on the deformation speed of the surrounding rock, the detection deformation speed of each monitoring point at each moment is analyzed, so as to obtain the influence degree of the drilling vibration on the surrounding rock deformation at each moment of each monitoring point, and the higher the influence degree, the more serious the influence of the vibration on the surrounding rock deformation. Therefore, the detection deformation speed of each monitoring point at each moment is adjusted, so as to obtain the surrounding rock deformation speed after eliminating the influence of vibration, improve the accuracy and reliability of the surrounding rock deformation speed acquisition, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the continuous monitoring of the surrounding rock deformation when the surrounding rock deformation is continuously monitored. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied in a drilling process provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a deformation anomaly synchronization acquisition flowchart provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a step flowchart further included in a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied in a drilling process provided by one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a deformation instability feature acquisition flowchart provided by one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a surrounding rock deformation risk index acquisition flowchart provided by one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present application to achieve the predetermined inventive objectives, the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects of the present application are described in detail below in combination with the drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, the specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0016] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The data information collected in the present application is obtained with the full authorization.

[0017] In drilling construction, surrounding rock instability is the most typical safety hazard. If the surrounding rock appears severe deformation due to stress release and structure damage but is not discovered in time, it may directly lead to hole collapse (rock collapse around the hole blocks the hole), water and mud gushing (surrounding rock cracks are connected to underground water, and high-pressure water suddenly gushes into the construction area), and even causes larger range of surrounding rock collapse, threatening the safety of construction personnel and the integrity of drilling rigs and supporting equipment. The surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied in the drilling process provided by the present embodiment can realize continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation. Drilling construction is a dynamic process, the drill will continue to drill deeper, and the surrounding rock deformation will also change dynamically with the increase of depth and time. In order to discover the deformation trend in time, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of the monitoring data and avoid the problem of lagging monitoring data caused by construction advancement.

[0018] In the present embodiment, a monitoring point is arranged every preset length along the drilling depth, such as one monitoring point every 1 meter, so that multiple monitoring points are arranged in the drilling. Different monitoring points have different depths in the drilling. The present embodiment uses a fiber grating sensor to detect the deformation amount of the surrounding rock at each monitoring point. The fiber grating sensor is installed on the drilling wall and is lowered into the drilling synchronously with the drill rod, avoiding the data fault caused by lowering the fiber grating sensor after the drilling is completed. Thus, the time series data of the deformation amount of each monitoring point is obtained, wherein the deformation amount at each time is the cumulative deformation amount since the initial time.

[0019] The sensing principle of the fiber grating sensor is that when a wide spectrum light (containing light of multiple wavelengths) is transmitted from the optical fiber and passes through the fiber grating, the light of a specific wavelength (i.e. the Bragg wavelength) satisfying the Bragg condition is reflected back by the fiber grating, and the light of other wavelengths is almost transmitted without loss. The deformation of the surrounding rock of the borehole usually causes the bending or dislocation of the borehole, and the bending causes the fiber grating sensor buried therein to be stretched or compressed, thereby causing the Bragg wavelength to change. The amount of change of the Bragg wavelength can be obtained through the demodulator, and the deformation amount of the surrounding rock can be converted.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the sampling frequency of the surrounding rock deformation amount of the fiber grating sensor is set according to actual needs. In this embodiment, 1 sampling is collected every 10 seconds.

[0021] As shown in Figure 1 The surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method applied in the drilling process provided by the embodiment includes the following steps: Step S1: determining a target monitoring point from the monitoring points based on the abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point in the borehole at the same time; Step S2: determining the deformation abnormality synchronism of all target monitoring points at each time according to the number of target monitoring points at each time and the correlation between the detected deformation speeds of the target monitoring points; Step S3: obtaining the influence degree of the drilling rig vibration on the surrounding rock deformation amount of each monitoring point at each time from the deformation abnormality synchronism and the abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at each time; Step S4: obtaining an updated deformation speed by inversely adjusting the detected deformation speed according to the influence degree.

[0022] Each step will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Step S1: determining a target monitoring point from the monitoring points based on the abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point in the borehole at the same time;

[0024] In the drilling process, the contact and collision between the drill rod and the surrounding rock will cause vibration. The operation of the drilling rig, the impact or collision of the drill bit, etc. can cause the surrounding rock to have a transient and slight displacement in a local area. This displacement is not caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock itself, but by the vibration of the equipment. The influence of vibration on deformation has the characteristic of instantaneity, for example, when the drill bit collides with the rock wall, it will cause the surrounding rock deformation amount at a certain time to suddenly increase, and the next time it may quickly recover or fluctuate greatly. Therefore, by analyzing the deformation speed of each monitoring point at each time in a short period of time, it can be determined whether it is affected by the vibration of the drilling rig.

[0025] Taking the current time as an example, a reference period of the current time is determined, wherein the end time of the reference period is the current time, and the length of the reference period (i.e., the number of time points contained) is set by actual needs. In this embodiment, it is taken as an example that the reference period contains 60 time points. It should be understood that each time point has its corresponding reference period. Setting any time point in the reference period of the current time as a target time point, then the reference period of the target time point can be obtained by using the obtaining method of the reference period of the current time. In addition, in order to facilitate the description, any monitoring point is set as a candidate monitoring point.

[0026] According to the above process, the deformation amount of the surrounding rock of the candidate monitoring point at each time point in the reference period of the current time is obtained, and the deformation amount time sequence data of the surrounding rock is obtained. It should be understood that the deformation amount of the surrounding rock gradually increases with time, and in special cases, some time points remain unchanged, but overall, the change trend of the deformation amount of the surrounding rock is an increasing trend. Therefore, for the deformation amount time sequence data of the surrounding rock, the difference between the deformation amount of the surrounding rock at the latter time point and the deformation amount of the surrounding rock at the former time point in the adjacent two time points is calculated, and the difference is taken as the deformation speed of the surrounding rock at the latter time point, so as to obtain the deformation speed at each time point. Since the obtained deformation speed is based on the detection of the fiber grating sensor, the obtained deformation speed is defined as the detection deformation speed. Thus, the detection deformation speed sequence of the surrounding rock of the candidate monitoring point in the reference period of the current time is obtained, including the detection deformation speed at each time point. Further, the detection deformation speed sequence of the surrounding rock of each monitoring point in the reference period of the current time is obtained.

[0027] Since there is vibration influence in the surrounding rock deformation detection process, the deformation amount and the detection deformation speed measured by the drilling machine at the target time point cannot completely represent the actual state of the surrounding rock, and are mixed with the disturbance in the drilling process, which makes the detection deformation speed data at the target time point not completely reliable and unable to accurately reflect the real deformation of the surrounding rock. Drilling machine vibration usually causes significant changes in deformation amount in a short time. Such changes often manifest as a sudden increase or fluctuation in the detection deformation speed in an instant, and such fluctuations are short and discontinuous, and greatly differ from the actual deformation state of the surrounding rock. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these instantaneous errors caused by vibration to ensure the accuracy of the surrounding rock deformation monitoring data.

[0028] According to the abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at the target moment, a target monitoring point for the target moment is determined from the monitoring points. In an exemplary embodiment, a first speed difference between the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment and a first preset reference deformation speed is determined. The first preset reference deformation speed is used as a normal deformation speed for comparison. The greater the difference between the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment and the first preset reference deformation speed, the more abnormal the detected deformation speed, and the greater the first speed difference of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment. The first preset reference deformation speed can be obtained by human experience or can be obtained in the following manner: the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at each moment within a reference period of the target moment is obtained, the mode value is obtained, and the mode value reflects the concentration trend of the detected deformation speed change at most moments within the reference period of the target moment. The mode value is taken as the first preset reference deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment. When the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment is greater than or equal to the first preset reference deformation speed, the difference between the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment and the first preset reference deformation speed is calculated, and the difference is taken as the first speed difference of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment. When the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment is less than the first preset reference deformation speed, it indicates that the detected deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment is small, the deformation amount at the target moment is small, and the deformation amplitude is relatively safe, and the first speed difference of the candidate monitoring point at the target moment is set to 0.

[0029] By using the above process, the first speed difference of each monitoring point at the target moment is obtained. The greater the first speed difference, the more the detected deformation speed of the monitoring point at the target moment deviates from the normal deformation speed. In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the first speed difference to the first preset reference deformation speed is calculated as the abnormal change rate corresponding to the first speed difference. In this embodiment, a speed difference threshold is preset to determine whether the abnormal change rate corresponding to the obtained first speed difference is large. The specific value of the preset speed difference threshold is set according to actual judgment needs. If a relatively safe judgment logic is required, the preset speed difference threshold can be set to be relatively small, such as 0.5. The abnormal change rates corresponding to the first speed differences of the monitoring points at the target moment are compared with the preset speed difference threshold to determine the abnormal change rates corresponding to the first speed differences greater than or equal to the preset speed difference threshold. The monitoring point whose first speed difference at the target moment is greater than or equal to the preset speed difference threshold is determined as the target monitoring point at the target moment. Thus, the target monitoring point at each moment within the reference period of the current moment is obtained.

[0030] Step S2: Determine the deformation abnormality synchronism of all target monitoring points at each time according to the number of target monitoring points at each time and the correlation between the detection deformation speeds of the target monitoring points.

[0031] When the drilling machine starts and the drill bit impacts hard rock, the drilling machine vibration is a whole disturbance transmitted along the drill pipe, which can cause the deformation of all monitoring points to be abnormal synchronously. The real surrounding rock deformation is affected by the difference in stress distribution in the hole depth direction, and the deformation of different monitoring points has difference, for example, the stress of the surrounding rock in the middle of the hole is large, and the deformation rate is fast; the stress at the hole is small, and the deformation rate is slow. Therefore, by comparing the deformation data of multiple monitoring points, the influence of vibration on each monitoring point can be further verified. Therefore, according to the number of target monitoring points at each time and the correlation between the detection deformation speeds of the target monitoring points, the deformation abnormality synchronism of all target monitoring points at each time is determined. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, a specific acquisition process of the deformation abnormality synchronism is given as follows: Figure 2 Step S21: Obtain the deviation of the first speed difference of any two target monitoring points at the target time.

[0032] For a plurality of target monitoring points at the target time, the deviation of the first speed difference of any two target monitoring points at the target time is calculated. Based on the above analysis, the deviation here is the absolute value of the difference of the abnormal change rate of the first speed difference. The deviation of the first speed difference represents whether the abnormality of the detection deformation speeds of the two target monitoring points is consistent. The smaller the deviation of the first speed difference, the more consistent the abnormality of the detection deformation speeds of the two target monitoring points, and the more synchronous the deformation abnormality of the two target monitoring points at the target time, that is, the higher the deformation abnormality synchronism. Thus, the deviation of all possible any two target monitoring points at the target time is obtained.

[0033] Step S22: Fuse the deviations of all any two target monitoring points at the target time, and combine the number of target monitoring points at the target time to obtain the deformation abnormality synchronism at the target time.

[0034] The average value of the deviations of all possible any two target monitoring points at the target time is calculated. Then, the smaller the average value of the deviation, the higher the deformation abnormality synchronism, and the two are inversely related.

[0035] The more the number of target monitoring points at the target time, the more monitoring points have abnormal detection deformation speeds significantly deviating from the normal situation at the target time, and the higher the deformation abnormality synchronism at the target time, and the two are positively related.

[0036] ​Therefore, the average of the deviations of all possible pairs of target monitoring points at the target moment and the number of target monitoring points at the target moment are combined to obtain the deformation anomaly synchronism at the target moment. Based on the above logic, a specific calculation method is given as follows: ; wherein, represents the deformation anomaly synchronism at the i-th moment, represents the number of target monitoring points at the i-th moment, represents the total number of monitoring points, represents the proportion of the number of target monitoring points at the i-th moment, which is essentially the normalization of , represents the average of the deviations of the first speed differences of all possible pairs of target monitoring points at the i-th moment, and exp represents the exponential function with the natural constant as the base.

[0037] Step S3: Obtain the influence degree of the rock deformation at each monitoring point at each moment on the drilling machine vibration based on the deformation anomaly synchronism and the abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at each moment.

[0038] The deformation anomaly synchronism at each moment is obtained through step S2. When more monitoring points simultaneously appear abnormal and the abnormalities of different target monitoring points are more consistent, it indicates that the drilling machine will disturb and transmit to multiple areas inside the drilling hole during drilling, causing the monitoring points at different depths and different positions to be synchronously affected by vibration. At this time, the possibility of each monitoring point being disturbed by the drilling machine vibration at the moment is greater. Therefore, the influence degree of the rock deformation at each monitoring point at each moment on the drilling machine vibration is obtained according to the deformation anomaly synchronism at each moment and the abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at each moment. The abnormal situation of the detected deformation speed of each monitoring point at each moment is the first speed difference of each monitoring point at each moment.

[0039] Correspondingly, the influence degree of the rock deformation at each monitoring point at each moment on the drilling machine vibration is obtained according to the deformation anomaly synchronism at each moment and the first speed difference of each monitoring point at each moment. The greater the deformation anomaly synchronism, the higher the influence degree of the rock deformation at each monitoring point at the corresponding moment on the drilling machine vibration, and the two are positively correlated. The greater the first speed difference of each monitoring point at each moment, the higher the influence degree of the rock deformation at each monitoring point at each moment on the drilling machine vibration, and the two are positively correlated. Based on the above logic, a specific calculation method of the influence degree is given as follows: ; wherein, represents the influence degree of the rock deformation at the c-th monitoring point at the i-th moment on the drilling machine vibration, represents the abnormal change rate of the first speed difference of the cth monitoring point at the ith time, norm represents a normalization function, such as a tanh function.

[0040] Step S4: adjust the detected deformation speed by the influence degree in reverse to obtain an updated deformation speed.

[0041] The greater the first speed difference of the candidate monitoring point at the target time is, the greater the difference from the normal deformation speed is, and the greater the deformation abnormality synchronism at the target time is, the higher the influence degree of the candidate monitoring point at the target time by the drilling vibration interference is, which indicates that a strong vibration source appears in the drilling process, causing the vibration to spread to the surrounding rock and causing the deformation data of more monitoring points to change significantly. The greater the influence degree is, the greater the amplitude of the adjustment of the detected deformation speed is, and the greater the influence degree is, the smaller the adjusted deformation speed is, which is the updated deformation speed. In an exemplary embodiment, an adjustment method is given as follows: wherein, represents the updated deformation speed of the cth monitoring point at the ith time, represents the detected deformation speed of the cth monitoring point at the ith time.

[0042] At this point, the updated deformation speed of each monitoring point at each time in the reference period at the current time is obtained, and the surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring can be performed according to the updated deformation speed. The above steps obtain deformation data that can accurately reflect the true deformation of the surrounding rock. Since the stability of the surrounding rock is crucial during the drilling operation, further analysis of the stability of the surrounding rock is required to avoid dangerous accidents such as collapse of the surrounding rock during the drilling process.

[0043] The surrounding rock instability does not occur suddenly, but in a gradual process of deformation acceleration-instability, for example, in soft rock stratum, the deformation speed of the surrounding rock gradually increases from 0.2 mm / h to more than 1.0 mm / h, and finally leads to collapse. Therefore, by referring to the deformation speed trend characteristics in the reference period, this signal can be captured in advance.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 after obtaining the updated deformation speed, the surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method provided by the embodiment applied in the drilling process further includes the following steps: Step S5: obtain the deformation instability features of each monitoring point at each time according to the abnormal situation of the updated deformation speed of each monitoring point at each time and the speed change degree.

[0045] ​In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 A specific acquisition process of the deformation instability feature is given as follows: Step S51: determine the second speed difference of each time in the reference period of the target time of the monitoring point, and update the speed variation degree of the deformation speed.

[0046] The second speed difference of each time in the reference period of the target time of the candidate monitoring point is acquired in the same way as the first speed difference above, and the second speed difference is the speed difference between the updated deformation speed at each time and the second preset reference deformation speed. The second preset reference deformation speed can be obtained by human experience or can be obtained in the following way: obtaining the mode of the updated deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at each time in the reference period of the target time, and taking the mode as the second preset reference deformation speed of the candidate monitoring point at the target time. When the updated deformation speed at a certain time is greater than or equal to the second preset reference deformation speed, the difference between the updated deformation speed at the time and the second preset reference deformation speed is calculated, and the difference is taken as the second speed difference at the time; when the updated deformation speed at the time is less than the second preset reference deformation speed, the second speed difference at the time is set to 0. It should be understood that the greater the second speed difference, the greater the difference between the updated deformation speed and the normal deformation speed, the faster the degree and rate of development to the instability state, and therefore the greater the deformation instability feature, so the deformation instability feature is positively correlated with the second speed difference.

[0047] The updated deformation speed of each time in the reference period of the target time of the candidate monitoring point is curve-fitted to obtain a fitting curve. Then the tangent slope of the updated deformation speed at each time in the fitting straight line is obtained, and the tangent slope is taken as the speed variation degree of the updated deformation speed. It should be understood that the tangent slope can be positive, 0 or negative, positive indicating that the updated deformation speed at the corresponding time is in a state of increasing speed, negative indicating that the updated deformation speed at the corresponding time is in a state of decreasing speed, and 0 indicating that the updated deformation speed at the corresponding time is in a state of stable speed. Regardless of the tangent slope being positive, 0 or negative, it satisfies that the greater the tangent slope, the greater the speed variation of the updated deformation speed at the corresponding time, i.e. the greater the speed variation degree. The greater the tangent slope, the more obvious the speed increase of the updated deformation speed, the faster the degree and rate of development of the surrounding rock to the instability state, and therefore the greater the deformation instability feature, so the deformation instability feature is positively correlated with the speed variation degree of the updated deformation speed.

[0048] Step S52: fuse the second speed difference of each time in the reference period of the target time of the monitoring point and the speed variation degree of the updated deformation speed to obtain the deformation instability feature of the monitoring point at the target time.

[0049] Firstly, the maximum and minimum values of the speed variation degree (i.e. tangent slope) of the updated deformation speed of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the candidate monitoring point are obtained, and the tangent slope of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the candidate monitoring point is normalized by using the maximum and minimum value normalization method. Then, the sum value of the tangent slope of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the normalized candidate monitoring point is calculated, and finally the ratio of the tangent slope of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the normalized candidate monitoring point to the sum value is calculated, and the result is the importance weight of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the candidate monitoring point. By using the above method, the sum of the importance weights of all time points in the reference period of the target time point of the candidate monitoring point is 1.

[0050] The second speed difference of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the candidate monitoring point is normalized (for example, normalized by using a tanh function), and then the weighted sum of the second speed difference of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the normalized candidate monitoring point is calculated according to the importance weight of each time point in the reference period of the target time point of the candidate monitoring point, and the result is the deformation instability feature of the candidate monitoring point at the target time point. The greater the difference between the updated deformation speed and the normal deformation speed, the stronger the trend of the updated deformation speed, the faster the rate of development towards the instability state, and the more attention is needed. By using the above process, the deformation instability feature of each monitoring point at each time point is obtained.

[0051] Step S6: Obtain the surrounding rock deformation risk index of each time point from the distribution of the instability monitoring point in the borehole and the deformation instability feature of each time point.

[0052] Step S5 obtains the deformation instability feature of each monitoring point at each time point. Since the surrounding rock risk has the characteristic of spatial correlation along the axis of the borehole during the drilling process, i.e. the surrounding rock instability is rarely a problem of isolated single monitoring point, but more a continuous anomaly in a certain axial range, for example, a weak rock layer section or a stress concentration section through which the borehole passes, multiple adjacent monitoring points may simultaneously lose stability. Therefore, the spatial continuity of the deformation instability feature of each monitoring point also needs to be analyzed in this step.

[0053] First, the instability monitoring points are obtained according to the deformation instability characteristics. In an exemplary embodiment, a preset deformation instability threshold is used to determine whether the deformation instability characteristics of each monitoring point are large, and the value of the preset deformation instability threshold ranges from 0 to 1, and the specific value is set according to actual needs. For example, if a relatively safe judgment logic is needed, the preset deformation instability threshold can be set to be relatively small, such as 0.6. For the target time, the deformation instability characteristics of each monitoring point at the target time are compared with the preset deformation instability threshold to obtain the monitoring points greater than or equal to the preset deformation instability threshold. The monitoring points greater than or equal to the preset deformation instability threshold at the target time are taken as the instability monitoring points at the target time.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a specific acquisition process of the surrounding rock deformation risk index is as follows: Figure 5 Step S61: Obtain the instability region at the target time.

[0055] For the target time, along the direction from top to bottom of the borehole axis, that is, taking the borehole opening as the starting point, the continuous adjacent instability monitoring points are taken to form an instability region, thereby obtaining a plurality of instability regions at the target time. It should be understood that for an isolated instability monitoring point, that is, there is no other instability monitoring point adjacent thereto, it is determined as noise and is not taken as a separate instability region.

[0056] Step S62: Fuse the maximum value of the deformation instability characteristics of each instability region, the number of instability monitoring points contained, and the depth in the borehole to obtain the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the target time.

[0057] For any instability region, since it includes a plurality of instability monitoring points, the maximum value of the deformation instability characteristics of each instability monitoring point contained is obtained as the maximum value of the deformation instability characteristics of the instability region. The greater the maximum value of the deformation instability characteristics, the greater the surrounding rock deformation risk of the instability region, and the greater the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the target time. The surrounding rock deformation risk index is positively correlated with the maximum value of the deformation instability characteristics.

[0058] The number of instability monitoring points contained in the instability region is obtained. The more the number of instability monitoring points contained, the wider the range of the surrounding rock deformation risk corresponding to the instability region, the greater the surrounding rock deformation risk of the instability region, and the greater the surrounding rock deformation risk index. The surrounding rock deformation risk index is positively correlated with the number of instability monitoring points contained.

[0059] ​The depth of the instability region in the borehole is obtained. The deeper the depth, the greater the overburden pressure borne by the instability region, and the more complex the supporting and reinforcing work in the deep region, and the greater the degree of harm. That is, the greater the risk of surrounding rock deformation, the greater the surrounding rock deformation risk index, and the surrounding rock deformation risk index is positively correlated with the depth of the instability region in the borehole. In an exemplary embodiment, the center point of the instability region in the borehole axis direction (i.e., the borehole depth direction) is obtained, the distance between the center point and the borehole mouth in the borehole axis direction is obtained, and the distance is taken as the depth of the instability region in the borehole.

[0060] According to the above logic, one way of calculating the surrounding rock deformation risk index is as follows: ; ; wherein, represents the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the i-th moment, represents the maximum value of the deformation instability feature of the q-th instability region at the i-th moment, and Q represents the number of instability regions at the i-th moment, represents the number of instability monitoring points included in the q-th instability region at the i-th moment, represents the depth of the q-th instability region in the borehole at the i-th moment, represents the risk weight of the deformation instability feature of the q-th instability region at the i-th moment, and The specific implementation of is as follows: the product of the number of instability monitoring points and the depth in the borehole corresponding to each instability region at the i-th moment is calculated, then the sum of the products corresponding to all instability regions at the i-th moment is calculated, and finally the ratio of to the sum of the products is calculated, and the result is so that the sum of the risk weights of each instability region at the i-th moment is 1.

[0061] It should be understood that the surrounding rock deformation during the drilling process will show the law of gradual accumulation → local instability → range spread. The more the number of instability monitoring points, the more the deterioration trend gradually expands in space, the instability range rapidly expands, and the deeper the depth of the instability region, the greater the overburden pressure borne, and the more complex the supporting and reinforcing work in the deep region, and the greater the degree of harm. In order to avoid further construction accidents, a greater risk weight needs to be configured.

[0062] Step S7: Obtain the degree of danger of surrounding rock deformation according to the number of instability monitoring points at each moment and the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each moment.

[0063] ​According to step S6, the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time is obtained, so that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the reference period of the current time is obtained, and arranged in time sequence to obtain the surrounding rock deformation risk index sequence corresponding to the current time. At the same time, the number of instability monitoring points at each time in the reference period of the current time is obtained.

[0064] The number of instability monitoring points at each time in the reference period of the current time is obtained, wherein for any two adjacent times in the reference period of the current time, the number of instability monitoring points of the latter time relative to the former time is obtained, that is, the difference between the number of instability monitoring points of the latter time and the number of instability monitoring points of the former time is calculated, and the difference is the number of growth. It should be understood that if the number of instability monitoring points of the latter time is less than or equal to the number of instability monitoring points of the former time, the number of growth is set to 0. Thus, the number of growth of instability monitoring points at each time in the reference period of the current time is obtained. In order to facilitate subsequent processing, the number of growth of instability monitoring points at each time in the reference period of the current time is normalized here, and the specific process is as follows: the sum of the number of growth of instability monitoring points of all times in the reference period of the current time is calculated to obtain the total number of growth, and then the ratio of the number of growth of instability monitoring points at each time in the reference period of the current time to the total number of growth is calculated as the weight coefficient of the number of instability monitoring points at each time in the reference period of the current time. The greater the number of growth of instability monitoring points at each time, the more extensive the range of instability monitoring points at the current time during the drilling process, the greater the weight given to the calculation of the surrounding rock deformation risk degree at the current time, and the greater the surrounding rock deformation risk degree at the current time, which are positively correlated.

[0065] The index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the reference period of the current time is obtained. In an exemplary embodiment, a curve fitting is performed on the surrounding rock deformation risk index sequence corresponding to the current time to obtain a fitting curve. Then, the tangent slope of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the fitting straight line is obtained, and the tangent slope is taken as the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index. It should be understood that the tangent slope can be positive, 0 or negative. A positive value indicates that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time is in a state of increasing, a negative value indicates that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time is in a state of decreasing, and 0 indicates that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time is in a stable state. Regardless of whether the tangent slope is positive, 0 or negative, it satisfies that the greater the tangent slope, the greater the increasing amplitude of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time, that is, the greater the index change degree, the faster the deterioration speed of the surrounding rock deformation, and the greater the surrounding rock deformation danger degree at the current time, and thus the two are positively correlated. In the present embodiment, the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the reference period of the current time is normalized by using a sigmoid function to limit the tangent slope in the numerical range of 0-1, facilitating subsequent data processing.

[0066] The index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the reference period of the current time is obtained. In an exemplary embodiment, a curve fitting is performed on the surrounding rock deformation risk index sequence corresponding to the current time to obtain a fitting curve. Then, the tangent slope of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the fitting straight line is obtained, and the tangent slope is taken as the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index. It should be understood that the tangent slope can be positive, 0 or negative. A positive value indicates that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time is in a state of increasing, a negative value indicates that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time is in a state of decreasing, and 0 indicates that the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time is in a stable state. Regardless of whether the tangent slope is positive, 0 or negative, it satisfies that the greater the tangent slope, the greater the increasing amplitude of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the corresponding time, that is, the greater the index change degree, the faster the deterioration speed of the surrounding rock deformation, and the greater the surrounding rock deformation danger degree at the current time, and thus the two are positively correlated. In the present embodiment, the index change degree of the surrounding rock deformation risk index at each time in the reference period of the current time is normalized by using a sigmoid function to limit the tangent slope in the numerical range of 0-1, facilitating subsequent data processing.

[0067] Therefore, the faster the deterioration speed of the surrounding rock deformation at each time in the reference period of the current time, and the greater the number growth of the instability monitoring points at each time, indicate that the range of the instability monitoring points at the current time is wider and wider in the drilling process, and the chain reaction of the instability region is more serious, ultimately resulting in a greater surrounding rock deformation danger degree at the current time and a higher risk level.

[0068] Thus, the surrounding rock deformation danger degree at the current time is obtained, and real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock deformation danger degree in the drilling process, that is, continuous monitoring of the surrounding rock deformation in the drilling process, is achieved.

[0069] In subsequent actual applications, a danger degree threshold value can be preset, which is used to judge whether the obtained surrounding rock deformation danger degree is high. The numerical range of the preset danger degree threshold value is 0-1, and the specific value is set according to the actual judgment needs. If a safer early warning logic is needed, the preset danger degree threshold value can be set smaller, for example, set to 0.7. If the surrounding rock deformation danger degree at the current time is greater than or equal to the preset danger degree threshold value, it indicates that the multiple depth monitoring points are synchronously unstable, and the highest level of emergency response needs to be started, and it is determined that the surrounding rock deformation at the current time is high-risk, and a high-risk alarm signal is output, so that relevant safety measures can be taken immediately, such as immediate shutdown.

[0070] As other embodiments, two unequal size risk degree thresholds, such as 0.7 and 0.4, can be set to constitute three risk intervals, which are greater than or equal to 0.7, less than 0.7 and greater than or equal to 0.4, and less than 0.4, respectively. The risk interval in which the surrounding rock deformation risk degree at the current time is determined, and the corresponding risk alarm signal is output according to the risk interval, can be high-risk alarm signal, medium-risk alarm signal and low-risk alarm signal, respectively, so as to facilitate immediate adoption of relevant safety measures.

[0071] The embodiment also provides a surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring device applied to a drilling process, comprising a memory and a processor; the memory is connected with the processor, and is used for storing program instructions; the processor is used for implementing the steps in the above-mentioned surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method embodiment applied to the drilling process when the program instructions are executed.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps in the above-mentioned surrounding rock deformation continuous monitoring method embodiment applied to the drilling process.

[0073] It should be noted that the above-mentioned sequence of the embodiments of the present application is only for description, and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multi-task processing and parallel processing are also possible or can be advantageous.

[0074] Each of the embodiments in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling, characterized in that, include: Based on the abnormal deformation rate detected at each monitoring point in the borehole at the same time, the target monitoring point is determined from each monitoring point; Based on the number of target monitoring points at each time point and the correlation between the detected deformation rates of the target monitoring points, the synchronicity of deformation anomalies for all target monitoring points at each time point is determined. Based on the abnormal synchronicity of the deformation and the abnormality of the detected deformation rate at each monitoring point at each time, the degree of influence of drilling rig vibration on the surrounding rock deformation at each monitoring point at each time can be obtained. The detected deformation rate is adjusted in reverse based on the degree of influence to obtain an updated deformation rate, which is used to indicate continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation.

2. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After obtaining the updated deformation rate, the method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation applied during the drilling process further includes: The deformation instability characteristics of each monitoring point at each time point are obtained by analyzing the abnormalities and the degree of velocity change in the updated deformation rate at each monitoring point at each time point. The surrounding rock deformation risk index at each moment is obtained from the distribution of instability monitoring points in the borehole and the deformation instability characteristics; the instability monitoring points are obtained from the deformation instability characteristics. The degree of surrounding rock deformation hazard is obtained by analyzing the increase in the number of instability monitoring points at each time point and the degree of change in the surrounding rock deformation risk indicators at each time point.

3. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the deformation instability characteristics includes: The second velocity difference of the monitoring point at each time point within the reference period of the target time, and the degree of velocity change of the updated deformation velocity are determined; the second velocity difference is the velocity difference between the updated deformation velocity at each time point and the second preset benchmark deformation velocity; the target time is any time point. By integrating the second velocity difference and the velocity change of the updated deformation velocity at each time point within the reference period of the target time, the deformation instability characteristics of the monitoring point at the target time are obtained; the deformation instability characteristics are positively correlated with the second velocity difference and the velocity change.

4. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring points whose deformation and instability characteristics at the target time are greater than or equal to the preset deformation and instability threshold are determined as the instability monitoring points at the target time.

5. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the surrounding rock deformation risk index includes: Obtain the unstable region at the target time, wherein the unstable region is composed of adjacent unstable monitoring points; By integrating the maximum value of deformation and instability characteristics of each unstable region, the number of instability monitoring points included, and the depth in the borehole, the surrounding rock deformation risk index at the target time is obtained; the surrounding rock deformation risk index is positively correlated with the maximum value of deformation and instability characteristics, the number of instability monitoring points, and the depth.

6. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the current level of surrounding rock deformation risk includes: By integrating the degree of change of the surrounding rock deformation risk indicators at each time point within the reference period and the increase in the number of instability monitoring points, the degree of surrounding rock deformation risk at the current time is obtained; the degree of surrounding rock deformation risk is positively correlated with both the degree of change of the indicators and the increase in the number of monitoring points.

7. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring the target monitoring point includes: The first velocity difference between the detected deformation velocity of each monitoring point at the target time and the first preset benchmark deformation velocity is determined, and the monitoring points whose first velocity difference at the target time is greater than or equal to the preset velocity difference threshold are determined as the target monitoring points at the target time; the target time is any time.

8. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the abnormal synchronization of the deformation includes: Obtain the deviation of the first velocity difference between any two target monitoring points at the target time; By integrating the deviations of all two target monitoring points at the target time and combining them with the number of target monitoring points at the target time, the deformation anomaly synchronicity at the target time is obtained; the deformation anomaly synchronicity is inversely correlated with the deviation and positively correlated with the number of target monitoring points.

9. The method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation during drilling as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the degree of influence includes: Based on the abnormal synchronization of deformation at each moment and the first velocity difference at each monitoring point at each moment, the degree of influence at each monitoring point at each moment is obtained; the degree of influence is positively correlated with both the abnormal synchronization of deformation and the first velocity difference.

10. A continuous monitoring device for surrounding rock deformation during drilling, characterized in that it comprises: Memory and processor; The memory is connected to the processor; The memory is used to store program instructions; The processor is configured to implement, when program instructions are executed, the method for continuous monitoring of surrounding rock deformation applied during the drilling process as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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