Surface blasting blast hole charging risk identification and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an open blasting blast hole charging risk identification and control method, which belongs to the field of open blasting engineering and comprises the steps of risk identification, operation environment evaluation, equipment and material inspection, personnel qualification examination, operation process analysis, blasting site safety and technical disclosure fine management and field personnel division fine management. The risk identification method is used for controlling the operation environment risk, the equipment and material risk, the personnel risk and the operation process risk; risk identification specific implementation, operation environment assessment implementation, equipment and material inspection implementation, personnel qualification examination implementation and operation process analysis implementation; and risk control is specifically implemented, specifically, the control implementation is implemented for operation environment risks, the control implementation is implemented for equipment and material risks, the control implementation is implemented for personnel risks, and the control implementation is implemented for operation process risks. The risk in the blast hole charging process can be comprehensively and accurately recognized, effective control measures are taken, the possibility of accidents is reduced, personnel safety is guaranteed, normal operation of equipment is guaranteed, and the environment is not polluted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of open-pit blasting engineering, and more specifically, to a method for risk identification and control of explosive loading in open-pit blasting boreholes. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit blasting operations, borehole loading is a crucial step, but this process is fraught with risks, such as blasting, explosive detonation, other explosions, flying debris, collapses, toxic gas leaks, and dust pollution. These risks can not only lead to casualties and equipment damage but also severely impact the surrounding environment. Currently, existing risk identification and control methods are often insufficiently comprehensive and precise, making it difficult to effectively address the complex and ever-changing open-pit blasting environment. Some methods focus on post-accident handling, failing to identify and control potential risks before and during loading, thus increasing the likelihood of accidents. Therefore, developing a comprehensive, accurate, and forward-looking method for risk identification and control in open-pit blasting borehole loading is of significant practical importance.

[0003] Therefore, a method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for risk identification and control of explosive loading in open-pit blasting holes, which can achieve the desired results.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A method for risk identification and control of explosive loading in open-pit blasting holes includes the following steps; Step 1: Risk Identification Steps S1 Operational Environment Assessment: Before loading explosives, a detailed survey of the terrain and structures in the blasting area is conducted. High-precision UAV remote sensing technology is used to acquire high-definition panoramic images of the blasting area, combined with 3D laser scanning technology to accurately draw topographic maps. Simultaneously, equipment such as ground-penetrating radar is used to detect underground geological structures. Detailed records are kept of key geological parameters such as lithological distribution, joint and fracture spacing and attitude, fault location, and fracture zone extent. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is used to systematically analyze the topography, geological structures, and distribution of surrounding structures. Simultaneously, based on the blasting scale and explosive properties, the blasting impact radius is delineated according to relevant standards. The location and protection level of residential areas, important facilities, and sensitive targets within the affected area are verified. Professional blasting vibration prediction software (such as the Sadovsky formula combined with on-site geological conditions correction) is used to assess the potential impact of blasting vibrations. Based on rock characteristics, explosive parameters, and terrain conditions, the threat range of blasting debris to surrounding targets is assessed using flyrock distance calculation formulas.

[0007] S2 Equipment and Material Inspection: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the loading equipment, such as the loading vehicle and delivery pipelines, to check for any damage. Inspect the quality and performance of explosives and detonators to ensure they meet national standards and blasting design requirements. Visually inspect the explosive packaging to ensure it is within the specified range.

[0008] S3 Personnel Qualification Review: Verify the qualifications of personnel involved in the loading operation, ensuring they possess the corresponding blasting operation qualification certificates, and that the certificates are valid. Simultaneously, check the physical condition of the personnel.

[0009] S4 Operational Procedure Analysis: Based on the blasting design plan, blasting operation manual, and related operating procedures, a detailed analysis of the charging operation process is conducted. From explosive transportation to borehole preparation, explosive loading, borehole plugging, and detonator connection, potential risks are identified at each stage. For example, during explosive loading and borehole plugging, improper operation may lead to explosive spillage (explosive spillage exceeding 2% of the single-hole charge is considered a risk) or borehole plugging (plugging length deviation exceeding ±5% of the design length is considered a risk). During detonator connection, static electricity (static potential exceeding 100V in the working environment is considered a risk) or misoperation may cause premature detonation. For different rock types (e.g., hard rock, medium-hard rock, soft rock) and blasting scales (small, medium, large), specific operational procedure risks are analyzed, such as the risk of flyrock due to concentrated explosive energy in hard rock blasting, and the risk of misfires due to complex detonator connections in large-scale blasting.

[0010] S5 blasting site safety and technical briefing management is refined: key information is clearly marked on the blasting design drawings, including borehole layout parameters (hole spacing, row spacing, hole depth, deviation not exceeding ±2% of the design value), charge structure (specific parameters such as continuous charge, interval charge, segmented charge, etc.), detonation sequence, and safety warning range. This ensures that construction personnel can intuitively and accurately obtain these important parameters before operations, avoiding operational errors due to unclear information. Simultaneously, dedicated technical briefing meetings are organized, where the blasting technical supervisor explains the design scheme and operational points in detail, and written records are created and signed by participating personnel for confirmation.

[0011] S6 On-site Personnel Division of Labor Detailed Management: A detailed on-site personnel division of labor table is developed to uniformly arrange on-site personnel, ensuring clear division of labor and accountability. The division of labor table includes key information such as time, location, blasting area number, on-site supervisor, drilling rig supervisor, and dedicated safety officer. The specific responsibilities of the technical team and the blasting team are clearly defined. Step Two: Risk Identification Methods S1 controls risks in the working environment: Protective barriers are set up for key protected objects within the blasting warning zone, and blasting parameters are dynamically adjusted to reduce the hazards of blasting vibration and flying rocks.

[0012] S2 controls risks related to equipment and materials: Regularly maintain and service the charging equipment, establish equipment files, and record equipment usage and maintenance. Before charging, conduct trial runs to ensure normal operation. Substandard blasting materials are returned and strictly prohibited from use. Simultaneously, strengthen the storage management of blasting materials, ensuring the storage environment meets requirements and preventing material deterioration.

[0013] S3 focuses on personnel risk control: Regularly organizing safety education and training courses and skills enhancement programs for workers to strengthen safety awareness and improve operational skills. At the work site, a dedicated safety officer is assigned to supervise the workers' actions and promptly stop and correct any violations. Simultaneously, necessary personal protective equipment is provided to personnel involved in blasting operations, and their correct wearing and use are ensured.

[0014] S4 addresses operational risk control by: developing a detailed loading operation manual that clearly defines the standardized requirements and precautions for each step; setting up clear operational signs at the loading site to guide personnel to follow the correct procedures; and employing information technology, such as installing a video surveillance system, to monitor the loading process in real time, enabling timely detection and handling of abnormal situations. Furthermore, an emergency response mechanism is established to ensure that in the event of an accident, the emergency plan can be quickly activated, and effective emergency measures can be taken to minimize losses.

[0015] Step 3: Specific Implementation of Risk Identification S1 Operational Environment Assessment Implementation: Prior to blasting operations [within a specific timeframe, such as one week], a professional team comprised of blasting engineers, geological engineers, and safety officers conducts a comprehensive on-site survey. This includes geological investigation, meticulously recording key geological parameters such as lithological distribution and joint development. Precise location of structures within a 300m radius is also conducted to provide data support for subsequent risk assessments and enable dynamic management of risk sources.

[0016] S2 Equipment and Material Inspection Implementation: Before loading explosives, professional equipment maintenance personnel conduct a comprehensive inspection of the loading vehicle and delivery pipeline equipment. This includes checking the power system, control system, and metering system of the loading vehicle for proper functioning, and inspecting the delivery pipeline for signs of wear or leakage. Explosives are sampled and tested for density, detonation velocity, and brute force. Detonators undergo a full inspection, testing their resistance value and delay time parameters.

[0017] S3 Personnel Qualification Review Implementation: Establish a special operations personnel ledger and update it regularly in real time. On the day of operation, the on-site supervisor (technical supervisor or full-time safety officer) observes the mental state of the workers, inquires about their physical condition, and then adjusts the workers' work assignments accordingly.

[0018] S4 Operational Procedure Analysis and Implementation: Blasting technicians, safety managers, and experienced operators were organized to conduct a detailed review of the charging operation process based on the blasting design plan and current blasting operating procedures. From explosive transportation to borehole preparation, explosive loading, borehole sealing, and detonator connection, potential risks were analyzed and recorded in a risk identification checklist. For example, improper operation during detonator connection could lead to short circuits or grounding, resulting in misfires.

[0019] Step 4: Specific Implementation of Risk Control S1 Operational Environment Assessment Implementation: One week prior to blasting operations, a professional team comprised of blasting engineers, geological engineers, and safety officers conducts a comprehensive on-site survey. This includes geological investigation, core sampling using a geological drilling rig, analysis of rock physical and mechanical properties, and detailed recording of key geological parameters such as lithological distribution and joint development (joint spacing accurate to 0.1m). Buildings and structures within a 300m radius are precisely located, and their coordinates and elevations are measured using a total station to provide data support for subsequent risk assessments. A dynamic risk source management system is established to update information on geological conditions and changes in the surrounding environment in real time, allowing for timely adjustments to risk assessment results and control measures based on these changes. S2 implements risk control measures for equipment and materials: Establish a regular maintenance system for explosive loading equipment. During trial runs before loading, record all performance indicators of the equipment. If any abnormalities are found, repair them promptly. For substandard explosive materials, return them to the supplier and keep records. Strengthen the management of explosive material storage warehouses, install temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the storage environment in real time, and perform ventilation and dehumidification operations when the temperature and humidity exceed the specified range.

[0020] S3 Implementation for Personnel Risk Control: Regularly organize safety training for workers. Establish safety supervision posts at the work site, staffed by experienced safety management personnel, to supervise workers' operational behavior throughout the entire process. Provide workers with personal protective equipment that meets national standards, and check their wearing before work begins.

[0021] S4 implements risk control measures for operational procedures: Develop detailed job operation manuals, including flowcharts, key operational points, risk warnings, and emergency response methods. Install operational signs at critical locations at the loading site, such as next to the loading vehicle and near the blast holes, visualizing the operational procedures and precautions. Install high-definition video surveillance cameras covering the entire loading area, transmitting real-time footage to the on-site control room. Immediately upon detecting any abnormalities, an alarm will be triggered and appropriate measures will be taken. Develop emergency plans and conduct regular emergency drills to improve emergency response capabilities.

[0022] Furthermore, a detailed investigation was conducted on the surrounding environment, distribution of structures, and geological conditions of the blasting area to determine whether there were any factors that might affect the safety of the blasting.

[0023] Furthermore, a comprehensive inspection of the loading equipment was conducted to check for its integrity and any leaks or blockages; the explosive packaging was visually inspected for damage or moisture; and the resistance value and delay time parameters of the detonators were tested using specialized instruments. The specific key information for the blasting operation is as follows: Technical Team: Responsible for filling out blasting construction records, ensuring that every key data point in the construction process is accurately recorded to provide a basis for subsequent analysis and summarization; collecting explosives materials, strictly following the prescribed procedures to ensure the safe transportation and storage of explosives; distributing charging lists on-site, promptly transmitting charging information to operators to ensure orderly charging operations; randomly checking hole depth and charging height to control the quality of key charging parameters; accompanying the loading process, supervising in real time to ensure that the charging operation complies with specifications; handling water-filled holes, taking special charging measures for water-filled holes to ensure charging effectiveness; supervising the filling quality to ensure that the filling operation meets design requirements and prevents explosive energy leakage; responsible for tasks such as hole charging, barcode scanning and data entry, network connection, ignition and detonation, and vehicle services, comprehensively ensuring the smooth progress of all aspects of blasting construction technology.

[0024] Blasting Team: Responsible for on-site security, demarcating safe zones, and preventing unauthorized personnel from entering dangerous areas; handling tool collection and retrieval, ensuring the integrity and timely supply of tools; maintaining blasting operation records, cross-checking them with the technical team's records to ensure data accuracy; conducting borehole preparation for loading explosives; distributing and collecting pyrotechnic materials, cooperating with the technical team to ensure their correct use; randomly checking borehole depth and loading height to further strengthen quality supervision; fabricating detonating charges, strictly adhering to operating procedures to ensure their quality; assisting with loading operations, ensuring smooth loading of explosives; loading explosives in water-filled holes, collaborating with the technical team to complete loading of special blast holes; assisting with blast hole loading and filling to improve operational efficiency; conducting borehole filling, mechanical blast hole filling, manual blast hole filling, and filling quality verification, comprehensively ensuring the safety and quality of blasting operations.

[0025] Furthermore, there are potential risks in the operational process. For example, during the loading of explosives and the filling of the borehole, improper operation may cause explosives to spill and block the borehole; during the connection of detonators, static electricity or misoperation may cause the detonators to detonate prematurely. Furthermore, the task assignment form includes the time, location, blasting area number, on-site supervisor, drilling rig supervisor, and full-time safety officer.

[0026] Furthermore, protective barriers, such as building retaining walls and setting up buffer zones, and adjusting blasting parameters, such as reducing the amount of explosive charge per stage and increasing the detonation delay, are implemented.

[0027] Furthermore, personal protective equipment, such as safety helmets, protective shoes, and anti-static clothing, are made and customized according to the job positions of blasting safety officers, blasters, warehouse managers, and blasting engineering technicians. Red armbands and safety helmets of different colors are made to distinguish the job nature of the on-site personnel. Furthermore, the storage conditions for explosive materials should ensure that the temperature and humidity meet the requirements, and that the storage warehouse has fire prevention, explosion prevention, and anti-theft facilities.

[0028] Furthermore, the risk identification list includes, for example, the risk of explosives spilling onto the ground during the explosives loading process, which, if not cleaned up in time, could lead to a fire or explosion.

[0029] Furthermore, comprehensive equipment maintenance should be carried out, including replacing vulnerable parts and cleaning the equipment interior; emergency plans should be developed, clearly defining the emergency organization, division of responsibilities, emergency response procedures, and emergency rescue measures. Emergency drills should be organized regularly, once every six months; training content should include blasting safety regulations, relevant laws and regulations, rules and regulations, process technology, operational skills, analysis of explosives-related cases, and emergency response.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: It can comprehensively and accurately identify risks during the loading process of blast holes, and take effective control measures to reduce the possibility of accidents, ensure personnel safety, normal equipment operation, and prevent environmental pollution.

[0031] Risk identification: Conduct a comprehensive investigation of risks in all aspects of explosive charging, including the working environment, equipment and materials, personnel qualifications, and operating procedures. Technical means: A combination of UAV remote sensing technology was used to acquire high-definition panoramic images of the blasting area. Video surveillance was used for real-time tracking and recording. Personnel Management: A detailed division of labor table was developed, clearly defining the responsibilities of the technical team and the blasting team. The technical team was responsible for construction records and plan optimization; the blasting team managed explosives and executed blasting operations, ensuring accountability was assigned to specific individuals. Risk control: Develop measures for different risks, such as setting up protective barriers for the working environment and establishing a maintenance and acceptance system for equipment and materials. Equipment and materials management: Establish equipment files and perform regular maintenance; strictly control the procurement, transportation, and storage of blasting materials. Personnel training and supervision: Regularly conduct safety education and skills training, set up safety supervision posts to check the wearing of protective equipment, and correct violations of regulations. Operational procedures: Compile operation manuals, set up indicator signs, and combine information-based monitoring and emergency mechanisms to ensure operational safety. Special case handling: For rock fracture zones and water holes, anchor bolt reinforcement and waterproof explosive loading measures are adopted.

[0032] Data recording and analysis: Dedicated personnel record construction data to provide a basis for optimizing work processes and risk control. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0035] Please see Figure 1 A method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging includes the following steps: Step 1: Risk Identification Steps S1 Operational Environment Assessment: Before loading explosives, a detailed survey of the terrain and structures in the blasting area is conducted. High-resolution panoramic images of the blasting area are acquired using UAV remote sensing technology, and combined with on-site surveys, the topography, geological structure, and distribution of surrounding structures are systematically analyzed. Simultaneously, the blasting impact radius is delineated, and the location and protection level of residential areas, important facilities, and sensitive targets within the area are verified. The potential impacts of blasting vibrations and flyrock are assessed.

[0036] S2 Equipment and Material Inspection: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the loading equipment, such as the loading vehicle and delivery pipelines, to check for any damage. Inspect the quality and performance of explosives and detonators to ensure they meet national standards and blasting design requirements. Visually inspect the explosive packaging to ensure it is within the specified range.

[0037] S3 Personnel Qualification Review: Verify the qualifications of personnel involved in the loading operation, ensuring they possess the corresponding blasting operation qualification certificates, and that the certificates are valid. Simultaneously, check the physical condition of the personnel.

[0038] S4 Operation Process Analysis: Based on the blasting design plan, blasting operation manual and related operating procedures, a detailed analysis of the charging operation process is conducted to identify the potential risks in each operation step.

[0039] S5 blasting site safety and technical briefing management: Key information is clearly marked on the blasting design drawings. This ensures that construction personnel can intuitively and accurately obtain these important parameters before operations, avoiding operational errors caused by unclear information.

[0040] S6 Detailed Management of On-Site Personnel Assignments: A detailed assignment sheet for on-site personnel is created to uniformly arrange personnel, ensuring clear division of labor and accountability. The assignment sheet includes specific key information regarding blasting operations.

[0041] Step Two: Risk Identification Methods S1 controls risks in the working environment: Protective barriers are set up for key protected objects within the blasting warning zone, and blasting parameters are dynamically adjusted to reduce the hazards of blasting vibration and flying rocks.

[0042] S2 controls risks related to equipment and materials: Regularly maintain and service the charging equipment, establish equipment files, and record equipment usage and maintenance. Before charging, conduct trial runs to ensure normal operation. Substandard blasting materials are returned and strictly prohibited from use. Simultaneously, strengthen the storage management of blasting materials, ensuring the storage environment meets requirements and preventing material deterioration.

[0043] S3 focuses on personnel risk control: Regularly organizing safety education and training courses and skills enhancement programs for workers to strengthen safety awareness and improve operational skills. At the work site, a dedicated safety officer is assigned to supervise the workers' actions and promptly stop and correct any violations. Simultaneously, necessary personal protective equipment is provided to personnel involved in blasting operations, and their correct wearing and use are ensured.

[0044] S4 addresses operational risk control by: developing a detailed loading operation manual that clearly defines the standardized requirements and precautions for each step; setting up clear operational signs at the loading site to guide personnel to follow the correct procedures; and employing information technology, such as installing a video surveillance system, to monitor the loading process in real time, enabling timely detection and handling of abnormal situations. Furthermore, an emergency response mechanism is established to ensure that in the event of an accident, the emergency plan can be quickly activated, and effective emergency measures can be taken to minimize losses.

[0045] Step 3: Specific Implementation of Risk Identification S1 Implementation for Risk Control in the Operating Environment: For areas with well-developed joints and fractures, the borehole network parameters will be appropriately adjusted. Based on the joint spacing and orientation, the borehole spacing can be reduced by 10%-20%, and the row spacing by 5%-10%. The blasting effect will be improved by adopting segmented charging to change the charging structure (e.g., increasing the number of segments, adjusting the proportion of charge in each segment), and changing the borehole plugging length (increasing it by 10%-20%). Simultaneously, mining equipment within 50 meters of the blasting zone will be moved or safely protected in advance, using steel plates or sandbags for protection with a thickness of not less than 0.5m. The detonation sequence will be adjusted, and the throwing direction will be changed to ensure that flying rocks stay away from equipment. All adjusted blasting parameters must be reviewed by the blasting technical supervisor and verified by network simulation before detonation. The simulation results should meet the safety and blasting effect requirements.

[0046] S2 Equipment and Material Inspection Implementation: Before loading explosives, professional equipment maintenance personnel conduct a comprehensive inspection of the loading vehicle and delivery pipeline equipment. This includes checking the power system, control system, and metering system of the loading vehicle for proper functioning, and inspecting the delivery pipeline for signs of wear or leakage. Explosives are sampled and tested for density, detonation velocity, and brute force. Detonators undergo a full inspection, testing their resistance value and delay time parameters.

[0047] S3 Personnel Qualification Review Implementation: Establish a special operations personnel ledger and update it regularly in real time. On the day of operation, the on-site supervisor (technical supervisor or full-time safety officer) observes the mental state of the workers, inquires about their physical condition, and then adjusts the workers' work assignments accordingly.

[0048] S4 Operational Procedure Analysis and Implementation: Blasting technicians, safety managers, and experienced operators were organized to conduct a detailed review of the charging operation process based on the blasting design plan and current blasting operating procedures. From explosive transportation to borehole preparation, explosive loading, borehole sealing, and detonator connection, potential risks were analyzed and recorded in a risk identification checklist. For example, improper operation during detonator connection could lead to short circuits or grounding, resulting in misfires.

[0049] Step 4: Specific Implementation of Risk Control S1 implements risk control measures for the operational environment: In areas with well-developed joints and fractures, the borehole network parameters are appropriately adjusted. Measures such as altering the charge structure through segmented charging and changing the borehole plugging length are used to improve blasting effectiveness. Simultaneously, mining equipment within 50 meters of the blasting zone is relocated or provided with safety cover in advance, and the detonation sequence and throwing direction are adjusted. All adjusted blasting parameters must be reviewed by the blasting technical supervisor and verified through network simulation before detonation.

[0050] S2 implements risk control measures for equipment and materials: Establish a regular maintenance system for explosives loading equipment, conducting comprehensive maintenance every 500 working hours or monthly, including replacing vulnerable parts, cleaning the equipment interior, and calibrating the metering system. During trial runs before loading, record all performance indicators of the equipment; if any abnormalities are found, repair them promptly. For substandard explosives, return them to the supplier and keep records. Strengthen the management of explosives storage warehouses, install temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the storage environment in real time, and perform ventilation and dehumidification operations when the temperature and humidity exceed the specified range. Establish a registration system for the entry and exit of explosives, recording detailed information such as the name, specifications, quantity, entry and exit time, and the person handling the materials.

[0051] S3 Implementation for Personnel Risk Control: Regularly organize safety training for workers. Establish safety supervision posts at the work site, staffed by experienced safety management personnel, to supervise workers' operational behavior throughout the entire process. Provide workers with personal protective equipment that meets national standards, and check their wearing status before work begins.

[0052] S4 implements risk control measures for operational procedures: Develop detailed job operation manuals, including flowcharts, key operational points, risk warnings, and emergency response methods. Install operational signs at critical locations at the loading site, such as next to the loading vehicle and near the blast holes, visualizing the operational procedures and precautions. Install high-definition video surveillance cameras covering the entire loading area, transmitting real-time footage to the on-site control room. Immediately upon detecting any abnormalities, an alarm will be triggered and appropriate measures will be taken. Develop emergency plans and conduct regular emergency drills to improve emergency response capabilities.

[0053] S5 Improves equipment and material management: Establish detailed equipment files, standardize the regular maintenance system for equipment, clarify the quantitative indicators and operating standards for equipment inspection, and strictly control all aspects of the procurement, transportation, and storage of blasting materials to ensure that equipment and materials are always in a safe and reliable state.

[0054] S6 Strengthen personnel training and supervision: Through regular comprehensive safety education and skills training, combined with practical operation assessments, effectively improve the safety awareness and operational skills of workers. Establish safety supervision posts to not only monitor workers' operational behavior but also create detailed supervision records, promptly correct and track rectification of violations, and ensure that workers correctly wear standard-compliant personal protective equipment.

[0055] S7 optimizes operating procedures: A comprehensive operating manual is compiled, covering operating procedure diagrams, key points, risk warnings, and emergency response methods. Visual operating signs are installed at key locations on site. Combined with information technology monitoring, the loading process is monitored in real time. A robust emergency response mechanism and regular emergency drills ensure comprehensive operational safety. S8 Special Case Handling: For special geological conditions such as fractured rock zones and water holes, and for blast hole conditions, targeted measures such as anchor bolt reinforcement and waterproof explosives are adopted to effectively deal with risks under complex working conditions.

[0056] S9 Data Recording and Analysis: Assign dedicated personnel to accurately record construction data. Through in-depth analysis of this data, summarize experiences and lessons learned, provide a strong basis for optimizing blasting operation procedures and risk control measures, and achieve good results in blasting operation process quality.

[0057] By adopting the above technical solutions, a detailed investigation was conducted on the surrounding environment, structure distribution, and geological conditions of the blasting area to determine whether there are any factors that may affect the safety of the blasting.

[0058] By adopting the above technical solution, a comprehensive inspection of the charging equipment was conducted to check whether the equipment was intact and whether there were any leaks or blockages; the explosive packaging was visually inspected for damage or moisture; and the resistance value and delay time parameters of the detonators were tested using professional instruments; the specific key information for the blasting operation is as follows: Technical Team: Responsible for filling out blasting construction records, ensuring that every key data point in the construction process is accurately recorded to provide a basis for subsequent analysis and summarization; collecting explosives materials, strictly following the prescribed procedures to ensure the safe transportation and storage of explosives; distributing charging lists on-site, promptly transmitting charging information to operators to ensure orderly charging operations; randomly checking hole depth and charging height to control the quality of key charging parameters; accompanying the loading process, supervising in real time to ensure that the charging operation complies with specifications; handling water-filled holes, taking special charging measures for water-filled holes to ensure charging effectiveness; supervising the filling quality to ensure that the filling operation meets design requirements and prevents explosive energy leakage; responsible for tasks such as hole charging, barcode scanning and data entry, network connection, ignition and detonation, and vehicle services, comprehensively ensuring the smooth progress of all aspects of blasting construction technology.

[0059] Blasting Team: Responsible for on-site security, demarcating safe zones, and preventing unauthorized personnel from entering dangerous areas; handling tool collection and retrieval, ensuring the integrity and timely supply of tools; maintaining blasting operation records, cross-checking them with the technical team's records to ensure data accuracy; conducting borehole preparation for loading explosives; distributing and collecting pyrotechnic materials, cooperating with the technical team to ensure their correct use; randomly checking borehole depth and loading height to further strengthen quality supervision; fabricating detonating charges, strictly adhering to operating procedures to ensure their quality; assisting with loading operations, ensuring smooth loading of explosives; loading explosives in water-filled holes, collaborating with the technical team to complete loading of special blast holes; assisting with blast hole loading and filling to improve operational efficiency; conducting borehole filling, mechanical blast hole filling, manual blast hole filling, and filling quality verification, comprehensively ensuring the safety and quality of blasting operations.

[0060] By adopting the above technical solutions, potential risks in the operation process can be mitigated. For example, during the loading of explosives and filling of the borehole, improper operation may cause explosives to spill and block the borehole; during the connection of detonators, static electricity or misoperation may cause premature detonation of the detonators. By adopting the above technical solution, the division of labor form includes time, location, blasting area number, on-site supervisor, drilling rig supervisor, and full-time safety officer.

[0061] By adopting the above technical solutions, protective barriers can be created, such as by building retaining walls and setting up buffer zones; blasting parameters can be adjusted, such as by reducing the amount of explosive charge per stage and increasing the detonation delay.

[0062] By adopting the above technical solutions, personal protective equipment, such as safety helmets, protective shoes, and anti-static clothing, are made and customized according to the job positions of blasting safety officers, blasters, warehouse managers, and blasting engineering technicians. Red armbands and safety helmets of different colors are made to distinguish the job nature of on-site personnel. By adopting the above technical solutions, the storage conditions for explosive materials are ensured to meet the requirements for temperature and humidity, and the storage warehouse is equipped with fire prevention, explosion prevention, and anti-theft facilities.

[0063] By adopting the above technical solutions, risks are identified in the risk identification list. For example, during the explosive loading process, there is a risk that explosives may spill onto the ground, and failure to clean them up in time could lead to a fire or explosion.

[0064] By adopting the above technical solutions, comprehensive maintenance of the equipment is carried out, including replacing vulnerable parts and cleaning the equipment interior; emergency plans are formulated, clearly defining the emergency organization, division of responsibilities, emergency response procedures, and emergency rescue measures. Emergency drills are organized regularly, once every six months; training content includes blasting safety regulations, relevant laws and regulations, rules and regulations, process technology, operational skills, analysis of explosives-related cases, and emergency response.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for risk identification and control of explosive loading in open-pit blasting holes, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Risk Identification Steps S1 Operational Environment Assessment: Before loading explosives, a detailed survey of the terrain and structures in the blasting area is conducted. High-precision UAV remote sensing technology is used to acquire high-definition panoramic images of the blasting area, combined with 3D laser scanning technology to accurately draw topographic maps. At the same time, ground-penetrating radar and other equipment are used to detect underground geological structures. Key geological parameters such as lithology distribution, joint and fracture spacing and attitude, fault location, and fracture zone range are recorded in detail. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is used to systematically analyze the terrain, geological structures, and distribution of surrounding structures. Simultaneously, based on the blasting scale and explosive properties, the blasting impact radius is delineated according to relevant standards, and the location and protection level of residential areas, important facilities, and sensitive targets within the scope are verified. Professional blasting vibration prediction software (such as the Sadovsky formula combined with on-site geological conditions correction) is used to assess the potential impact of blasting vibration. Based on rock characteristics, explosive parameters, and terrain conditions, the threat range of blasting flyrock to surrounding targets is assessed using flyrock distance calculation formulas. S2 Equipment and Material Inspection: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the charging equipment, such as the charging vehicle and delivery pipeline, to check whether the equipment is intact; check the quality and performance of explosives and detonators to ensure that they meet national standards and blasting design requirements; visually inspect whether the explosive packaging is within the specified range. S3 Personnel Qualification Review: Verify the qualifications of personnel involved in the loading operation, ensuring they possess the corresponding blasting operation qualification certificate and that the certificate is valid; at the same time, check the physical condition of the personnel. S4 Operation Process Analysis: Based on the blasting design plan, blasting operation manual, and related operating procedures, a detailed analysis of the charging operation process is conducted. From explosive transportation to borehole preparation, explosive loading, borehole plugging, and detonator connection, potential risks are identified at each stage. For example, during explosive loading and borehole plugging, improper operation may lead to explosive spillage (explosive spillage exceeding 2% of the single-hole charge is considered a risk) or borehole plugging (plugging length deviation exceeding ±5% of the design length is considered a risk). During detonator connection, static electricity (an environmental static potential exceeding 100V is considered a risk) or misoperation may cause premature detonation of the detonator. For different rock types (such as hard rock, medium-hard rock, and soft rock) and blasting scales (small, medium, and large), analyze the risks of specific operational procedures, such as the risk of flying rocks that may be caused by the concentration of explosive energy during hard rock blasting, and the risk of misfires that may be caused by the complex connection of detonators in large blasting. S5 blasting site safety and technical briefing management is refined: key information is clearly marked on the blasting design drawings, including borehole layout parameters (hole spacing, row spacing, hole depth, deviation not exceeding ±2% of the design value), charge structure (specific parameters such as continuous charge, interval charge, segmented charge, etc.), detonation sequence, and safety warning range; ensuring that construction personnel can intuitively and accurately obtain these important parameters before operation, avoiding operational errors caused by unclear information; at the same time, special technical briefing meetings are organized, where the blasting technical leader explains the design scheme and key points of operation in detail, and written records are made and signed by the participants for confirmation; S6 Detailed On-Site Personnel Division of Labor Management: A detailed on-site personnel division of labor table is developed to uniformly arrange on-site personnel, ensuring clear division of labor and accountability; the division of labor table includes key information such as time, location, blasting area number, on-site supervisor, drilling rig supervisor, and full-time safety officer; the specific responsibilities of the technical team and the blasting team are clearly defined. Step Two: Risk Identification Methods S1 controls risks in the working environment: protective barriers are set up for key protected objects within the blasting warning zone, and blasting parameters are dynamically adjusted to reduce the hazards of blasting vibration and flying rocks; S2 controls risks related to equipment and materials: Regularly maintain and service the charging equipment, establish equipment files, and record the equipment's usage and maintenance status; conduct trial runs of the equipment before charging to ensure normal operation; return any substandard blasting materials and strictly prohibit their use; at the same time, strengthen the storage management of blasting materials to ensure that the storage environment meets the requirements and prevent material deterioration; S3 controls personnel risks by regularly organizing safety education and training courses and skills enhancement courses for workers to strengthen safety awareness education and improve operational skills; at the work site, a dedicated safety officer is assigned to supervise the workers' operational behavior and promptly stop and correct any violations; at the same time, necessary personal protective equipment is provided to personnel involved in blasting operations at the blasting site, and their correct wearing and use are ensured. S4 Control of operational process risks: Develop a detailed loading operation manual, clearly defining the standard requirements and precautions for each operation step; Clear operation signs should be set up at the loading site to guide operators to follow the correct procedures; information technology should be used, such as installing a video surveillance system, to monitor the loading process in real time so as to detect and deal with abnormal situations in a timely manner; at the same time, an emergency response mechanism should be established so that in the event of an accident, the emergency plan can be quickly activated and effective emergency measures can be taken to reduce accident losses. Step 3: Specific Implementation of Risk Identification S1 Operational Environment Assessment Implementation: Before blasting operations [specific time period, such as one week], a professional team composed of blasting engineers, geological engineers, and safety officers conducts a comprehensive on-site survey; carries out geological investigations, records key geological parameters such as lithological distribution and joint development in detail; and accurately locates buildings and structures within a 300m range to provide data support for subsequent risk assessments and achieve dynamic management of risk sources. S2 Equipment and Material Inspection Implementation: Before loading explosives, professional equipment maintenance personnel will conduct a comprehensive inspection of the loading vehicle and conveying pipeline equipment; check whether the power system, control system and metering system of the loading vehicle are normal, and whether there are signs of wear or leakage in the conveying pipeline; conduct sampling tests on the explosives to test their density, detonation velocity and saturation performance indicators, and conduct a full inspection of the detonators to test their resistance value and delay time parameters. S3 Personnel Qualification Review Implementation: Establish a special operations personnel ledger, update it regularly in real time, and on the day of operation, the on-site supervisor (technical supervisor or full-time safety officer) observes the mental state of the workers, inquires about their physical feelings, and then adjusts the workers' work tasks accordingly; S4 Operational Procedure Analysis and Implementation: Organize blasting technicians, safety managers, and experienced operators to conduct a detailed review of the charging operation process based on the blasting design plan and current blasting operating procedures; analyze potential risks at each stage, from explosive transportation to borehole preparation, explosive loading, borehole sealing, and detonator connection, and record them in the risk identification list; for example, improper operation during detonator connection may lead to short circuits or grounding, resulting in misfires. Step 4: Specific Implementation of Risk Control S1 implements risk control measures for the working environment: For areas with well-developed joints and fractures, the borehole network parameters are appropriately adjusted, and the blasting effect is improved by adopting measures such as segmented charging to change the charge structure and changing the length of the borehole plugging. At the same time, for mining equipment within 50 meters of the blasting zone, it is moved or provided with safety cover in advance, and the detonation sequence and throwing direction are adjusted. All adjusted blasting parameters must be reviewed by the blasting technical supervisor and verified by network simulation before blasting. S2 implements risk control measures for equipment and materials: Establish a regular maintenance system for explosive loading equipment; record the performance indicators of the equipment during trial operation before loading; repair promptly if any abnormalities are found; return substandard explosive materials to the supplier and keep records. Strengthen the management of explosive material storage warehouses, install temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the storage environment in real time, and carry out ventilation, dehumidification and other operations when the temperature and humidity exceed the specified range; S3 measures for controlling personnel risks include: regularly organizing safety training for workers; setting up safety supervision posts at work sites, with experienced safety management personnel serving as supervisors to monitor workers' operations throughout the process; equipping workers with personal protective equipment that meets national standards and checking their wearing before work begins. S4 Implementation of risk control for operational procedures: Compile detailed job operation manuals, including operation process diagrams, key points of operation, risk warnings and emergency handling methods; Operation signs should be placed at key locations at the loading site, such as next to the loading vehicle and near the blast holes, to visualize the operation process and precautions; high-definition video surveillance cameras should be installed to cover the entire loading operation area, and the monitoring images should be transmitted to the on-site control room in real time. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm should be issued immediately and measures should be taken; emergency plans should be developed and emergency drills should be organized regularly to improve emergency response capabilities.

2. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: A detailed investigation was conducted on the surrounding environment, distribution of structures, and geological conditions of the blasting area to determine whether there were any factors that might affect the safety of the blasting.

3. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: A comprehensive inspection of the loading equipment was conducted to check for any damage, leaks, or blockages. The explosive packaging was visually inspected for damage or moisture. Professional instruments were used to test the resistance and delay time parameters of the detonators. The key information for the blasting operation is as follows: Technical Team: Responsible for filling out blasting construction records, ensuring that every key data point in the construction process is accurately recorded to provide a basis for subsequent analysis and summarization; collecting explosives materials, strictly following the prescribed procedures to ensure the safe transportation and storage of explosives; distributing charging lists on-site, promptly transmitting charging information to operators to ensure orderly charging operations; randomly checking hole depth and charging height to control the quality of key charging parameters; accompanying the loading process, supervising in real time to ensure that the charging operation complies with specifications; handling water-filled holes, taking special charging measures for water-filled holes to ensure charging effectiveness; supervising the filling quality to ensure that the filling operation meets design requirements and prevents explosive energy leakage; responsible for tasks such as hole charging, barcode scanning and data entry, network connection, ignition and detonation, and vehicle services, comprehensively ensuring the smooth progress of all aspects of blasting construction technology; Blasting Team: Responsible for on-site security, demarcating safe zones, and preventing unauthorized personnel from entering dangerous areas; handling tool collection and retrieval, ensuring the integrity and timely supply of tools; maintaining blasting operation records, cross-checking them with the technical team's records to ensure data accuracy; conducting borehole preparation for loading explosives; distributing and collecting pyrotechnic materials, cooperating with the technical team to ensure their correct use; randomly checking borehole depth and loading height to further strengthen quality supervision; fabricating detonating charges, strictly adhering to operating procedures to ensure their quality; assisting with loading operations, ensuring smooth loading of explosives; loading explosives in water-filled holes, collaborating with the technical team to complete loading of special blast holes; assisting with blast hole loading and filling to improve operational efficiency; conducting borehole filling, mechanical blast hole filling, manual blast hole filling, and filling quality verification, comprehensively ensuring the safety and quality of blasting operations.

4. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: Potential risks in the operational process include, for example, during the loading of explosives and filling of the borehole, improper operation may cause explosives to spill and block the borehole; during the connection of detonators, static electricity or misoperation may cause the detonators to detonate prematurely.

5. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The task assignment form includes the time, location, blasting area number, on-site supervisor, drilling rig supervisor, and full-time safety officer.

6. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: Protective barriers, such as building retaining walls and setting up buffer zones; adjusting blasting parameters, such as reducing the amount of explosive charge per stage and increasing the detonation delay.

7. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: Personal protective equipment, such as safety helmets, protective shoes, and anti-static clothing, is provided. Red armbands and different colored safety helmets are made and customized according to the job positions of blasting safety officers, blasters, warehouse managers, and blasting engineering technicians to distinguish the job nature of on-site personnel.

8. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting hole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: Storage conditions for explosive materials should ensure that temperature and humidity meet requirements, and that the storage facility has fire prevention, explosion prevention, and anti-theft facilities.

9. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting borehole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The risk identification list includes, for example, the risk of explosives spilling onto the ground during the explosives loading process, which could lead to fire or explosion if not cleaned up in time.

10. The method for risk identification and control of open-pit blasting borehole charging according to claim 1, characterized in that: Perform comprehensive maintenance on the equipment, including replacing vulnerable parts and cleaning the interior of the equipment; develop emergency plans, clearly defining the emergency organization, division of responsibilities, emergency response procedures, and emergency rescue measures; organize emergency drills regularly, once every six months; training content includes blasting safety regulations, relevant laws and regulations, rules and regulations, process technology, operating skills, analysis of explosives-related cases, and emergency response.

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