Bottle opening valve suitable for high-capacity hydrogen storage bottle

Abstract

The invention discloses a bottleneck valve suitable for a high-capacity hydrogen storage bottle. The bottleneck valve comprises a valve body, and a gas inlet assembly, a gas supply assembly, a TPRD assembly, a manual stop valve assembly and a manual release valve assembly which are arranged on the valve body, the air inlet assembly and the air supply assembly adopt mutually independent pipelines, and a temperature sensing glass ball of the TPRD assembly is installed in a limited mode through a pressure balance piston. Flow impact is avoided through the gas inlet pipeline and the gas supply pipeline which are independently arranged, safe discharging is achieved in combination with a pressure balance piston structure, and the beneficial effects of improving the filling efficiency and the safe discharging capacity are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy equipment, and more specifically, to a valve for the mouth of a large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology, the demand for large-capacity hydrogen storage systems is becoming increasingly prominent in order to improve vehicle range. Currently, hydrogen storage systems generally adopt a multi-cylinder combination scheme. While this configuration achieves large-capacity hydrogen storage, it also brings several technical challenges: First, large-capacity hydrogen storage requires higher refueling flow rates, which places higher demands on the fluid channel design of the cylinder valve; second, system safety protection requires larger diameter temperature and pressure relief devices; and third, temperature rise control during large-capacity refueling is a more prominent issue.

[0003] Existing 70MPa hydrogen cylinder valves have significant design shortcomings: traditional valves use a single channel for both hydrogen filling and supply, leading to excessive flow surges during filling and severely impacting their lifespan. Furthermore, the filling flow path must pass through a solenoid valve structure; to prevent impurities from affecting the solenoid valve's sealing performance, filters must be installed at the inlet and outlet, increasing system complexity and significantly reducing filling efficiency. In addition, due to the solenoid valve's diameter limitation, existing filling channels typically cannot exceed 5mm in diameter, failing to meet the rapid filling requirements of large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders.

[0004] Regarding safe venting, the temperature-sensing glass bulb of traditional temperature and pressure venting devices directly bears the high pressure inside the cylinder. Due to material strength limitations, the venting diameter is strictly restricted to below 5mm. Even with a dual-venting device configuration, it is still difficult to meet the safe venting requirements of large-capacity gas cylinders. The solenoid valve system lacks an effective status feedback mechanism, posing a safety hazard as valve core jamming is difficult to detect in a timely manner.

[0005] Regarding the gas inlet structure, existing straight pipe or simple bend nozzle designs lead to uneven hydrogen distribution within the cylinder, causing not only inaccurate local temperature monitoring but also potentially triggering dangerous local overheating. These technical defects severely restrict the safety and reliability of large-capacity hydrogen storage systems.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bottle neck valve suitable for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A valve for a large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder includes a valve body and an inlet assembly, a supply assembly, a TPRD assembly, a manual shut-off valve assembly, and a manual relief valve assembly mounted on the valve body. The inlet assembly and the supply assembly use independent pipelines, and the temperature-sensing glass bulb of the TPRD assembly is limited by a pressure-balanced piston.

[0010] Furthermore, the air intake assembly is enclosed in the air intake port on the end face of the valve body. The air intake port is connected to one end of the air intake channel located inside the valve body, and the other end of the air intake channel is connected to the air intake pipe unit located at the bottom of the valve body.

[0011] The intake pipe unit includes an intake pipe, one end of which is located at the bottom of the valve body via an intake valve seat. An intake check valve is provided inside the intake valve seat. The intake check valve opens / closes the other end of the intake passage via a first spring. The other end of the intake pipe is provided with a bent pipe section for extending into the hydrogen storage tank.

[0012] The connection between the intake pipe and the intake valve seat is provided with a nut for adjusting the orientation of the bend section, and a swirl generator is provided inside the intake pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas supply assembly includes a flow limiting valve unit, a solenoid valve unit, and a gas supply interface unit;

[0014] The flow limiting valve unit includes a flow limiting valve seat connected to the valve body. A flow limiting valve filter and a flow limiting valve core are provided at the air inlet end of the flow limiting valve seat. The flow limiting valve core is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the air inlet end of the flow limiting valve seat by a second spring. A flow limiting valve check valve core is provided at the air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat. The flow limiting valve check valve core is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat by a third spring. The air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat is connected to the solenoid valve unit through an air supply pipeline.

[0015] Furthermore, the solenoid valve unit includes a stainless steel outer shell connected to the valve body to form an air supply chamber, a solenoid valve seat is provided inside the stainless steel outer shell, the air inlet end of the solenoid valve seat is connected to the air supply pipeline, a solenoid valve core is provided at the air inlet end of the solenoid valve seat, the end of the solenoid valve core is connected to the moving iron core, and a fourth spring is provided at the end of the moving iron core for pressing the solenoid valve core against the air inlet sealing surface of the solenoid valve seat.

[0016] A coil is provided on the outside of the moving iron core, and a stationary iron core is provided on the top of the moving iron core. The stationary iron core is fixedly installed on the end of the stainless steel shell by an end cap. A signal terminal is provided on the stationary iron core, and the signal terminal is connected to a connector.

[0017] The outlet end of the solenoid valve seat is connected to the air supply interface unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the gas supply interface unit includes a filter assembly and a gas supply connector;

[0019] The filter assembly is fixedly installed on the valve body via a gas supply connector. The gas inlet end of the gas supply connector is connected to the gas outlet end of the solenoid valve seat via a pipeline. The gas outlet end of the filter assembly is used to connect to the hydrogen system pipeline.

[0020] Furthermore, the TPRD assembly includes a TPRD housing that is fixedly connected to the valve body;

[0021] The TPRD housing contains a temperature-sensing glass ball. One end of the temperature-sensing glass ball is installed inside the TPRD housing by a protective sleeve, and the other end of the temperature-sensing glass ball is installed by a pressure-balancing piston.

[0022] The first end of the pressure balancing piston is tightly attached to the other end of the temperature-sensing glass ball by the fifth spring, and the second end of the pressure balancing piston extends into the internal channel of the valve body. The pressure-bearing area of ​​the second end of the pressure balancing piston is 1 / 2 the pressure-bearing area of ​​the first end of the pressure balancing piston. The internal channel is connected to the inclined hole, one end of which is provided with a sealing plug, and the other end of which is connected to the relief channel.

[0023] Furthermore, the valve body is provided with a tool groove, and a venting tool is provided in the tool groove. The venting tool is used to operate the manual shut-off valve assembly and the manual shut-off valve assembly.

[0024] Furthermore, the manual shut-off valve assembly includes a first channel disposed on the valve body, a shut-off valve cover disposed at the outer end of the first channel, a shut-off valve stem disposed within the first channel, the end of the shut-off valve stem being throttlely connected to the shut-off valve core and used to push the shut-off valve core to move and close the channel between the solenoid valve unit and the air supply interface unit.

[0025] Furthermore, the manual relief valve assembly includes a second channel disposed on the valve body, a relief valve cover disposed at the outer end of the second channel, a relief valve stem disposed inside the second channel, the end of the relief valve stem being throttlely connected to the relief valve core and used to push the relief valve core to move to open the relief channel of the TPRD assembly.

[0026] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] This application provides a valve for the neck of a large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder. It avoids flow impact through independently set inlet and supply pipelines, and achieves safe venting by combining a pressure-balanced piston structure. It has the advantages of improving filling efficiency and safe venting capability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders as described in this invention.

[0029] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the air intake assembly described in this invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow limiting valve unit described in this invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the solenoid valve unit described in this invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas supply interface unit described in this invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the TPRD component described in this invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the manual shut-off valve assembly and the manual relief valve assembly described in this invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the swirl generator described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

[0037] In existing technologies, hydrogen storage systems for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles generally employ a single-pipeline design, with refueling and hydrogen supply sharing the same channel. This structure results in a large flow of hydrogen directly impacting the solenoid valves and pressure reducing valves of the hydrogen supply system during refueling, affecting the lifespan of critical components. Furthermore, the limited solenoid valve diameter hinders improvements in refueling efficiency. Temperature and pressure relief devices, due to the temperature-sensing bulb directly bearing the internal pressure, have their relief diameter limited to a small size, failing to meet the relief requirements of large-capacity cylinders. In addition, the unidirectional airflow during refueling can lead to uneven temperature distribution within the cylinder, affecting the accuracy of temperature monitoring.

[0038] To address the aforementioned issues, this application utilizes fluid dynamics simulations to discover that an independently installed inlet pipeline can eliminate the impact load on the hydrogen supply system. Following mechanical analysis of the temperature and pressure relief device, a piston structure with varying pressure-bearing areas is proposed to balance the forces on the glass bulb. Based on the principle of turbulent mixing, a swirling structure is incorporated at the end of the inlet pipeline to improve the temperature field distribution within the cylinder.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention proposes a valve for a large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder, comprising a valve body 1, and an inlet assembly 2, a supply assembly 3, a TPRD assembly 4, a manual shut-off valve assembly 5, and a manual release valve assembly 6 disposed on the valve body 1; the inlet assembly 2 and the supply assembly 3 adopt independent pipelines, and the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 of the TPRD assembly 4 is limited by a pressure balance piston 44.

[0040] The independent pipelines refer to the complete separation of the hydrogen filling and supply channels, allowing the filling channel to be optimized independently without being limited by the hydrogen supply system. The pressure balancing piston 44 is a plunger structure with different pressure-bearing areas, which counteracts the direct effect of the bottle pressure on the glass bulb through the pressure difference between the two ends.

[0041] Specifically, hydrogen is added directly into the hydrogen storage cylinder through an independent inlet pipe 23, avoiding flow through components of the hydrogen supply system such as the solenoid valve. During hydrogen supply, hydrogen is output through an independent supply pipe 77, and the two pipes form independent flow channels within the valve body 1. In the TPRD assembly 4, the small end face of the pressure balancing piston 44 bears the pressure inside the cylinder, while the large end face contacts the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42. The area difference creates a balancing force, ensuring that the glass bulb only bears residual pressure. The manual shut-off valve assembly 5 and the manual release valve assembly 6 control the opening and closing of the supply pipe 77 and the release channel 47, respectively, forming a safety assurance mechanism.

[0042] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves three major technical problems: limited refueling flow rate, insufficient venting capacity, and distorted temperature monitoring. The independent pipeline design ensures that the refueling flow rate increase is not limited by the solenoid valve; the pressure balancing structure significantly increases venting capacity while maintaining the sensitivity of the temperature sensing element; and the swirling air inlet design promotes uniform gas mixing within the cylinder, preventing localized excessive temperature rise. The inclusion of manual shut-off valve assembly 5 enhances safety redundancy, providing reliable protection for the hydrogen storage system.

[0043] This application further proposes an air inlet assembly 2 structure suitable for a bottle neck valve of a large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder. An air inlet interface 21 is located on the end face of the valve body 1 and communicates with an air inlet channel 22 inside the valve body 1. The other end of the air inlet channel 22 is connected to an air inlet pipe 23 unit at the bottom of the valve body 1. The air inlet pipe 23 unit includes an air inlet pipe 23, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the valve body 1 by an air inlet valve seat 24, and an air inlet one-way valve 25, which is limited and installed inside by a first spring 26, extends out as a bent section. An adjustable nut 27 is provided at the connection between the air inlet pipe 23 and the air inlet valve seat 24, and a vortex generator 28 is integrated inside the air inlet pipe 23.

[0044] The inlet port 21 is a channel interface located on the end face of the valve body 1 for connecting to an external hydrogen refueling pipeline. It can be implemented using a flange or threaded interface, and its direct connection to the inlet gas passage 22 forms a refueling channel independent of the gas supply system. The inlet gas passage 22 is a gas transmission channel penetrating the interior of the valve body 1; its independent path avoids the refueling flow being limited by the solenoid valve diameter. The inlet pipe unit 23 is a pipeline assembly connecting the valve body 1 to the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage tank, used to directly inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank. The inlet check valve 25 is a valve structure that allows unidirectional flow, specifically implemented using a conical valve core and spring to prevent hydrogen backflow and maintain a sealed state. The bend section is the section at the end of the inlet pipe 23 that is bent at a specific angle; its extension direction can adjust the hydrogen injection angle. The nut 27 is a fastener connecting the inlet pipe 23 to the valve seat, specifically implemented using a hexagonal nut 27 with internal threads; the spatial orientation of the bend section can be changed by rotation adjustment. The swirling generator 28 refers to the flow guiding structure that induces the gas to rotate and flow. Specifically, it can be implemented by using a spiral guide vane or an oblique opening structure, so that the hydrogen gas enters the gas cylinder in a turbulent state.

[0045] Specifically, during refueling, high-pressure hydrogen enters the intake channel 22 through the intake port 21 and is injected into the hydrogen storage cylinder along the intake pipe 23 with the one-way valve open. The swirling generator 28 alters the airflow trajectory, causing the hydrogen to enter the cylinder's internal space in a rotating turbulent flow, breaking the laminar flow state formed by traditional direct injection. The spatial orientation of the bend section can be adjusted at multiple angles by rotating the nut 27, optimizing the hydrogen distribution path according to the cylinder shape. This structure enhances gas mixing through swirling disturbance, eliminates localized temperature accumulation, and the independent large-diameter flow channel supports higher refueling flow rates.

[0046] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of monitoring distortion caused by uneven temperature field inside the cylinder during filling, and avoids the risk of overheating caused by local gas accumulation. The independent large-diameter nozzle can meet the high-flow filling requirements of large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders. The synergistic effect of the swirl generator 28 and the adjustable bend section ensures uniform diffusion of hydrogen in the cylinder space and improves the accuracy of temperature monitoring.

[0047] This application further proposes that the gas supply assembly 3 includes a flow limiting valve unit, a solenoid valve unit, and a gas supply interface unit. The flow limiting valve unit includes a flow limiting valve seat 71 connected to the valve body 1. A flow limiting valve filter 72 and a flow limiting valve core 73 are provided at the air inlet end of the flow limiting valve seat 71. The flow limiting valve core 73 is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the air inlet end of the flow limiting valve seat 71 by a second spring 74. A flow limiting valve check valve core 75 is provided at the air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat 71. The flow limiting valve check valve core 75 is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat 71 by a third spring 76. The air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat 71 is connected to the solenoid valve unit through a gas supply pipeline 77.

[0048] The flow-limiting valve unit is an independent control module used to regulate the hydrogen supply flow and prevent backflow. It can be implemented using a split valve seat structure, with one-way functional components at both the inlet and outlet ends. The flow-limiting valve filter 72 is a device used to intercept solid impurities in the hydrogen supply pipeline. It can be implemented using a multi-layer sintered stainless steel filter element to prevent contaminants from entering the solenoid valve unit. The flow-limiting valve core 73 is a flow regulating component that dynamically balances the spring force with the valve seat sealing surface. It can be implemented using a conical sealing structure and automatically adjusts the opening degree according to changes in the hydrogen supply pressure. The flow-limiting valve one-way valve core 75 is a check valve component that prevents reverse hydrogen flow, maintaining a sealed state through spring preload.

[0049] Specifically, during the hydrogen supply process, hydrogen first passes through the flow-limiting valve filter 72, where solid impurities are intercepted at the inlet. The flow-limiting valve core 73, under the action of the second spring 74, maintains dynamic balance with the valve seat sealing surface. When the hydrogen supply pressure fluctuates, the valve core opening automatically adjusts with pressure changes, stabilizing the flow rate. The regulated hydrogen then enters the supply pipeline 77 through the flow-limiting valve check valve core 75. Under the action of the third spring 76, the check valve core remains firmly against the outlet sealing surface, preventing hydrogen backflow. The supply pipeline 77 delivers hydrogen to the solenoid valve unit. The solenoid valve only needs to perform opening and closing operations and does not need to withstand flow fluctuations. The flow-limiting valve unit and the solenoid valve unit form a series structure, separating the flow regulation function from the opening and closing function, reducing the workload of the solenoid valve.

[0050] Through the above technical solution, this application can prevent impurities in the hydrogen supply pipeline from entering the solenoid valve sealing surface, thus extending the service life of the solenoid valve. The hydrogen supply flow rate is automatically adjusted by the flow limiting valve core 73, reducing the impact of pressure fluctuations on the solenoid valve. The one-way valve core effectively blocks hydrogen backflow, ensuring the unidirectional flow characteristics of the gas supply system. The functional decoupling design of the flow limiting valve unit and the solenoid valve unit allows both to independently optimize their structural parameters to adapt to different flow requirements.

[0051] This application further proposes an electromagnetic valve unit comprising a stainless steel housing 81 connected to the valve body 1 to form an air supply chamber, an electromagnetic valve seat 82 disposed within the stainless steel housing 81, the air inlet end of the electromagnetic valve seat 82 being connected to the air supply pipeline 77, an electromagnetic valve core 83 disposed at the air inlet end of the electromagnetic valve seat 82, the end of the electromagnetic valve core 83 being connected to a moving iron core 84, a fourth spring 85 disposed at the end of the moving iron core 84 for pressing the electromagnetic valve core 83 against the air inlet sealing surface of the electromagnetic valve seat 82; a coil 86 disposed on the outside of the moving iron core 84, a stationary iron core 87 disposed on the top of the moving iron core 84, the stationary iron core 87 being fixedly mounted on the end of the stainless steel housing 81 by an end cap 88, a signal terminal 89 disposed on the stationary iron core 87, the signal terminal 89 being connected to a connector 810; and the air outlet end of the electromagnetic valve seat 82 being connected to an air supply interface unit.

[0052] Among them, the stainless steel shell 81 refers to a sealed shell made of corrosion-resistant metal material, specifically austenitic stainless steel, which connects with the valve body 1 to form a sealed cavity to isolate the external environment from the operation of the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve seat 82 refers to a support structure with a gas passage, specifically a component with internal stepped holes, whose inlet end is connected to the gas supply line 77 to form a medium transmission path. The moving iron core 84 refers to an axially movable magnetic conductive component, specifically a columnar structure made of soft magnetic alloy material, which is rigidly connected to the solenoid valve core 83 to achieve synchronous displacement. The signal terminal 89 refers to a conductive component used to transmit electrical signals, specifically a gold-plated copper pin, which connects with the connector 810 to establish a transmission channel for the valve core position signal. The stationary iron core 87 refers to a fixedly installed magnetic conductive component, specifically a silicon steel sheet laminated and formed, which cooperates with the end cap 88 to form a closed magnetic circuit to improve electromagnetic drive efficiency.

[0053] Specifically, when coil 86 is energized, the moving iron core 84 moves upward under the electromagnetic force, overcoming the preload of the fourth spring 85, causing the solenoid valve core 83 to disengage from the sealing surface and open the gas passage. When coil 86 is de-energized, the fourth spring 85 pushes the moving iron core 84 back to its original position, causing the solenoid valve core 83 to reseal the air inlet. During this process, when the top of the moving iron core 84 contacts terminal 89 on the stationary iron core 87, the circuit is connected and a current signal is detected, indicating that the solenoid valve core 83 is fully open. If no current signal is detected after coil 86 is energized, it indicates that the solenoid valve core 83 is not fully open, and an abnormality can be identified and an automatic error report will be issued.

[0054] This solution integrates signal detection functionality into the electromagnetic drive structure, enabling valve core status monitoring without adding additional sensors. Through this technical solution, when the solenoid valve core 83 is not fully open, the controller can immediately cut off the power and issue a maintenance command, preventing abnormal air supply flow caused by the solenoid valve core 83 becoming stuck.

[0055] This application further proposes a gas supply interface unit including a filter assembly 91 and a gas supply connector 92. The filter assembly 91 is fixedly installed on the valve body 1 through the gas supply connector 92. The gas inlet end of the gas supply connector 92 is connected to the gas outlet end of the solenoid valve seat 82 through a pipeline. The gas outlet end of the filter assembly 91 is used to connect to the hydrogen system pipeline.

[0056] The filter assembly 91 is a device used to intercept particulate impurities in the air path. Specifically, it can be implemented using a multi-layered stainless steel filter screen structure, filtering impurities of different particle sizes in stages. This assembly, positioned between the air supply connector 92 and the outlet of the solenoid valve, performs end-stage filtration of the airflow passing through the solenoid valve.

[0057] The gas supply connector 92 is a transition structure connecting the valve body 1 and the hydrogen system pipeline. Specifically, it can be implemented using a metal flange structure with internal threads, rigidly connected to the valve body 1 by bolts. This connector has an internal straight-through flow channel communicating with the outlet end of the solenoid valve seat 82, avoiding pressure loss caused by airflow deflection. The split-type installation design means that the filter assembly 91 and the gas supply connector 92 are connected by a detachable snap-fit ​​or threaded connection. Specifically, this can be achieved by providing an annular groove on the inner wall of the gas supply connector 92 that engages with the flange on the outer wall of the filter assembly 91. This design allows the filter assembly 91 to be disassembled and maintained independently of the gas supply connector 92.

[0058] Specifically, the gas supply connector 92 is fixedly installed at a pre-set mounting hole on the surface of the valve body 1. Its inlet end is directly connected to the outlet port of the solenoid valve seat 82 via a short pipe, forming a straight flow channel without bends. When the solenoid valve is open, hydrogen gas flows sequentially through the outlet port of the solenoid valve seat 82, the internal channel of the gas supply connector 92, and then into the filter assembly 91. The multi-layer filter screen in the filter assembly 91 filters the airflow, intercepting any metal debris or sealing material particles that may be present. The filtered hydrogen gas then enters the hydrogen system pipeline through the standard interface at the outlet port of the gas supply connector 92.

[0059] This application further proposes a TPRD housing 41 fixedly connected to the valve body 1. A temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 is disposed within the TPRD housing 41. One end of the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 is limited and installed within the TPRD housing 41 by a protective sleeve 43, and the other end is limited and installed by a pressure-balancing piston 44. The first end of the pressure-balancing piston 44 is tightly pressed against the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 by a fifth spring 45, and the second end extends into the internal channel of the valve body 1, with the pressure-bearing area of ​​the second end being three-quarters that of the first end. The internal channel communicates with an oblique hole 48, one end of which is provided with a sealing plug 46, and the other end communicates with a relief channel 47.

[0060] The pressure-balancing piston 44 refers to a double-ended piston structure with different pressure-bearing areas, which can be implemented using a shaft-type metal component. Its second end extends into the internal channel, allowing the piston to simultaneously bear the pressure inside the bottle, forming a pressure difference compensation mechanism. The pressure-bearing area ratio refers to the ratio of the effective force-bearing area of ​​the second end to the first end of the piston being three to four. This ratio design ensures that when the pressure inside the bottle acts on the piston, it generates a reverse force, actively counteracting the positive pressure borne by the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42. The oblique hole 48 refers to a guide channel that is inclined at an angle to the internal channel, which can be formed by drilling. Its inclined angle design facilitates pressure transmission and maintains structural compactness. The sealing plug 46 is used to maintain the sealing state during normal system operation.

[0061] Specifically, when the pressure inside the bottle acts on the second end of the pressure balancing piston 44, the reverse force generated because the pressure-bearing area of ​​the second end is smaller than that of the first end can partially offset the positive pressure borne by the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42. The fifth spring 45 provides preload to ensure stable contact between the piston and the glass bulb, and the internal channel transmits the bottle pressure to the second end of the piston to form a dynamic balance. When an abnormal temperature triggers the breakage of the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42, the pressure balancing piston 44 loses its limiting function, and the high-pressure gas inside the bottle enters the venting channel 47 through the inclined hole 48 to complete rapid depressurization. The sealing plug 46 keeps the inclined hole 48 sealed under normal operating conditions, allowing airflow only during venting.

[0062] Compared to existing technologies, in traditional TPRD structures, the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 directly bears the entire bottle pressure, resulting in the venting diameter being limited by the strength of the glass bulb. This solution, through the pressure-balancing piston 44 structure, reduces the net pressure actually borne by the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 to one-quarter of the bottle pressure, significantly increasing the venting diameter under the same glass bulb strength conditions.

[0063] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of limited venting diameter caused by the temperature-sensing glass bulb 42 directly bearing the internal pressure of the bottle in the TPRD assembly 4. The pressure balancing piston 44 actively adjusts the stress state of the glass bulb through area difference design, enabling it to adapt to higher bottle pressure or larger venting diameter requirements under the same breakage strength. This structure significantly improves venting capacity while maintaining the original trigger sensitivity, meeting the technical requirements of rapid venting for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders, avoiding the risk of overpressure due to untimely venting, and improving the safety of system operation.

[0064] This application further proposes a manual shut-off valve assembly 5, including a first channel 51 disposed on a valve body 1, a shut-off valve cover 52 disposed at the outer end of the first channel 51, a shut-off valve stem 53 disposed in the first channel 51, the end of the shut-off valve stem 53 being throttle-connected to the shut-off valve core 54 and used to push the shut-off valve core 54 to move to close the channel between the solenoid valve unit and the air supply interface unit.

[0065] The first channel 51 refers to a cylindrical through-hole penetrating the wall thickness of the valve body 1, which can be implemented using a stepped hole structure. A guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the channel to guide the movement trajectory of the valve stem. The valve cover 52 of the gate valve refers to a threaded fastener with a sealing gasket, which can be implemented using a hexagonal flange nut 27 in conjunction with a copper sealing gasket. The preload of the thread ensures the sealing of the channel. The valve stem 53 of the gate valve refers to a cylindrical transmission component with a threaded structure. The valve core 54 of the gate valve refers to a metal component with a conical sealing structure.

[0066] Specifically, when it is necessary to cut off the gas supply path, the valve stem 53 of the shut-off valve is manually rotated to drive the valve core to move axially. The conical surface of the valve core and the conical hole of the valve seat form a hard metal seal, blocking the fluid passage between the solenoid valve unit and the gas supply interface unit through the contact pressure of the conical surface. The guide groove constrains the valve stem to move only axially, and the trapezoidal thread drive converts the rotational motion into linear displacement. When the hexagonal flange nut 27 is tightened, it squeezes the copper gasket to form a radial seal. This mechanical shut-off mechanism is independent of the solenoid valve control system and can establish a physical isolation barrier when the solenoid valve malfunctions.

[0067] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of the system's inability to promptly diagnose faults due to the inability to detect the open state of the solenoid valve. When the solenoid valve is not fully open or its movement is stuck, the operator can directly cut off the gas supply channel by manually operating the shut-off valve assembly, avoiding the risk of hydrogen leakage caused by solenoid valve malfunction. This mechanical shut-off mechanism does not rely on electronic sensor detection and can still ensure the safe shutdown of the gas supply system when the solenoid valve control fails, while providing maintenance personnel with a direct means of confirming the valve status. By physically isolating the gas supply channel, the potential safety hazards of the solenoid valve in a partially open state are effectively eliminated.

[0068] This application further proposes a manual relief valve assembly 6, including a second channel 61 disposed on a valve body 1, a relief valve cover 62 disposed at the outer end of the second channel 61, a relief valve stem 63 disposed in the second channel 61, the end of the relief valve stem 63 being throttlely connected to the relief valve core 64 and used to push the relief valve core 64 to move to open the second channel 61 of the TPRD assembly 4.

[0069] The second channel 61 refers to a cylindrical through-hole penetrating the wall thickness of the valve body 1, which can be implemented using a stepped hole structure. A guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the channel to guide the movement trajectory of the valve stem. The relief valve cover 62 refers to a sealing structure covering the outer end of the second channel 61, which is implemented using a threaded connection or flange-fixed metal cover. Its function is to prevent external contaminants from entering the second channel 61 and maintain a tight seal. The relief valve stem 63 refers to an axially movable transmission component, which is implemented using a hollow rod structure made of stainless steel. Its function is to transmit external operating force to the valve core. The relief valve core 64 refers to a sealing element used for closing or opening, which is implemented using a structure where a conical sealing surface mates with the valve seat.

[0070] Specifically, when the manual release valve assembly 6 needs to be manually opened, the release tool 12 rotates and pushes the release valve stem 63, causing it to move axially along the second channel 61. The end of the release valve stem 63 and the release valve core 64 form a rigid transmission through a threaded connection or snap-fit ​​structure. The displacement of the valve stem directly drives the valve core to disengage from its original sealing position. After the valve core moves, the release port of the TPRD assembly 4 is opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen gas in the bottle is quickly discharged. The structural design of the pressure balancing piston 44 allows the system pressure to be gradually released through the inclined hole 48 during the release process, avoiding damage to the assembly due to instantaneous pressure difference.

[0071] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves reliable opening of the manual relief valve assembly 6 via mechanical transmission when the TPRD assembly 4 fails or requires active intervention, ensuring the safe relief capability of the large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder under overpressure or emergency conditions. The separate design of the manual operation mechanism and the automatic relief assembly avoids system risks caused by a single failure mode.

[0072] In this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "vertical," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only used for the clarity of expressing the technical solution and for the convenience of description, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0073] In this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0074] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A valve for a large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinder, comprising a valve body (1), and an inlet assembly (2), a supply assembly (3), a TPRD assembly (4), a manual shut-off valve assembly (5), and a manual release valve assembly (6) disposed on the valve body (1); characterized in that, The air intake assembly (2) and the air supply assembly (3) use independent pipelines, and the temperature-sensing glass ball (42) of the TPRD assembly (4) is limited by the pressure balance piston (44).

2. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake assembly (2) is enclosed in the air intake port (21) on the end face of the valve body (1). The air intake port (21) is connected to one end of the air intake channel (22) provided inside the valve body (1), and the other end of the air intake channel (22) is connected to the air intake pipe unit provided at the bottom of the valve body (1). The intake pipe unit includes an intake pipe (23). One end of the intake pipe (23) is located at the bottom of the valve body (1) via an intake valve seat (24). An intake check valve (25) is provided inside the intake valve seat (24). The intake check valve (25) opens / closes the other end of the intake passage (22) via a first spring (26). The other end of the intake pipe (23) is provided with a bent pipe section for extending into the hydrogen storage bottle. The connection between the air intake pipe (23) and the air intake valve seat (24) is provided with a nut (27) for adjusting the orientation of the bend section, and a swirl generator (28) is provided inside the air intake pipe (13).

3. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply assembly (3) includes a flow limiting valve unit, a solenoid valve unit, and a gas supply interface unit; The flow limiting valve unit includes a flow limiting valve seat (71) connected to the valve body (1). A flow limiting valve filter (72) and a flow limiting valve core (73) are provided at the air inlet end of the flow limiting valve seat (71). The flow limiting valve core (73) is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the air inlet end of the flow limiting valve seat (71) through a second spring (74). A flow limiting valve one-way valve core (75) is provided at the air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat (71). The flow limiting valve one-way valve core (75) is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat (71) through a third spring (76). The air outlet end of the flow limiting valve seat (71) is connected to the solenoid valve unit through an air supply pipeline (77).

4. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solenoid valve unit includes a stainless steel shell (81) connected to the valve body (1) to form an air supply chamber. A solenoid valve seat (82) is provided inside the stainless steel shell (81). The air inlet end of the solenoid valve seat (82) is connected to the air supply pipeline (77). A solenoid valve core (83) is provided at the air inlet end of the solenoid valve seat (82). The end of the solenoid valve core (83) is connected to the moving iron core (84). A fourth spring (85) is provided at the end of the moving iron core (84) for pressing the solenoid valve core (83) against the air inlet sealing surface of the solenoid valve seat (82). The moving iron core (84) has a coil (86) on its outer side and a stationary iron core (87) on its top. The stationary iron core (87) is fixedly installed on the end of the stainless steel shell (81) by an end cap (88). A signal terminal (89) is provided on the stationary iron core (87), and the signal terminal (89) is connected to the connector (810). The outlet end of the solenoid valve seat (82) is connected to the air supply interface unit.

5. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas supply interface unit includes a filter assembly (91) and a gas supply connector (92); The filter assembly (91) is fixedly installed on the valve body (1) via a gas supply connector (92). The gas inlet end of the gas supply connector (92) is connected to the gas outlet end of the solenoid valve seat (82) via a pipeline. The gas outlet end of the filter assembly (91) is used to connect to the hydrogen system pipeline.

6. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 1, characterized in that, The TPRD assembly (4) includes a TPRD housing (41) fixedly connected to the valve body (1); The TPRD housing (41) is provided with a temperature-sensing glass ball (42). One end of the temperature-sensing glass ball (42) is limited and installed in the TPRD housing (41) by a protective sleeve (43), and the other end of the temperature-sensing glass ball (42) is limited and installed by a pressure-balancing piston (44). The first end of the pressure balancing piston (44) is pressed against the other end of the temperature-sensing glass ball (42) by the fifth spring (45), and the second end of the pressure balancing piston (44) extends into the internal channel of the valve body (1). The pressure-bearing area of ​​the second end of the pressure balancing piston (44) is 3 / 4 of the pressure-bearing area of ​​the first end of the pressure balancing piston (44). The internal channel is connected to the inclined hole (48). One end of the inclined hole (48) is provided with a sealing plug (46), and the other end of the inclined hole (48) is connected to the discharge channel (47).

7. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body (1) is provided with a tool slot (11), and a venting tool (12) is provided in the tool slot (11). The venting tool (12) is used to operate the manual shut-off valve assembly (5) and the manual shut-off valve assembly (6).

8. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 7, characterized in that, The manual shut-off valve assembly (5) includes a first channel (51) disposed on the valve body (1), a shut-off valve cover (52) is provided at the outer end of the first channel (51), a shut-off valve stem (53) is provided in the first channel (51), the end of the shut-off valve stem (53) is connected to the shut-off valve core (54) and is used to push the shut-off valve core (54) to move to close the channel between the solenoid valve unit and the air supply interface unit.

9. The bottle neck valve for large-capacity hydrogen storage cylinders according to claim 7, characterized in that, The manual relief valve assembly (6) includes a second channel (61) disposed on the valve body (1), a relief valve cover (62) is provided at the outer end of the second channel (61), a relief valve stem (63) is provided in the second channel (61), the end of the relief valve stem (63) is connected to the relief valve core (64) and is used to push the relief valve core (64) to move to open the relief channel (47) of the TPRD assembly (4).

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