An HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system and its power consumption optimization method

Abstract

This invention discloses an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system and its power consumption optimization method to reduce power consumption and improve reliability while meeting communication requirements. The steps include: S1, the STA module and the CCO module form a dual-channel network at the highest power consumption level, and the key relay nodes are identified based on the network topology, with the STAs of these key nodes locked at the highest power consumption level; S2, based on real-time channel quality, non-uniform power consumption levels with smaller intervals are dynamically generated for high-interference environments; S3, non-critical nodes are gradually downgraded, and back off if the packet loss rate exceeds a threshold; S4, the channel delay variance is calculated, and the channel with the smaller variance is selected as the preferred channel; S5, different communication modes are activated according to the categories of routine, important, and urgent information; S6, in case of disconnection, the relay node is reconnected based on historical network data using a weighted selection method. This method adapts to environmental changes, accurately optimizes power consumption, and ensures stable communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power Internet of Things (IoT) communication technology, and in particular to an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system and its power consumption optimization method. Background Technology

[0002] The successful application of the low-voltage distribution network user electricity consumption information collection system has enabled electricity meter reading to transition from manual on-site reading to remote automatic meter reading. With the advancement of the electricity consumption information collection system, the requirements for remote automatic meter reading are becoming increasingly stringent. For example, while early meter reading tasks only required once a day, now they are required once an hour, and in many areas, once every 15 minutes. The success rate requirement for remote automatic meter reading has also increased from over 95% to over 99%, with some areas already piloting 100% success rates. Furthermore, the number of information items to be read is increasing, and the data volume is growing significantly. To meet these demands, remote automatic meter reading technology has evolved from early narrowband power line carrier technology to broadband power line carrier technology, then to high-speed power line carrier (HPLC), and now it has entered the era of HPLC+HRF (high-speed power line carrier + high-speed low-power wireless) dual-mode communication technology.

[0003] The advantage of the HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system is that both the HPLC and HRF channels can be networked independently for communication. In low-voltage distribution areas with complex power grids, high interference, and poor wired carrier communication quality, the dual-mode communication system, by adding a low-power wireless communication channel, can effectively improve the success rate of power consumption information acquisition under high-frequency acquisition and the reliability of communication under special conditions. Therefore, in recent years, HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication technology has gradually replaced HPLC single-mode communication technology and has been widely used in low-voltage distribution network areas, with tens of millions of dual-mode communication modules installed in the field.

[0004] Compared to HPLC single-mode communication networks, the HPLC+HRF dual-mode dual-network mode, while improving acquisition success rate and communication reliability, undoubtedly increases power consumption. In the field environment, only a small portion of the stations experience significant line interference and poor wired carrier signals. If dual-network communication is used indiscriminately, operating two channels for communication tasks that only require a single channel is a waste of energy. When the number of dual-mode communication modules in use reaches hundreds of millions, even assuming a 50% necessity for dual-mode operation, the total energy waste will be considerable. Since the energy consumed on the lines is borne by the power grid company, the wasted energy is essentially a loss for the power grid company. One proposed solution is to shut down or put into sleep mode when dual-channel communication is not needed, and then activate or wake it up when required, thus reducing system power consumption. This solution has some energy-saving effect, but reactivating or waking up another channel requires re-networking, which may encounter situations where timely network access is not possible, thus affecting normal communication. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system and its power consumption optimization method, aiming to solve the problem that the power consumption of dual-mode communication systems in current power information acquisition systems cannot be adapted to the field environment, thereby reducing power consumption while meeting system task requirements, saving energy and reducing losses for power grid companies.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a power consumption optimization method for an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, the STA module and the CCO module form a dual-channel network at the highest power consumption level. Based on the network topology after networking, the key relay nodes are identified and the STA of the key nodes is locked at the highest power consumption level.

[0008] S2, based on the real-time channel quality parameters of the STA module, dynamically generates non-uniformly distributed power consumption thresholds, wherein the threshold interval in high interference environment is smaller than that in low interference environment.

[0009] S3, non-critical STA nodes perform gradient power reduction test, verify link stability after each reduction, and if the packet loss rate is greater than the preset threshold, it will fall back to the previous level.

[0010] S4. Select the preferred channel through bidirectional time delay jitter analysis, calculate the time delay variance of HPLC and HRF channels, and select the channel with smaller variance as the preferred channel.

[0011] S5, activate differentiated communication modes according to information category;

[0012] S6, when the STA is disconnected from the CCO, the topology-aware reconnection mechanism is activated. Based on historical network data, the adjacent STA with the best signal quality is selected as the relay node, and the network is re-established by returning to S1.

[0013] Furthermore, S2 specifically includes:

[0014] The signal-to-noise ratio of the HPLC channel and the received signal strength of the HRF channel are acquired in real time as joint channel quality parameters, and the channel degradation coefficient is calculated based on the acquired data through a nonlinear mapping function.

[0015] The working environment is divided into high, medium and low interference based on the degradation coefficient, and threshold intervals are set for each level.

[0016] By collecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the HPLC channel and the received signal strength of the HRF channel in real time as a joint channel quality parameter, it can more comprehensively reflect the actual channel state of dual-mode communication than a single parameter judgment. Combined with the channel degradation coefficient calculated by the nonlinear mapping function, the degree of interference can be scientifically quantified, avoiding the bias of subjective classification of environmental interference levels. At the same time, setting a smaller threshold interval for high interference environment can prevent the link from being disconnected due to excessive single downgrading, reducing reconnection energy consumption. Setting a larger interval for low interference environment can quickly approach the optimal low power consumption range, reducing invalid test energy consumption, and ultimately achieving precise matching between power consumption level and real-time channel quality.

[0017] Furthermore, S3 specifically includes:

[0018] After downgrading, a test frame containing the sequence number is sent to the CCO, and the percentage of frames lost within a preset time is counted.

[0019] If the packet loss rate exceeds a preset threshold or the received signal quality index drops below a second threshold, the fallback mechanism is triggered.

[0020] Furthermore, S3 also includes:

[0021] Record the historical stability score and the historical average channel degradation coefficient when the level is working stably for each level, thereby establishing a mapping table between level stability score and channel degradation coefficient. When the system restarts or reconnects, it prioritizes the level with high historical stability score and the difference between the current channel degradation coefficient and the historical average channel degradation coefficient within the preset range for downgrading.

[0022] By sending test frames with sequence numbers to statistically analyze packet loss rate and combining this with the received signal quality index to determine link stability, this approach more accurately identifies the actual communication quality of low-power levels compared to simply determining whether a connection is established. This avoids the hidden performance overhead of repeated retransmissions due to high packet loss rates despite a connected link. When packet loss rate or signal quality fails to meet standards, a fallback mechanism is triggered to quickly restore stable communication and reduce high-power reconnection after link disconnection. By recording the historical stability scores and corresponding channel degradation coefficients for each level and establishing a mapping table, the system can prioritize levels with good historical performance and suitable for the current channel conditions during system restarts or reconnections. This significantly reduces the repetitive gradient power reduction testing process, which not only speeds up power adjustment after system recovery or reconnection and reduces additional power consumption during adjustment, but also improves the accuracy of level selection based on historical data, further optimizing power control efficiency.

[0023] Furthermore, S4 specifically includes:

[0024] Several sets of variable-length test frames were sent in the HPLC and HRF channels, respectively.

[0025] Calculate the time delay variance of each channel, select the channel with the smaller time delay variance as the preferred channel, and select the HPLC channel by default when the time delay variance of both channels is less than the third threshold.

[0026] By sending variable-length test frames to simulate communication scenarios with different data volumes, the system calculates the latency variance instead of just comparing the average latency. This allows for the accurate identification of unstable channels with short average latency but high jitter, preventing subsequent communication retransmissions due to channel fluctuations (which increase energy consumption). Selecting the channel with smaller variance as the preferred channel improves communication stability. When both channels are stable, the HPLC channel is selected by default, reducing the interference risk of blindly selecting the wireless HRF channel. The stable preferred channel provides support for subsequent single-channel communication, thus reducing power consumption.

[0027] Furthermore, S5 specifically includes:

[0028] Regular information commands: CCO dual-channel broadcast commands, STA dual-channel reception, STA replies through preferred channel at the current operating level. If STA still receives repeated commands within the set time period, power ramp-up retransmission is initiated. Each time STA receives a retransmission command, the power level is increased by one level until the highest power level is reached. If STA still receives repeated commands when the current operating channel power level is increased to the highest power level, it switches to the highest power level of dual channels to reply.

[0029] Important information command: CCO sends through dual channels, STA receives through dual channels, STA replies with confirmation through the preferred channel at the highest power level. If STA still receives repeated commands within the set time period, it will switch to reply with the highest power level of dual channels.

[0030] Emergency Information Command: The STA sends an alarm data packet at the highest power level of the dual channels, splitting the data into M sub-packets. Each sub-packet is appended with QM erasure coding packets, where Q is the total number of data blocks after erasure coding. The dual channels transmit independently. The CCO can reconstruct the data upon receiving any M sub-packets and reply with confirmation via both channels.

[0031] For routine information, the CCO uses dual-channel broadcasting to ensure no command is missed. The STA responds using the preferred channel at its current operating level and employs power ramp-up retransmission to avoid initial high power consumption. It only gradually ramps up when necessary, adapting to the high frequency and low reliability requirements of the information and maximizing energy savings. For critical information, the CCO identifies retransmission commands and only switches to the highest power consumption of the dual channels when a duplicate is confirmed, avoiding the energy waste of blindly activating the dual channels while ensuring the reliability of command execution. For urgent information, erasure coding is used to split the data and transmit it through dual channels. The CCO can reconstruct the data upon receiving any M sub-packets, significantly reducing the energy consumption of full retransmission due to the loss of individual packets. The highest power consumption of the dual channels ensures timeliness, perfectly matching the different needs of the three types of information and achieving a balance between power consumption and reliability.

[0032] Furthermore, S6 specifically includes:

[0033] Establish a historical network database to store signal quality parameters of adjacent STAs, including historical average signal-to-noise ratio, connection success rate, and average relay delay;

[0034] A weighted scoring model is used to calculate the score of candidate relay nodes. The candidate node with the highest score is selected as the relay node. If the node with the highest score fails to connect, the nodes are tried in descending order of score. At the same time, the historical degradation mark count of the failed node is increased, and its weight coefficient is reduced during the next reconnection.

[0035] Furthermore, the weighted scoring model is as follows:

[0036] ;

[0037] in, The overall score for node u;

[0038] For signal-to-noise ratio weights;

[0039] The historical average signal-to-noise ratio;

[0040] Weighted by success rate;

[0041] For historical connection success rate;

[0042] For delay weighting;

[0043] This represents the historical average relay latency.

[0044] A historical network database is established to store the signal quality parameters of adjacent STAs. During reconnection, it is not necessary to rescan all nodes. Combined with a weighted scoring model, the optimal relay node is quickly selected, reducing the energy consumption of scanning tests and the number of connection attempts, and significantly shortening the reconnection time (reducing the energy consumption of high-power retries during disconnection). By trying candidate nodes in descending order of scores and adding degradation marks and reducing the weight of failed nodes, the reconnection success rate can be improved, avoiding the unnecessary energy consumption of repeatedly trying high-failure-rate nodes. Prioritizing the selection of the optimal adjacent STA as a relay can quickly restore local network connectivity, avoid large-scale STA re-networking due to disconnection (increasing overall energy consumption), maintain network topology continuity, and ensure that the system can efficiently restore stable communication after disconnection.

[0045] Furthermore, S6 also includes implementing a reconnection strategy based on the different types of disconnections:

[0046] Before disconnection, the CCO is directly connected: existing relay nodes are selected first and then connected in order of their scores. If there are no existing relay nodes, ordinary adjacent STAs are selected as new relay nodes and connected in order of their scores.

[0047] Disconnection occurs between the STA and the relay node: First, try to reconnect to the original relay node. If that fails, try to connect to other existing relay nodes. If all fail, select a normal adjacent STA as the new relay node to try to connect.

[0048] Disconnection occurs between a relay node and a CCO: the original relay node first attempts to connect to other existing relays, and if that fails, it selects a normal adjacent STA as a new relay node to attempt a connection, forming a multi-level relay.

[0049] Differentiated reconnection strategies are implemented based on different disconnection types, allowing for the selection of the most suitable reconnection path for scenarios such as direct connection disconnection, STA-to-relay disconnection, and relay-to-CCO disconnection. This targeted strategy minimizes reconnection time and reduces unnecessary power consumption during the reconnection process. Furthermore, by employing multi-level relays and other methods, the reconnection success rate is improved, enhancing the system's robustness and power control efficiency in complex disconnection scenarios.

[0050] Secondly, the present invention also provides an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system, including a concentrator, several energy meters, and a system master station.

[0051] The concentrator is connected to the system master station via remote communication;

[0052] The concentrator is equipped with a CCO dual-mode communication module and a first clock chip, and the first clock chip provides a time reference signal to the CCO dual-mode communication module.

[0053] The energy meter is equipped with a STA dual-mode communication module and a second clock chip, and the second clock chip provides a time reference signal to the STA dual-mode communication module.

[0054] The CCO dual-mode communication module and each STA dual-mode communication module establish a dual-mode communication link through the HPLC high-speed power line carrier channel and the HRF high-speed low-power wireless channel.

[0055] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The power consumption optimization method of this HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system achieves a precise balance between power consumption and communication performance through a whole-process collaborative design: First, non-uniform power consumption levels are dynamically generated using the joint channel quality parameters of the HPLC and HRF channels, and gradient downgrading tests are conducted on non-critical nodes to ensure that the STA module adapts to the lowest power consumption under the premise of stable networking; then, the stable preferred channel is selected through time delay variance analysis, laying the foundation for efficient single-channel communication; subsequently, differentiated modes are activated according to the importance of information—normal information increases power consumption as needed, important information precisely triggers dual channels, and emergency information relies on erasure coding to reduce retransmissions, avoiding redundant energy consumption; when the connection is lost, the optimal relay is quickly selected for reconnection based on historical networking data, reducing the cost of high-power reconstruction. The overall solution not only meets the requirements of improving the success rate of remote meter reading, the reliability of control commands, and the timeliness of emergency information, but also minimizes the power consumption of STA modules and the total energy consumption of the system through full-chain management of network optimization, channel selection, mode adaptation, and efficient reconnection, effectively saving energy, reducing losses for power grid companies, and aligning with the goal of building a resource-saving society. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this drawing or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this drawing. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-mode system structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided by this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a power consumption optimization method for an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system, specifically including the following steps:

[0061] S1, the STA module forms a dual-channel network with the CCO module at the highest power consumption level. Based on the network topology after networking, it identifies key relay nodes and locks the STA of the key nodes at the highest power consumption level.

[0062] After the STA modules and CCO modules are networked, there will be two connection states. One is that the network channel quality is good and the signal interference is small, and all STA modules are directly connected to the CCO module; the other is that the network channel quality is average and the signal has some interference in a local area, in which case some STA modules are directly connected to the CCO module, and some STA modules are connected to the CCO module through other STA modules in a proxy mode (PCO), that is, through a relay node.

[0063] CCO constructs the topology in the following ways:

[0064] The CCO broadcasts a neighbor detection command to all STAs. Upon receiving the command, each STA reports a list of neighboring STAs that it can communicate with (including signal strength).

[0065] Based on the reported data, CCO constructs a topology graph using the minimum spanning tree algorithm (nodes: CCO+STA; edges: communication links between nodes).

[0066] Topology map update frequency: updated every 30 minutes to adapt to the addition, removal or location change of nodes in the transformer area.

[0067] During network setup, if a STA cannot directly connect to the CCO, it will automatically search for the most suitable relay node (routing link) to establish a connection with the CCO, which may involve multiple levels of relays. Once the network is set up, if a STA assumes the relay function, i.e., that STA is a key relay node, it will be marked as locked. In subsequent downgrade tests, all downgrade commands will be ignored, and the highest power consumption level will always be maintained.

[0068] S2, based on the real-time channel quality parameters of the STA module, dynamically generates non-uniformly distributed power consumption thresholds, where the threshold interval in high interference environment is smaller than that in low interference environment.

[0069] Specifically, the signal-to-noise ratio of the HPLC channel and the received signal strength of the HRF channel are collected in real time as joint channel quality parameters, and the channel degradation coefficient is calculated based on the collected data through a nonlinear mapping function; based on the degradation coefficient, the working environment is divided into high, medium and low interference, and threshold intervals are set for each level.

[0070] The channel characteristics of HPLC and HRF differ significantly: HPLC relies on power line transmission and is greatly affected by line noise and impedance changes. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the core indicator reflecting its signal quality.

[0071] HRF relies on wireless signal transmission and is greatly affected by distance, obstruction, and electromagnetic interference. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is the core indicator reflecting its coverage capability.

[0072] A single parameter cannot fully reflect the actual channel state of dual-mode communication. Therefore, "SNR+RSSI" is chosen as the joint channel quality parameter to achieve a precise two-dimensional characterization of the channel state.

[0073] The channel degradation coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

[0074] ;

[0075] in, For HPLC channel weighting coefficients;

[0076] These are the HRF channel weighting coefficients;

[0077] This is the channel degradation coefficient;

[0078] k is the signal-to-noise ratio attenuation factor;

[0079] SNR HPLC Signal-to-noise ratio of HPLC channels;

[0080] RSSI HRF The received signal strength of the HRF channel;

[0081] To prevent the removal of the zero constant.

[0082] Based on the channel degradation coefficient, the environment is divided into three categories: high, medium, and low interference. The power consumption value of the STA module as certified by the testing agency is the highest power consumption value, and the power consumption value of the CCO module of the concentrator as certified by the testing agency is the normal power consumption value of the CCO module.

[0083] S3, non-critical nodes STA perform gradient power reduction test, verify link stability after each reduction, and if the packet loss rate is greater than the preset threshold, it will fall back to the previous level.

[0084] Specifically, after downgrading, a test frame containing a sequence number is sent to the CCO, and the percentage of lost frames within a preset time is counted. If the packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold or the received signal quality index drops beyond the second threshold, a fallback mechanism is triggered. The historical stability score of each level is recorded, and the level with the highest score is selected as the working level.

[0085] Non-critical nodes are initially set to the highest power consumption level, and power consumption is gradually reduced at intervals set in S2. After each reduction, a stability test is performed.

[0086] The STA sends 100 test frames containing unique sequence numbers to the CCO;

[0087] After receiving the data, the CCO sends a list of received sequence numbers to the STA, and the STA calculates the packet loss rate.

[0088] Simultaneously, the signal quality index of the current gear is collected, such as the RSSI of HRF and the SNR of HPLC. If the decrease exceeds the second threshold (e.g., 10%) compared to before the gear downgrade, the link is determined to be unstable.

[0089] If the packet loss rate is less than or equal to the preset packet loss rate threshold and the signal quality index drops to less than or equal to the second threshold, then continue to downgrade and repeat the stability test.

[0090] If the packet loss rate is greater than the preset packet loss rate threshold or the received signal quality index drops beyond the second threshold, the fallback mechanism is triggered, and the signal immediately rises back to the previous level and stops falling.

[0091] If the system remains stable even when downshifted to the lowest gear, then the lowest gear will be used as the operating gear.

[0092] Record the historical stability score and the historical average channel degradation coefficient when the level is stable for each level, thereby establishing a mapping table between level stability score and channel degradation coefficient. In subsequent restarts or reconnections, priority is given to levels with high historical stability scores and where the difference between the current channel degradation coefficient and the historical average channel degradation coefficient is within a preset range, reducing repeated testing. The historical stability score is calculated using the following formula:

[0093] ;

[0094] in, Score for gear stability;

[0095] To stabilize working hours;

[0096] Total working hours;

[0097] This is a packet loss penalty factor;

[0098] This refers to the packet loss rate.

[0099] Specifically, after reconfiguration, the mapping table between tier stability score and channel degradation coefficient is queried, and tiers with historical STA stability scores higher than the preset stability score threshold are selected as candidates. The current channel degradation coefficient calculated by S2 is compared with the historical average channel degradation coefficient, and the tier with a high historical stability score and the difference between the two within the allowable range is selected as the working tier candidate, and a rapid verification test is performed on it. If the verification fails, the gradient upgrade test is performed starting from the candidate working tier with the highest historical stability score (which also satisfies the requirement that the difference between the current channel degradation coefficient and the historical average channel degradation coefficient is within the allowable range). If there is no matching tier, the gradient downgrade test is performed starting from the highest tier.

[0100] S4. Select the preferred channel through bidirectional time delay jitter analysis, calculate the time delay variance of HPLC and HRF channels, and select the channel with smaller variance as the preferred channel.

[0101] Specifically, several sets of variable-length test frames are sent to the HPLC and HRF channels respectively; the time delay variance of each channel is calculated, and the channel with the smaller time delay variance is selected as the preferred channel. When the time delay variance of both channels is less than the third threshold, the HPLC channel is selected by default.

[0102] To simulate different data volume scenarios in actual communication, multiple sets of variable-length test frames were sent in the HPLC and HRF channels respectively.

[0103] When the STA sends a test frame, it appends its own clock chip time T1. After receiving the CCO, it appends its own timestamp T2 and immediately sends it back. After receiving the STA, it records the timestamp T3. The round-trip delay di = T3 - T1.

[0104] The variance of the round-trip delay for each set of test frames is calculated to reflect the degree of channel jitter. The specific formula is as follows:

[0105] ;

[0106] ;

[0107] in, This represents the channel delay variance.

[0108] This represents the average round-trip time.

[0109] Let $\frac{i}{i}$ be the round-trip time for the $i$-th test.

[0110] N is the number of test frame groups;

[0111] c. Communication channel identifier, including HPLC or HRF channels.

[0112] Compare the time delay variances of HPLC and HRF channels, and select the channel with the smaller time delay variance as the preferred channel; if the time delay variances of both channels are less than the third threshold, the HPLC channel is selected by default because HPLC is transmitted through power lines, is less susceptible to external wireless interference, and has higher long-term stability; the channel selection is re-executed every fixed time interval to adapt to channel changes.

[0113] S5, activate differentiated communication modes according to information category:

[0114] Regular information commands: The CCO broadcasts commands through dual channels, and the STA receives them through dual channels. The STA replies through the preferred channel at its current operating level. If the STA still receives repeated commands within the set time period, it indicates that the channel may have been interfered with during information transmission, causing the CCO to not receive a reply. The CCO will then resend the command, initiating a power ramp-up retransmission. Each time the STA receives a retransmission command, the power level increases by one level until it reaches the highest power level. If the STA still receives repeated commands when the current operating channel's power level has increased to the highest power level, it will switch to the highest power level of both channels to reply. If the CCO does not receive a reply from the STA within the set acquisition period, the CCO will report the acquisition failure to the system master station through the concentrator.

[0115] Regular information consists of electricity consumption data collection instructions sent from the system master station to the STA via the CCO, such as voltage, current, electricity consumption, and load curves of the electricity meter. This is the most frequent communication information in the system, and the requirements for reliability and timeliness are generally not high.

[0116] Important information command: CCO sends through dual channels, STA receives through dual channels. STA replies with confirmation through the preferred channel at the highest power level. If STA still receives repeated commands within the set time period, it switches to the highest power level of dual channels to reply. If the number of times CCO repeatedly sends commands reaches the limit or CCO still does not receive a reply confirmation from STA within the preset time interval, CCO replies to the master station through the concentrator that this execution failed.

[0117] Important information consists of control-related commands sent from the system master station to the STA via the CCO, such as power outages due to user non-payment and power restoration upon user payment. This type of information is not common, but it has high reliability requirements and moderate timeliness requirements.

[0118] Emergency Information Command: The STA sends an alarm data packet at the highest power level of both channels, splitting the data into M sub-packets. Each sub-packet is appended with QM erasure coding packets, where Q is the total number of data blocks after erasure coding. The data is transmitted independently through both channels. The CCO can reconstruct the data upon receiving any M sub-packets and will reply with confirmation through both channels. If no confirmation message is received from the CCO within a preset time, the STA will continue to repeatedly send the relevant information through both channels at the highest power level until it receives confirmation message from the CCO.

[0119] Emergency information is alarm-related information sent by the STA to the system master station via the CCO, such as illegal opening of the electricity meter, power failure of the electricity meter, and line fault reporting. Such information is not common, but it requires high reliability and timeliness.

[0120] S6, when the STA is disconnected from the CCO, the topology-aware reconnection mechanism is activated. Based on historical network data, the adjacent STA with the best signal quality is selected as the relay node, and the network is re-established by returning to S1.

[0121] Specifically, a historical network database is established and maintained locally on the STA to store the signal quality parameters, basic information, and degradation marking records of each adjacent STA. The signal quality parameters include the historical average signal-to-noise ratio, connection success rate, and average relay delay. The basic information includes the device ID and whether it is a marked relay node. The degradation marking records include the historical number of connection failures (i.e., degradation marking count) of each adjacent STA and the corresponding weight coefficient adjustment records. During the period when the STA maintains a normal connection with the CCO, the database is synchronized and updated from the CCO side through periodic network signaling interaction to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the data.

[0122] Based on the local historical network database, STA uses a weighted scoring model to calculate the score of candidate relay nodes and selects the candidate node with the highest score as the relay node. If the node with the highest score fails to connect, it will try in descending order of score. At the same time, the historical degradation mark count of the failed node will be increased, and its weight coefficient will be reduced during the next reconnection.

[0123] The candidate relay score is calculated using the following formula:

[0124] ;

[0125] in, The overall score for node u;

[0126] For signal-to-noise ratio weights;

[0127] The historical average signal-to-noise ratio;

[0128] Weighted by success rate;

[0129] For historical connection success rate;

[0130] For delay weighting;

[0131] This represents the historical average relay latency.

[0132] The system attempts to connect to candidate relays in descending order of scores. If the connection is successful, such as if node A connects successfully, the system immediately re-networks with the CCO through that relay and returns to S1 to execute subsequent procedures. If the connection fails, such as if node A times out, the historical degradation marker count for node A is incremented by 1. During the next reconnection, the weight coefficient of node A is reduced to decrease its priority selection probability. The system then continues to try the next node with the highest score.

[0133] Furthermore, after detecting a disconnection with the CCO, the STA first determines its own connection status and power level before the disconnection, and then executes the corresponding reconnection procedure:

[0134] 1) If the connection was directly connected to CCO before the disconnection:

[0135] STA calls the local database to filter candidate nodes, prioritizing neighboring STAs that have been marked as relay nodes. If such candidate relay nodes exist, a weighted scoring model is used based on the local database to calculate the candidate relay score.

[0136] Sort by score in descending order, and attempt to connect at the highest power consumption level in turn:

[0137] If the connection is successful, immediately reconnect with the CCO through the relay and return to S1 to execute the subsequent process;

[0138] If the connection fails, increment the degradation mark count for that node by 1, reduce its weight coefficient during the next reconnection, and continue to try the next candidate relay node with the highest score.

[0139] If there is no existing relay node, select the ordinary adjacent STA with the best signal quality from the local database as the new relay node, and attempt to connect according to the weighted score in descending order and the highest power consumption level. After a successful connection, mark the node as a relay node and lock the highest power consumption level, and then return to S1 to execute the subsequent process.

[0140] 2) If the connection was established via a relay node before the disconnection, and the disconnection occurred between the STA and the relay node:

[0141] Prioritize reconnecting to the original relay node by initiating the connection at the highest power level. If the connection is successful, return to S1 to execute the subsequent process; if the connection fails, increment the degradation mark count of the original relay node by 1 and reduce its weight coefficient.

[0142] The local database is called to filter other adjacent STAs that have been marked as relay nodes as candidate relay nodes, and attempts to connect to them in descending order of weighted score and highest power consumption level.

[0143] If there are no other existing relay nodes, select ordinary adjacent STAs as new relay nodes, attempt to connect in descending order of score and highest power consumption, mark the relay node after success, and return to S1 to execute the subsequent process.

[0144] 3) If the connection was established via a relay node before the disconnection, and the disconnection occurred between the relay node and the CCO:

[0145] Since the relay node has locked the highest power consumption level, it directly calls the local database to filter candidate relay nodes, forming two or more levels of relays, and prioritizes filtering other adjacent STAs that have been marked as relay nodes.

[0146] The candidate relay nodes are connected in descending order of weighted score and then in order of highest power consumption. After a successful connection, the new relay node is used to re-network with the CCO.

[0147] If the connection fails, a normal adjacent STA is selected as the new relay node to attempt a connection, forming a multi-level relay; then the process returns to S1 to execute the subsequent procedures.

[0148] If the STA fails to establish a connection with the CCO through the original relay node within the set time, the degradation mark count of the original relay node is incremented by 1, and its weight coefficient is reduced.

[0149] The STA calls the local database to filter other neighboring STAs that have been marked as relay nodes as candidate relay nodes, and attempts to connect to them in descending order of weighted score and highest power consumption level.

[0150] If there are no other existing relay nodes, select ordinary adjacent STAs as new relay nodes, attempt to connect by ranking them in descending order of score and highest power consumption, mark them as relay nodes after a successful connection, and then return to S1 to execute the subsequent process.

[0151] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system, including a concentrator, several energy meters, and a system master station.

[0152] The concentrator is connected to the system master station via remote communication;

[0153] The concentrator is equipped with a CCO dual-mode communication module and a first clock chip, and the first clock chip provides a time reference signal to the CCO dual-mode communication module.

[0154] The energy meter is equipped with a STA dual-mode communication module and a second clock chip, and the second clock chip provides a time reference signal to the STA dual-mode communication module.

[0155] The CCO dual-mode communication module and each STA dual-mode communication module establish a dual-mode communication link through the HPLC high-speed power line carrier channel and the HRF high-speed low-power wireless channel.

[0156] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments that have the same structure and perform the same effects as the technical concept within the scope of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are also included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power consumption optimization method for a HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system, characterized in that, Comprise: S1, the STA module carries out double-channel networking with the CCO module at the highest power consumption gear, identifies the relay key node according to the network topology after networking, and locks the STA of the key node as the highest power consumption gear; S2, based on the real-time channel quality parameter of the STA module, the non-uniform distribution power consumption gear threshold is dynamically generated, wherein the gear threshold interval in the high interference environment is less than that in the low interference environment; S3, the non-key node STA executes gradient power consumption test, verifies the link stability after each gear down, and falls back to the last gear if the packet loss rate is greater than the preset threshold; S4, the preferred channel is selected through bidirectional time delay jitter analysis, the time delay variance of HPLC and HRF channels is calculated, and the channel with smaller variance is selected as the preferred channel; S5, activate the differential communication mode according to the information category, including: Normal information instruction: CCO double-channel broadcast instruction, STA double-channel reception, STA replies through the preferred channel at the current working gear, if the STA still receives repeated instructions within the set time period, then start power consumption climbing retransmission, STA power consumption gear is upgraded by one level every time it receives a retransmission instruction until it reaches the highest power consumption gear, if the current working channel power consumption gear is upgraded to the highest power consumption gear, and the STA still receives repeated instructions, then switch to double-channel highest power consumption gear reply; Important information instruction: CCO double-channel sending, STA double-channel receiving, STA replies through the preferred channel at the highest power consumption gear, if the STA still receives repeated instructions within the set time period, then switch to double-channel highest power consumption gear reply; Emergency information instruction: STA sends alarm data packet at double-channel highest power consumption gear, splits the data into M sub-packets, each sub-packet is attached with Q-M error correction code packets, Q is the total number of data blocks after error correction code encoding, double-channel independent transmission, CCO can reconstruct data as long as it receives any M sub-packets, and replies confirmation through double-channel; S6, when the STA is disconnected with the CCO, start topology awareness reconnection mechanism, preferentially select the adjacent STA with the best signal quality as the relay node based on historical networking data, and return to S1 to re-network.

2. The power consumption optimization method of a HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 1, wherein, S2 specifically comprises: Real-time acquisition of the signal-to-noise ratio of HPLC channel and the received signal strength of HRF channel as joint channel quality parameters, and calculation of channel degradation coefficient based on the collected data through a nonlinear mapping function; Based on the degradation coefficient, the working environment is divided into high, medium and low interference, and the gear threshold interval is set respectively.

3. The power consumption optimization method of a HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 1, wherein, S3 specifically comprises: Send a test frame containing a sequence number to CCO after gear down, and calculate the proportion of lost frames within a preset time; If the packet loss rate is greater than the preset threshold or the received signal quality index decreases by more than the second threshold, trigger the fallback mechanism.

4. The power consumption optimization method of a HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 3, wherein, S3 also comprises: Record the historical stability score and the historical average channel degradation coefficient of each gear when it is stably working, thereby establishing a mapping table between the gear stability score and the channel degradation coefficient, and preferentially selecting the gear with high historical stability score and the difference between the current channel degradation coefficient and the historical average channel degradation coefficient within the preset range for gear down when the system is restarted or reconnected.

5. The power consumption optimization method of an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 1, wherein, S4 specifically comprises: Send several groups of variable-length test frames in HPLC and HRF channels respectively; Calculate the time delay variance of each channel, and select the channel with smaller time delay variance as the preferred channel. When the time delay variances of the two channels are both smaller than the third threshold, the HPLC channel is selected by default.

6. The power consumption optimization method of an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 1, wherein, The S6 specifically comprises: A historical networking database is established to store the signal quality parameters of adjacent STAs, including historical average signal-to-noise ratio, connection success rate and average relay time delay; A weighted scoring model is used to calculate the scores of candidate relay nodes, and the candidate node with the highest score is selected as the relay node. If the connection of the node with the highest score fails, the nodes are tried in descending order of scores, and the historical degradation marker count of the failed node is increased, and the weight coefficient of the node is reduced next time.

7. The power consumption optimization method of an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 6, wherein, The weighted scoring model is: ； wherein, is the overall score for node u; Snr is the signal-to-noise ratio weight; is the historical average signal-to-noise ratio; succeβs rate weight; is the historical connection success rate; is a delay weight; is the historical average relay latency.

8. The power consumption optimization method of a HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication system according to claim 6, wherein, The S6 further comprises differentiating the reconnection strategy according to the disconnection type: Before disconnection, the existing relay nodes are preferentially screened and tried to connect in order of relay node scores. If there is no existing relay node, an ordinary adjacent STA is selected as a new relay node and tried to connect in order of ordinary adjacent STA scores. The disconnection occurs between the STA and the relay node: the original relay node is preferentially tried to reconnect, and if it fails, other existing relay nodes are tried to connect. If all of them fail, an ordinary adjacent STA is selected as a new relay node to try to connect. The disconnection occurs between the relay node and the CCO: the original relay node preferentially tries to connect to other existing relays, and if it fails, an ordinary adjacent STA is selected as a new relay node to try to connect, forming a multi-level relay.

9. A HPLC + HRF dual mode communication system characterized by, The system comprises a concentrator, a plurality of electric energy meters and a system master station, The concentrator is connected to the system master station through remote communication; The concentrator is provided with a CCO dual-mode communication module and a first clock chip, and the first clock chip provides a time reference signal to the CCO dual-mode communication module; The electric energy meter is provided with an STA dual-mode communication module and a second clock chip, and the second clock chip provides a time reference signal to the STA dual-mode communication module; The CCO dual-mode communication module and each STA dual-mode communication module establish a dual-mode communication link through an HPLC high-speed power line carrier channel and an HRF high-speed micro-power wireless channel; The power consumption optimization method of the system comprises: S1, the STA module performs dual-channel networking with the CCO module at the highest power consumption gear, and identifies relay key nodes according to the network topology structure after networking, and locks the STA of the key node to the highest power consumption gear; S2, based on the real-time channel quality parameters of the STA module, a non-uniformly distributed power consumption gear threshold is dynamically generated, wherein the gear threshold interval in a high-interference environment is smaller than that in a low-interference environment; S3, the non-key node STA performs gradient power consumption reduction test, and verifies the link stability after each gear reduction. If the packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold, it is rolled back to the previous gear; S4, select the preferred channel through bidirectional time delay jitter analysis, calculate the time delay variance of HPLC and HRF channels, and select the channel with smaller variance as the preferred channel; S5, activate differential communication modes according to information categories, including: Routine information instruction: CCO dual-channel broadcast instruction, STA dual-channel reception, STA replies through the preferred channel at the current working gear, if the STA still receives repeated instructions within the set time period, power consumption climbing retransmission is started, the STA power consumption gear is raised by one level for each received retransmission instruction until the highest power consumption gear is reached, if the STA still receives repeated instructions when the current working channel power consumption gear is raised to the highest power consumption gear, the STA switches to the dual-channel highest power consumption gear reply; Important information instruction: CCO dual-channel transmission, STA dual-channel reception, the STA replies through the preferred channel at the highest power consumption gear, if the STA still receives repeated instructions within the set time period, the STA switches to the dual-channel highest power consumption gear reply; Emergency information instruction: the STA transmits an alarm data packet at the dual-channel highest power consumption gear, the data is split into M sub-packets, each sub-packet is attached with Q-M error correction code packets, Q is the total number of error correction code encoded data blocks, the dual channels are independently transmitted, the CCO can reconstruct the data upon receiving any M sub-packets, and replies with a confirmation through the dual channels; S6, when the STA is disconnected from the CCO, a topology awareness reconnection mechanism is started, the historical networking data is used to preferentially select an adjacent STA with the best signal quality as a relay node, and the process returns to S1 to re-network.

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