Communication method of MUSIM terminal

Abstract

A method for a UE to perform communication is provided. The method comprises: a step of establishing an RRC connection with a first base station; and a step in which the UE is configured as a multiple Universal Subscriber Identity Module (MUSIM) and transmits information on a restricted capability of the UE to the second base station, where the restricted capability of the UE is based on interference generated by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This manual relates to mobile communications. Background Technology

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communication. Numerous proposals have been put forward for LTE objectives, including those aimed at reducing costs for users and providers, improving quality of service, and expanding and improving coverage and system capacity. As upper-layer requirements, 3GPP LTE needs to reduce cost per bit, increase service availability, allow flexible use of frequency bands, have a simple architecture, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption for terminals.

[0003] Requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems have begun to be developed within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components that will be successfully standardized under the new RAT to meet both pressing market demands and the longer-term requirements outlined in the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR should be able to utilize any spectrum band, at least up to 100 GHz, that can be used for wireless communication even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is to address all use cases, requirements, and deployment scenarios with a single technology framework, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). NR should be inherently backward compatible.

[0005] In 5G NR, terminals can apply a maximum output power requirement (or requirement) to determine the transmit power. For example, the maximum output power requirement could be a maximum power reduction (MPR) value.

[0006] Interference between the various SIM communications associated with MUSIM is a problem. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] Capacity limits can be implemented considering interference and other factors. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 An example of a communication system that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device that applies an implementation of the present disclosure is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 An example of a UE that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the communication architecture available in a 6G system.

[0013] Figure 5 An example of an electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0014] Figure 6 It is a wireless communication system.

[0015] Figure 7 The structure of the radio frame used in NR is shown.

[0016] Figure 8 An example of subframe types in NR is shown.

[0017] Figure 9 An example of an RRC connection establishment process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 10 The procedure of the UE disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0019] Figure 11 The procedure for a second base station disclosed in this specification is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following technologies, devices, and systems can be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate Evolution of GSM (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. The evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0021] For ease of description, the implementation of this disclosure is primarily described with respect to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical features of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on mobile communication systems corresponding to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, the aspects of this disclosure, which are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0022] For any terms and techniques used in this disclosure that are not specifically described in this disclosure, please refer to previously published wireless communication standards documents.

[0023] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0024] In this disclosure, a forward slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0025] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in this disclosure may be interpreted as the same as "at least one of A and B".

[0026] Additionally, in the disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0027] Furthermore, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when shown as "Control Information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" can be cited as an example of "Control Information". In other words, "Control Information" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" can be cited as an example of "Control Information". Additionally, even when shown as "Control Information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" can be cited as an example of "Control Information".

[0028] The technical features described individually in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0029] Not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0030] In the following description, this disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise indicated, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or description may denote the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0031] Figure 1 An example of a communication system that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 1 The 5G use cases shown are merely illustrative, and the technical features of this disclosure can be applied to... Figure 1 Other 5G use cases not shown.

[0033] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), (2) Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), and (3) Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Although Figure 1 An example of a 5G network as a network of communication system 1 is shown, but the implementation of this disclosure is not limited to 5G systems and can be applied to future communication systems other than 5G systems.

[0035] BS200 and Network 300 can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0036] Wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. Wireless devices 100a to 100f may include (but are not limited to) robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include televisions, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0037] In this disclosure, wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). For example, a UE may include a cellular phone, smartphone, laptop computer, digital broadcasting terminal, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable multimedia player (PMP), navigation system, Slate PC, tablet PC, ultrabook, vehicle, vehicle with autonomous driving capability, connected car, UAV, AI module, robot, AR device, VR device, MR device, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, IoT device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, weather / environment device, device related to 5G services, or device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0038] For example, a UAV can be an aircraft that flies wirelessly via control signals without a crew.

[0039] For example, a VR device may include means for realizing objects or backgrounds in a virtual world. For example, an AR device may include means for connecting objects or backgrounds in a virtual world to objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, a MR device may include means for incorporating objects or backgrounds in a virtual world into objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, a holographic device may include means for recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using the light interference phenomenon produced when two lasers meet, known as holography, to create a 360-degree stereoscopic image.

[0040] For example, public safety devices may include image relay devices or image devices that can be worn on the user's body.

[0041] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices can be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices can include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0042] For example, a medical device can be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, treating, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device can be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or trauma. For example, a medical device can be a device for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device can be a device for regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for surgery.

[0043] For example, a safety device can be a device installed to prevent potential dangers and maintain safety. For example, a safety device can be a camera, closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0044] For example, a fintech device can be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For instance, a fintech device may include a payment device or a point-of-sale (POS) system.

[0045] For example, weather / environment devices may include devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environment.

[0046] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using 3G, 4G (e.g., LTE), 5G (e.g., NR), and super 5G networks. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can also perform direct communication with each other without going through BS200 / network 300 (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0047] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200 and / or between BS200. In this document, wireless communication / connections can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication or device-to-device (D2D) communication 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. Wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f can send / receive radio signals to each other via wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can send / receive signals via various physical channels. Therefore, at least a portion of the various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes used for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0048] AI refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or the methods that can create it, while machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems solved within AI and the methods for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms that improve the performance of a task through stable experience with that task.

[0049] A robot is a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task through its own capabilities. In particular, robots capable of recognizing their environment and autonomously determining the actions they must perform can be called intelligent robots. Depending on their purpose or field of use, robots can be classified as industrial, medical, domestic, military, etc. Robots can perform various physical operations, such as moving their joints using actuators or motors. Mobile robots also include driven wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., allowing them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0050] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving itself, and autonomous vehicles refer to vehicles driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving can include maintaining a lane while in motion, automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), driving automatically along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles encompass vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and can include trains, motorcycles, and automobiles. Autonomous vehicles can be considered as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0051] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds solely through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real-world object images. MR technology is a CG technique that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real and virtual objects together. However, the difference lies in that in AR technology, virtual objects serve as a supplementary form to real objects, while in MR technology, virtual and real objects are treated as equal entities.

[0052] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support a variety of 5G services. For example, a 15kHz SCS can support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30kHz / 60kHz SCS can support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. A 60kHz or higher SCS can support bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0053] NR bands can be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can vary. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in NR systems, FR1 can mean "the range below 6 GHz" and FR2 can mean "the range above 6 GHz" and can be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0054] [Table 1]

[0055] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 450MHz-6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0056] As mentioned above, the frequency range of the NR system can be varied. For example, as shown in Table 2 below, FR1 may include a frequency band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher frequency band included in FR1 may include unlicensed frequency bands. Unlicensed frequency bands can be used for various purposes, such as for vehicle communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0057] [Table 2]

[0058] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 410MHz-7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0059] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technologies for low-power communication, as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may be based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and referred to by various names such as enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN, which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0060] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device that applies an implementation of the present disclosure is shown.

[0061] exist Figure 2 In this context, the first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms depending on the usage / service. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to... Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured from various elements, devices / components and / or modules.

[0062] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (e.g., transceiver 106), at least one processing chip (e.g., processing chip 101), and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0063] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (e.g., processor 102) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 104). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be located outside the processing chip 101.

[0064] Processor 102 can control memory 104 and / or transceiver 106, and can be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in this disclosure. For example, processor 102 can process information in memory 104 to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via transceiver 106. Processor 102 can receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in memory 104.

[0065] Memory 104 may be operatively connected to processor 102. Memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 104 may store firmware and / or software code 105 that implements code, commands, and / or command sets, which, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0066] In this document, processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 106 may be connected to processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0067] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (e.g., transceiver 206), at least one processing chip (e.g., processing chip 201), and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0068] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (e.g., processor 202) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 204). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be located outside the processing chip 201.

[0069] Processor 202 can control memory 204 and / or transceiver 206, and can be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in this disclosure. For example, processor 202 can process information in memory 204 to generate third information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signal via transceiver 206. Processor 202 can receive a radio signal including a fourth information / signal via transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signal in memory 204.

[0070] Memory 204 may be operatively connected to processor 202. Memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 204 may store firmware and / or software code 205 that implements code, commands, and / or command sets, which, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, firmware and / or software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0071] In this document, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 206 may be connected to processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0072] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202, but are not limited thereto. For example, these one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as the Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). These one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Units (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure, and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.

[0073] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured as a collection of communication control processors, application processors (APs), electronic control units (ECUs), central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), and memory control processors.

[0074] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured with random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard disk drive, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0075] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control to enable one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control to enable one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0076] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure via one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0077] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., can be processed by the one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can use one or more processors 102 and 202 to convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206, under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals via their (analog) oscillators and / or filters, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and, under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, down-convert the OFDM signals to OFDM baseband signals via their (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0078] although Figure 2 As not shown, wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include additional components. Additional component 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, additional component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, input / output (I / O) devices (e.g., audio I / O ports, video I / O ports), drive devices, and computing devices. Additional component 140 may be coupled to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0079] In the implementation of this disclosure, the UE can operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL). In the implementation of this disclosure, the BS can operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For ease of description, it is primarily assumed below that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform UE behavior or control the transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to the implementation of this disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform BS behavior or control the transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0080] In this disclosure, BS is also referred to as Node B (NB), eNode B (eNB), or gNB.

[0081] Figure 3 An example of a UE that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0082] Figure 3 An example of a UE that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0083] Reference Figure 3 UE 100 can correspond to Figure 2 The first wireless device 100.

[0084] The UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.

[0085] Processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. Processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. A layer of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in processor 102. Processor 102 may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing means. Processor 102 may be an application processor. Processor 102 may include at least one of a DSP, CPU, GPU, and modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of processor 102 can be found in […]. SNAPDRAGON manufactured TM Series processors, EXYNOS manufactured TM Series processors, A series of processors manufactured HELIO manufactured TM Series processors, Manufactured ATOM TM This series of processors or the corresponding next-generation processors.

[0086] Memory 104 is operatively coupled to processor 102 and stores various information to operate processor 102. Memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium, and / or other storage devices. When the implementation is software-based, the techniques described herein may be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Modules may be stored in memory 104 and executed by processor 102. Memory 104 may be implemented within or outside processor 102, in which case it may be communicatively coupled to processor 102 via various means known in the art.

[0087] Transceiver 106 is operatively coupled to processor 102 and transmits and / or receives radio signals. Transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. Transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry for processing radio frequency signals. Transceiver 106 controls one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive radio signals.

[0088] The power management module 141 manages the power of the processor 102 and / or transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0089] Display 143 outputs the results processed by processor 102. Keypad 144 receives inputs to be used by processor 102. Keypad 144 can be displayed on display 143.

[0090] The SIM card 145 is an integrated circuit designed to securely store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and its associated key used for identifying and authenticating subscribers on mobile devices (such as mobile phones and computers). Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

[0091] Speaker 146 outputs the sound-related results processed by processor 102. Microphone 147 receives the sound-related input to be used by processor 102.

[0092] <6G System Overview>

[0093] 6G (wireless communication) systems have objectives such as: (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption for battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) interconnected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects, such as “intelligent connectivity,” “deep connectivity,” “holographic connectivity,” and “ubiquitous connectivity,” and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 3 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0094] [Table 3]

[0095] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E Delay 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite integration Complete AI Complete Self-service vehicles Complete XR Complete tactile communication Complete

[0096] 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI-integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0097] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the communication architecture available in a 6G system.

[0098] 6G systems will have 50 times more simultaneous wireless communication connections than 5G systems. As a key feature of 5G, URLLC will become even more important in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. At this point, unlike the frequently used domain spectral efficiency, 6G systems can have better volumetric spectral efficiency. 6G systems can offer advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life, so mobile devices may not need separate charging in 6G systems. Additionally, new network characteristics in 6G may include the following.

[0099] - Satellite-integrated networks: To provide global mobile coverage, 6G will be integrated with satellites. For 6G, integrating terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into a single wireless communication system may be crucial.

[0100] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and its wireless evolution can be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or the various signal processing procedures described below).

[0101] - Seamless integration of wireless messaging and power transfer: 6G wireless networks can transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless messaging and power transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0102] - Ubiquitous Ultra 3D Connectivity: Network and core network functions that access drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous ultra 3D connectivity in 6G.

[0103] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0104] - Small Cell Networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve received signal quality as a result of improvements in throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. Consequently, small cell networks are a fundamental feature of 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems also utilize the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0105] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-layered networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0106] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-capacity services. High-speed fiber optic and free-space optical (FSO) systems may be a possible solution to this problem.

[0107] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0108] - Software-defined and virtualized: Software-defined and virtualized are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability.

[0109] <Core Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0110] AI

[0111] The most important new technology to be introduced in 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support some or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will support AI to the fullest extent of automation. Advances in machine learning will create smarter networks in 6G for real-time communication. When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use countless analyses to determine methods for performing complex tasks. That is, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0112] Time-consuming tasks such as switching, network selection, or resource scheduling can be performed immediately using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent identification radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0113] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems at the application or network layers, but deep learning has been primarily focused on wireless resource management and allocation. However, these studies are gradually expanding to the MAC and physical layers, with particular efforts emerging to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms, rather than traditional communication frameworks within basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0114] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of deep learning. Additionally, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0115] Machine learning refers to a series of operations that train machines to perform tasks that humans cannot or find difficult to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly divided into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0116] Neural network learning aims to minimize output error. It involves repeatedly inputting training data into a neural network, calculating the error between the network's output and the target value, propagating this error back from the output layer to the input layer to reduce it, and updating the weights of each node in the neural network.

[0117] Supervised learning can use training data labeled with correct answers, while unsupervised learning can use training data without labeled correct answers. That is, for example, in supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be labeled with categories. The labeled training data can be input into a neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the labels of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is backpropagated from the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated based on the backpropagation. The changes in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined based on the learning rate. The computation of backpropagation of the input data and the error by the neural network can be configured into learning cycles (epochs). The learning data can be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the neural network's learning cycles. For example, a high learning rate can be used in the early learning stages of the neural network to increase efficiency, allowing the neural network to quickly secure a certain level of performance; in the later learning stages, a low learning rate can be used to increase accuracy.

[0118] Learning methods can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, to accurately predict the data transmitted from the transmitter in a receiver of a communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0119] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be considered the most basic linear model. However, the machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures (e.g., artificial neural networks) as learning models is called deep learning.

[0120] The core neural networks used as learning methods can be broadly categorized into deep neural networks (DNNs), convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNNs), and spiking neural networks (SNNs). This learning model is applicable.

[0121] THz (Terahertz) communication

[0122] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using broadband sub-TH communication and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, known as submillimeter radiation, typically indicate a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz frequency band (sub-TH band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-TH band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined 300 GHz to 3 THz THz band is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and is just behind the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band has similarities to RF.

[0123] Figure 5 An example of an electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0124] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth available to support very high data rates and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (making highly directional antennas indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0125] Massive MIMO

[0126] One of the core technologies used to improve spectral efficiency is MIMO (Multi-channel Mixing). As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also improves. Therefore, massive MIMO will be crucial in 6G systems. Because MIMO uses multiple paths, multiplexing techniques suitable for the THz band, as well as beamforming and management techniques, should be carefully considered to allow data signals to be transmitted through one or more paths.

[0127] Holographic beamforming

[0128] Beamforming is the signal processing procedure of adjusting an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers numerous advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a novel beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. In 6G, HBF will be a highly effective method for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices.

[0129] Optical wireless technology

[0130] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to transmit signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390 nm to 750 nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicular networks.

[0131] Compared to RF-based technologies, VLC offers several advantages. First, VLC uses a free / license-free spectrum and provides a wide range of bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, it can be applied to electromagnetically sensitive applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks (i.e., visible light) cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, VLC's transmission range can be limited to indoor environments, protecting user privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0132] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (e.g., air, outer space, and vacuum) to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. FSO can be used as a terrestrial point-to-point OWC system. FSO operates in the near-infrared frequency range (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), thus offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0133] In addition to RF-based communication for any possible device access to the network, these OWC technologies are also planned for 6G communication. These networks will connect to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technology has been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies based on the optical band, such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication, are already well-known. Optical wireless communication can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0134] In 6G communications based on the optical band, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object and measures distance by detecting the reflected light through a light sensor. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0135] FSO Backhaul Network

[0136] The transmitters and receivers in an FSO system have characteristics similar to those in fiber optic networks. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is analogous to that in a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO may also be a good technology for providing backhaul connections in 6G systems, in addition to fiber optic networks. When using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports large-scale backhaul connections for both long-range and short-range areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0137] Non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

[0138] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and airborne networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-Earth orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity significantly different from traditional 2D networks. NR views non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as one way to achieve this. NTNs are networks or segments that utilize RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs providing access to user equipment, two common scenarios exist: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of an NTN.

[0139] - Connect NTN to one or more satellite gateways that connect to a public data network.

[0140] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across satellite target ranges (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one satellite gateway.

[0141] - Non-GEO satellites are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system should ensure service and feeder link continuity between continuously serving satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow for mobility anchoring and handover.

[0142] - Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0143] - A service link or radio link between user equipment and a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0144] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) capable of delivering transparent or regenerable (including airborne processing) payloads. The satellite (or UAS platform) generates beams. A satellite (or UAS platform) typically generates multiple beams for a given service area based on its field of view. The beam footprint is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the airborne antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0145] - Transparent payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the repeating waveform signal of the payload remains unchanged.

[0146] - Regenerated payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. This is essentially the same as carrying all or part of the base station functions on a satellite (or UAS platform) (e.g., gNB).

[0147] - Optionally, for satellite deployments, inter-satellite links (ISL) are required. This necessitates a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISLs can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0148] - User equipment is served by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target coverage area.

[0149] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide services to continents, regions, or local areas.

[0150] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide service in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and links between satellites.

[0151] Quantum communication

[0152] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that overcomes the limitations of existing communication technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computing, by applying the properties of quantum mechanics to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in 0s and 1s, based on the binary bits used in conventional communication technologies. In conventional communication technologies, wavelengths or amplitudes are used to transmit information between transmitters and receivers; however, in quantum communication, photons (the smallest units of light) are used. In particular, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used to manipulate the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), thus quantum communication possesses the characteristic of enabling completely secure communication. Quantum communication can also achieve ultra-high-speed communication under certain conditions using quantum entanglement.

[0153] Cellular communication

[0154] For 6G systems, the tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial. As a result, users will be able to seamlessly move from one network to another without having to create any manual configurations on their devices. The best network will be automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, moving from one cell to another in dense networks results in too many handovers, leading to handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cellular-free communication will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0155] Cellular-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) collaboratively provide services to a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources via a fronthaul network and CPU." A single terminal is served by a group of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are several ways to form AP clusters, one of which is organizing the AP cluster around APs that can significantly contribute to improving the terminal's reception performance, known as the terminal-centric clustering method, and dynamically updating the configuration as the terminal moves. This device-centric AP clustering technology ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore unaffected by inter-cluster interference that occurs when the device is located at the edge of the AP cluster. This cellular-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies, as well as different heterogeneous radios within the device.

[0156] Wireless Information and Power Transfer Integration (WIET)

[0157] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will use wireless power transfer during communication to charge. WIET is a promising technology for extending battery life for charging wireless systems. Therefore, battery-free devices will be supported in 6G communication.

[0158] Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0159] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0160] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0161] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. These access networks will be connected via fiber optic cables and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). To handle the sheer number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access networks and the backhaul networks.

[0162] Big data analytics

[0163] Big data analytics is the complex processing used to analyze various large datasets or big data. This processing seeks information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer actions to ensure comprehensive data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process the massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0164] Reconfigurable smart metasurfaces

[0165] Extensive research has been conducted that treats the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. Radio environments created using this approach are called Smart Radio Environments (SREs) or Intelligent Radio Environments (IREs) to emphasize their fundamental difference from past design and optimization standards. Various terms have been proposed to achieve SREs for reconfigurable smart antennas (or smart reconfigurable antenna technologies), including reconfigurable metasurfaces, large smart surfaces (SLISs), large smart surfaces (LISs), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RISs), and smart reflective surfaces (IRSs).

[0166] In the case of THz band signals, due to the strong linearity of the signal, there are many shadowed areas caused by obstacles. Therefore, RIS (Radio Reflectors and Reflectors) technology is important for extending the communication range by installing RIS near these shadowed areas, enhancing communication stability, and providing additional value-added services. RIS are artificial surfaces made of electromagnetic materials that alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be considered an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism. RIS has the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive components; that is, it passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. Furthermore, the individual passive reflectors in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which benefits the wireless communication channel. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift via the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to improve the received signal power.

[0167] Besides reflecting radio signals, there are also radio signal reflectors (RIS) with adjustable transmission and refraction properties, and these RIS are often used in outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (simultaneous transmission and reflection RIS), which provides transmission while reflecting signals, has also been actively studied.

[0168] metaverse

[0169] The metaverse is a combination of the word "meta," meaning virtual or transcendent, and "universe," meaning space. Generally, this term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities are identical to those in the real world.

[0170] Extended Reality (XR) is a key technology for realizing the metaverse; it is a fusion of virtual and reality, extending real-world experiences and providing unique immersive experiences. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0171] Autonomous driving (self-driving)

[0172] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles need to communicate with each other to alert each other to dangerous situations, or with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location and signal change times. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure; it is the technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information for autonomous driving (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)).

[0173] To maximize the performance and ensure high safety of autonomous driving, high-speed transmission and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply sending warnings and guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. The amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be enormous. Therefore, compared to 5G, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency.

[0174] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

[0175] In 6G wireless communication, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be a crucial element. In most cases, UAV technology will be used to provide high-speed data wireless connectivity. Base station entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess certain characteristics not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and controllable degrees of freedom in mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered one of the most important technologies in 6G communication.

[0176] Blockchain

[0177] Blockchain will become a crucial technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology, where a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores identical copies of the ledger. The blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This allows it to exist without the need for centralized management by a central authority or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology offers multiple capabilities such as interoperability between devices, high-volume data traceability, autonomous interaction between different IoT systems, and the large-scale connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0178] Figure 6 It is a wireless communication system.

[0179] Reference Figure 6 As can be seen, the wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into gNodeB (or gNB) 20a and eNodeB (or eNB) 20b. gNB 20a supports 5G mobile communication. eNB 20b supports 4G mobile communication, namely, Long Term Evolution (LTE).

[0180] Each base station 20a and 20b provides communication services to a specific geographical area (usually called a cell) (20-1, 20-2, 20-3). A cell can then be divided into multiple areas (called sectors).

[0181] A UE typically belongs to a cell, which is called the serving cell. The base station that provides communication services to the serving cell is called the serving base station (serving BS). Because wireless communication systems are cellular systems, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. These other adjacent cells are called neighboring cells. The base stations that provide communication services to neighboring cells are called neighboring BSs. The serving cell and neighboring cells are determined relative to the UE.

[0182] In the following text, downlink refers to communication from base station (20) to UE (10), and uplink refers to communication from UE (10) to base station (20). In the downlink, the transmitter may be part of base station (20), and the receiver may be part of UE (10). In the uplink, the transmitter may be part of UE (10), and the receiver may be part of base station (20).

[0183] In addition, wireless communication systems can be roughly divided into a Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) scheme and a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) scheme. According to the FDD scheme, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed while occupying different frequency bands. According to the TDD scheme, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed at different times while occupying the same frequency band. The channel responses of the TDD scheme are basically reciprocal. This means that the downlink channel response and the uplink channel response are almost the same in a given frequency domain. Therefore, in a TDD-based wireless communication system, there is an advantage that the downlink channel response can be obtained from the uplink channel response. In the TDD scheme, since uplink transmission and downlink transmission are time-division multiplexed in the entire frequency band, the downlink transmission of the base station and the uplink transmission of the UE cannot be performed simultaneously. In a TDD system where uplink transmission and downlink transmission are divided into subframes, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed in different subframes.

[0184] <Operating Bands in NR>

[0185] The operating bands in NR are as follows.

[0186] The operating bands in Table 4 below are the operating bands converted from the operating bands of LTE / LTE-A. This is called the FR1 band.

[0187] [Table 4]

[0188]

[0189] The following table shows the NR operating bands defined in the high-frequency phase. This is called the FR2 band.

[0190] [Table 5]

[0191]

[0192] Figure 7 Shows the structure of the radio frame used in NR.

[0193] In NR, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are composed of frames. The radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined as two 5-ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame is defined as 5 1-ms sub-frames (SF). A sub-frame is divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in a sub-frame depends on the SCS (sub-carrier spacing). According to the CP (cyclic prefix), each time slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols. When the normal CP is used, each time slot includes 14 symbols. When the extended CP is used, each time slot includes 2 symbols. Here, the symbol can include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0194] Figure 8 An example of subframe types in NR is shown.

[0195] For NR (or new RAT), Figure 8 The TTI (Transmission Time Interval) shown can be referred to as a subframe or time slot. Figure 8 Subframes (or time slots) can be used in NR (or New RAT) TDD systems to minimize data transmission latency. For example... Figure 8 As shown, similar to the current subframe, a subframe (or time slot) consists of 14 symbols. Symbols preceding the subframe (or time slot) can be used for the DL control channel, and symbols following the subframe (or time slot) can be used for the UL control channel. The remaining symbols can be used for either DL data transmission or UL data transmission. Based on this subframe (or time slot) structure, downlink and uplink transmissions can be executed sequentially within a single subframe (or time slot). Therefore, downlink data can be received within a subframe (or time slot), and uplink acknowledgments (ACK / NACK) can be sent within the same subframe (or time slot).

[0196] This structure of a subframe (or time slot) can be called a self-contained subframe (or time slot).

[0197] Specifically, the first N symbols in a time slot can be used to transmit the DL control channel (hereinafter, the DL control area), and the last M symbols in a time slot can be used to transmit the UL control channel (hereinafter, the UL control area). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource area between the DL control area and the UL control area (hereinafter, the data area) can be used for either DL data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, PDCCH can be transmitted in the DL control area, and PDSCH can be transmitted in the DL data area. PUCCH can be transmitted in the UL control area, and PUSCH can be transmitted in the UL data area.

[0198] When using this subframe (or time slot) structure, the time spent retransmitting data with received errors is reduced, thus minimizing the final data transmission delay. In this self-contained subframe (or time slot) structure, time gaps may be required during transitions from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. Therefore, some OFDM symbols in the subframe structure during the switch from DL to UL can be set as guard periods (GP).

[0199] The terminal may contain multiple USIMs (multiple USIMs).

[0200] The Multi-Universal Subscriber Identity Module (MUSIM) refers to the simultaneous operation of two different operators on a single terminal.

[0201] When two operators operate simultaneously, signal interference between the two operating frequency bands may degrade communication quality and, in severe cases, lead to a complete loss of communication.

[0202] The terminal can communicate independently with multiple networks (or networks) via two USIMs. The device can communicate with multiple networks (or networks) via its corresponding operating frequency band.

[0203] The service information provided by the two operators may not be shared with each other.

[0204] Multiple networks (or networks) may not be able to share information about their respective operating frequency bands. As a result, signal coexistence problems may occur between operating frequency bands.

[0205] The problem of signal coexistence between operating frequency bands can include interference with any signal, such as harmonic mixing, cross-band isolation, intermodulation, etc.

[0206] For example, if one operator is communicating in the n77 band (3300MHz-4200 MHz) and another operator is communicating in the n79 band (4400MHz-5000 MHz), third-order intermodulation may occur between the two operating bands. This could increase the reference sensitivity of the n79 band, which could affect communication quality.

[0207] Methods can be proposed to minimize this interference.

[0208] The methods proposed in this specification,

[0209] 1. First Publication

[0210] During MUSIM operation, the terminal can submit a list of operating frequency bands affected by interference to the network.

[0211] The terminal can communicate via MUSIM. For example, the terminal can communicate via SIM A and SIM B. Regarding SIM A, the terminal can communicate with network A via operating frequency band A. Regarding SIM B, the terminal can communicate with network B via operating frequency band B.

[0212] 1) The terminal can enable a specific operating frequency band A for SIM A with network A (operator A).

[0213] The terminal can establish an RRC connection with network A. The terminal can be in the RRC_CONNECTED state relative to network A. Operating frequency band A can be enabled for communication between the terminal and network A.

[0214] 2) The terminal may send a list of operating frequency bands that have a significant interference effect (i.e., cannot be served simultaneously or have significantly degraded communication quality) to network B (operator B) on operating frequency band A (or channel A in operating frequency band A), which is currently served by SIM A. Alternatively, the terminal may add additional reference sensitivity relaxation information for the corresponding operating frequency band list to the message sent to network B (operator B).

[0215] The list of operating frequency bands can be a list of operating frequency bands that have been significantly affected by interference due to communication via operating frequency band A.

[0216] 3) Network B can determine the operating frequency band B of SIM B by considering additional reference sensitivity relaxation information or the operating frequency band list provided by the terminal. Network B can provide services to the terminal through operating frequency band B. (SIM A and SIM B operate simultaneously)

[0217] Network B can receive an operating frequency band list from the terminal (a list of operating frequency bands that are significantly affected by interference due to communication via operating frequency band A). Network B can also receive reference sensitivity relaxation information for the operating frequency band list from the terminal.

[0218] Network B can determine the operating frequency band B based on the list of operating frequency bands (or its reference sensitivity relaxation information). The network can then send information about the determined operating frequency band B to the terminal.

[0219] The aforementioned operating frequency band B can be determined by taking into account the interference caused by operating frequency band A.

[0220] Therefore, by using both operating band A and operating band B simultaneously, the terminal can communicate with multiple networks (or networks) with minimal interference.

[0221] As a first publicly disclosed example, the following can be done:

[0222] - SIM A, with network A (operator A) as the terminal, enables operation on frequency band A.

[0223] - The terminal sets the list of operating frequency bands with significant interference problems using operating frequency band A = [band 1, band 2, band 3].

[0224] - The terminal reports the set list of operating frequency bands to Network B (Operator B) (which may include reference sensitivity relaxation information).

[0225] - Network B considers the list of operating frequency bands provided by the terminal to determine the operating frequency band B of the terminal's SIM B, and enables the terminal's SIM B (SIM A and SIM B operate simultaneously).

[0226] 2. Second Publication

[0227] In MUSIM operation, it is possible to suggest that the terminal only sends information about the operating frequency band to the network.

[0228] The terminal can communicate via MUSIM. For example, the terminal can communicate via SIM A and SIM B. Regarding SIM A, the terminal can communicate with network A via operating frequency band A. Regarding SIM B, the terminal can communicate with network B via operating frequency band B.

[0229] 1) The terminal can enable a specific operating frequency band A for SIM A with network A (operator A).

[0230] The terminal can establish an RRC connection with network A. The terminal can be in the RRC_CONNECTED state relative to network A. Operating frequency band A can be enabled for communication between the terminal and network A.

[0231] 2) The terminal may send information to network B about the operating band A (or channel A in operating band A) that is being served by SIM A.

[0232] The terminal can send information about operating frequency band A to network B.

[0233] 3) Network B can determine the serviceable operating frequency band B of SIM B by considering the operating frequency band A provided by the terminal. Network B can then provide services to the terminal through operating frequency band B. (SIM A and SIM B operate simultaneously)

[0234] Network B can receive information about operating frequency band A from the terminal.

[0235] Network B can determine the operating frequency band B based on information about operating frequency band A. The network can then send information about the determined operating frequency band B to the terminal.

[0236] The determined operating frequency band B can be determined by considering the interference caused by operating frequency band A.

[0237] Therefore, by using both operating band A and operating band B simultaneously, the terminal can communicate with multiple networks (or networks) with minimal interference.

[0238] As a second public example, the following can be done:

[0239] - SIM A, with network A (operator A) as the terminal, enables operation on frequency band A.

[0240] - The terminal sends information about the enabled frequency band A to network B (operator B).

[0241] Network B (operator B) determines which operating frequency band B can communicate with the operating frequency band A reported by the terminal, and enables it on the terminal's SIM B. (SIM A and SIM B operate simultaneously)

[0242] 3. Third Publication

[0243] During MUSIM operation, the terminal can temporarily restrict the capabilities of SIM B. This capability can be used for uplink transmission / downlink reception, etc.

[0244] The terminal can communicate via MUSIM. For example, the terminal can communicate via SIM A and SIM B. Regarding SIM A, the terminal can communicate with network A via operating frequency band A. Regarding SIM B, the terminal can communicate with network B via operating frequency band B.

[0245] 1) The terminal can enable a specific operating frequency band A for SIM A with network A (operator A).

[0246] The terminal can establish an RRC connection with network A. The terminal can be in the RRC_CONNECTED state relative to network A. Operating frequency band A can be enabled for communication between the terminal and network A.

[0247] The terminal may request network B to temporarily restrict its capabilities. Based on this request, the terminal may receive temporary capability restrictions from network B and may set them accordingly. Capability restrictions may include denying the transmission or reception of signals in a specific frequency band subject to interference (interference caused by communication with network A and communication with network B) or relaxing the reference sensitivity in the specific frequency band subject to interference. Alternatively, capability restrictions may be restrictions on combinations of frequency bands where interference may occur. In this case, steps 2 and 3 below may be omitted.

[0248] 2) The terminal may set (or determine) a list of operating frequency bands affected by interference from operating frequency band A, which is being served by SIM A. The list of operating frequency bands may be a list of operating frequency bands that are highly affected by interference caused by communication via operating frequency band A.

[0249] 3) The terminal can send a list of (interference-affected) operating frequency bands to the network B by temporarily restricting the ability of SIM B to support operating frequency bands.

[0250] The terminal can RRC_CONNECTED to network A. That is, the terminal can establish an RRC connection with network A. Then, the terminal can be in an RRC connected state on network A.

[0251] This capability can be a temporary limitation on the terminal's capabilities due to MUSIM behavior. For example, a capability limitation could be the inability to transmit or receive signals in certain interfered frequency bands or a relaxation of the reference sensitivity in certain interfered frequency bands. Alternatively, a capability limitation could be a restriction on combinations of frequency bands where interference may occur.

[0252] The terminal can send information about temporarily restricted capabilities to network B. This information can be sent from the terminal to network B via an RRC Setup Complete / RRC Resume Complete message.

[0253] The terminal can identify a list of operating frequency bands affected by interference.

[0254] Regarding operating frequency band B, the terminal may temporarily restrict the capabilities of operating frequency bands included in the operating frequency band list. The terminal may send the restricted capabilities to network B. The terminal may send the list of operating frequency bands with restricted capabilities to network B.

[0255] In other words, the terminal can limit the capabilities of the frequency band affected by the operating frequency band A, and the terminal can send limited capabilities to network B.

[0256] 4) Network B can determine the operating frequency band B of SIM B by considering the capabilities provided by the terminal. Network B can then provide services to the terminal through the determined operating frequency band B. (SIM A and SIM B operate simultaneously.)

[0257] Network B can receive information from the terminal about the limitations on capabilities based on the influence of the operating frequency band A.

[0258] Network B can determine the operating frequency band B based on the received capability information. The network can then send information about the determined operating frequency band B to the terminal.

[0259] Limitations can be determined by taking into account the interference caused by the operating frequency band A.

[0260] Therefore, by using both operating band A and operating band B simultaneously, the terminal can communicate with multiple networks (or networks) with minimal interference.

[0261] The first, second, or third disclosure may include multiple operating frequency bands (e.g., operating frequency band A = CA / DC n41_n77, operating frequency band B = n1).

[0262] The frequency band numbers for operating frequency band A and operating frequency band B can be the same. The channel numbers for each operating frequency band can be different.

[0263] As an example of third-party disclosure, the following behavior can be performed:

[0264] - SIM A, with network A (operator A) as the terminal, enables operation on frequency band A.

[0265] - The terminal sets the list of operating frequency bands with significant interference problems using operating frequency band A = [band 1, band 2, band 3].

[0266] - The terminal sends a list of operating frequency bands with significant interference problems to network B and temporarily restricts SIM B's ability to support operating frequency bands with significant interference problems.

[0267] Network B determines the operating frequency band B for SIM B and SIM A by considering the capabilities provided by the terminal. (SIM A and SIM B operate simultaneously.)

[0268] The terminal may send information (or a request) about temporarily restricted capabilities to network B (or network A). Depending on the implementation, the network to which the device sends information about temporarily restricted capabilities may vary.

[0269] If network A is E-UTRA, it can send information (or requests) to network B about temporarily restricted capabilities.

[0270] Figure 9 An example of an RRC connection establishment process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0271] The terminal may already have an RRC connection with network A. That is, the terminal can establish an RRC association with network A. Then, the terminal can be in an RRC connected state with network A.

[0272] 1) The terminal can establish an RRC connection with network B. The terminal can send a request (RRCSetupRequest) to network B to establish an RRC connection.

[0273] 2) Based on RRCSetupRequest, the network can send RRCSetup to the terminal.

[0274] 3) The terminal can send RRCSetupComplete to the network.

[0275] When a terminal needs to send a signal to network A or receive a signal from network A, it can perform the latter operation.

[0276] According to the first disclosure, RRCSetupComplete may include the aforementioned list of operating frequency bands (a list of operating frequency bands that are highly susceptible to interference due to communication via operating frequency band A). Alternatively, according to the first disclosure, RRCSetupComplete may include additional reference sensitivity relaxation information for the list of operating frequency bands.

[0277] According to the second disclosure, RRCSetupComplete may include information about the operating band A (or channel A within the operating band A) being served by the SIM A.

[0278] According to the third disclosure, RRCSetupComplete may include information about the aforementioned temporarily restricted capabilities (or a list of operating bands for applying temporarily restricted capabilities). According to the third disclosure, based on the decision to temporarily restrict the terminal's capabilities, RRCSetupComplete may include information about the aforementioned temporarily restricted capabilities (or a list of operating bands for applying restricted capabilities).

[0279] If the terminal is performing an RRC recovery process, the above applies to RRCesumeComplete, not RRCSetupComplete.

[0280] The terminal may send information (or a request) to network B (or network A) regarding its temporarily restricted capabilities. Depending on the implementation, the network to which the device sends information about its temporarily restricted capabilities may vary.

[0281] The terminal may inform network B (or network A) of the frequency bands or combinations of frequency bands involved (e.g., prohibited and / or affected frequency bands or combinations of frequency bands).

[0282] If network A is E-UTRA, it can send information (or requests) about temporarily restricted capabilities to network B.

[0283] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. Designations of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are merely illustrative, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0284] Figure 10 The procedure of the UE disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0285] 1. The UE can establish a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection with the first base station.

[0286] The UE can be configured with a Multi Universal Subscriber Identity Module (MUSIM).

[0287] 2. The UE can send information about the UE's limited capabilities to the second base station.

[0288] The UE's limited capabilities may be based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

[0289] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include information instructing the UE not to perform communications via a specific operating frequency band.

[0290] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include a list of operating frequency bands where interference occurs.

[0291] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include information on the relaxation of reference sensitivity for a specific operating band.

[0292] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include instructions that the UE should not use specific operating frequency bands for communication.

[0293] The UE can send an RRC setting request to the second base station.

[0294] Based on the RRC setting request, the UE can receive the RRC setting message from the second base station.

[0295] Based on the RRC setting message, the UE can send an RRC setting completion message to the second base station, which includes information about the UE's limited capabilities.

[0296] The UE can send an RRC recovery request to the second base station.

[0297] Based on the RRC recovery request, the UE can receive the RRC recovery message from the second base station.

[0298] Based on the RRC recovery message, the UE can send an RRC recovery complete message to the second base station, which includes information about the UE's limited capabilities.

[0299] The UE can receive information from the second base station about the operating frequency band used for communicating with the second base station.

[0300] The UE can communicate with the second base station via the operating frequency band.

[0301] The operating frequency band can be based on interference.

[0302] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. Designations of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are merely illustrative, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0303] Figure 11 The procedure for a second base station disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0304] 1. The second base station can receive information about the limited capabilities of the user equipment (UE) from the user equipment.

[0305] 2. The second base station can communicate with the UE.

[0306] The UE can be configured with a Multi Universal Subscriber Identity Module (MUSIM).

[0307] The UE can be in an RRC connection state with the first base station.

[0308] The UE's limited capabilities may be based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

[0309] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include information instructing the UE not to perform communications via a specific operating frequency band.

[0310] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include a list of operating frequency bands where interference occurs.

[0311] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include information on the relaxation of reference sensitivity for a specific operating band.

[0312] Information regarding the UE's limited capabilities may include instructions that the UE should not use specific operating frequency bands for communication.

[0313] The second base station can receive RRC setting requests from the UE.

[0314] Based on the RRC setting request, the second base station can send an RRC setting message to the UE.

[0315] Based on the RRC setting message, the second base station can receive an RRC setting completion message from the UE, which includes information about the UE's limited capabilities.

[0316] The second base station can receive RRC recovery requests from the UE.

[0317] Based on the RRC recovery request, the second base station can send an RRC recovery message to the UE.

[0318] Based on the RRC recovery message, the second base station can receive an RRC recovery complete message from the UE, which includes information about the UE's limited capabilities.

[0319] The second base station can determine the operating frequency band for communicating with the UE based on interference.

[0320] The second base station can send information about the determined operating frequency band to the UE.

[0321] The steps for communicating with the UE are performed via the determined operating frequency band.

[0322] The following will describe a processor for providing communication according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0323] The processor is configured to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection with a first base station; wherein the UE is configured with a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) to send information about the UE's limited capabilities to a second base station, wherein the UE's limited capabilities are based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

[0324] In the following, a non-volatile computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for providing multicast services in wireless communication will be described according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0325] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the technical features of this disclosure can be directly implemented as hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of both. For example, in wireless communication, a method executed by a wireless device can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, software can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or other storage media.

[0326] Some examples of storage media are coupled to a processor, allowing the processor to read information from the storage media. Alternatively, the storage media can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage media can reside in an ASIC. Or, the processor and storage media can reside as separate components.

[0327] Computer-readable media may include tangible and non-volatile computer-readable storage media.

[0328] For example, non-volatile computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or other media that can be used to store instructions or data structures, or non-volatile computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0329] Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented, at least in part, by code or data structures carrying instructions and accessible, readable, and / or executable by a computer through a computer-readable communication medium.

[0330] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores one or more instructions. The stored one or more instructions can be executed by a processor of a base station.

[0331] One or more stored instructions cause the processor to: establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection with a first base station; wherein the UE is configured with a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) to send information about the UE's limited capabilities to a second base station, wherein the UE's limited capabilities are based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

[0332] This instruction manual can have various effects.

[0333] For example, using the methods presented in this specification, frequencies that minimize interference between two networks can be allocated during MUSIM operation. Alternatively, scheduling can be performed while taking into account interference between the two networks during MUSIM operation.

[0334] The effects achievable through the specific examples in this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, various technical effects may exist that can be understood or derived from this specification by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0335] The claims described herein can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the device claims of this specification can be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the device claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment, UE, for performing communication, the method comprising: establishing a radio resource control, RRC, connection with a first base station; wherein the UE is configured with multiple universal subscriber identity module, MUSIM, sending, to a second base station, information on a restricted capability of the UE, wherein the restricted capability of the UE is based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the information on the restricted capability of the UE comprises information indicating that the UE does not perform communication via a specific operating band. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the information on the restricted capability of the UE comprises a list of operating bands in which the interference occurs. 4.The method of claim 1, wherein, the information on the restricted capability of the UE comprises information on a reference sensitivity relaxation for a specific operating band. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein the information on the restricted capability of the UE comprises information indicating that the UE does not communicate using a specific operating band. 6.The method of claim 1, further comprising: sending, to the second base station, an RRC setup request; receiving, from the second base station, an RRC setup message based on the RRC setup request; sending, to the second base station, an RRC setup complete message including the information on the restricted capability of the UE based on the RRC setup message. 7.The method of claim 1, further comprising: sending, to the second base station, an RRC resume request; receiving, from the second base station, an RRC resume message based on the RRC resume request; sending, to the second base station, an RRC resume complete message including the information on the restricted capability of the UE based on the RRC resume message. 8.The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, from the second base station, information on an operating band for communication with the second base station; performing communication with the second base station via the operating band, wherein the operating band is based on the interference. 9.A method performed by a second base station for performing communication, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment, UE, information on a restricted capability of the UE; performing communication with the UE, wherein the UE is configured with multiple universal subscriber identity module, MUSIM, wherein the UE is in an RRC connected state with a first base station, wherein the restricted capability of the UE is based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station. 10.The method of claim 9, wherein, the information on the restricted capability of the UE comprises information indicating that the UE does not perform communication via a specific operating band. 11.The method of claim 9, wherein the information on the restricted capability of the UE comprises a list of operating bands in which the interference occurs. 12.The method of claim 9, wherein The information about the restricted capability of the UE includes information about a reference sensitivity relaxation for a particular operating frequency band.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein The information about the restricted capability of the UE includes information indicating that the UE does not communicate using a particular operating frequency band.

14. The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: receiving, from the UE, an RRC setup request; based on the RRC setup request, transmitting, to the UE, an RRC setup message; based on the RRC setup message, receiving, from the UE, an RRC setup complete message including the information about the restricted capability of the UE.

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: receiving, from the UE, an RRC resume request; based on the RRC resume request, transmitting, to the UE, an RRC resume message; based on the RRC resume message, receiving, from the UE, an RRC resume complete message including the information about the restricted capability of the UE.

16. The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of: determining, based on the interference, an operating frequency band for communicating with the UE; transmitting, to the UE, information about the determined operating frequency band, wherein the step of performing communication with the UE is performed via the determined operating frequency band.

17. A user equipment, UE, performing communication, the UE comprising: a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the processor performs operations comprising: establishing a radio resource control, RRC, connection with a first base station; wherein the UE is configured with multiple universal subscriber identity modules, MUSIM, transmitting, to a second base station, information about a restricted capability of the UE, wherein the restricted capability of the UE is based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

18. A second base station performing communication, the second base station comprising: a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the processor performs operations comprising: receiving, from a user equipment, UE, information about a restricted capability of the UE; performing communication with the UE, wherein the UE is configured with multiple universal subscriber identity modules, MUSIM, wherein the UE is in an RRC connected state with a first base station, wherein the restricted capability of the UE is based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

19. An apparatus in mobile communication, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions and operatively connectable with the at least one processor, wherein based on the instructions operable by the at least one processor, the instructions perform operations comprising: establishing a radio resource control, RRC, connection with a first base station; wherein the apparatus is configured with multiple universal subscriber identity modules, MUSIM, transmitting, to a second base station, information about a restricted capability of the apparatus, wherein the restricted capability of the apparatus is based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

20. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon, wherein, that, based on being executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with a first base station; wherein a user equipment (UE) comprising the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is configured with multiple universal subscriber identity modules (MUSIM), sending, to a second base station, information about a restricted capability of the UE, wherein the restricted capability of the UE is based on interference caused by communication with the first base station and communication with the second base station.

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