Method, device, equipment and storage medium for cold start of fuel cell

Abstract

The application discloses a cold starting method, device and equipment of a fuel cell and a storage medium. The cold starting method of the fuel cell comprises the following steps: judging whether a hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state; if the hydrogen circulation pump is in the icing state, running a preset thawing cycle, loading the stack with a preset maximum loadable current, and conducting heat generated by running of the preset thawing cycle and loading of the stack to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state. The technical scheme of the application can load the stack with the preset maximum loadable current under the condition that the hydrogen circulation pump is in the icing state, can not only use heat generated by running of the stack to accelerate thawing of the hydrogen circulation pump, but also use electric energy generated by running of the stack to supply power to part of functions of the fuel cell system, and realizes quick thawing of the hydrogen circulation pump and quick starting of the fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and more particularly to a cold start method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Achieving rapid cold start of fuel cell systems in low-temperature environments is of significant practical value. Currently, the main obstacle to rapid start-up in low-temperature environments lies in the potential freezing of the hydrogen circulation pump on the anode side of the fuel cell stack, leading to insufficient hydrogen supply and a single low-hydrogen level in the stack during cold start. The conventional solution is to reduce the water content of the fuel cell system through excessive purging before the last shutdown, specifically by increasing the shutdown purging time and hydrogen purging flow rate. This results in prolonged system shutdown time and high hydrogen consumption. Excessive waiting time negatively impacts user experience, and excessive hydrogen consumption increases operating costs. Therefore, how to achieve rapid cold start of fuel cell systems at low temperatures has become a pressing issue for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a cold start method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for fuel cells, which can enable rapid defrosting of the hydrogen circulation pump and rapid start-up of the fuel cell system.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a cold start method for a fuel cell is provided, the cold start method for a fuel cell comprising:

[0005] Determine if the hydrogen circulation pump is frozen;

[0006] If the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, a preset defrosting cycle is run to load the fuel cell stack with the maximum preset load current, and the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrosting cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack is transferred to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state.

[0007] After the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, the fuel cell stack is energized with a normal load current to enable the fuel cell to operate normally.

[0008] In one embodiment, determining whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state includes: determining whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state before starting the fuel cell stack by using the following conditions:

[0009] Determine if the gas temperature in the hydrogen circulation pump is below the preset icing threshold; or

[0010] Determine if the starting resistance of the hydrogen circulation pump is greater than the preset icing resistance; or

[0011] It was determined that the speed of the hydrogen circulation pump could not reach the preset speed.

[0012] In one embodiment, the preset defrosting cycle includes a water pump, a heater, a three-way valve, an electric stack, a first circuit, and a second circuit, wherein...

[0013] The first circuit generates heat in the first circuit consisting of the water pump, the fuel cell stack, the three-way valve, and the heater, through the operation of the heater caused by the water pump.

[0014] The second circuit is connected to the first circuit and conducts the heat generated in the first circuit to the hydrogen circulation pump.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first circuit, operated by the heater under the action of the water pump, generates heat in the first circuit consisting of the water pump, the fuel cell stack, the three-way valve, and the heater, including:

[0016] Open the first outlet of the three-way valve that connects to the heater, and close the second outlet of the three-way valve that is not connected to the heater.

[0017] The first circuit operates at maximum power through the heater under the action of the water pump.

[0018] In one embodiment, based on the load-bearing hardware parameters of the fuel cell stack and the real-time temperature, the maximum value of the load-bearing current is calculated using a preset load-bearing current model. The load-bearing hardware parameters include any one or more of the fuel cell stack standard power, fuel cell stack impedance, and fuel cell stack anode hydrogen density. The real-time temperature is the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell stack.

[0019] In one embodiment, the establishment of the preset load-bearing current model includes:

[0020] Under the condition that the hydrogen circulation pump is not running, at a certain low temperature, the fuel cell stack is subjected to at least two load currents until the fuel cell stack experiences a low hydrogen level, and the maximum value of the load current among the at least two load currents is recorded.

[0021] Traverse the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list to obtain the maximum value of the load current corresponding to each low-temperature ambient temperature in the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list.

[0022] Based on the maximum value of the load-bearing current corresponding to each low-temperature ambient temperature in the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list, the preset load-bearing current model is obtained by training a preset artificial intelligence model.

[0023] In one embodiment, while the fuel cell stack is loaded with a preset maximum load current, one or more of the drain valve and the nitrogen vent valve are opened at a cryogenic opening frequency, wherein the cryogenic opening frequency is higher than the normal opening frequency of the drain valve and the nitrogen vent valve when the hydrogen circulation pump is in normal operation.

[0024] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a cold start device for a fuel cell is provided, comprising:

[0025] The judgment module is used to determine whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state;

[0026] The heat conduction module is used to run a preset defrost cycle if the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, load the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current, and conduct the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrost cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state.

[0027] The operation module is used to load the fuel cell stack with normal load current after the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, so that the fuel cell can operate normally.

[0028] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a computing device is provided, comprising: a communication interface, a processor, and a memory;

[0029] The memory is used to store program instructions, which, when executed by the processor that is communicatively connected to the memory via the communication interface, implement any of the above-described cold start methods for fuel cells.

[0030] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer (e.g., a processor in a computer), implement any of the above-described cold-start methods for a fuel cell.

[0031] In summary, this invention provides a cold start method and apparatus for a fuel cell. The method includes: determining whether a hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state; if the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, running a preset defrost cycle to load the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current, and transferring the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrost cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack to the icing hydrogen circulation pump; after the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, loading the fuel cell stack with a normal load current to enable the fuel cell to operate normally. The technical solution of this application, under the condition that the hydrogen circulation pump is frozen, loads the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current. This not only utilizes the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack to accelerate the defrosting of the hydrogen circulation pump, but also utilizes the electrical energy generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack to power some functions of the fuel cell system, achieving rapid defrosting of the hydrogen circulation pump and rapid start-up of the fuel cell system. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims and drawings.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating another cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating another cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating another cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating another cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating another cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating another cold start method for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 A structural diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 A structural diagram of a computing device (or electronic device) provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a preset defrosting cycle for a fuel cell, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain this application and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a cold start method for a fuel cell, which includes steps S11-S13:

[0047] In step S11, it is determined whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state;

[0048] In step S12, if the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, a preset defrosting cycle is run to load the fuel cell stack with the maximum preset load current, and the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrosting cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack is conducted to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state.

[0049] In step S13, after the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, the fuel cell stack is loaded with a normal load current to enable the fuel cell to operate normally.

[0050] In one embodiment, it is first determined whether the hydrogen recirculation pump is frozen, which can be determined by detecting the temperature of the hydrogen recirculation pump or its operating status using a temperature sensor. If the hydrogen recirculation pump is detected to be frozen, a preset defrost cycle is initiated to transfer heat to the hydrogen recirculation pump to melt the ice. Two types of heat are involved in this defrost cycle: the first is the heat generated by the heater in the first loop of the defrost cycle, and the second is the heat generated by loading the fuel cell stack. Another benefit of loading the fuel cell stack is that it can output a certain amount of electrical energy for use in fuel cell vehicles, allowing some of the fuel cell vehicle's functions to be used before the normal load current loads the stack. The status of the hydrogen recirculation pump is monitored in real time. Once it is detected that the hydrogen recirculation pump has defrosted, the load current of the fuel cell stack is restored to the normal load current to ensure that the fuel cell returns to normal operation.

[0051] The technical solution in this embodiment, under the condition that the hydrogen circulation pump is in a frozen state, loads the fuel cell stack by the preset maximum load current. This not only uses the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack to accelerate the defrosting process of the hydrogen circulation pump, but also uses the electrical energy generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack to power some functions of the fuel cell system, thus realizing the rapid defrosting of the hydrogen circulation pump and the rapid start-up of the fuel cell system.

[0052] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, it also includes the following steps S21-S22:

[0053] In step S21, it is determined that the gas temperature in the hydrogen circulation pump is lower than a preset freezing threshold.

[0054] In step S22, it is determined that the starting resistance of the hydrogen circulation pump is greater than the preset icing resistance; or

[0055] In step S23, it is determined that the speed of the hydrogen circulation pump cannot reach the preset speed.

[0056] In one embodiment, before starting the fuel cell stack, it is determined whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state. The rotational speed of the hydrogen circulation pump is the first criterion. If the hydrogen circulation pump can rotate, then it is obviously impossible for it to be in an icing state. If the hydrogen circulation pump cannot rotate, further analysis is needed to determine the reason for the failure to rotate. Icing will cause excessive resistance to be overcome during rotation, that is, to determine whether the starting resistance is greater than the preset icing resistance. Of course, the reason why the starting resistance is greater than the preset icing resistance is not only due to icing, but also because it may be blocked by some obstacles, so it is also necessary to measure the gas temperature in the hydrogen circulation pump. If the gas temperature is higher than the preset icing threshold, then icing can be ruled out. The icing threshold is usually 0°C. By comprehensively analyzing multiple indicators, the icing state of the hydrogen circulation pump can be determined more accurately, reducing the possibility of misjudgment. Each condition is based on different physical characteristics, and the combined use can more comprehensively cover the icing phenomenon. The above multi-condition judgment method increases the robustness and reliability of the system.

[0057] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, it also includes the following steps S31-S32:

[0058] In step S31, the first circuit generates heat in the first circuit consisting of the water pump, the fuel cell stack, the three-way valve, and the heater under the action of the water pump through the operation of the heater;

[0059] In step S32, the second circuit is connected to the first circuit, and the heat generated in the first circuit is conducted to the hydrogen circulation pump.

[0060] In one embodiment, the pre-defined defrosting cycle includes two loops and components on these loops, including a water pump, a heater, a three-way valve, and a fuel cell stack. Both the first and second loops require water pumps to provide energy for the liquid flow. In the first loop, some heat is generated by the heater, and some by the already loaded fuel cell stack. The three-way valve selects the direction of liquid flow, controlling the fluid to switch between different pipelines to optimize heat generation and transfer. In the second loop, the heat generated in the first loop is transferred to the hydrogen circulation pump. Figure 10 As shown, the dashed line consisting of the longer line segments represents the first loop, which contains a water pump, a three-way valve (CBV), a heater, and a stack. The dashed line consisting of the shorter line segments represents the second loop, which is connected to the first loop and passes through a hydrogen recirculation pump (ARB).

[0061] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, it also includes the following steps S41-S42:

[0062] In step S41, the first outlet of the three-way valve connected to the heater is opened, and the second outlet of the three-way valve not connected to the heater is closed;

[0063] In step S42, the first circuit operates at maximum power through the heater under the action of the water pump.

[0064] In one embodiment, a water pump drives the fluid to circulate in a loop, ensuring fluid flow. A heater heats the fluid, providing the heat required for the hydrogen circulation pump to defrost. A three-way valve controls the direction of fluid flow, determining the proportion of fluid passing through the heater, with the fuel cell stack serving as another heat source. Driven by the water pump, the first loop heats the fluid through the heater, forming a heat transfer loop. The three-way valve has two outlets; the first outlet connects to the heater. Opening this outlet allows the fluid to enter the heater for heating. Closing the second outlet ensures the fluid only passes through the heater, bypassing the fan area, thus ensuring all fluid passes through the heater and maximizing heat generation and transfer. The heater operates at its maximum rated power to provide maximum heat, ensuring the fluid absorbs as much heat as possible as it passes through. Efficient heat transfer and management are achieved through the water pump driving fluid circulation, the heater heating the fluid, and the three-way valve controlling the fluid path. This is particularly beneficial for defrosting hydrogen circulation pumps, enabling the rapid generation and transfer of large amounts of heat, ensuring the pump can quickly defrost and resume normal operation.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, it also includes the following step S51:

[0066] In step S51, based on the load-bearing hardware parameters and real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack, the maximum value of the load-bearing current is calculated using a preset load-bearing current model. The load-bearing hardware parameters include any one or more of the fuel cell stack standard power, fuel cell stack impedance, and fuel cell stack anode hydrogen density. The real-time temperature is the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell stack.

[0067] In one embodiment, the input parameters include the stack's load-bearing hardware parameters and real-time temperature. Further, the load-bearing hardware parameters include one or more of the following: stack standard power, stack impedance, and stack anode hydrogen density. The stack standard power refers to the power the stack can output under standard operating conditions; impedance is the stack's resistance to current flow, typically including resistive and inductive components. Higher impedance restricts current flow, affecting stack efficiency and maximum load current; stack anode hydrogen density affects the chemical reaction rate and efficiency of the fuel cell. Higher hydrogen density generally improves stack reaction efficiency, thereby increasing the maximum load current. The real-time temperature inside the stack is a dynamic parameter that affects stack performance and the maximum load current.

[0068] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, it also includes the following steps S61-S63:

[0069] In step S61, under the condition that the hydrogen circulation pump is not running, at a certain low temperature, at least two load currents are used to load the fuel cell stack until the fuel cell stack experiences a low hydrogen content, and the maximum value of the load current among the at least two load currents is recorded.

[0070] In step S62, the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list is traversed to obtain the maximum value of the load-bearing current corresponding to each low-temperature ambient temperature in the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list.

[0071] In step S63, the maximum value of the load-bearing current corresponding to each low-temperature ambient temperature in the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list is used to train a preset artificial intelligence model to obtain the preset load-bearing current model.

[0072] In one embodiment, the preset load-bearing current model is established under conditions of consistency and controllability, and the maximum load-bearing current of the fuel cell stack is tested at low temperatures. Load tests are performed on the fuel cell stack until a hydrogen shortage occurs, i.e., insufficient hydrogen supply, leading to performance degradation or shutdown. By testing different load currents, the maximum current that the fuel cell stack can withstand in low-temperature environments is determined. Using a preset list of low-temperature environments, the maximum load-bearing current corresponding to each low-temperature environment in the list is systematically tested. Through multiple experiments, the maximum load-bearing current of the fuel cell stack at each low-temperature environment is recorded, forming a set of data charts, as shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3. The data in Table 1 is at -30℃, testing and recording the correspondence between various load currents and the low-temperature state of the fuel cell stack. Table 2 shows the data tested and recorded at -20℃, and Table 3 shows the data tested and recorded at -10℃.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075] Table 2

[0076]

[0077] Table 3

[0078]

[0079] Using a recorded dataset to train an artificial intelligence model, once trained, it can predict the maximum load current of the fuel cell stack at different low-temperature environments. The technical solution in this embodiment establishes an accurate load current model. Based on experimental data and artificial intelligence technology, this model accurately predicts the maximum load current of the fuel cell stack, especially under extreme low-temperature conditions, thus avoiding the occurrence of low-hydrogen single-low conditions.

[0080] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, it also includes the following step S71:

[0081] In step S71, while loading the fuel cell stack with the maximum preset load current, one or more of the drain valve and the nitrogen discharge valve are opened at a low-temperature opening frequency, wherein the low-temperature opening frequency is higher than the normal opening frequency of the drain valve and the nitrogen discharge valve when the hydrogen circulation pump is in normal condition.

[0082] In one embodiment, loading the fuel cell stack will reduce the hydrogen concentration at the stack anode. The frequency of cryogenic start-up is higher than the normal start-up frequency when the hydrogen circulation pump is in normal condition. Opening the drain valve and nitrogen vent valve at a higher frequency can increase the hydrogen concentration at the stack anode to a certain extent. The higher hydrogen concentration can further increase the maximum load current of the fuel cell stack and reduce the possibility of low current in the fuel cell stack.

[0083] In one embodiment, Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating a cold start device for a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 8 As shown, the cold start device for the fuel cell includes a judgment module 81, a heat conduction module 82, and an operation module 83.

[0084] The judgment module 81 is used to determine whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state.

[0085] The heat conduction module 82 is used to run a preset defrost cycle if the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, load the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current, and conduct the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrost cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state.

[0086] The operation module 83 is used to load the fuel cell stack with normal load current after the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, so that the fuel cell can operate normally.

[0087] The determination module 81, the heat conduction module 82, and the operation module 83 included in the block diagram of the cold start device for a fuel cell are controlled to execute the cold start method for a fuel cell described in any of the above embodiments.

[0088] like Figure 9 As shown, the present invention provides a computing device 900 (or electronic device 900), the computing device comprising:

[0089] Communication interface, processor 901, memory 902;

[0090] The memory 902 stores program instructions. When the processor 901, which is connected to the memory 902 via the communication interface, executes the program instructions, it determines whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state. If the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, a preset defrosting cycle is run to load the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current. The heat generated by the operation of the preset defrosting cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack is transferred to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state. After the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, the fuel cell stack is loaded with a normal load current to enable the fuel cell to operate normally.

[0091] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions. When executed by a processor, the computer program instructions determine whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state. If the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, a preset defrosting cycle is run to load the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current, and the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrosting cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack is conducted to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state. After the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, the fuel cell stack is loaded with a normal load current to enable the fuel cell to operate normally.

[0092] It should be understood that the specific features, operations, and details described above regarding the method of the present invention can also be similarly applied to the apparatus and system of the present invention, or vice versa. Furthermore, each step of the method of the present invention described above can be performed by a corresponding component or unit of the apparatus or system of the present invention.

[0093] It should be understood that the various modules / units of the device of the present invention can be implemented wholly or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. Each module / unit can be embedded in the processor of a computer device in hardware or firmware form or independent of the processor, or it can be stored in the memory of a computer device in software form for the processor to call to execute the operation of each module / unit. Each module / unit can be implemented as an independent component or module, or two or more modules / units can be implemented as a single component or module.

[0094] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores computer instructions executable by the processor, which, when executed by the processor, instruct the processor to perform steps of the methods of embodiments of the present invention. The computer device can be broadly categorized as a server, terminal, or any other electronic device / computing device with the necessary computing and / or processing capabilities. In one embodiment, the computer device may include a processor, memory, network interface, communication interface, etc., connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device can be used to provide the necessary computing, processing, and / or control capabilities. The memory of the computer device may include a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium may store an operating system, computer programs, etc. The internal memory can provide an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface and communication interface of the computer device can be used to connect and communicate with external devices via a network. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it performs the steps of the methods of the present invention.

[0095] This invention can be implemented as a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, causes the steps of the methods of embodiments of the invention to be performed. In one embodiment, the computer program is distributed across multiple network-coupled computer devices or processors, such that the computer program is stored, accessed, and executed in a distributed manner by one or more computer devices or processors. A single method step / operation, or two or more method steps / operations, may be executed by a single computer device or processor or by two or more computer devices or processors. One or more method steps / operations may be executed by one or more computer devices or processors, and one or more other method steps / operations may be executed by one or more other computer devices or processors. One or more computer devices or processors may execute a single method step / operation, or execute two or more method steps / operations.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will understand that the method steps of this invention can be performed by a computer program instructing related hardware, such as a computer device or processor. The computer program can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and its execution causes the steps of this invention to be performed. Depending on the context, any references herein to memory, storage, databases, or other media may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic tape, floppy disk, magneto-optical data storage device, optical data storage device, hard disk, solid-state drive, etc. Examples of volatile memory include random access memory (RAM), external cache memory, etc.

[0097] The technical features described above can be combined arbitrarily. Although not all possible combinations of these technical features are described, any combination of these technical features should be considered to be covered by this specification, provided that such combination does not contain contradictions.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold start method for a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: Determine if the hydrogen circulation pump is frozen; If the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, a preset defrosting cycle is run to load the fuel cell stack with the maximum preset load current, and the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrosting cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack is transferred to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state. After the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, the fuel cell stack is loaded with normal load current to enable the fuel cell to operate normally. The preset defrosting cycle includes a water pump, a heater, a three-way valve, an electric stack, a first circuit, and a second circuit, wherein... The first circuit generates heat in the first circuit consisting of the water pump, the fuel cell stack, the three-way valve, and the heater under the action of the water pump; The second circuit is connected to the first circuit and conducts the heat generated in the first circuit to the hydrogen circulation pump; Based on the load-bearing hardware parameters and real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack, the maximum value of the load-bearing current is calculated using a preset load-bearing current model. The load-bearing hardware parameters include any one or more of the fuel cell stack standard power, fuel cell stack impedance, and fuel cell stack anode hydrogen density. The real-time temperature is the real-time temperature inside the fuel cell stack.

2. The cold start method for a fuel cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state includes: before starting the fuel cell stack, determining whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state based on the following conditions: Determine if the gas temperature in the hydrogen circulation pump is below the preset icing threshold; or Determine if the starting resistance of the hydrogen circulation pump is greater than the preset icing resistance; or It was determined that the speed of the hydrogen circulation pump could not reach the preset speed.

3. The cold start method for a fuel cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first circuit, operated by the water pump and via the heater, generates heat in the first circuit consisting of the water pump, the fuel cell stack, the three-way valve, and the heater, including: Open the first outlet of the three-way valve that is connected to the heater, and close the second outlet of the three-way valve that is not connected to the heater; The first circuit operates at maximum power through the heater under the action of the water pump.

4. The cold start method for a fuel cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of the preset load-bearing current model includes: Under the condition that the hydrogen circulation pump is not running, at a certain low temperature, the fuel cell stack is subjected to at least two load currents until the fuel cell stack experiences a low hydrogen level, and the maximum value of the load current among the at least two load currents is recorded. Traverse the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list to obtain the maximum value of the load current corresponding to each low-temperature ambient temperature in the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list. Based on the maximum value of the load-bearing current corresponding to each low-temperature ambient temperature in the preset low-temperature ambient temperature list, the preset load-bearing current model is obtained by training a preset artificial intelligence model.

5. The cold start method for a fuel cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: While loading the fuel cell stack with the preset maximum load current, one or more of the drain valve and nitrogen vent valve are opened at a cryogenic opening frequency, wherein the cryogenic opening frequency is higher than the normal opening frequency of the drain valve and nitrogen vent valve when the hydrogen circulation pump is in normal condition.

6. A cold start device for a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The judgment module is used to determine whether the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state; The heat conduction module is used to run a preset defrost cycle if the hydrogen circulation pump is in an icing state, load the fuel cell stack with a preset maximum load current, and conduct the heat generated by the operation of the preset defrost cycle and the loading of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen circulation pump in the icing state. The operation module is used to load the fuel cell stack with a normal load current after the hydrogen circulation pump is de-iced, so that the fuel cell can operate normally. The preset defrosting cycle includes a water pump, a heater, a three-way valve, an electric stack, a first circuit, and a second circuit. The first circuit, driven by the water pump and operated by the heater, generates heat in the circuit consisting of the water pump, the electric stack, the three-way valve, and the heater. The second circuit is connected to the first circuit and conducts the heat generated in the first circuit to the hydrogen circulation pump. Based on the load-bearing hardware parameters of the electric stack and the real-time temperature, the maximum load-bearing current is calculated using a preset load-bearing current model. The load-bearing hardware parameters include one or more of the electric stack standard power, electric stack impedance, and electric stack anode hydrogen density. The real-time temperature is the real-time temperature inside the electric stack.

7. A computing device, characterized in that, include: Communication interface, processor, memory; The memory is used to store program instructions, which, when executed by the processor that is communicatively connected to the memory via the communication interface, cause the computing device to implement the cold start method of the fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer causes the computer to implement the cold start method for the fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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