Compact type dynamic polarization agility and wave beam two-dimensional reconfigurable antenna and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a compact type dynamic polarization agility and wave beam two-dimensional reconfigurable antenna and a control method, the structure comprises a guide layer substrate, the surface of the guide layer substrate is provided with four groups of reconfigurable metal wires, and each group comprises five metal wire segments connected through microwave diodes and a back bias circuit; the parasitic layer substrate is provided with a circular metal patch of which the radius is 0.2 lambda 0; a multilayer substrate is driven, and a radiation patch, a grounding layer and a feed network layer with a single-pole six-throw switch are integrated. According to the system, the polarization state of the single-pole six-throw switch and the bias voltage of the four groups of leading metal wires are synchronously controlled through 12-bit digital codes, so that 96 working mode codes are generated, the azimuth angle of a wave beam covers 0-360 degrees, and the pitch angle of the wave beam covers-30 degrees to + 30 degrees. According to the invention, the beam radiation state theoretically has 96 polarization and beam states, the radiation beam can change in two dimensions, the azimuth angle ranges from 0 to 360 degrees, and the pitch angle ranges from-30 to + 30 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a compact, dynamically polarized, agile, and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antenna and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] The development of modern antenna technology places increasingly higher demands on the integration of antenna systems, especially in terms of multifunctionality, miniaturization, and adaptive beam adjustment. Programmable multifunctional reconfigurable antenna technology offers a degree of feasibility for addressing this issue. Frequency, radiation pattern, and polarization are the fundamental characteristic parameters of an antenna, and antenna functionality can be classified based on these three fundamental parameters. From a technical perspective, frequency-reconfigurable antennas can switch between multiple frequencies to adapt to different communication standards. Polarization-reconfigurable antennas can change the polarization of transmitted and received signals, improving the reliability of signal transmission. Radiation mode-reconfigurable antennas can adjust the radiation direction and gain as needed to optimize coverage and signal strength. Designing antennas that are small in size, multifunctional, and easily implement diversity applications has become a hot research topic in antenna technology.

[0003] Modern printed circuit board (PCB) technology is highly mature. The process of transforming electronic designs into actual circuit boards involves a series of steps from design to finished product. PCB antenna fabrication technology can be well utilized in the microwave frequency band. Its planar characteristics can effectively reduce the profile height of radiating antennas and facilitate integration, providing technical support for the fabrication of multifunctional, highly integrated antennas.

[0004] A phased array antenna consists of multiple radiating elements (such as antenna elements and transmitters). These elements achieve beamforming and direction adjustment through phase control. By changing the phase difference of the transmitted signals from each element, a composite wave is formed, causing the beam to point in the desired direction. The manufacturing and maintenance costs of phased array antennas are relatively high, especially active phased array antennas. In existing antenna designs, due to the limited space in mobile terminals, it is impossible to accommodate antennas with multiple functions, thus creating challenges for low-power, miniaturized, and multifunctional antennas. In some small systems, such as small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, developing integrated antennas with small beam control and anti-interference capabilities is particularly important. Therefore, researching integrated multifunctional antennas with novel control methods is currently a research hotspot. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compact, dynamically polarized, agile, and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antenna and its control method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Compact, dynamically polarized, agile, and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antennas, including: The guide layer substrate has four sets of reconfigurable metal lines on its surface. Each set contains five metal lines connected by microwave diodes and a back bias circuit. Parasitic layer substrate with a circular metal patch of radius 0.2λ0; It drives a multi-layer substrate, integrating a radiating patch, a grounding layer, and a feed network layer with a single-pole six-throw switch.

[0007] Preferably, the back bias line of the reconfigurable metal line is led to the back side of the substrate through a metallized via and a chip inductor is soldered at intervals.

[0008] Preferably, the coaxial structure consists of a centrally fed probe and six annular array metal isolation pillars.

[0009] Preferably, an antenna control method, implemented based on FPGA programming, includes: The polarization state of the single-pole six-throw switch (336) and the bias voltage of the four leads to the metal wires are synchronously controlled by 12-bit digital encoding. Generate 96 working mode codes (as shown in Appendix 1) to enable the beam azimuth angle to cover 0-360 degrees and the elevation angle to cover -30 degrees to +30 degrees.

[0010]

[0011] Appendix Table 1 lists the 25 antenna operating states selected in this invention and their corresponding coding modes. This invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the entire antenna of this invention is mainly manufactured using PCB technology, which is simple to manufacture, lightweight, has a small cross-section, and the antenna has only one unit, making it miniaturized and easy to integrate into design. Second, this invention achieves rapid switching between six linear polarization states of the antenna by controlling the programming sequence of the microwave diode, thereby improving the antenna's polarization anti-interference performance. Third, the beam radiation state of the present invention theoretically has a total of 96 polarizations and beam states. The radiation beam can vary in two dimensions, with an azimuth angle range of 0 to 360 degrees and an elevation angle range of -30 to +30 degrees. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the annular reconfigurable guide metal wire dielectric layer substrate structure in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the parasitic metal patch layer substrate in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a driving layer substrate in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the grounding layer structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polarization agile DC bias feed network layer substrate in this invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the assembly structure of the antenna element in this invention; Figure 7 This is a front view of the multilayer substrate for driving the antenna in this invention; Figure 8 The reflection coefficient |S11| is the result of simulation under 25 beam states in this invention. Figure 9 The reflection coefficient |S11| is the result of testing under 25 beam states in this invention. Figure 10 The three-dimensional radiation pattern is a simulation of 25 beam states in this invention. Figure 11 This is a two-dimensional pattern of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k1 polarization simulated in this invention; Figure 12 This is a two-dimensional pattern of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k2 polarization simulated in this invention; Figure 13 This is a two-dimensional pattern of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k3 polarization simulated in this invention; Figure 14 This is a two-dimensional pattern of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k4 polarization simulated in this invention; Figure 15 This is a two-dimensional pattern of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k5 polarization simulated in this invention; Figure 16 This is a two-dimensional pattern of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k6 polarization simulated in this invention; Figure 17 The radiation efficiency is calculated for states b1, b6, b11, b15, b20, and b23 in the simulation of this invention. Figure 18 The peak gain in states b1, b6, b11, b15, b20, and b23 simulated in this invention; Figure 19 The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross-polarization of b1, b4 and b5 tested in this invention are shown. Figure 20 The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarizations and cross-polarizations of b6, b9, and b10 tested in this invention are shown. Figure 21The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross-polarization of b15, b16 and b17 tested in this invention; Figure 22 The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarizations and cross-polarizations of b23, b24, and b25 tested in this invention are shown. Figure 23 This refers to the radiation efficiency as a function of frequency under states b1, b6, b15, and b23 tested in this invention. Figure 24 The peak gain as a function of frequency is given by the test results for states b1, b6, b15, and b23 in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0015] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a compact dynamic polarization agile and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antenna includes a circular reconfigurable lead-metal wire dielectric layer substrate 1, a parasitic metal patch layer substrate 2, and a driving antenna multilayer substrate 3. Positioning holes 4 are formed on the surfaces of all three substrates, and they are fixed together by plastic screws 5 and studs 61 through the positioning holes 4. Four sets of reconfigurable lead-metal wires 12 are arranged on the upper surface of the circular reconfigurable lead-metal wire dielectric layer substrate 1. Metal patches 21 are disposed on the upper surface of the parasitic metal patch layer substrate 2. The driving antenna multilayer substrate 3 includes a driving layer substrate 31, an adhesive layer substrate 7, and a polarization agile DC bias feed network layer substrate 33.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, the reconfigurable guide metal line 12 includes five metal line segments 121, three microwave diodes 122, one surface-mount capacitor 123, and a DC bias circuit 124. Metal line segments A1 and A2 are connected via microwave diodes 122, A2 and A3 are connected via microwave diodes 122, and A4 and A5 are connected via microwave diodes 122; a surface-mount capacitor 123 connects two short metal line segments A3 and A4. Metal line segments A2 and A4 are connected to control port 127 via the bias circuit, and metal line segments A1, A3, and A5 are connected to control port 128 via the bias circuit. Control port 127 is a ground port, and control port 128 is a director signal input port. To avoid crossing with metal line segments A1, A3, and A5, the DC bias line connecting metal line segments A2 and A4 extends through metallized vias to bias lines 125 and 129 on the back side of substrate 1. All DC bias lines on substrate 1 are soldered with surface mount inductors 126 at regular intervals.

[0017] like Figure 2As shown, the upper surface of the parasitic metal patch layer substrate 2 is a circular metal patch 21 with a radius of 16.4 mm.

[0018] like Figure 3 As shown, the upper surface metal layer of the driving layer substrate 31 includes a circular radiating patch 311 with a radius of 10.4 mm and a square feed patch 312 with a side length of 4.8 mm. A metallized via feed probe 313 with a diameter of 0.8 mm is provided in the center of the square feed patch 312, which is connected to a coaxial feed via 3372 of the polarization-agile DC bias feed network layer substrate 33. A grounding blind via 315 extends to the lower surface of the driving layer substrate 31 through a metallized via and connects to a grounding via 316; the grounding via 316 then connects to a grounding via 323 of the grounding layer 32 through a metallized via.

[0019] like Figure 4 As shown, the grounding layer 32 is a metal layer on the upper surface of the polarization agile DC bias feed network layer substrate 33, with six hollowed-out areas 321 with a diameter of 2.3 mm distributed in its center. The grounding layer 32 is connected to the grounding control port 324 through a metal wire.

[0020] like Figure 5 As shown, the lower surface of the polarization-agile DC bias feed network layer substrate 33 includes a total feed port 331, a 5.8 pF DC blocking capacitor 332, a total microstrip feed line 333, a grounding hole 334, a single-pole six-throw switch 336, a coaxial feed structure 337, a signal control port 3381, and a grounding control port 339. The single-pole six-throw switch 336 consists of six microwave diodes 3361, peripheral bias circuit lines 338, a sector-shaped AC blocking inductor 335, and a control port 3381, and is controlled by inputting programming sequence signals through the peripheral interface FPGA. The coaxial feed structure 337 has a feed probe 3372 at its center, surrounded by six identical metal isolation pillars 3371.

[0021] The metal layers of the circular reconfigurable guide metal line dielectric layer substrate 1, the parasitic metal patch layer substrate 2, and the driving antenna multilayer board substrate 3 all employ 18 or 35 micrometer PCB process copper plating. Of the five metal line segments 121, A1, A2, and A5 are 9.8 mm long, A3 and A4 are 4.6 mm long, and all are 2 mm wide; all DC bias lines are 0.15 mm wide. The control ports 127, 128, 3381, and 339 are standard I / O ports, connected to the I / O ports and GND port of the external control FPGA via data lines, enabling dynamic control of 96 antenna operating states through programming. The entire antenna element measures 90 mm × 90 mm × 17.894 mm.

[0022] As shown in Appendix Table 1, this is a table of coding modes for 25 of the 96 states of the antenna element.

[0023] Figure 8 The simulation demonstrates the reflection coefficient |S11| under 25 different beam configurations. Figure 9 The reflection coefficient |S11| is displayed under 25 beam states tested. Figure 10 The simulation displays three-dimensional radiation patterns for 25 different beam states. Figure 11 The simulation shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization under k1 polarization; Figure 12 The simulation shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross-polarization under k2 polarization; Figure 13 The simulation shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization under k3 polarization; Figure 14 The simulation shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization under k4 polarization; Figure 15 The simulation shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization under k5 polarization; Figure 16 The simulation shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization under k6 polarization; Figure 17 The simulation demonstrates the radiation efficiency under states b1, b6, b11, b15, b20, and b23. Figure 18 The simulation demonstrates the peak gain under states b1, b6, b11, b15, b20, and b23. Figure 19 The test shows the two-dimensional polarization and cross-polarization patterns of b1, b4, and b5. Figure 20 The test shows the two-dimensional polarization and cross-polarization patterns of b6, b9, and b10. Figure 21 The test shows the two-dimensional polarization and cross-polarization patterns of b15, b16, and b17. Figure 22 The test shows the two-dimensional polarization and cross-polarization patterns of b23, b24, and b25. Figure 23 The test demonstrates the radiation efficiency as a function of frequency under states b1, b6, b15, and b23. Figure 24 The peak gain as a function of frequency is shown under test states b1, b6, b15, and b23. The technical effects can be obtained from the above: This design features 96 dynamic switching modes: polarization (6 modes) and beam direction (16 modes) are controlled by 12-bit encoding (D1-D12); Ultra-compact structure: Overall dimensions are only 1.09λ0×1.09λ0×0.217λ0 (actual measurement 90×90×17.894mm); Performance metrics: Reflection coefficient ||S 11 ||<-10dB ( Figure 8-9 ); Radiation efficiency > 65% Figure 17 ,twenty three); Cross-polarization ratio <-15dB Figure 11-16 ).

[0024] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A compact, dynamically polarized, agile, and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antenna, characterized in that, include: The guide layer substrate (1) has four sets of reconfigurable metal lines (12) on its surface, each set containing five metal lines connected by microwave diodes and a back bias circuit; Parasitic layer substrate (2), with a circular metal patch (21) of radius 0.2λ0; The driving multilayer substrate (3) integrates a radiating patch (311), a ground layer (32), and a feed network layer (33) with a single-pole six-throw switch (336).

2. The compact dynamic polarization agile and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back bias lines (125) and (129) of the reconfigurable metal line (12) are led to the back side of the substrate through metallized vias and are spaced and soldered with chip inductors (126).

3. The compact dynamic polarization agile and beam-reconfigurable two-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial structure (337) consists of a central feed probe (3372) and six annular array metal isolation pillars (3371).

4. An antenna control method, implemented based on FPGA programming, characterized in that, include: The polarization state of the single-pole six-throw switch (336) and the bias voltage of the four leads to the metal wires are synchronously controlled by 12-bit digital encoding. It generates 96 working mode codes, enabling the beam azimuth angle to cover 0-360 degrees and the elevation angle to cover -30 degrees to +30 degrees.

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