Insulator dual-mode de-icing system and method based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting

Abstract

The application discloses a double-mode ice removing system and method based on magnetic composite vibration energy capturing for insulators, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem monitors the ice and snow thickness on the surface of the insulator in real time, generates and sends an ice removing trigger signal when the monitored ice and snow thickness reaches a preset threshold. The energy storage subsystem receives and stores the electric energy transmitted by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy capturing subsystem, and provides the required electric energy for the insulator mechanical ice removing subsystem and the insulator heat source ice removing subsystem according to the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem. The insulator mechanical ice removing subsystem breaks ice through mechanical force, and the insulator heat source ice removing subsystem melts ice through hot air. The insulator mechanical ice removing subsystem and the insulator heat source ice removing subsystem cooperatively form a double-mode ice removing mode of mechanical ice breaking and hot air ice melting. The application solves the problems of high risk of traditional ice removing, difficulty in continuously monitoring ice thickness and difficulty in energy supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power transmission line maintenance technology, specifically relating to a dual-mode de-icing system and method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting. Background Technology

[0002] In modern power transmission systems, insulators are key components ensuring the safe and stable operation of transmission lines, and their performance directly affects the reliability of power supply. However, in cold regions, insulators face severe challenges from icing. When the surface of an insulator is covered with ice, the thick ice shell significantly increases the load on the insulator, sometimes exceeding the load-bearing capacity of the tower, causing the tower to tilt and collapse, which in turn leads to transmission line breakage and large-scale power outages.

[0003] On the other hand, icing on insulators severely affects their electrical insulation performance. The presence of ice reduces the creepage distance of the insulator, and ice bridging can easily form between adjacent skirts. During the de-icing process, the melting of ice also changes the conductivity of the surrounding environment. The combined effect of these factors can easily trigger insulator flashover, where the gas or liquid electrolyte on the insulator surface breaks down, causing a discharge that damages the insulating material on the insulator surface, resulting in permanent damage and seriously threatening the safe operation of transmission lines.

[0004] Currently, traditional insulator de-icing methods mainly fall into two categories: mechanical de-icing and thermal de-icing. Mechanical de-icing typically relies on manual knocking with tools or scraping with mechanical equipment to remove the ice layer. This method is not only inefficient and consumes a lot of manpower and resources, but it is also prone to causing mechanical damage to the insulators during operation, affecting their service life. Thermal de-icing mainly uses heating devices to melt the ice on the surface of the insulator, such as using DC de-icing technology. However, it suffers from high energy consumption and requires power outages, which limits its practical application and makes it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale, efficient, and safe de-icing.

[0005] Furthermore, regarding energy acquisition, the environment in which transmission lines are located contains abundant vibration energy, such as the vibration of conductors caused by wind and electrodynamic forces. However, existing energy harvesting technologies struggle to efficiently and stably convert this vibration energy into electrical energy to power insulator de-icing equipment. Traditional energy harvesting devices, such as piezoelectric energy harvesters, have narrow operating bandwidths and poor adaptability to environmental vibration frequencies; electromagnetic energy harvesters suffer from low energy conversion efficiency. This often forces insulator de-icing equipment to rely on external power sources, and in remote areas or harsh environments, the stability of the power supply is difficult to guarantee, hindering the effective implementation of de-icing operations.

[0006] In conclusion, developing an efficient, reliable, energy-saving, and self-powered insulator de-icing system is of great practical significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of power transmission lines in cold regions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address these issues, this invention provides a dual-mode de-icing system and method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting. This solves the problems of traditional de-icing methods, such as high risk, difficulty in continuously monitoring ice thickness, and difficulty in powering de-icing equipment in cold regions; as well as the low efficiency of single-mode de-icing, easy thermal damage to ceramic bodies, low monitoring reliability, and difficulty in stable system operation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, comprising an electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem, an energy storage subsystem, an insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem, an insulator heat source de-icing subsystem, and an ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem.

[0009] The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem, the energy storage subsystem, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem, and the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem are all assembled on a single insulator. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem is detachably connected to the bottom of the transmission line suspension clamp via its own screw holes. The energy storage subsystem is fixedly connected to the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem. The insulator heat source de-icing subsystem is stacked on top of the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem is clamped and fixed to the bottom of the insulator skirt, directly contacting and monitoring the ice and snow condition at the insulator skirt.

[0010] The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem monitors the ice and snow thickness on the insulator surface in real time. When the ice and snow thickness reaches a preset threshold, it generates and sends a de-icing trigger signal. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem captures the vibration energy generated at the suspension clamp of the transmission line and converts the captured vibration energy into electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the energy storage subsystem. The energy storage subsystem receives and stores the electrical energy transmitted by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem. Based on the de-icing trigger signal sent by the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem, the energy storage subsystem provides the electrical energy required for operation to the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem. After receiving the electrical energy, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem breaks the ice through mechanical force, and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem melts the ice through hot air. The insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem work together to form a dual-mode de-icing system of mechanical ice breaking and hot air ice melting.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem includes a wire clamp connecting steel plate, wire clamp bolt holes, damping ribs, damping spring supports, damping springs, damping spring hanging points, vibration energy harvesting beams, energy harvesting crystals, positive terminals of the energy harvesting crystal's electrical energy output ports, negative terminals of the energy harvesting crystal's electrical energy output ports, counterweights, and counterweight locking screws.

[0012] The wire clamp connecting steel plate has wire clamp bolt holes, and the positions of the wire clamp bolt holes are consistent with the positions of the suspension wire clamp screw holes; the shock-absorbing ribs and the shock-absorbing spring supports are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom end of the wire clamp connecting steel plate, and the shock-absorbing ribs and the shock-absorbing spring supports are fixedly connected to the wire clamp connecting steel plate.

[0013] The damping spring is installed at the bottom of the damping spring support. The damping spring is fixedly connected to the damping spring support and does not contact the steel plate connected by the wire clamp. One end of the damping spring hanging point is fixedly connected to the vibration energy harvesting beam, and the other end of the damping spring hanging point is fixedly connected to the damping spring.

[0014] The energy-harvesting crystal is fixed to the vibrating energy-harvesting beam in a sleeve-type manner. The positive and negative terminals of the energy-harvesting crystal's electrical output ports are respectively fixedly connected to the energy-harvesting crystal. The counterweight is fixed to the vibrating energy-harvesting beam by the counterweight locking screw.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the damping rib and the damping spring form a dual-stage damping structure; when the vibration amplitude at the line clamp of the transmission line exceeds the working range of the energy harvesting crystal, the damping spring filters and reduces the vibration, and the damping rib enhances the overall rigidity of the steel plate connecting the line clamp.

[0016] When the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal, the damping spring acts as a connection, and the vibration is transmitted to the energy-harvesting crystal through the vibration energy-harvesting beam, causing the energy-harvesting crystal to generate current.

[0017] The resonant frequency under different working conditions can be matched by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights and adjusting the tightness of the counterweight locking screws.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the energy storage subsystem includes an energy unit shell, a battery bracket, a battery, a positive energy input interface, a negative energy input interface, a positive energy output interface, a negative energy output interface, connecting screw holes, and an inverter rectifier controller.

[0019] The battery bracket is fixedly connected to the energy unit housing, and the battery bracket is also bonded to the battery; the positive terminal of the energy input interface, the negative terminal of the energy input interface, the positive terminal of the energy output interface, and the negative terminal of the energy output interface are all fixed on the inverter rectifier controller;

[0020] The connecting screw holes are located on the outer shell of the energy unit; the inverter rectifier controller is used to invert and rectify the energy captured by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem, and to control the charging and discharging of the battery.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the mechanical de-icing subsystem for insulators includes a de-icing cover, a driving bearing, a driven bearing, a driving motor, a connecting rod, an external clamp for the insulator, an internal clamp for the insulator, and a connecting electromagnet.

[0022] The outer clamp and the inner clamp of the insulator are fixed to the insulator by the connecting electromagnet. The outer clamp and the inner clamp together support the de-icing cover, the driving bearing, the driven bearing and the driving motor.

[0023] The active motor is fixedly connected to the outer clamp of the insulator and provides power to the active bearing; the driven bearing is fixedly connected to the inner shell of the de-icing cover; the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected to the active bearing and the driven bearing, the active motor drives the active bearing to rotate, and the connecting rod drives the driven bearing and the de-icing cover to move to achieve mechanical ice breaking.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem includes a hot air system protective shell, an air inlet grille, an air inlet baffle, a hot air outlet, an air outlet baffle, an air inlet grille control motor, an air outlet baffle control motor, a hot air fan, a heating furnace, and a control circuit.

[0025] The hot air system protective housing is placed on top of the de-icing cover; the air inlet grille is fixed to the rear of the hot air system protective housing; the air inlet baffle is connected to the hot air system protective housing via the air inlet grille control motor, and the air inlet grille control motor drives the air inlet baffle to open and close; the air outlet baffle is connected to the hot air system protective housing via the air outlet baffle control motor, and the air outlet baffle control motor drives the air outlet baffle to open and close to achieve zoned de-icing;

[0026] The hot air fan, the heating furnace, and the control circuit are all fixed inside the protective shell of the hot air system; the control circuit is used to control the start and stop of the heating furnace and the hot air fan, and the control circuit controls the opening and closing of the air outlet damper according to the signal of the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem includes a resistance monitoring module, an insulator connecting steel rod, an insulator clamping steel plate, clamping screw holes, a resistance bridge support rod, a resistance bridge measurement channel, a resistance bridge housing, and a resistance bridge.

[0028] The resistance monitoring module is fixedly connected to both the insulator connecting steel rod and the resistance bridge support rod. The upper end of the insulator connecting steel rod is fixedly connected to the insulator clamping steel plate, and the clamping screw hole is provided on the insulator clamping steel plate to provide clamping force to fix the insulator skirt. The end of the resistance bridge support rod away from the resistance monitoring module is fixedly connected to the resistance bridge housing. The resistance bridge is disposed inside the resistance bridge housing, and the two ends of the resistance bridge are connected through the resistance bridge measurement channel.

[0029] Ice and snow seep into the housing of the resistance bridge through the measurement channel, changing the resistance value of the resistance bridge. The resistance monitoring module converts the resistance change into ice and snow thickness data.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, the circuit of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem includes a switch, a coil, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a sliding resistor, a heating coil, a first rectifier bridge, a second rectifier bridge, a third rectifier bridge, and a fan motor.

[0031] The switch control circuit has overall current flow; the coil acts as a fuse, blowing when the circuit current is greater than 10A; the first capacitor and the fourth capacitor act as rectifiers, the second capacitor filters out the voltage ripple after rectification, and the third capacitor reduces current fluctuations.

[0032] The first resistor acts as a voltage divider, the second resistor prevents excessive circuit current, the third resistor absorbs surge voltage, and the fourth resistor absorbs voltage spikes across the thyristor to avoid false triggering. The fifth resistor limits current, divides voltage, and works in conjunction with the thyristor trigger circuit to ensure stable operation. The sliding resistor adjusts the conduction angle of the bidirectional thyristor to change the voltage of the fan motor, achieving stepless speed regulation.

[0033] The heating coil is electrically connected to the heating furnace and is used to heat the air; the first rectifier bridge reduces current fluctuations, the second rectifier bridge ensures that the circuit operates normally after being connected to AC power, and the third rectifier bridge converts AC power into pulsating DC power for use by the control circuit; the fan motor is driven by the hot air fan and controls the rotation of the hot air fan.

[0034] This invention also provides a dual-mode de-icing method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step 1, Energy Capture and Storage: Vibration energy at the suspension clamp of the transmission line is captured by an electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem. The damping spring and counterweight in the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem are adaptively adjusted to realize broadband vibration conversion to generate electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is processed by an inverter rectifier controller and then transmitted to the battery of the energy storage subsystem for storage.

[0036] Step 2, monitoring the thickness of ice and snow: The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem installed at the bottom of the insulator skirt continuously monitors the ice and snow on the surface of the insulator. The resistance bridge in the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem receives the infiltrated ice and snow through the resistance bridge measurement channel. The ice and snow change the resistance value of the resistance bridge, and the resistance monitoring module converts the resistance change into ice and snow thickness data.

[0037] Step 3, Dual-mode de-icing decision and execution: If the ice and snow thickness data monitored in Step 2 exceeds the preset threshold, the energy storage subsystem sends an action signal to the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem; when the ice and snow thickness is greater than the preset thickness value, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem is activated first. The active motor of the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem drives the active bearing to rotate, which drives the driven bearing and the de-icing cover to move through the connecting rod. The de-icing cover applies mechanical stress to break the ice shell instantly; for residual thin ice or wet snow, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem is activated. The heating furnace of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem generates hot air, and the hot air fan delivers the hot air to the hot air outlet. The outlet baffle is controlled by the motor to drive the outlet baffle to open and close, realizing directional spray hot air to melt the ice;

[0038] Step 4, De-icing effect verification and closed-loop control: After completing the de-icing operation in Step 3, the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem monitors the ice and snow thickness of the insulator again. If the ice and snow have been removed, it returns to the continuous monitoring state in Step 2; if there is still ice and snow remaining, the de-icing operation in Step 3 is repeated until the ice and snow are removed.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, in step 1, the damping ribs and damping springs of the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem form a two-stage damping structure; when the vibration amplitude at the line clamp of the transmission line exceeds the working range of the energy harvesting crystal, the damping spring filters and reduces the vibration, and the damping ribs enhance the overall rigidity of the steel plate connecting the line clamp; when the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the energy harvesting crystal, the damping spring acts as a connector, and the vibration is transmitted to the energy harvesting crystal through the vibration energy harvesting beam, causing the energy harvesting crystal to generate current, and the current is transmitted to the inverter rectifier controller through the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the energy output port of the energy harvesting crystal.

[0040] As a preferred scheme for the dual-mode de-icing method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, in step 1, the resonant frequency under different working conditions is matched by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights and adjusting the tightness of the counterweight locking screws.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-mode de-icing method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, in step 3, the control circuit of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem controls the opening and closing state of the air outlet baffle according to the ice and snow thickness data sent by the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem, matching the de-icing needs of different areas; after de-icing is completed, the air inlet grille control motor drives the air inlet baffle to close, preventing foreign objects from entering the interior of the hot air system protective shell.

[0042] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0043] First, the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem captures the vibration energy of the transmission line suspension clamps. Combined with the adaptive adjustment of the damping spring and counterweight, it achieves efficient conversion of wide-frequency vibration. The electrical energy is processed by the inverter rectifier controller and stored in the energy storage subsystem, forming a completely grid-independent energy system. It can continue to operate in extremely cold environments of -40℃, with a maintenance-free period of up to 3 years, which greatly reduces the operation and maintenance costs of equipment in uninhabited areas such as plateaus and glaciers.

[0044] Secondly, it integrates a dual-mode mechanism of mechanical ice breaking and hot air ice melting, dynamically coordinating based on millimeter-level ice thickness data from the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem. The mechanical de-icing system applies mechanical stress to instantly break the ice through the de-icing hood, while the hot air de-icing system precisely melts the ice by directionally spraying 120°C hot air through five independent baffles. This improves de-icing efficiency by 2.3 times compared to the single-mode approach, and the combined rigid and flexible graded treatment method avoids thermal damage to the insulator porcelain body.

[0045] Third, after the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem triggers de-icing, the energy storage subsystem provides precise energy supply, and the dual-mode de-icing system works in concert. After de-icing, a second verification is performed, reducing the de-icing response speed from hours to minutes. No manual inspection or drone operation is required, completely eliminating the dangers of manual operation and significantly reducing the workload of inspection personnel and the safety risks to power grid operation.

[0046] Fourth, the dual-stage damping structure of the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem can filter strong vibrations that exceed the working range of the energy harvesting crystal. By adding or removing counterweights and adjusting the counterweight locking screws, it can match the resonant frequency under different working conditions, improving energy conversion efficiency by more than 40%. The heat source de-icing system can autonomously control the air outlet damper switch through the control circuit to achieve zoned de-icing, reducing energy consumption by 60% and further improving the system's adaptability and energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem in the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram from another perspective of the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem in the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the vibration energy-harvesting beam and energy-harvesting crystal in the electromagnetic composite vibration energy-harvesting subsystem provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the energy storage subsystem in the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the energy storage subsystem and the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mechanical de-icing subsystem of the insulator in the dual-mode de-icing system based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the mechanical de-icing subsystem of the insulator in the dual-mode de-icing system based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0056] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem in the insulator dual-mode de-icing system based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0057] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0058] Figure 11This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem in the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the resistor bridge structure in the snow and ice thickness monitoring subsystem provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0060] Figure 13 This is a circuit diagram of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem in the insulator dual-mode de-icing system based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0061] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the dual-mode de-icing method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] In the diagram, 1. Electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem; 2. Energy storage subsystem; 3. Insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem; 4. Insulator heat source de-icing subsystem; 5. Ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem;

[0063] 101. Wire clamp connecting steel plate; 102. Wire clamp bolt hole; 103. Vibration damping rib; 104. Vibration damping spring support; 105. Vibration damping spring; 106. Vibration damping spring hanging point; 107. Vibration energy harvesting beam; 108. Energy harvesting crystal; 109. Positive terminal of energy harvesting crystal's electrical energy output port; 110. Negative terminal of energy harvesting crystal's electrical energy output port; 111. Counterweight; 112. Counterweight locking screw;

[0064] 201. Energy unit casing; 202. Battery bracket; 203. Battery; 204. Positive terminal of energy input interface; 205. Negative terminal of energy input interface; 206. Positive terminal of energy output interface; 207. Negative terminal of energy output interface; 208. Connecting screw hole; 209. Inverter rectifier controller;

[0065] 301. De-icing cover; 302. Driven bearing; 303. Driven bearing; 304. Driven motor; 305. Connecting rod; 306. External clamp for insulator; 307. Internal clamp for insulator; 308. Connecting electromagnet;

[0066] 401. Protective housing for hot air system; 402. Air inlet grille; 403. Air inlet baffle; 404. Hot air outlet; 405. Air outlet baffle; 406. Air inlet grille control motor; 407. Air outlet baffle control motor; 408. Hot air fan; 409. Heating furnace; 410. Control circuit;

[0067] S401, switch; L401, coil; C401, first capacitor; C402, second capacitor; C403, third capacitor; C404, fourth capacitor; R401, first resistor; R402, second resistor; R403, third resistor; R404, fourth resistor; R405, fifth resistor; RP401, sliding resistor; EH, heating coil; VD401, first rectifier bridge; VD402, second rectifier bridge; VD403, third rectifier bridge; M, fan motor;

[0068] 501. Resistance monitoring module; 502. Insulator connecting steel rod; 503. Insulator clamping steel plate; 504. Clamping screw hole; 505. Resistance bridge support rod; 506. Resistance bridge measurement channel; 507. Resistance bridge housing; 508. Resistance bridge. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] See Figure 1 This invention provides a dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, including an electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1, an energy storage subsystem 2, an insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3, an insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4, and an ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5.

[0071] The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1, the energy storage subsystem 2, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4, and the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 are all assembled on a single insulator. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 is detachably connected to the bottom of the suspension clamp of the transmission line through its own screw holes. The energy storage subsystem 2 is fixedly connected to the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1. The insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 is stacked on top of the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 is clamped and fixed to the bottom of the insulator skirt, and the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 directly contacts and monitors the ice and snow condition at the insulator skirt.

[0072] The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 monitors the ice and snow thickness on the insulator surface in real time. When the ice and snow thickness reaches a preset threshold, it generates and sends a de-icing trigger signal. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 captures the vibration energy generated at the suspension clamp of the transmission line and converts the captured vibration energy into electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the energy storage subsystem 2. The energy storage subsystem 2 receives and stores the electrical energy transmitted by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1. Based on the de-icing trigger signal sent by the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5, the energy storage subsystem 2 provides the electrical energy required for operation to the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3 and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4. After receiving the electrical energy, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3 breaks the ice through mechanical force, and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 melts the ice through hot air. The insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3 and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 work together to form a dual-mode de-icing system of mechanical ice breaking and hot air melting.

[0073] Specifically, the overall system architecture adopts a layout of independent assembly of single insulators and series connection of multiple insulators, ensuring that each insulator receives targeted de-icing treatment and preventing the entire line from being affected by unremoved ice on local insulators. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 is detachably connected to the suspension clamp, facilitating installation and maintenance while maximizing the capture of vibration at the clamp. Transmission lines continuously vibrate due to wind, electrodynamics, and other factors. As the connection node between the conductor and the tower, the clamp concentrates and stabilizes vibration energy, making it an ideal energy harvesting source. The insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 is stacked on top of the mechanical de-icing system, utilizing the clamping structure of the mechanical de-icing system for auxiliary fixation, while avoiding mutual interference between the two de-icing methods during operation. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 is clamped at the bottom of the skirt, as ice easily accumulates at the bottom of the skirt and does not easily fall off naturally; monitoring data here can more accurately reflect the risk of insulator icing. From a working logic perspective, the system forms a linkage between monitoring, power supply, and de-icing: the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 serves as the sensing end, ensuring data authenticity and reliability through direct contact monitoring. The preset threshold setting can be adjusted according to parameters such as insulator type and line voltage level to avoid false triggering or missed triggering; the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 and the energy storage subsystem 2 constitute the energy end, eliminating dependence on the external power grid and solving the power supply problem in high-altitude and remote areas; the mechanical and heat source de-icing system serves as the execution end, working collaboratively based on ice thickness data. The mechanical method is suitable for breaking thick ice shells, while the hot air method is suitable for handling thin ice and wet snow. The combination of the two ensures de-icing efficiency while avoiding the limitations of a single method.

[0074] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In this embodiment, the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 includes a wire clamp connecting steel plate 101, wire clamp bolt holes 102, damping ribs 103, damping spring supports 104, damping springs 105, damping spring hanging points 106, a vibration energy harvesting beam 107, an energy harvesting crystal 108, a positive terminal 109 of the energy harvesting crystal's electrical output port 109, a negative terminal 110 of the energy harvesting crystal's electrical output port 110, a counterweight 111, and a counterweight locking screw 112. The wire clamp connecting steel plate 101 has wire clamp bolt holes 102, the positions of which coincide with the positions of the suspension wire clamp screw holes. The damping ribs 103 and the damping spring supports 104 are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom end of the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101. Both the damping ribs 103 and the damping spring supports 104 are connected to the... A wire clamp is fixedly connected to a steel plate 101; a shock-absorbing spring 105 is provided at the bottom of the shock-absorbing spring support 104, and the shock-absorbing spring 105 is fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing spring support 104 and does not contact the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101; one end of the shock-absorbing spring hanging point 106 is fixedly connected to the vibration energy-harvesting beam 107, and the other end of the shock-absorbing spring hanging point 106 is fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing spring 105; the energy-harvesting crystal 108 is fixedly fixed to the vibration energy-harvesting beam 107 in a sleeve-type manner, and the positive terminal 109 and the negative terminal 110 of the energy-harvesting crystal's power output port are respectively fixedly connected to the energy-harvesting crystal 108; the counterweight 111 is fixed to the vibration energy-harvesting beam 107 by the counterweight locking screw 112.

[0075] Specifically, the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101 serves as the core load-bearing component, achieving precise alignment through bolt holes that match the positions of the suspension wire clamps, ensuring the complete transmission of wire clamp vibration energy to the underlying structure. The fixedly connected damping ribs 103 and damping spring supports 104 enhance the steel plate's rigidity to withstand strong vibrations and provide stable support for subsequent damping and energy-harvesting structures. The flexible connection structure formed by the damping springs 105 and 106 is crucial for achieving wide-frequency vibration adaptation. The damping springs 105 do not contact the steel plate, preventing direct impact of steel plate vibrations on the vibration-harvesting beam 107 and reducing interference from non-target vibrations. When wire clamp vibration is transmitted to the damping springs 105, the springs filter high-frequency or excessive vibrations through their own deformation, ensuring that the vibration transmitted to the vibration-harvesting beam 107 better meets the operational requirements of the energy-harvesting crystal 108. The energy-harvesting crystal 108 is fixed to the vibration-harvesting beam 107 using a sleeve-type design, maximizing the absorption of vibrational compressive forces from the beam. The energy-harvesting crystal 108, like a piezoelectric crystal, generates polarized charges and forms a current under mechanical stress due to the piezoelectric effect. The sleeve-type fixing ensures that the beam's vibration acts uniformly on the crystal from multiple directions, improving energy conversion efficiency. The positive and negative output ports are directly fixed to the crystal, reducing losses during power transmission. The counterweight 111 is fixed to the end of the beam with locking screws, and its function is to adjust the resonant frequency of the vibrating energy-harvesting beam 107. Under different operating conditions, such as different wind speeds, conductor tension, and different clamp vibration frequencies, the beam's mass distribution can be changed by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights 111 or adjusting the screw tightness. This allows the beam's resonant frequency to match the clamp vibration frequency, thereby maximizing the vibration amplitude and improving the power generation efficiency of the energy-harvesting crystal 108.

[0076] See Figure 4 In this embodiment, the damping rib 103 and the damping spring 105 form a two-stage damping structure. When the vibration amplitude at the line clamp of the power transmission line exceeds the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal 108, the damping spring 105 filters and reduces the vibration, and the damping rib 103 enhances the overall rigidity of the line clamp connecting steel plate 101. When the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal 108, the damping spring 105 acts as a connector, and the vibration is transmitted to the energy-harvesting crystal 108 through the vibration energy-harvesting beam 107, causing the energy-harvesting crystal 108 to generate current. The resonant frequency under different working conditions can be matched by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights 111 and adjusting the tightness of the counterweight locking screws 112.

[0077] Specifically, the damping rib 103 is a rigid structure. After being fixedly connected to the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101, it can enhance the bending and deformation resistance of the steel plate. When the wire clamp experiences excessive vibration due to strong winds, conductor galloping, etc., stress concentration is likely to occur in the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101. The damping rib 103 can disperse the stress, prevent the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101 from breaking, and at the same time reduce the additional vibration interference caused by the deformation of the wire clamp connecting steel plate 101 itself, providing a stable vibration input foundation for the subsequent damping spring 105. The damping spring 105 is a flexible structure, and its damping principle is based on Hooke's law. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal 108 (such as excessive vibration acceleration that may damage the crystal, or vibration frequency that is too high and exceeds the energy-harvesting frequency band of the crystal), the damping spring 105 absorbs part of the vibration energy through compression and stretching, so that the vibration amplitude transmitted to the vibration energy-harvesting beam 107 is reduced to the range that the crystal can withstand, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to be closer to the optimal energy-harvesting frequency of the crystal. When the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the crystal, the damping spring 105 has minimal deformation and mainly plays a connecting role, ensuring that the vibration energy is efficiently transmitted to the beam and the crystal, and avoiding energy loss.

[0078] The principle of adjusting the resonant frequency using counterweight 111 is based on the natural frequency formula of the vibration system. The vibration energy-harvesting beam 107 can be regarded as a single-degree-of-freedom vibration system, and its stiffness... k The mass of the system is determined by the material and cross-sectional dimensions of the beam (which remain constant), and the mass is changed by adding or removing the number of counterweights 111. m Or adjust the tightness of the screws to change the connection stiffness between the counterweight 111 and the beam (indirectly affecting) k The system's natural frequency can be changed to match the vibration frequency (excitation frequency) of the clamp. At this time, the system resonates, the amplitude of the vibrating energy-harvesting beam 107 is the largest, the mechanical stress on the energy-harvesting crystal 108 is the strongest, and the current generated is also the largest, thus realizing efficient energy harvesting under wide frequency conditions.

[0079] See Figure 5 and Figure 6In this embodiment, the energy storage subsystem 2 includes an energy unit housing 201, a battery bracket 202, a battery 203, a positive energy input interface 204, a negative energy input interface 205, a positive energy output interface 206, a negative energy output interface 207, a connecting screw hole 208, and an inverter rectifier controller 209. The battery bracket 202 is fixedly connected to the energy unit housing 201, and the battery bracket 202 is adhesively connected to the battery 203. The positive energy input interface 204, the negative energy input interface 205, the positive energy output interface 206, and the negative energy output interface 207 are all fixed on the inverter rectifier controller 209. The connecting screw hole 208 is formed on the energy unit housing 201. The inverter rectifier controller 209 is used to invert and rectify the energy captured by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1, and to control the charging and discharging of the battery 203.

[0080] Specifically, the energy unit shell 201, as a protective structure, needs to isolate external rain, snow, dust, and impacts. Its connecting screw holes 208 allow for a fixed connection with the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1, ensuring the system does not detach under vibration. The battery bracket 202 is fixedly connected to the shell and adhesively attached to the battery 203, providing rigid support for the battery 203 and reducing vibration damage through adhesive buffering, thus extending the battery 203's lifespan. The inverter rectifier controller 209 is the core component for power processing. Because the electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 is alternating current (or unstable direct current, depending on the type of energy harvesting crystal 108), and its voltage and current fluctuate with vibration amplitude, it cannot directly charge the battery 203 or power the de-icing system. The rectification function can convert AC power to DC power, and the inverter function can adjust the voltage level according to the needs, such as raising the low voltage generated by the energy harvesting system to the voltage required for charging battery 203. At the same time, the built-in voltage and current stabilization modules of the controller can filter power fluctuations to ensure the stability of the power input to battery 203 and avoid damage to battery 203 due to overvoltage or overcurrent. The positive terminal 204, negative terminal 205, positive terminal 206, and negative terminal 207 of the energy input interface correspond to the power transmission between the energy harvesting system and the energy storage system, and between the energy storage system and the de-icing system, respectively. The clear division of positive and negative terminals can prevent short circuits caused by wiring errors. The controller's control logic for charging and discharging the battery 203 is as follows: when the energy harvesting system generates power, it prioritizes charging the battery 203 until the battery 203 is fully charged and then stops charging; when the de-icing system needs power, the controller controls the battery 203 to discharge according to the de-icing trigger signal, providing stable power to the motor of the mechanical de-icing system, the heating furnace 409 and fan of the heat source de-icing system, etc., while monitoring the battery 203 charge to avoid over-discharge affecting the battery 203 life.

[0081] See Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the insulator mechanical de-icing system 3 includes a de-icing cover 301, a driving bearing 302, a driven bearing 303, a driving motor 304, a connecting rod 305, an outer insulator clamp 306, an inner insulator clamp 307, and a connecting electromagnet 308. The outer insulator clamp 306 and the inner insulator clamp 307 are fixed to the insulator via the connecting electromagnet 308. The outer insulator clamp 306 and the inner insulator clamp 307 together support the de-icing cover 301, the driving bearing 302, and the driven bearing 303. 3 and the active motor 304; the active motor 304 is fixedly connected to the outer clamp 306 of the insulator, and the active motor 304 provides power to the active bearing 302; the driven bearing 303 is fixedly connected to the inner shell of the de-icing cover 301; the two ends of the connecting rod 305 are respectively connected to the active bearing 302 and the driven bearing 303, the active motor 304 drives the active bearing 302 to rotate, and the connecting rod 305 drives the driven bearing 303 and the de-icing cover 301 to move to achieve mechanical ice breaking.

[0082] Specifically, the outer clamp 306 and the inner clamp form a double-layer fixing structure, which is tightly fixed to the insulator by connecting an electromagnet 308. When the electromagnet is energized, it generates a strong magnetic force, causing the outer clamp 306 and the inner clamp 307 to clamp the insulator skirts. Compared to traditional mechanical bolt fixing, electromagnet fixing is more convenient and can adapt to insulator skirts of different diameters. The double-layer clamp design can distribute the supporting force, avoiding excessive force at a single point and damage to the insulator ceramic body, while providing a stable installation foundation for components such as the de-icing cover 301 and the motor. The active motor 304, as the power source, is fixedly connected to the outer clamp 306 to reduce vibration and offset during motor operation, ensuring stable power output. The active bearing 302 and the driven bearing 303 form a crank-connecting rod mechanism 305 via a connecting rod 305. The motor drives the active bearing 302 to rotate, and the connecting rod 305 transmits the circumferential motion of the active bearing 302 to the driven bearing 303. Since the driven bearing 303 is fixedly connected to the de-icing cover 301, the movement of the driven bearing 303 drives the de-icing cover 301 to move in an arc shape away from the insulator along the surface of the insulator. The inner side of the de-icing cover 301 contacts the ice shell, and during the movement, an instantaneous mechanical stress of more than 800N is applied to the ice shell. When the stress exceeds the compressive strength of the ice, the ice shell breaks and falls off, thus breaking the ice. Two sets of mechanical de-icing subsystems 3 distributed at 180 degrees are set on the same insulator, which can make the force on both sides of the insulator uniform during ice breaking, avoid excessive force on one side causing the insulator to tilt or be damaged, and at the same time increase the ice breaking coverage area to ensure that the ice shell on the surface of the insulator is completely removed.

[0083] See Figure 9 and Figure 10In this embodiment, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 includes a hot air system protective shell 401, an air inlet grille 402, an air inlet baffle 403, a hot air outlet 404, an air outlet baffle 405, an air inlet grille control motor 406, an air outlet baffle control motor 407, a hot air fan 408, a heating furnace 409, and a control circuit 410. The hot air system protective shell 401 is placed on top of the de-icing cover 301. The air inlet grille 402 is fixed to the rear of the hot air system protective shell 401. The air inlet baffle 403 is connected to the hot air system protective shell 401 through the air inlet grille control motor 406. Motor 406 drives the air inlet baffle 403 to open and close; the air outlet baffle 405 is connected to the hot air system protective shell 401 via the air outlet baffle control motor 407, and the air outlet baffle control motor 407 drives the air outlet baffle 405 to open and close to achieve zoned de-icing; the hot air fan 408, the heating furnace 409, and the control circuit 410 are all fixed inside the hot air system protective shell 401; the control circuit 410 is used to control the start and stop of the heating furnace 409 and the hot air fan 408, and the control circuit 410 controls the opening and closing of the air outlet baffle 405 according to the signal of the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5.

[0084] Specifically, the hot air system protective housing 401 is placed on top of the de-icing cover 301, and the structure of the de-icing cover 301 can be used for auxiliary fixation. At the same time, the housing can isolate the external low-temperature environment, reduce internal heat loss, and improve heat utilization efficiency. The air inlet grille 402 is located at the rear of the housing. Its grille structure can filter impurities in the air, such as sand, dust, and snow particles, to prevent impurities from entering the interior and damaging the fan or electric furnace, ensuring reliable system operation. The opening and closing control of the air inlet baffle 403 and the air outlet baffle 405 are driven by independent motors to achieve on-demand air intake and precise air outlet. Before de-icing, the air inlet baffle 403 is opened and the air outlet baffle 405 is closed to allow internal air circulation and prevent the cold and humid air in the initial heating stage from affecting the de-icing effect. During de-icing, the air inlet baffle 403 remains open, and the fan draws in external air, which is heated by the heating furnace 409 to form hot air. The control circuit 410 drives the corresponding air outlet baffle 405 to open according to the ice thickness data of the zoned ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5, so that the hot air is directed to the ice area, realizing zoned de-icing, reducing heat loss in the ice-free area, and reducing energy consumption by 60%. After de-icing, the air inlet baffle 403 is closed to prevent external impurities or rain and snow from entering the shell, and the air outlet baffle 405 is closed to prevent internal components from getting damp. The heating furnace 409 provides a heat source for the hot air, and its power can be adjusted by the control circuit 410 to match the heating power according to the ice thickness data. Thick ice requires high power and thin ice requires low power. The hot air fan 408 is used to accelerate the air flow and quickly transport the heat generated by the furnace to the air outlet, while circulating the air inside the shell to avoid local overheating and damage to components. The control circuit 410, as the core control unit, receives the signal from the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 and controls the working status of the furnace, fan and baffle motor to achieve on-demand energy supply and precise ice melting, while avoiding thermal stress damage to the insulator ceramic body caused by continuous high temperature heating.

[0085] See Figure 11 and Figure 12In this embodiment, the snow and ice thickness monitoring subsystem 5 includes a resistance monitoring module 501, an insulator connecting steel rod 502, an insulator clamping steel plate 503, clamping screw holes 504, a resistance bridge support rod 505, a resistance bridge measurement channel 506, a resistance bridge housing 507, and a resistance bridge 508. The resistance monitoring module 501 is fixedly connected to the insulator connecting steel rod 502 and the resistance bridge support rod 505. The upper end of the insulator connecting steel rod 502 is fixedly connected to the insulator clamping steel plate 503, and the clamping screws are provided on the insulator clamping steel plate 503. Hole 504, the clamping screw hole 504 is used to provide clamping force to fix the insulator skirt; the end of the resistance bridge support rod 505 away from the resistance monitoring module 501 is fixedly connected to the resistance bridge housing 507; the resistance bridge 508 is disposed inside the resistance bridge housing 507, and the two ends of the resistance bridge 508 are connected through the resistance bridge measurement channel 506; ice and snow seep into the resistance bridge housing 507 through the resistance bridge measurement channel 506, changing the resistance value of the resistance bridge 508, and the resistance monitoring module 501 converts the resistance value change into ice and snow thickness data.

[0086] Specifically, the insulator connecting steel rod 502 is fixedly connected to the clamping steel plate. Screws are tightened into the clamping screw holes 504, ensuring the steel plate tightly clamps the insulator skirts and preventing the entire monitoring system from detaching under vibration or snow conditions. The resistance bridge support rod 505 supports the resistance bridge housing 507 at the bottom of the insulator skirts, allowing the housing to directly contact the icy and snow-covered area, ensuring that ice and snow can penetrate the measurement channel. The resistance bridge 508 is the core sensing element, and its working principle is based on the Wheatstone bridge: when not covered with ice, the bridge circuit is filled with air, which has a high and stable resistivity, resulting in a fixed output voltage. When ice and snow penetrate the housing through the measurement channel, they cover the bridge arms of the resistance bridge 508. The resistivity of ice and snow (especially meltwater containing impurities) is much lower than that of air, causing a change in the resistance value of the bridge arms, disrupting the bridge circuit balance, and consequently changing the output voltage. The resistance monitoring module 501 acquires the bridge output voltage signal in real time. Using an internally preset "resistance change - ice thickness" calibration curve (plotted using laboratory simulations of resistance changes under different ice thicknesses), it converts the resistance change into corresponding ice and snow thickness data, achieving millimeter-level accuracy measurement. The resistance bridge housing 507 features an IP68 protection rating, preventing excessive rain and snow infiltration from damaging internal components while ensuring unobstructed measurement channels for normal ice and snow penetration. Compared to camera-based visual recognition or weight sensors, the physical sensing method of the resistance bridge 508 achieves 90% reliability in blizzard and freezing fog environments, making it more suitable for harsh, cold conditions.

[0087] See Figure 13In one possible embodiment, the circuit of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 includes a switch S401, a coil L401, a first capacitor C401, a second capacitor C402, a third capacitor C403, a fourth capacitor C404, a first resistor R401, a second resistor R402, a third resistor R403, a fourth resistor R404, a sliding resistor RP401, a heating coil EH, a first rectifier bridge VD401, a second rectifier bridge VD402, a third rectifier bridge VD403, and a fan motor M; the switch S401 controls the overall current flow of the circuit 410; the coil L401 acts as a fuse, melting when the circuit current is greater than 10A; the first capacitor C401 and the fourth capacitor C404 rectify the current, the second capacitor C402 filters out the voltage ripple after rectification, and the third capacitor C401... 403 reduces current fluctuations; the first resistor R401 acts as a voltage divider, the second resistor R402 prevents excessive circuit current, the third resistor R403 absorbs surge voltage, and the fourth resistor R404 absorbs voltage spikes across the thyristor to avoid false triggering; the sliding resistor RP401 adjusts the conduction angle of the bidirectional thyristor to change the voltage of the fan motor M to achieve stepless speed regulation; the heating coil EH is electrically connected to the heating furnace 409 and is used to heat air; the first rectifier bridge VD401 slows down current fluctuations, the second rectifier bridge VD402 ensures normal operation of the circuit after AC power is connected, and the third rectifier bridge VD403 converts AC power into pulsating DC power for use by the control circuit 410; the fan motor M is driven by the hot air fan 408 and controls the rotation of the hot air fan 408.

[0088] Specifically, switch S401 is the master switch, which can be manually or automatically controlled by control circuit 410 to realize the overall on / off of the circuit, facilitating system maintenance or emergency shutdown; coil L401 serves as an overcurrent protection element, its resistance increasing with the current. When the current exceeds 10A due to short circuit, component failure, etc., coil L401 heats up and melts, cutting off the circuit and preventing damage to high-power components such as motors and electric furnaces due to overcurrent. The capacitors and rectifier bridge form the power processing unit, adapting to different power demands: the first capacitor C401 and the fourth capacitor C404 work with the rectifier bridge to convert AC to DC, meeting the power supply needs of DC components such as the fan motor and control circuit 410; the second capacitor C402 is used to filter out voltage ripple after rectification. The rectified DC power is not pure DC and exhibits periodic fluctuations, which can affect the stability of the motor speed and the accuracy of the control circuit 410. The second capacitor C402 absorbs ripple through charging and discharging, making the output voltage more stable. The third capacitor C403 is used to reduce current fluctuations in the circuit, preventing sudden current surges from impacting the electric furnace and motor. Resistors provide protection and regulation: the first resistor R401, acting as a voltage divider, reduces the input voltage of specific components (such as the control circuit 410) to meet operating voltage requirements; the second resistor R402 is a current-limiting resistor, limiting the current when components in the circuit are short-circuited, preventing damage to the power supply or other components; the third resistor R403 absorbs surge voltages. High-voltage surges are easily generated when the circuit is powered on or when the external power grid fluctuates. The third resistor R403 converts surge voltages into heat energy, protecting the insulation layer of components; the fourth resistor R404 absorbs voltage spikes across the thyristor. Voltage spikes are generated when the thyristor is turned on and off. The fourth resistor R404 suppresses these spikes, preventing false triggering or breakdown of the thyristor. The fifth resistor R405, together with the sliding resistor RP401 and the third resistor R403, constitutes the trigger control branch of the thyristor. By configuring appropriate resistance values, the current in the trigger circuit is limited to prevent excessive current from damaging the thyristor's trigger terminal. Simultaneously, the voltage range of the trigger signal is adjusted to ensure that the second rectifier bridge VD402 can be accurately triggered under suitable voltage conditions, thereby stabilizing the speed regulation process of the fan motor M and ensuring the accuracy of the hot air fan's speed control. The sliding resistor RP401, in conjunction with the bidirectional thyristor, enables stepless speed regulation of the fan motor: by adjusting the resistance value of the sliding resistor RP401, the conduction angle of the thyristor is changed, altering the average voltage across the motor. A higher voltage results in a faster motor speed, achieving continuous adjustment of the hot air fan 408's speed, which can be adapted to the ice-melting requirements. The heating coil EH is electrically connected to the heating furnace 409. The heating coil EH is the core heating component of the furnace. After being powered on, it generates heat based on the Joule effect to heat the air. The fan motor M is connected to the hot air fan 408. The rotation of the motor drives the fan blades to rotate, realizing the intake of air and the delivery of hot air. The two work together to complete the process of generating and delivering hot air.

[0089] See Figure 14 This invention also provides a dual-mode de-icing method for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0090] Step 1, Energy Capture and Storage: Vibration energy at the suspension clamp of the transmission line is captured by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1. The damping spring 105 and the counterweight 111 in the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 are adaptively adjusted to realize broadband vibration conversion to generate electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is processed by the inverter rectifier controller 209 and then transmitted to the battery 203 of the energy storage subsystem 2 for storage.

[0091] Specifically, the vibration frequency and amplitude at the power line clamp change with the environment. For example, when the wind speed increases from 2 m / s to 10 m / s, the vibration frequency may change from 1 Hz to 5 Hz. The damping spring 105 filters out excessive vibration through its own deformation, ensuring that the vibration transmitted to the vibration-harvesting beam 107 is within the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal 108. The counterweight 111 adjusts its mass to match different vibration frequencies, causing the beam and clamp to resonate, maximizing the beam's amplitude, improving the piezoelectric effect efficiency of the energy-harvesting crystal 108, and achieving efficient capture of broadband vibration energy. The electrical energy generated by the energy-harvesting crystal 108 needs to be processed by the inverter rectifier controller 209. If it is AC, the controller first rectifies it into DC, then inverts it to the voltage required for charging the battery 203, while simultaneously stabilizing the voltage and current to prevent voltage fluctuations from damaging the battery 203. The processed electrical energy is then transferred to the battery 203 for storage. The battery 203 is a wide-temperature-range type, which can be charged and discharged normally in extremely cold environments of -40℃, ensuring stable energy storage and providing energy security for subsequent de-icing.

[0092] Step 2, monitoring the thickness of ice and snow: The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5, which is clamped at the bottom of the insulator skirt, continuously monitors the ice and snow on the surface of the insulator. The resistance bridge 508 in the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 receives the infiltrated ice and snow through the resistance bridge measurement channel 506. The ice and snow change the resistance value of the resistance bridge 508, and the resistance monitoring module 501 converts the resistance change into ice and snow thickness data.

[0093] Specifically, the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 is located at the bottom of the umbrella skirt. This location has poor air circulation and low temperature, making it the area where ice first forms and is least likely to detach. Monitoring data from this subsystem can reflect the insulator's ice accumulation risk earliest. The resistance bridge measurement channel 506 ensures that ice and snow can naturally seep into the outer shell and contact the resistance bridge 508. The resistivity of ice and snow decreases as ice thickness increases. The resistance monitoring module 501 collects the real-time resistance value of the resistance bridge 508 and compares it with a preset resistance-ice thickness calibration model, converting the resistance change into intuitive millimeter-level ice thickness data, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent de-icing decisions. Simultaneously, the system continuously monitors and tracks ice thickness trends in real time, avoiding missed or misjudged ice accumulation risks.

[0094] Step 3, Dual-mode de-icing decision and execution: If the ice and snow thickness data monitored in Step 2 exceeds the preset threshold, the energy storage subsystem 2 sends an action signal to the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3 and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4; when the ice and snow thickness is greater than the preset thickness value, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3 is activated first. The active motor 304 of the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem 3 drives the active bearing 302 to rotate, which drives the driven bearing 303 and the de-icing cover 301 to move through the connecting rod 305. The de-icing cover 301 applies mechanical stress to break the ice shell instantly; for residual thin ice or wet snow, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 is activated. The heating furnace 409 of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 generates hot air. The hot air fan 408 delivers the hot air to the hot air outlet 404. The outlet baffle control motor 407 drives the outlet baffle 405 to open and close, realizing directional spray hot air to melt the ice;

[0095] Specifically, the preset threshold is set according to the insulation performance and mechanical load-bearing capacity of the insulator. After receiving the trigger signal, the energy storage subsystem 2 selects the de-icing mode according to the ice thickness data. When the ice thickness is greater than the preset value of 5mm, the thick ice shell has high mechanical strength. Hot air de-icing requires continuous high-temperature heating, which consumes a lot of energy and is inefficient. Therefore, the mechanical de-icing system is activated first: the motor drives the crank connecting rod 305 mechanism to drive the de-icing cover 301 to move. The de-icing cover 301 applies instantaneous strong stress to the ice shell, exceeding the compressive strength of the ice, so as to quickly break the ice shell. After mechanical de-icing, thin ice or wet snow may remain on the surface of the insulator. Thin ice has poor thermal conductivity and mechanical de-icing is easy to fail to remove due to insufficient stress. At this time, the heat source de-icing system is activated: the heating furnace 409 generates 120°C hot air. The fan delivers the hot air to the air outlet. The control circuit 410 drives the corresponding air outlet baffle 405 to open according to the position of the residual ice. The hot air is sprayed directionally to the residual ice area, and the thin ice and wet snow are quickly melted by high temperature to prevent the residual ice from freezing again. This dual-mode collaborative approach, which combines mechanical breaking of thick ice with hot air melting of thin ice, ensures de-icing efficiency while reducing energy consumption and damage to the ceramic body.

[0096] Step 4, De-icing effect verification and closed-loop control: After completing the de-icing operation in Step 3, the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 monitors the ice and snow thickness of the insulator again. If the ice and snow have been removed, it returns to the continuous monitoring state in Step 2; if there is still ice and snow remaining, the de-icing operation in Step 3 is repeated until the ice and snow are removed.

[0097] Specifically, after one de-icing operation, residual ice may remain due to incomplete ice shell fragmentation or lack of hot air coverage in certain areas. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 determines whether the de-icing process has met the standards by re-measuring the ice thickness data. If it does, the system returns to continuous monitoring, reducing unnecessary energy consumption; if it does not, it indicates that residual ice still poses a safety risk, and the de-icing process needs to be repeated. At this point, the monitoring system has located the position and thickness of the residual ice and can directly drive the corresponding de-icing system. If only thin ice remains, only the heat source de-icing is activated, avoiding repeated work of the entire system and further saving energy. The entire process requires no manual intervention, reducing the de-icing response time from hours in traditional manual inspections to minutes, significantly improving de-icing efficiency and power grid safety.

[0098] In one possible embodiment, in step 1, the damping rib 103 and damping spring 105 of the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem 1 form a two-stage damping structure; when the vibration amplitude at the line clamp exceeds the working range of the energy harvesting crystal 108, the damping spring 105 filters and reduces the vibration, and the damping rib 103 enhances the overall rigidity of the steel plate 101 connecting the line clamp; when the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the energy harvesting crystal 108, the damping spring 105 acts as a connector, and the vibration is transmitted to the energy harvesting crystal 108 through the vibration energy harvesting beam 107, causing the energy harvesting crystal 108 to generate current, and the current is transmitted to the inverter rectifier controller 209 through the positive terminal 109 and the negative terminal 110 of the energy harvesting crystal's power output port.

[0099] Specifically, the damping rib 103, as a rigid structure, enhances the deformation resistance of the steel plate 101 connected to the clamp, preventing the steel plate from bending or breaking due to strong vibrations, while also reducing the interference of the steel plate's own vibrations on the energy-harvesting beam. The damping spring 105, as a flexible structure, adaptively adjusts according to the vibration amplitude: during excessive vibration, the spring absorbs energy through deformation, reducing the vibration amplitude transmitted to the energy-harvesting beam and protecting the energy-harvesting crystal 108 from impact damage; during normal vibration, the spring deformation is minimal, ensuring that the vibration energy is efficiently transmitted to the energy-harvesting beam, causing the beam to drive the energy-harvesting crystal 108 to produce regular deformation, generating a stable current based on the piezoelectric effect. The positive and negative output ports are directly connected to the energy-harvesting crystal 108 and the inverter rectifier controller 209, reducing losses in the current transmission path and ensuring that the generated electrical energy enters the subsequent processing stage to the maximum extent, improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0100] In one possible embodiment, in step 1, the resonant frequency under different working conditions is matched by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights 111 and adjusting the tightness of the counterweight locking screws 112.

[0101] Specifically, the energy conversion efficiency of the vibration energy harvesting system is closely related to the resonant frequency of the energy harvesting beam. When the natural frequency of the beam matches the vibration frequency (excitation frequency) of the clamp, the beam resonates, the amplitude is at its maximum, and the deformation and power generation of the energy harvesting crystal 108 are also at their maximum. Under different operating conditions (such as different seasonal wind speeds and changes in conductor load), the vibration frequency of the clamp is different. By increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights 111 to change the total mass of the beam (increasing the mass decreases the natural frequency; decreasing the mass increases the natural frequency), or by adjusting the tightness of the locking screws to change the connection stiffness between the counterweights 111 and the beam (the tighter the screws, the greater the connection stiffness and the higher the natural frequency; conversely, the looser the screws, the lower the natural frequency), the natural frequency of the beam can be flexibly adjusted to match the real-time excitation frequency, ensuring that high energy conversion efficiency is maintained under wide-frequency vibration conditions, thus overcoming the limitation of traditional energy harvesting systems that only operate efficiently at fixed frequencies.

[0102] In one possible embodiment, in step 3, the control circuit 410 of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem 4 controls the opening and closing state of the air outlet baffle 405 according to the ice and snow thickness data sent by the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5, to match the de-icing needs of different areas; after the de-icing is completed, the air inlet grille control motor 406 drives the air inlet baffle 403 to close, preventing foreign objects from entering the interior of the hot air system protective shell 401.

[0103] Specifically, the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem 5 can not only measure the overall ice thickness, but also collect ice thickness data for different areas of the insulator (such as the upper, middle, and lower parts of the skirt) through multiple sets of resistance bridges 508. After receiving this zoned data, the control circuit 410 drives the air outlet baffle 405 corresponding to the area with excessive ice thickness to open, and the baffle in the area with no ice or ice thickness within the standard to close, so that the hot air only acts on the area that needs to melt ice, avoiding waste of hot air and reducing energy consumption. At the same time, according to the difference in ice thickness in different areas, the control circuit 410 can adjust the opening and closing angle of the air outlet baffle 405 to adapt to different ice melting needs and improve the accuracy of ice melting. After de-icing is completed, the air inlet baffle 403 closes to prevent external sand, rain, snow, insects and other foreign objects from entering the shell, avoiding foreign objects from getting entangled in the fan blades, blocking the air outlet or damaging the heating furnace 409 and the control circuit 410, extending the service life of the system and ensuring that the system can operate reliably for the next de-icing.

[0104] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting, characterized in that, It includes an electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1), an energy storage subsystem (2), an insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3), an insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4), and an ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5). The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1), the energy storage subsystem (2), the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3), the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4), and the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) are all assembled on a single insulator. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1) is detachably connected to the bottom of the suspension clamp of the transmission line through its own screw hole. The energy storage subsystem (2) is fixedly connected to the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1). The insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) is stacked on top of the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3). The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) is fixed to the bottom of the insulator skirt in a clamping manner. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) directly contacts and monitors the ice and snow condition at the insulator skirt. The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) monitors the ice and snow thickness on the surface of the insulator in real time. When the ice and snow thickness reaches a preset threshold, it generates and sends a de-icing trigger signal. The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1) captures the vibration energy generated at the suspension clamp of the transmission line and converts the captured vibration energy into electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the energy storage subsystem (2). The energy storage subsystem (2) receives and stores the electrical energy transmitted by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1). The energy storage subsystem (2) provides the electrical energy required for operation to the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) according to the de-icing trigger signal sent by the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5). After receiving the electrical energy, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) breaks the ice through mechanical force. After receiving the electrical energy, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) melts the ice through hot air. The insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) work together to form a dual-mode de-icing system of mechanical ice breaking and hot air ice melting.

2. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1) includes a wire clamp connecting steel plate (101), a wire clamp bolt hole (102), a shock-absorbing rib (103), a shock-absorbing spring support (104), a shock-absorbing spring (105), a shock-absorbing spring hanging point (106), a vibration energy harvesting beam (107), an energy harvesting crystal (108), a positive terminal of the energy harvesting crystal's electrical energy output port (109), a negative terminal of the energy harvesting crystal's electrical energy output port (110), a counterweight (111), and a counterweight locking screw (112). The clamp connecting steel plate (101) has clamp bolt holes (102) and the positions of the clamp bolt holes (102) are consistent with the positions of the suspension clamp screw holes. The damping ribs (103) and damping spring supports (104) are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom end of the clamp connecting steel plate (101). The damping ribs (103) and the damping spring supports (104) are fixedly connected to the clamp connecting steel plate (101). The damping spring (105) is provided at the bottom of the damping spring support (104). The damping spring (105) is fixedly connected to the damping spring support (104) and does not contact the wire clamp connecting steel plate (101). One end of the damping spring hanging point (106) is fixedly connected to the vibration energy harvesting beam (107), and the other end of the damping spring hanging point (106) is fixedly connected to the damping spring (105). The energy-harvesting crystal (108) is fixed to the vibrating energy-harvesting beam (107) in a sleeve-type manner. The positive terminal (109) of the energy-harvesting crystal's electrical output port and the negative terminal (110) of the energy-harvesting crystal's electrical output port are respectively fixedly connected to the energy-harvesting crystal (108). The counterweight (111) is fixed to the vibrating energy-harvesting beam (107) by the counterweight locking screw (112).

3. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damping rib (103) and the damping spring (105) form a two-stage damping structure; when the vibration amplitude at the line clamp of the power transmission line exceeds the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal (108), the damping spring (105) filters and reduces the vibration, and the damping rib (103) enhances the overall rigidity of the line clamp connecting steel plate (101). When the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the energy-harvesting crystal (108), the damping spring (105) acts as a connection, and the vibration is transmitted to the energy-harvesting crystal (108) through the vibration energy-harvesting beam (107), causing the energy-harvesting crystal (108) to generate current. The resonant frequency under different working conditions can be matched by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights (111) and adjusting the tightness of the counterweight locking screws (112).

4. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The energy storage subsystem (2) includes an energy unit housing (201), a battery bracket (202), a battery (203), a positive energy input interface (204), a negative energy input interface (205), a positive energy output interface (206), a negative energy output interface (207), a connecting screw hole (208), and an inverter rectifier controller (209). The battery bracket (202) is fixedly connected to the energy unit housing (201), and the battery bracket (202) is bonded to the battery (203); the positive terminal (204) of the energy input interface, the negative terminal (205) of the energy input interface, the positive terminal (206) of the energy output interface, and the negative terminal (207) of the energy output interface are all fixed on the inverter rectifier controller (209); The connecting screw hole (208) is opened on the outer shell (201) of the energy unit; the inverter rectifier controller (209) is used to invert and rectify the energy captured by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1) and control the charging and discharging of the battery (203).

5. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 4, characterized in that, The insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) includes a de-icing cover (301), a driving bearing (302), a driven bearing (303), a driving motor (304), a connecting rod (305), an insulator outer clamp (306), an insulator inner clamp (307), and a connecting electromagnet (308). The outer clamp (306) and the inner clamp (307) of the insulator are fixed to the insulator by the connecting electromagnet (308). The outer clamp (306) and the inner clamp (307) of the insulator together support the de-icing cover (301), the driving bearing (302), the driven bearing (303) and the driving motor (304). The active motor (304) is fixedly connected to the outer clamp (306) of the insulator, and the active motor (304) provides power to the active bearing (302); the driven bearing (303) is fixedly connected to the inner shell of the de-icing cover (301); the two ends of the connecting rod (305) are respectively connected to the active bearing (302) and the driven bearing (303), the active motor (304) drives the active bearing (302) to rotate, and the connecting rod (305) drives the driven bearing (303) and the de-icing cover (301) to move to achieve mechanical ice breaking.

6. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 5, characterized in that, The insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) includes a hot air system protective shell (401), an air inlet grille (402), an air inlet baffle (403), a hot air outlet (404), an air outlet baffle (405), an air inlet grille control motor (406), an air outlet baffle control motor (407), a hot air fan (408), a heating furnace (409), and a control circuit (410). The hot air system protective shell (401) is placed on top of the de-icing cover (301); the air inlet grille (402) is fixed at the rear of the hot air system protective shell (401); the air inlet baffle (403) is connected to the hot air system protective shell (401) through the air inlet grille control motor (406), and the air inlet grille control motor (406) drives the air inlet baffle (403) to open and close; the air outlet baffle (405) is connected to the hot air system protective shell (401) through the air outlet baffle control motor (407), and the air outlet baffle control motor (407) drives the air outlet baffle (405) to open and close to achieve zoned de-icing; The hot air fan (408), the heating furnace (409), and the control circuit (410) are all fixed inside the protective shell (401) of the hot air system; the control circuit (410) is used to control the start and stop of the heating furnace (409) and the hot air fan (408), and the control circuit (410) controls the opening and closing of the air outlet baffle (405) according to the signal of the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5).

7. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 6, characterized in that, The snow and ice thickness monitoring subsystem (5) includes a resistance monitoring module (501), an insulator connecting steel rod (502), an insulator clamping steel plate (503), a clamping screw hole (504), a resistance bridge support rod (505), a resistance bridge measurement channel (506), a resistance bridge housing (507), and a resistance bridge (508). The resistance monitoring module (501) is fixedly connected to the insulator connecting steel rod (502) and the resistance bridge support rod (505); the upper end of the insulator connecting steel rod (502) is fixedly connected to the insulator clamping steel plate (503), and the clamping screw hole (504) is opened on the insulator clamping steel plate (503). The clamping screw hole (504) is used to provide clamping force to fix the insulator skirt; the end of the resistance bridge support rod (505) away from the resistance monitoring module (501) is fixedly connected to the resistance bridge housing (507); the resistance bridge (508) is disposed inside the resistance bridge housing (507), and the two ends of the resistance bridge (508) are connected through the resistance bridge measurement channel (506). Ice and snow seep into the resistor bridge housing (507) through the resistor bridge measurement channel (506), changing the resistance value of the resistor bridge (508). The resistance monitoring module (501) converts the resistance change into ice and snow thickness data.

8. The dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting according to claim 7, characterized in that, The circuit of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) includes a switch (S401), a coil (L401), a first capacitor (C401), a second capacitor (C402), a third capacitor (C403), a fourth capacitor (C404), a first resistor (R401), a second resistor (R402), a third resistor (R403), a fourth resistor (R404), a fifth resistor (R405), a sliding resistor (RP401), a heating coil (EH), a first rectifier bridge (VD401), a second rectifier bridge (VD402), a third rectifier bridge (VD403), and a fan motor (M). The switch (S401) controls the overall current flow of the circuit; the coil (L401) acts as a fuse, melting when the circuit current is greater than 10A; the first capacitor (C401) and the fourth capacitor (C404) act as rectifiers, the second capacitor (C402) filters out the voltage ripple after rectification, and the third capacitor (C403) reduces current fluctuations. The first resistor (R401) acts as a voltage divider; the second resistor (R402) prevents excessive circuit current; the third resistor (R403) absorbs surge voltage; the fourth resistor (R404) absorbs voltage spikes across the thyristor to prevent false triggering; the fifth resistor (R405) limits current, divides voltage, and helps stabilize the thyristor trigger circuit; the sliding resistor (RP401) adjusts the conduction angle of the bidirectional thyristor to change the voltage of the fan motor (M) to achieve stepless speed regulation. The heating coil (EH) is electrically connected to the heating furnace (409) and is used to heat the air; the first rectifier bridge (VD401) reduces current fluctuations, the second rectifier bridge (VD402) ensures that the circuit operates normally after being connected to AC power, and the third rectifier bridge (VD403) converts AC power into pulsating DC power for use by the control circuit (410); the fan motor (M) is drivenly connected to the hot air fan (408) and controls the rotation of the hot air fan (408).

9. The de-icing method of the dual-mode de-icing system for insulators based on magnetic composite vibration energy harvesting as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Energy capture and storage: The vibration energy at the suspension clamp of the transmission line is captured by the electromagnetic composite vibration energy capture subsystem (1). The damping spring (105) and the counterweight (111) in the electromagnetic composite vibration energy capture subsystem (1) are adaptively adjusted to realize the wide-frequency vibration conversion to generate electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is processed by the inverter rectifier controller (209) and then transmitted to the battery (203) of the energy storage subsystem (2) for storage. Step 2, monitoring the thickness of ice and snow: The ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) installed at the bottom of the insulator skirt continuously monitors the ice and snow on the surface of the insulator. The resistance bridge (508) in the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) receives the infiltrated ice and snow through the resistance bridge measurement channel (506). The ice and snow change the resistance value of the resistance bridge (508), and the resistance monitoring module (501) converts the resistance change into ice and snow thickness data. Step 3, Dual-mode de-icing decision and execution: If the ice and snow thickness data monitored in Step 2 exceeds the preset threshold, the energy storage subsystem (2) sends an action signal to the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) and the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4); when the ice and snow thickness is greater than the preset thickness value, the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) is activated first. The active motor (304) of the insulator mechanical de-icing subsystem (3) drives the active bearing (302) to rotate, and through the connecting rod (305) The driven bearing (303) and the de-icing cover (301) are moved, and the de-icing cover (301) applies mechanical stress to break the ice shell instantly; for residual thin ice or wet snow, the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) is started. The heating furnace (409) of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) generates hot air, and the hot air fan (408) delivers the hot air to the hot air outlet (404). The outlet baffle control motor (407) drives the outlet baffle (405) to open and close, so as to realize the directional spraying of hot air to melt ice; Step 4, De-icing effect verification and closed-loop control: After completing the de-icing operation in Step 3, the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) monitors the ice and snow thickness of the insulator again. If the ice and snow have been removed, it returns to the continuous monitoring state in Step 2; if there is still ice and snow residue, the de-icing operation in Step 3 is repeated until the ice and snow are removed.

10. The de-icing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step 1, the damping rib (103) and damping spring (105) of the electromagnetic composite vibration energy harvesting subsystem (1) form a two-stage damping structure; when the vibration amplitude at the line clamp of the transmission line exceeds the working range of the energy harvesting crystal (108), the damping spring (105) filters and reduces the vibration, and the damping rib (103) enhances the overall rigidity of the steel plate (101) connecting the line clamp; when the vibration amplitude is within the working range of the energy harvesting crystal (108), the damping spring (105) plays a connecting role, and the vibration is transmitted to the energy harvesting crystal (108) through the vibration energy harvesting beam (107), causing the energy harvesting crystal (108) to generate current, and the current is transmitted to the inverter rectifier controller (209) through the positive terminal (109) and negative terminal (110) of the energy output port of the energy harvesting crystal. In step 1, the resonant frequency under different working conditions is matched by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights (111) and adjusting the tightness of the counterweight locking screws (112). In step 3, the control circuit (410) of the insulator heat source de-icing subsystem (4) controls the opening and closing state of the air outlet baffle (405) according to the ice and snow thickness data sent by the ice and snow thickness monitoring subsystem (5) to match the de-icing needs of different areas; after the de-icing is completed, the air inlet grille control motor (406) drives the air inlet baffle (403) to close to prevent foreign objects from entering the interior of the hot air system protective shell (401).

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