Multi-family energy storage coordinated power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity

Abstract

The application provides a multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity, and relates to the fields of power systems and energy storage technologies. The system comprises a neighborhood discovery module, which is used for forming a collaborative micro-grid in the event of a power grid failure; an off-grid switching module, which is used for forming an island micro-grid to supply power to the neighborhood; a power supply reputation module, which is used for calculating the reputation score of each household node; a power scheduling control module, which is used for generating a power scheduling instruction according to the power demand, the energy storage state and the reputation score; and a grid-connected clearing module, which is used for automatically calculating the energy exchange clearing result after the power grid is restored. The method of the application comprises corresponding steps such as networking and switching, collaborative power supply, grid connection and clearing, etc. The application can improve the reliability and resilience of community emergency power supply and realize full-process automatic management.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power systems and energy storage technology, in particular, to a multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularity of distributed energy, more and more families install photovoltaic and energy storage devices. In order to effectively integrate and dispatch these scattered distributed energy, virtual power plant technology emerges as the times require. The existing virtual power plant scheme is usually based on pre-registered members, and through market transaction and economic dispatch, energy optimization is realized when the main power grid is in normal operation. For example, some schemes use a reputation mechanism to motivate and evaluate members participating in dispatch, and through automation technology, transaction clearing of energy exchange is realized.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned existing technical scheme mainly faces the grid-connected operation scene, and has the following defects: first, when the main power grid fails and causes large-scale power failure, the existing scheme lacks a mechanism to physically switch the system from grid-connected mode to island operation mode, and cannot guarantee emergency power supply in the region. Secondly, the members of the existing scheme are usually fixed and pre-contracted, and in an emergency, there is a lack of ability to dynamically discover unknown and available energy storage resources in the adjacent area and quickly self-organize a temporary power supply network.

[0004] Therefore, when a large-scale power failure occurs, the existing technology cannot effectively and quickly organize independent family energy storage units between neighborhoods to form a physically isolated and collaborative power supply island microgrid, which not only may cause some families to be short of electricity due to depleted energy storage, but also causes the energy storage resources of other families to be idle and wasted. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity.

[0006] According to the multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system based on neighborhood elasticity provided by the present application, it comprises:

[0007] A neighborhood discovery module is configured to identify a plurality of family energy storage units in the same neighborhood area under the preset condition of detecting main power grid failure, and establish a communication connection with the plurality of family energy storage units through a communication module to form a collaborative microgrid.

[0008] An off-grid switching module is configured to control the plurality of family energy storage units to switch from grid-connected mode to off-grid operation mode when detecting main power grid failure, to form an island microgrid to continuously supply power to families in the neighborhood.

[0009] a power supply credibility module, configured to record and evaluate power supply and power consumption of each household node to the islanded micro-grid during the cooperative power supply process, and calculate a corresponding credibility score of each household node according to the power supply and power consumption;

[0010] a power scheduling control module, configured to generate a power scheduling instruction of the cooperative power supply of multiple households according to power consumption demands of each household, preset state information of each household energy storage unit and the credibility score calculated by the power supply credibility module, and distribute the power scheduling instruction to the corresponding household energy storage unit to perform a predetermined power output, the preset state information including a battery state of charge of each household energy storage unit;

[0011] a grid-connected clearing module, configured to collect power supply and power consumption data of each household node during the off-grid operation mode after the main grid restores power supply, and automatically calculate an energy exchange clearing result among the households.

[0012] Preferably, the neighborhood discovery module establishes a communication connection with the multiple household energy storage units through a wireless ad hoc network communication technology, and the wireless ad hoc network communication technology includes at least one of a Wi-Fi Mesh network, LoRa or ZigBee.

[0013] Preferably, the power scheduling control module takes at least one of minimizing internal power loss of the islanded micro-grid or maximizing key load satisfaction as an optimization target when generating the power scheduling instruction.

[0014] Preferably, the off-grid switching module is further configured to:

[0015] In the islanded micro-grid, at least one household energy storage unit is configured as a master node to provide a voltage and frequency reference; and

[0016] When the master node is insufficient in power supply or fails, another household energy storage unit is dynamically switched as a new master node.

[0017] Preferably, the household energy storage unit includes a vehicle-mounted energy storage device of an electric vehicle accessing the cooperative micro-grid.

[0018] According to the present application, a multi-household energy storage cooperative power supply method based on neighborhood elasticity is provided, including the following steps:

[0019] When detecting a power failure of the main grid, multiple household energy storage units in the same neighborhood area are identified and connected, and the multiple household energy storage units are controlled to switch from a grid-connected mode to an off-grid operation mode to form a cooperative islanded micro-grid;

[0020] During the off-grid operation mode of the island micro-grid, a credit score value is calculated based on power supply and power usage of each household node, and a power scheduling instruction is generated and issued to the corresponding household energy storage unit according to the power demand of each household, preset state information of each household energy storage unit and the credit score value, so as to perform collaborative power supply, wherein the preset state information includes the battery state of charge of each household energy storage unit.

[0021] After the main power grid restores power supply, power supply and power usage data during the off-grid operation mode are collected, and an energy exchange settlement result is automatically calculated.

[0022] Preferably, at least one of minimizing internal power loss of the island micro-grid or maximizing key load satisfaction is taken as an optimization target when the power scheduling instruction is generated.

[0023] Preferably, in the island micro-grid, at least one household energy storage unit is configured as a master node to provide a voltage and frequency reference; when the master node is insufficient in power or fails, another household energy storage unit is dynamically switched as a new master node.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present application can quickly and automatically integrate scattered household energy storage resources in a neighborhood to form a physically isolated island micro-grid to realize flexible and collaborative shared power supply when the main power grid is powered off, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of single household energy storage depletion and significantly improving the power supply reliability and system resilience of the community in emergency situations.

[0026] 2. The present application quantitatively evaluates the contribution and acquisition of each household in collaborative power supply by introducing a power supply credit module, and applies credit points to power scheduling, thereby effectively improving the enthusiasm of users participating in collaborative power supply.

[0027] 3. The present application automates the whole process from dynamic networking after power failure, off-grid switching, intelligent scheduling, to automatic grid connection and energy settlement after the power grid is restored, without human intervention, and especially the grid connection settlement module avoids complex multi-party settlement disputes, greatly reducing management costs.

[0028] 4. Through the optimization algorithm of the power scheduling control module, the system can reasonably allocate limited energy storage power according to actual demand, and can integrate various energy storage resources including electric vehicles, thereby minimizing energy waste and improving overall energy utilization efficiency and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a neighborhood-resilient multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system provided in this application embodiment;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of neighborhood discovery and communication connection establishment provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply reputation update and power scheduling process provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the off-grid operation and grid-connected settlement process provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 A general flowchart of the multi-household energy storage coordinated power supply method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 The system signaling interaction timing diagram provided for the embodiments of this application.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] This application provides a basic implementation scheme for a neighborhood-based, resilient, multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture provided for an embodiment of this application. The system provided in this application aims to solve the problem that multiple households in a neighboring community cannot effectively coordinate and utilize their respective energy storage resources when the main power grid experiences an unexpected power outage.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the system may include a centralized control unit 30 and multiple geographically adjacent home energy storage units 10. Each home energy storage unit 10 interacts with the centralized control unit 30 and transmits commands via a neighborhood ad-hoc network.

[0041] Specifically, each home energy storage unit 10 is a set of energy systems deployed in a user's home, usually including photovoltaic 11, battery 12, inverter 13, and automatic transfer switch ATS 14 connected with the internal power grid and the main power grid; the home energy storage unit 10 also includes the vehicle-mounted energy storage 40 of the electric vehicle accessing the collaborative micro-grid. In the grid-connected state, these units operate independently to achieve self-generation and self-use of power or upload of excess power to the power grid 50.

[0042] It can be understood that the centralized control unit 30 can be the core of the system, which can be a dedicated server deployed in the community, or a virtualized computing instance in the cloud, or, in another embodiment, be concurrently served by a designated home energy storage unit 10. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 The centralized control unit 30 can logically integrate multiple functional modules, such as neighborhood discovery module 31, power supply reputation module 32, power scheduling and control module 33, off-grid switching module 34, and grid-connected settlement module 35. The multiple modules work together to achieve full-process automated management from fault response, dynamic networking, collaborative power supply to recovery settlement.

[0043] The communication module, which in this embodiment can be embodied as a neighborhood ad hoc network, provides a reliable communication link between the centralized control unit 30 and each home energy storage unit 10. As an optional implementation, the network adopts wireless ad hoc network communication technology, specifically Wi-Fi Mesh technology. Wi-Fi Mesh network has the characteristics of self-configuration and self-repair, does not require complex wiring, and can quickly form a local communication network with wide coverage, high bandwidth, and stable connection between neighborhoods, which is suitable for rapid deployment in emergency situations. LoRa low-power wide-area network or ZigBee short-range wireless protocol can also be used. Wi-Fi Mesh has high speed and self-healing characteristics, LoRa provides long-distance low-power communication, and ZigBee is suitable for low-speed home Internet of Things communication. Depending on the community density and distance, appropriate solutions can be selected. Through these communication technologies, the system can maintain smooth communication between home nodes in the event of a power outage.

[0044] The working process of the system in this embodiment will be described in detail below, which also corresponds to a multi-home energy storage collaborative power supply method provided by the present application. Figures 2 to 6

[0045] Figure 5 A flowchart of a multi-home energy storage collaborative power supply method provided by the embodiment of the present application. The entire process is triggered by a main grid failure and ends with energy settlement.

[0046] ​In one embodiment, the method can include step S1, the system continuously monitors the state of the main power grid. When detecting the main grid voltage or frequency abnormalities, and judging that a power failure occurs, the system is activated, and enters the emergency coordinated power supply process. It should be noted that this detection function can be completed by the inverter of each household energy storage unit 10 or a dedicated power grid monitoring device, and the fault signal is reported to the centralized control unit 30.

[0047] Subsequently, the system performs step S2 (neighbor discovery and networking) and step S3 (off-grid switching). In actual operation, the two steps are closely coupled. Figure 2 The specific process of neighborhood discovery and networking is shown in the figure. After detecting the main grid failure, the neighborhood discovery module 31 is immediately started. In step S201, the fault signal is used as a trigger condition. In step S202, the centralized control unit 30 broadcasts a specific network identifier, i.e. a beacon, to the surrounding area through the communication module 20, to announce the request to establish a coordinated power supply network.

[0048] The neighborhood discovery module 31 authenticates the responding nodes in step S203 after receiving the beacon, to ensure that only pre-authorized or eligible neighbors can join the network, thereby preventing malicious access. The authentication methods include but are not limited to pre-shared keys, digital certificates, etc.

[0049] In step S204, the household energy storage unit 10 that has passed the authentication reports its capability and state information to the centralized control unit 30. These information are important basis for subsequent scheduling, including at least its unique device ID, current state of charge of the energy storage battery, maximum charge and discharge power of the battery, current load power of the household, and whether photovoltaic is configured or not.

[0050] After the authentication is passed, in step S205, the neighborhood discovery module 31 establishes and maintains a dynamic network topology and routing table according to the network information of all joining nodes. When using a Wi-Fi Mesh network, the nodes will automatically negotiate the best communication path to form a mesh network.

[0051] In order to ensure the accurate coordination of subsequent power scheduling, in step S206, the system performs network-wide time synchronization and establishes a heartbeat mechanism between the nodes and the control unit, to monitor the online status of the nodes in real time.

[0052] In step S207, the system assigns node addresses and permissions before the nodes join.

[0053] In order to ensure the security of control command and data transmission, in step S208, an encrypted communication channel is established between the nodes and the control unit. Finally, in step S209, the nodes are formally confirmed to join the coordinated micro-grid, and the neighborhood discovery and networking process is completed.

[0054] Meanwhile, the off-grid switching module 34 performs the off-grid switching operation. Referring to Figure 4 , the process corresponds to step A (fault detection) and step B (switching off-grid). After confirming the main grid failure, the off-grid switching module 34 issues an instruction to all the home energy storage units 10 that have joined the collaborative micro-grid, to control the internal automatic switching switch to disconnect the physical connection with the main grid, and at the same time, to interconnect the internal grids of each home, forming an island micro-grid that is physically isolated from the main grid.

[0055] In order to maintain the stable operation of the island micro-grid, a power supply is needed to provide a stable voltage and frequency reference. Therefore, in step C (master node selection), the off-grid switching module 34 selects a suitable home energy storage unit 10 as the master node according to the state information reported by each node. The selection criteria can be diverse, for example, the node with the highest battery state of charge or the largest battery capacity can be selected. The selected master node operates its inverter in voltage source mode, responsible for establishing and maintaining the voltage and frequency of the entire island micro-grid. Correspondingly, the remaining home energy storage units 10 operate their inverters in current source mode, and accurately output or absorb power according to the power instructions issued by the centralized control unit 30.

[0056] As a preferred implementation, in order to improve the fault tolerance and robustness of the system, the off-grid switching module 34 also has the function of dynamic switching of the master node. During off-grid operation, if the current master node cannot continue to provide the reference due to depletion of its own battery capacity or device failure, the off-grid switching module 34 can detect this situation in time (for example, through heartbeat timeout or dramatic fluctuation of voltage and frequency), and immediately reselect a new node with the best state from the remaining slave nodes, and instruct it to switch to the master mode to take over the task of maintaining the voltage and frequency reference. This seamless switching process ensures that the island micro-grid can continue to operate stably even in the case of failure of a single node.

[0057] After the island micro-grid is formed, the system enters the cyclic operation phase of step S4 (collaborative power supply). This is a rolling, periodic optimization and scheduling process, as shown in Figure 3 , which is completed collaboratively by the power supply reputation module 32 and the power scheduling control module 33. Referring to the signaling interaction timing diagram of Figure 6 , the centralized control unit 30 and the home energy storage unit A, the home energy storage unit B perform periodic information interaction.

[0058] At the beginning of a scheduling period (e.g. 5 minutes), step S401 (Data Collection) is performed. The power scheduling control module 33 collects the latest status of all home energy storage units 10 through the communication module 20, including the battery state of charge, the real-time PV power generation, the real-time home power consumption, etc.

[0059] Subsequently, in step S402 (Contribution Statistics) and step S403 (Reputation Update), the power supply reputation module 32 starts working. It will count the actual electrical energy supplied by each home node to the islanded microgrid in the last scheduling period (Q ) and the actual electrical energy used from the microgrid (Q ), and update the reputation score of each node according to the pre-set rules. In this embodiment, the update rule of the reputation score is: when a home node supplies power to the microgrid, its reputation score increases; when it consumes power from the microgrid, its reputation score decreases. A specific calculation formula can be:

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] wherein, is the reputation score (dimensionless, bounded in [0, 1]) of node at the current time , denotes the interval truncation; is the electrical energy obtained by node from the microgrid, is the electrical energy supplied by node to the microgrid; is the energy normalization base (kWh), which can be the battery rated capacity , the median per capita electricity consumption in the neighborhood in the last period, or the critical load guarantee energy (optional); is the cap coefficient of single-period contribution (to prevent extreme value impact), is the forgetting factor (optional, to control the temporal smoothing of the score), is the dimensionless weight, usually taken as to encourage power supply contribution (e.g. ). In a non-punishing embodiment, can be taken as 0, only increasing the reputation by contributing positive energy, without decreasing the reputation by consuming power. Through the normalization of , , , are mapped to dimensionless , , this mechanism establishes a fair incentive system to encourage households with rich energy storage to actively participate in sharing.​

[0063] The power supply reputation module can periodically calculate a temporary reputation during off-grid operation for reference in power scheduling; and solidify the final reputation value after settlement of on-grid recovery as the initial value for the next coordinated power supply. In addition to being used for optimizing scheduling, reputation points can also be used for weight distribution in income settlement (described later). Through the above reputation mechanism, the system establishes a community trust and incentive system: households that have actively supplied power to others multiple times in the past will accumulate higher reputation, and in the future can obtain higher scheduling priority or enjoy more favorable distribution in energy settlement, thereby encouraging households to actively participate in coordinated power supply.

[0064] After the reputation points are updated, the process enters step S404 (target setting) and step S405 (scheduling solution). The power scheduling control module 33 constructs an optimization problem according to the overall operation target of the system. In the basic embodiment, the module obtains the electricity demand, available energy storage capacity, and reputation points of each household, and solves the coordinated discharge optimization problem. The optimization target can be set according to actual needs, for example: minimum loss target: minimize the power transmission loss within the microgrid, which can be formalized as minimizing the sum of squares of power transmission. For example, taking into account the equivalent resistance of the power transmission line between household nodes, let represent the power or energy flow supplied to household , then the loss is proportional to , and the total loss objective function can be set as:

[0065]

[0066] where is the power (kW) flowing from node to node , and is the equivalent line impedance or penalty coefficient of the line between node and node , and is the number of households in the microgrid, and the total loss and imbalance are reduced by minimizing the sum of squares of each power supply.

[0067] Maximum contribution efficiency target: maximize the utilization efficiency of limited energy storage resources, and prioritize meeting the total critical load demand. This can be formalized as maximizing the proportion of effective power supply obtained by all users. For example, introduce the importance weight of each household's load (which can be determined according to whether there are emergency loads such as medical equipment, etc.), let be the power allocated in the scheduling scheme to meet the load of household , and the objective function can be set as:

[0068] ​

[0069] While meeting the capacity and power constraints of each energy storage unit, the weighted total power supply is maximized. This ensures that households with high weight (critical loads) receive priority power supply, reflecting a distributed priority power supply strategy, which prioritizes users with urgent power needs when there is a power shortage.

[0070] Scheduling variables include the charging and discharging power of each household energy storage system. (or combined and recorded as) ), and possible power input / output to the grid Exchange power with neighbors wait.

[0071] The scheduling optimization must meet the following main constraints: the output power of each household energy storage unit does not exceed the rated power of its inverter and does not cause the battery to be over-discharged, and the remaining energy of the battery is sufficient to support the planned discharge, i.e. ,in For family Energy storage unit at any time The discharge power (kW). For family Energy storage unit at any time Maximum dischargeable power (kW).

[0072] Microgrid power balance constraints: the sum of the outputs of all energy storage units at any given time equals the sum of the load demands (ignoring losses), and network transmission capacity constraints, if photovoltaic output is considered. :

[0073]

[0074] in, For family At any moment To the family Power transmitted For family Energy storage unit at any time The power of the discharge. For family Photovoltaics at all times Power generation capacity For family At any moment Power consumption For family Energy storage unit at any time Charging power, For family At any moment To the family Power delivered. Indicates that the household's input and output of electricity are equal.

[0075] Simultaneous grid interface limits: no simultaneous import and export, and each is constrained by a maximum value, i.e.

[0076]

[0077] where is the import / export state binary variable, is the home energy storage unit's state of charge binary variable at time (1 = import / charge from grid allowed for this period, 0 = not allowed, ), is the home energy storage unit's state of discharge binary variable at time (1 = export / discharge to grid allowed for this period, 0 = not allowed, is the charging power from the grid (kW, > 0; positive definition as "grid -> home " in-flow), is the discharging power to the grid (kW, > 0; positive definition as "home -> grid" out-flow), is the maximum charging power upper limit of the grid interface (kW), is the maximum discharging power upper limit of the grid interface (kW). It indicates that only charging or discharging can be selected for the same period, and each is constrained by the upper limit.

[0078] Battery capacity and SOC constraints, energy storage state equation and capacity limits:

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] where, is the state of charge of the energy storage at time (kWh), is the charging efficiency (0-1, dimensionless), is the discharging efficiency (0-1, dimensionless), is the charging power (kWh, > 0), is the discharging power (kWh, > 0), is the period length (hours, h; if the step is 15 minutes, = 0.25), and are the lower / upper limits of the state of charge (kWh), respectively. is the index of the final period of optimization, Terminal loop condition (return to initial state at the end of the period, avoid "eating electricity" or "storing electricity"). The current time energy storage charge is obtained by adding the "charging into the warehouse energy" to the previous time state and subtracting the "discharging out of the warehouse energy", and the charging and discharging efficiencies are considered respectively.

[0082] And apply the "not at the same time charging and discharging" authorization constraint:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] wherein, is a charging authorization binary variable (1 = allow charging, 0 = prohibit, is a discharging authorization binary variable (1 = allow charging, 0 = prohibit, ), is the upper limit of the inverter / battery side rated power (kW). It indicates that "charging and discharging at the same time" is prohibited in the same period, and when the authorization = 0, the corresponding power is forced to 0; when the authorization = 1, the power does not exceed the device upper limit.

[0086] The power scheduling control module can use optimization methods such as linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming or dynamic programming to solve. Since the load and photovoltaic output may change during power failure, this module can adopt a rolling optimization strategy, updating the optimization calculation regularly (e.g. every 5 minutes) to adjust the power instruction to respond to changes.

[0087] In step S406 (instruction package generation) and step S407 (issuing and monitoring), the power scheduling control module 33 encapsulates the calculated optimal power value into a scheduling instruction package, and issues it to the corresponding home energy storage unit 10 through the communication module 20. After each slave node receives the instruction, it controls its inverter to execute accurately. At the same time, the control unit will monitor the execution state feedback of each node to ensure that the instruction is correctly executed and to prepare for the contribution statistics of the next period. In this way, a closed-loop control process (corresponding to step D rolling scheduling in Figure 4 ) is formed, which continues to run until the main grid is restored.

[0088] For each home , in each time period of off-grid operation , the power instruction is issued:

[0089]

[0090] wherein is the power instruction set issued to the home , is the power instruction set issued to the home The time of issuance Net power directive (kW).

[0091] A scheduling scheme can also be represented in matrix form: define the scheduling matrix. ,in Indicates the household during the entire off-grid operation period To the family Net energy supply (if) This indicates that the energy stored in a household supplies its own load. Treating multiple households as nodes in a graph, if a household... and If energy can be directly exchanged, then the matrix value ,otherwise The collaborative scheduling weight matrix can be further defined. ,like ( For family The importance weights are used to reflect connection strength or capacity limitations. Each row of the scheduling matrix represents the power supply allocation from one household as the energy supplier to each household, and each column represents the energy received by one household as the energy consumer from each household. Based on the optimization results, the control unit packages the execution instructions for each energy storage unit into a scheduling instruction package and sends it out. The instruction package contains information such as the target power curve that the energy storage unit should output in the subsequent period, the start and end times of execution, and the node identifiers involved in the coordinated power supply. After receiving the instruction package, the controller of each household energy storage unit 10 switches to the corresponding power control mode and performs charging and discharging according to the scheduling requirements. To improve reliability, the power scheduling instructions can also be accompanied by an anomaly detection and feedback mechanism (corresponding to...). Figure 4 Step E (Operation Monitoring): For example, each energy storage unit is required to report its actual output power periodically and compare it with the instructions; if it is found that a node is not supplying power as planned (possibly due to battery depletion or failure), the control unit can adjust the instruction sequence of other energy storage units in a timely manner to compensate for the power gap and prevent a certain household load from not receiving power.

[0092] After the main grid restores power, the system proceeds to steps S5 (detection of main grid restoration), S6 (synchronization and grid connection), and S7 (energy settlement). This corresponds to... Figure 4 The latter half of the process shown.

[0093] In step F (mains power restoration judgment), the off-grid switching module 34 confirms that the main grid has been stably restored. Subsequently, in step G (grid synchronization), it coordinates all household energy storage units 10 to ensure that the voltage, frequency, and phase of their inverter outputs are consistent with the main grid, and then controls the automatic transfer switch to close, so that the entire community can be smoothly reconnected to the main grid and the normal power supply mode can be restored.

[0094] After grid connection is completed, the grid connection clearing module 35 starts working, executing step H (data aggregation) and step I (clearing and settlement).

[0095] In step H, the grid-connected clearing module 35 collects data logs from each household energy storage unit throughout the off-grid operation process, including power generation output and load power supply status. Using this data, the system calculates the actual energy exchange between households, i.e., the energy flow matrix mentioned above. Based on this matrix, it can be clearly determined how much energy each household provides to others as an energy supplier, and how much energy it receives from others as an energy consumer. Settlement is then carried out according to predetermined clearing rules.

[0096] In step I, the module automatically calculates the settlement amount according to preset settlement rules. In this embodiment, a settlement rule based on a uniform electricity price is adopted. For example, the community can pre-agree on an internal mutual assistance electricity price, such as 0.8 yuan / kWh. The grid connection settlement module 35 calculates the net exchanged electricity for each household. ( Each period family (Total power output and input). If A positive value indicates the family is a net contributor and should receive a benefit; a negative value indicates a net user and should pay a fee. The final settlement amount is... The calculated liquidation results can generate a detailed settlement list (corresponding to...). Figure 4 Step J) is sent to each household's user terminal and can be integrated with third-party payment platforms or the electricity company's billing system to achieve automated fee transfer.

[0097] Under a simple rule, either the local electricity price during a power outage or a pre-agreed community electricity price can be selected. (For example, referencing the average daily wholesale electricity price or peak-valley time-of-use electricity price for the corresponding period during the power outage) as the settlement unit price to calculate the transaction amount or points change for each household. For example, for households... ,like Then its settlement income .when A positive value indicates that the household's net electricity supply is [value missing], and [value missing] can be obtained. Amount (or equivalent points reward); if A negative value indicates net electricity consumption, for which payment should be made. Amount (or points deducted).

[0098] In another embodiment, a market-based points model or virtual currency mechanism is introduced, whereby the power supply credit module assigns each household a certain initial energy points, and then dynamically adjusts the electricity price and settlement results based on contributions. For example, the system can simulate the dynamic electricity pricing mechanism of the electricity market: during the operation of the power outage microgrid, an instantaneous energy price is set that changes with supply and demand. When supply is insufficient, the price is raised to encourage more output, and when supply is excessive, the price is lowered to encourage more electricity use or storage. This dynamic pricing can refer to the normal power grid day-ahead price curve and peak-valley time-of-use price to set the base price, and make adjustments in real-time operation according to the supply-demand difference in the microgrid, or even refer to the grid node LMP (Locational Marginal Pricing) model to give slightly different local prices for nodes at different locations in the microgrid considering power flow constraints.

[0099] The grid-connected clearing module can calculate the energy currency points of each household according to the preset algorithm. The power supply contribution points of each household are integrated: for example, a household In the time period supplies power , and the microgrid price at that time is , then the energy currency points obtained by the household increase by , where , is the discrete time step (unit: hour, usually 5 minutes = 1 / 12 hour) of settlement / scheduling. Conversely, if it is consumed, it will be deducted. Similarly, the reputation value can also be updated smoothly after settlement to reflect the impact of this cooperation on future scheduling. The clearing module finally outputs the settlement list of each household, for example, how much a household should pay to some neighbors or transfer how many points. Since the system has built-in virtual accounts, each household can directly deduct the cost or transfer money through the accumulated points, realizing automatic settlement. The settlement result can also be connected to the actual payment system or electricity bill to ensure that each user does not lose money economically, and truly realizes the virtuous cycle of "who contributes, who benefits, and who uses electricity, pays more".

[0100] Through the above process, the system of the embodiment realizes automatic and rapid organization of neighborhood energy storage to form an island microgrid when the main power grid is powered off, ensures emergency power supply through reputation-based optimal scheduling, and automatically completes fair and transparent energy exchange settlement after the power grid is restored, thereby greatly improving the power supply resilience and energy utilization efficiency of the community.

[0101] The specific embodiments of the application are described above. It should be understood that the application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the application. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A neighborhood-resilient multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply system, characterized in that, include: The neighborhood discovery module is used to identify multiple home energy storage units in the same neighborhood area under the preset condition of detecting a main grid fault and power outage, and to establish a communication connection with the multiple home energy storage units through the communication module to form a collaborative microgrid; The off-grid switching module is used to control the multiple home energy storage units to switch from grid-connected mode to off-grid operation mode when a main grid fault is detected, forming an island microgrid to continuously supply power to neighboring homes. The power supply reputation module is used to record and evaluate the power supply and power consumption of each household node to the islanded microgrid during the collaborative power supply process, and calculate the reputation score value corresponding to each household node accordingly. The calculation methods for the credit score value corresponding to each household node include: in, For nodes The electrical energy supplied to the microgrid For nodes Based on the actual electrical energy used by microgrids For nodes Honor points, For the current moment, Indicates interval truncation; For nodes Electrical energy obtained from the microgrid For nodes Electrical energy supplied to the microgrid; As a benchmark for energy normalization; The capping coefficient for single-cycle contribution. Forgetting factor, , where is a dimensionless weight; The power dispatch control module is used to generate a power dispatch command for multi-household coordinated power supply based on the electricity demand of each household in the islanded microgrid, the preset status information of each household energy storage unit, and the credit score value calculated by the power supply credit module, and send it to the corresponding household energy storage unit to execute the predetermined power output. The preset status information includes the battery charge status of each household energy storage unit. The grid-connected settlement module is used to collect the power supply and consumption data of each household node during the off-grid operation mode after the main grid restores power supply, and automatically calculate the energy exchange settlement results between households.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neighborhood discovery module establishes a communication connection with the multiple home energy storage units through wireless ad hoc network communication technology, which includes at least one of Wi-Fi Mesh network, LoRa, or ZigBee.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When generating the power dispatch command, the power dispatch control module aims to minimize the internal power loss of the islanded microgrid or maximize the satisfaction of critical loads.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The offline handover module is also used for: In the isolated microgrid, at least one residential energy storage unit is configured as the master control node to provide voltage and frequency references; and When the main control node is underpowered or malfunctions, another home energy storage unit is dynamically switched to become the new main control node.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The home energy storage unit includes onboard energy storage devices for electric vehicles connected to the collaborative microgrid.

6. A neighborhood-resilient multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When a main grid fault is detected, multiple home energy storage units located in the same neighborhood are identified and connected, and the multiple home energy storage units are controlled to switch from grid-connected mode to off-grid operation mode to form a collaborative island microgrid. During the off-grid operation mode of the islanded microgrid, a credit score is calculated based on the power supply and power usage of each household node. Power dispatch instructions are generated and issued to the corresponding household energy storage units according to the electricity demand of each household, the preset status information of each household energy storage unit, and the credit score, so as to carry out coordinated power supply. The preset status information includes the battery charge status of each household energy storage unit. After the main grid restores power supply, power supply and consumption data during the off-grid operation mode are collected, and energy exchange settlement results are automatically calculated. The calculation methods for the credit score value corresponding to each household node include: in, For nodes The electrical energy supplied to the microgrid For nodes Based on the actual electrical energy used by microgrids For nodes Honor points, For the current moment, Indicates interval truncation; For nodes Electrical energy obtained from the microgrid For nodes Electrical energy supplied to the microgrid; As a benchmark for energy normalization; The capping coefficient for single-cycle contribution. Forgetting factor, , where is a dimensionless weight.

7. The neighborhood-resilient multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When generating the power dispatch command, the optimization objective is to minimize the internal power loss of the islanded microgrid or maximize the satisfaction of critical loads.

8. The multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply method based on neighborhood elasticity according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the isolated microgrid, at least one home energy storage unit is configured as the master control node to provide voltage and frequency references; when the master control node is underpowered or fails, another home energy storage unit is dynamically switched to become the new master control node.

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