A dwarfing pruning treatment method for pinus oocarpa

Abstract

The application provides a Pinus oocarpa dwarfing pruning treatment method and relates to the technical field of Pinus oocarpa dwarfing afforestation. The treatment method mainly comprises the following steps: ring peeling the bark of the top of a Pinus oocarpa sapling, cutting off the sapling below the ring peeling position after a period of time, preliminarily pruning the first-order lateral branches and then performing branch pulling treatment, part of the lateral branches serving as fixed lateral branches and part of the lateral branches serving as excess lateral branches, setting a notch at the connection position of the excess lateral branches and the main stem, cutting off the excess lateral branches and performing secondary pruning on the fixed lateral branches after the notch grows into a knot, performing tertiary pruning on the fixed lateral branches after a period of time, and finally completing the final pruning. The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively promotes the thickening of the main stem and the lateral branches of Pinus oocarpa through the pruning method, and achieves the purpose of dwarfing afforestation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dwarfing afforestation technology for Pinus sylvestris, specifically to a method for dwarfing pruning of Pinus sylvestris. Background Technology

[0002] Simao pine is an important timber and resin-producing tree species and an afforestation species in Yunnan. Currently, it still faces the problem of limited raw material supply, and this shortage is becoming increasingly serious. The solution lies in improving the intensive management level of this major timber species through improved varieties and cultivation, thereby significantly increasing yield. Simao pine has now fully entered the second generation of breeding. However, most of the early established first and 1.5 generation seed orchards have entered their aging period, with reproductive growth gradually declining. Furthermore, the trees are tall, making seed collection and tree management difficult, resulting in challenges in seed collection and pollination, and making it difficult to meet the ever-increasing demand for Simao pine afforestation. How to fully tap the potential of existing Simao pine seed orchards for improved variety production, and how to take targeted measures to rejuvenate and rejuvenate the declining mother trees in these orchards, ensuring seed yield and quality, extending their production and management lifespan, and enabling them to continue playing a role in the development of the forestry industry, has gradually become one of the key scientific issues that forestry scientists are focusing on and urgently need to solve.

[0003] Dwarfing pruning can increase the canopy size of seed orchards, increase flowering and fruit production, and is easy to manage, facilitating mechanized operations and improving labor efficiency. Current dwarfing techniques involve first cultivating a specific ideal tree shape through dwarfing pruning in the early stages of tree growth, and then adjusting the relationship between fruiting branches and vegetative branches annually as needed to ensure the cultivation objectives are achieved. Dwarfing pruning is an important measure for maintaining a reasonable tree structure and has a significant effect on improving quality, rejuvenating, and increasing fruit production in seed orchards.

[0004] A pronounced apical dominance is one of the main biological characteristics of the Pinus simonii. Pruning the trunk encourages thicker lateral branches, increases the number of branches, and expands the outer canopy, increasing the number of fruiting branches on the mother tree. It also reduces canopy height, lowering pollination and seed collection costs and difficulties. Therefore, proper pruning of Pinus simonii is an important management method at present. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for dwarfing pine pruning, which can effectively dwarf the pine, thicken the main trunk and lateral branches, and achieve the goal of dwarfing afforestation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for dwarfing pine pruning, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Select young Pinus simonii trees with a growth rate of 1.2-2.0m, and perform girdling on the bark of the main trunk at a height of 1.1-1.4m from the ground at the top. Then spray alcohol on the girdled area.

[0009] S2. After 1-2 months of girdling, cut the main stem 1-2 cm below the girdling and retain all first-order lateral branches below the cut surface.

[0010] S3. Select a portion of the primary lateral branches as fixed lateral branches. After pruning 1 / 3 of the fixed lateral branches, use cables to pull the branches downward. The other portion of the primary lateral branches are surplus lateral branches. Make an oblique cut at the connection point between the surplus lateral branches and the main trunk and prune 2 / 3 of the surplus lateral branches.

[0011] S4. After 2-3 months of treatment in step S3, cut off the remaining lateral branches and perform a second pruning on the fixed lateral branches.

[0012] S5. Two to three months after the second pruning, a third pruning is carried out to remove some of the secondary lateral branches and complete the dwarfing treatment of Pinus simonii.

[0013] Preferably, the depth of girdling in step S1 is 0.1-0.2 cm, and the width of girdling is 0.5-0.8 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the girdling treatment in step S1 is performed in September or October, and is carried out in the evening. The equipment is disinfected before girdling.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the number of lateral branches is 2-4, and the rest are reserved as surplus lateral branches.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the specific determination of lateral branches and surplus lateral branches is determined according to the actual tree shape of the Pinus yunnanensis. If the average vertical spacing of the lateral branches on the same side of the Pinus yunnanensis is ≤30cm, then the tree shape is "concentrated". When the average vertical spacing of the lateral branches on the same side of the Pinus yunnanensis is >30cm, then the tree shape is "dispersed". When the tree shape is "concentrated", the lateral branch at the top of the vertical height is selected as the surplus lateral branch, and the lateral branch below the surplus lateral branch is the fixed lateral branch. When the tree shape is "dispersed", the surplus lateral branches and fixed lateral branches are alternately set at the vertical height.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the method of pulling the branch downward with a cable involves tying a cable near the cross-section of the fixed lateral branch and pulling it toward the ground, and tightening the cable every 1-2 months until the angle between the fixed lateral branch and the upper end of the main trunk is 70-90°.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the incision depth at the junction of the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk is 1-1.5 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the secondary pruning method in step S4 involves removing 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the secondary lateral branches that are longer than 40cm.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, after pruning some of the secondary lateral branches, the number of secondary lateral branches retained for each fixed lateral branch is ≤4.

[0021] This invention provides a method for dwarfing pruning of Pinus sylvestris, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] This invention involves early bark girdling at the top of the *Pinus kesoniaensis*. Due to the significant apical dominance of *Pinus kesoniaensis*, upward nutrient transport is hindered, causing more nutrients to flow to the lateral branches. This promotes the growth and development of the upper lateral branches before pruning. After the top is cut off, nutrients are more evenly distributed to the lateral branches. By making incisions at the junction of the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk, callus tissue can gradually form, accelerating the absorption of nutrients by the trunk and further promoting the thickening of the main trunk. Subsequent pruning removes the remaining lateral branches and excess secondary lateral branches, ensuring that the main nutrients of the *Pinus kesoniaensis* are supplied to the main trunk and the thickening of the fixed lateral branches, achieving a dwarfing effect and promoting the efficient growth of the fixed lateral branches. This provides a good foundation for reducing seed collection costs and increasing cone yield in the future. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the main branches and lateral branches of a Pinus simonii with a "dispersed" tree shape in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the main branches and lateral branches of a Pinus simonii with a "centralized" tree shape in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a knot formed at the connection between the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the completed pruning of the "dispersed" Pinus simonii trees in Group 1 of this invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the completed pruning of the "centralized" Pinus simonii trees in Group 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The following examples were conducted at Puwen Forest Farm in Jinghong City. Two-year-old grafted Pinus sylvestris var. ... Example 1:

[0030] Fifty healthy, disease-free Pinus simonii trees of similar growth were selected from the forest farm and divided into five groups of ten trees each. The trees were then pruned according to the following methods:

[0031] 1. Pruning of Group 1:

[0032] (1) On the evening of September 16, 2023, each sapling of Pinus simonii was girdled with disinfected girdling shears at a height of 1.1-1.4m above the ground. The depth of the girdled bark was controlled at 0.1-0.2cm and the width of the girdled bark at 0.5-0.8cm. After girdling, alcohol was sprayed on the girdled area for disinfection.

[0033] (2) On the evening of October 27, 2023, the main trunk of the Pinus simonii was cut off 1-2 cm below the girdling site;

[0034] (3) Select a portion of robust first-order lateral branches (lateral branches that directly connect to the trunk) as fixed lateral branches (2-4 branches) for different tree shapes, and set the rest as surplus lateral branches;

[0035] If the tree shape is "dispersed," meaning the lateral branches above the main trunk are distributed in an alternating pattern of varying heights, then alternate between surplus lateral branches and fixed lateral branches in terms of height, specifically as follows: Figure 1 (In the diagram, black represents the main trunk, red represents any remaining lateral branches, blue represents established lateral branches, and green represents secondary lateral branches.)

[0036] If the tree shape is "concentrated," meaning the lateral branches above the main trunk are densely distributed, then select several lateral branches at the top as reserve lateral branches, and the lateral branches below these reserve lateral branches as fixed lateral branches. Figure 2 (In the diagram, black represents the main trunk, red represents any remaining lateral branches, blue represents established lateral branches, and green represents secondary lateral branches.)

[0037] After pruning one-third of the lateral branch, tie one end of the cable near the section of the lateral branch, and then tie the other end of the cable to the ground fixing stake. Apply a downward pull to the lateral branch to pull it up (tighten the cable once every 30-60 days, so that the angle between the lateral branch and the upper end of the main trunk is 70-90°, and then release the cable).

[0038] Make a 1-1.5cm deep incision at the junction of the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk, and cut off 2 / 3 of the remaining lateral branches.

[0039] (4) On the evening of January 6, 2024, all remaining lateral branches were cut off (at this time, knots could be observed forming at the junction of the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk, such as...). Figure 3 (As shown by the middle arrow); and prune 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the secondary lateral branches that have grown longer than 40cm on the fixed lateral branches;

[0040] (5) On March 12, 2024, the secondary lateral branches on the fixed lateral branches will be pruned, and the number of secondary lateral branches on each fixed lateral branch will be kept to 4 or less. The pruning will be completed (the tree shape will be "dispersed"). After the pruning is completed, the tree will be as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the tree shape is "concentrated". After pruning, it will look like this. Figure 5 (As shown).

[0041] 2. Pruning of Group 2:

[0042] (1) On the evening of October 27, 2023, the main trunk of each sapling of Pinus simonii was cut off directly at a height of 1.0-1.2m from the ground;

[0043] (2) Select a portion of robust first-order lateral branches (lateral branches directly connected to the trunk) as fixed lateral branches (2-4) for different tree shapes, and set the rest as surplus lateral branches;

[0044] If the tree shape is "dispersed", then alternate between excess lateral branches and fixed lateral branches in terms of height;

[0045] If the tree shape is "concentrated", then select the lateral branch at the top position as the surplus lateral branch, and the lateral branch below the surplus lateral branch as the fixed lateral branch.

[0046] After pruning one-third of the lateral branch, tie one end of the cable near the section of the lateral branch, and then tie the other end of the cable to the ground fixing stake. Apply a downward pull to the lateral branch to pull it up (tighten the cable once every 30-60 days, so that the angle between the lateral branch and the upper end of the main trunk is 70-90°, and then release the cable).

[0047] Make a 1-1.5cm deep incision at the junction of the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk, and cut off 2 / 3 of the remaining lateral branches.

[0048] (3) On the evening of January 6, 2024, cut off all the remaining lateral branches (at this time, it can be observed that knots are formed at the connection between the remaining lateral branches and the main trunk); and cut off 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the secondary lateral branches with a growth length of more than 40cm on the fixed lateral branches.

[0049] (4) On March 12, 2024, the secondary lateral branches on the fixed lateral branches will be pruned, and the number of secondary lateral branches on each fixed lateral branch will be kept to 4 or less, and the pruning will be completed.

[0050] 3. Pruning of Group 3:

[0051] (1) On the evening of September 16, 2023, each sapling of Pinus simonii was girdled with disinfected girdling shears at a height of 1.1-1.4m above the ground. The depth of the girdled bark was controlled at 0.1-0.2cm and the width of the girdled bark at 0.5-0.8cm. After girdling, alcohol was sprayed on the girdled area for disinfection.

[0052] (2) On the evening of October 27, 2023, the main trunk of the Pinus simonii was cut off 1-2 cm below the girdling site;

[0053] (3) Select a portion of robust first-order lateral branches (lateral branches that directly connect to the trunk) as fixed lateral branches (2-4 branches) for different tree shapes, and set the rest as surplus lateral branches;

[0054] If the tree shape is "dispersed", then alternate between excess lateral branches and fixed lateral branches in terms of height;

[0055] If the tree shape is "concentrated", then select the lateral branch at the top position as the surplus lateral branch, and the lateral branch below the surplus lateral branch as the fixed lateral branch.

[0056] After pruning one-third of the lateral branch, tie one end of the cable near the section of the lateral branch, and then tie the other end of the cable to the ground fixing stake. Apply a downward pull to the lateral branch to pull it up (tighten the cable once every 30-60 days, so that the angle between the lateral branch and the upper end of the main trunk is 70-90°, and then release the cable).

[0057] Prune off 2 / 3 of the remaining lateral branches;

[0058] (4) On the evening of January 6, 2024, cut off all remaining lateral branches; and cut off 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the secondary lateral branches with a length of more than 40cm on the fixed lateral branches.

[0059] (5) On March 12, 2024, the secondary lateral branches on the fixed lateral branches will be pruned, and the number of secondary lateral branches on each fixed lateral branch will be kept to 4 or less, and the pruning will be completed.

[0060] 4. Pruning of Group 4:

[0061] (1) On the evening of September 16, 2023, each sapling of Pinus simonii was girdled with disinfected girdling shears at a height of 1.1-1.4m above the ground. The depth of the girdled bark was controlled at 0.1-0.2cm and the width of the girdled bark at 0.5-0.8cm. After girdling, alcohol was sprayed on the girdled area for disinfection.

[0062] (2) On the evening of October 27, 2023, the main trunk of the Pinus simonii was cut off 1-2 cm below the girdling site;

[0063] (3) Select a portion of robust first-order lateral branches (lateral branches that directly connect to the trunk) as fixed lateral branches (2-4 branches) for different tree shapes, and set the rest as surplus lateral branches;

[0064] If the tree shape is "dispersed", then alternate between excess lateral branches and fixed lateral branches in terms of height;

[0065] If the tree shape is "concentrated", then select the lateral branch at the top position as the surplus lateral branch, and the lateral branch below the surplus lateral branch as the fixed lateral branch.

[0066] After pruning one-third of the lateral branch, tie one end of the cable near the section of the lateral branch, and then tie the other end of the cable to the ground fixing stake. Apply a downward pull to the lateral branch to pull it up (tighten the cable once every 30-60 days, so that the angle between the lateral branch and the upper end of the main trunk is 70-90°, and then release the cable).

[0067] Cut off any remaining lateral branches directly.

[0068] (4) On the evening of January 6, 2024, cut off 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the secondary lateral branches that have grown to a length of more than 40cm on the fixed lateral branches;

[0069] (5) On March 12, 2024, the secondary lateral branches on the fixed lateral branches will be pruned, and the number of secondary lateral branches on each fixed lateral branch will be kept to 4 or less, and the pruning will be completed.

[0070] 5. Pruning of Group 5:

[0071] (1) On the evening of October 27, 2023, the main trunk of each sapling of Pinus simonii was cut off directly at a height of 1.0-1.2m from the ground;

[0072] (2) Select a portion of robust first-order lateral branches (lateral branches directly connected to the trunk) as fixed lateral branches (2-4) for different tree shapes, and set the rest as surplus lateral branches;

[0073] If the tree shape is "dispersed", then alternate between excess lateral branches and fixed lateral branches in terms of height;

[0074] If the tree shape is "concentrated", then select the lateral branch at the top position as the surplus lateral branch, and the lateral branch below the surplus lateral branch as the fixed lateral branch.

[0075] After pruning one-third of the lateral branch, tie one end of the cable near the section of the lateral branch, and then tie the other end of the cable to the ground fixing stake. Apply a downward pull to the lateral branch to pull it up (tighten the cable once every 30-60 days, so that the angle between the lateral branch and the upper end of the main trunk is 70-90°, and then release the cable).

[0076] Cut off any remaining lateral branches directly.

[0077] (3) On the evening of January 6, 2024, cut off 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the secondary lateral branches that have grown to a length of more than 40cm on the fixed lateral branches;

[0078] (4) On March 12, 2024, the secondary lateral branches on the fixed lateral branches will be pruned, and the number of secondary lateral branches on each fixed lateral branch will be kept to 4 or less, and the pruning will be completed.

[0079] Detection:

[0080] The thickness of the main trunk and the thickness of the first-order lateral branches in each group were measured on September 15, 2023, February 15, 2024, June 15, 2024, and December 15, 2024, respectively. The specific results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] The growth rate of the main trunk and first-order lateral branches was calculated from September 15, 2023 to December 15, 2024. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0084] Table 2

[0085]

[0086] The above tests show that the pruning method of Group 1 can effectively promote the thickening of the main trunk and lateral branches, and improve the dwarfing effect of Pinus sylvestris.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dwarfing pruning treatment method for Pinus massoniana, characterized by, The processing method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a young tree of Pinus kesiya var. lasiocarpa with a growth of 1.2-2.0 m, ring-barking the bark of the main stem at a position 1.1-1.4 m from the top of the tree, and then spraying alcohol at the ring-barked position; S2, after 1-2 months of ring-barking, cutting off the main stem at a position 1-2 cm below the ring-barked position, and retaining all first-order lateral branches below the cut-off surface; S3, selecting a part of the first-order lateral branches as fixed lateral branches, cutting off 1 / 3 of the fixed lateral branches, and then pulling down the branches using a cable, and selecting the other part of the first-order lateral branches as excess lateral branches, cutting an incision at a position inclined to the connection between the excess lateral branches and the main stem, and cutting off 2 / 3 of the excess lateral branches; S4, after 2-3 months of the treatment in step S3, cutting off the excess lateral branches, and performing secondary pruning on the fixed lateral branches; S5, after 2-3 months of the secondary pruning, performing tertiary pruning, cutting off part of the second-order lateral branches, and completing the dwarfing treatment of Pinus kesiya var. lasiocarpa.

2. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The depth of the ring-barking in step S1 is 0.1-0.2 cm, and the width of the ring-barking is 0.5-0.8 cm.

3. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The ring-barking treatment in step S1 is performed in September-October, and the operation is performed in the evening, and the equipment is sterilized before the ring-barking.

4. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The number of the fixed lateral branches in step S3 is 3-5, and the rest are excess lateral branches.

5. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The fixed lateral branches and the excess lateral branches in step S3 are determined according to the actual tree shape of Pinus kesiya var. lasiocarpa, if the average value of the vertical distance between the lateral branches on the same side of Pinus kesiya var. lasiocarpa is ≤30 cm, the tree shape is "concentrated type", if the average value of the vertical distance between the lateral branches on the same side of Pinus kesiya var. lasiocarpa is >30 cm, the tree shape is "dispersed type", if the tree shape is "concentrated type", the lateral branches at the top of the vertical height are selected as the excess lateral branches, and the lateral branches below the excess lateral branches are selected as the fixed lateral branches, if the tree shape is "dispersed type", the excess lateral branches and the fixed lateral branches are alternately arranged on the vertical height.

6. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The way of pulling down the branches using a cable in step S3 is to bind a cable near the cut surface of the fixed lateral branches and pull it to the ground, and the cable is tightened every 1-2 months until the angle between the fixed lateral branches and the upper end of the main stem is 70-90°.

7. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The depth of the incision cut at the position inclined to the connection between the excess lateral branches and the main stem in step S3 is 1-1.5 cm.

8. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: The way of secondary pruning of the fixed lateral branches in step S4 is to cut off 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the second-order lateral branches with a length of more than 40 cm.

9. The treatment method of claim 1, wherein: After cutting off part of the second-order lateral branches in step S5, the number of the second-order lateral branches retained on each fixed lateral branch is ≤4.

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