Communication method and communication device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a communication method and a communication device. The method includes a communication device performing first channel estimation to obtain first channel information of a first channel and second channel information of a second channel, and obtaining auxiliary information according to the first channel information and the second channel information, where the auxiliary information indicates a relationship between the first channel and the second channel. The method can be regarded as a training process for obtaining the auxiliary information, and the auxiliary information is used for further channel estimation, so that the channel estimation performance is improved.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 506,719, entitled “A METHOD AND APPARATUS OF PAIRING MULTIPLE USERS IN A VERY LARGE MIMO SYSTEM” and filed on June 7, 2023, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more particularly to a communication method and a communication apparatus. BACKGROUND

[0003] In a wireless communication system, to implement system synchronization, channel information feedback, and data transmission, channel estimation needs to be performed on an uplink channel or a downlink channel.

[0004] To perform channel estimation, a reference signal can be transmitted between a receiving device and a transmitting device. How to use the reference signal to perform channel estimation is a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and a communication apparatus. The technical solution can improve channel estimation performance.

[0006] According to a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, which can be performed by a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus is a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE)) or a chip in a communication device. The method comprises: performing first channel estimation to obtain first channel information of a first channel and second channel information of a second channel; and obtaining auxiliary information according to the first channel information and the second channel information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates a relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the communication apparatus can obtain channel measurement results as training data, that is, the first channel information and the second channel information, and then the communication apparatus can obtain auxiliary information according to the training data (the first channel information and the second channel information). The auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel, so the auxiliary information can be used for channel estimation, which can improve channel estimation performance. For example, the communication apparatus can obtain the coefficient of one channel according to the coefficient of another channel and the auxiliary information.

[0008] In a possible design, performing the first channel estimation to obtain the first channel information of the first channel and the second channel information of the second channel includes: performing the first channel estimation in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges to obtain the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the reference signal can be obtained in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges, and the reference signal is used for first channel estimation to obtain first channel information and second channel information, which can improve the accuracy of the auxiliary information.

[0010] In a possible design, obtaining the auxiliary information according to the first channel information and the second channel information includes: obtaining the auxiliary information according to the first channel information and the second channel information by one or more of the following: artificial intelligence, manifold, or subspace projection.

[0011] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving a first reference signal; and performing a second channel estimation according to the first reference signal and the auxiliary information.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, after obtaining the auxiliary information, the communication apparatus can perform channel estimation according to the auxiliary information.

[0013] In a possible design, the auxiliary information includes a pattern of the first reference signal, and the method further includes: sending the pattern of the first reference signal.

[0014] In a possible design, the pattern of the first reference signal indicates one or more positions of the first reference signal, and the one or more positions include one or more frequency domain positions, where the one or more frequency domain positions are related to one or more transmission ports or code division multiplexing groups.

[0015] In a possible design, the method further includes: sending the auxiliary information and a second reference signal; and receiving channel matrix information or channel state information, where the channel matrix information or the channel state information is determined by estimating a channel according to the auxiliary information and the second reference signal.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, after obtaining the auxiliary information, the communication apparatus can send the auxiliary information to another communication apparatus, and then the other communication apparatus can perform channel estimation according to the auxiliary information.

[0017] In a possible design, the method further includes: determining the channel state information according to the channel matrix information and the auxiliary information.

[0018] In one possible design, the assistance information includes a pattern of the second reference signal.

[0019] In one possible design, the assistance information includes one or more of a first matrix, a second matrix, and a permutation matrix, where the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel spatial basis matrices, and a dimension of the first matrix is larger than a dimension of the second matrix.

[0020] According to a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, which can be performed by a communication device. The communication device is a communication device (e.g., a base station or a UE) or a chip in a communication device. The method includes: receiving a reference signal; performing a second channel estimation according to the reference signal and assistance information, wherein the assistance information is determined according to first channel information of a first channel and second channel information of a second channel, the first channel information and the second channel information are determined by performing a first channel estimation, and the assistance information indicates a relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, the assistance information indicates the relationship between different channels (e.g., the first channel and the second channel), so that the communication device can perform channel estimation according to the received reference signal to obtain channel coefficients corresponding to one channel, and obtain second channel coefficients corresponding to another channel according to the channel coefficients and the assistance information. This can improve the accuracy of channel estimation, and can save signaling overhead since the transmitting device does not need to transmit a reference signal corresponding to another channel.

[0022] In one possible design, the first channel information and the second channel information are determined by performing the first channel estimation in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges.

[0023] In one possible design, the assistance information is determined according to the first channel information and the second channel information by using one or more of the following: artificial intelligence, manifold, or subspace projection.

[0024] In one possible design, the method further includes: receiving the assistance information.

[0025] In one possible design, the assistance information includes a pattern of the reference signal.

[0026] In one possible design, the pattern of the reference signal indicates one or more positions of the reference signal, and the one or more positions of the reference signal include frequency domain positions, where the frequency domain positions are related to one or more transmission ports or code division multiplexing groups.

[0027] In one possible design, performing the second channel estimation based on the reference signal and the assistance information includes performing the second channel estimation based on the reference signal and the assistance information to obtain channel matrix information or channel state information, and transmitting the channel matrix information or the channel state information.

[0028] In one possible design, the assistance information includes one or more of a first matrix, a second matrix, and a permutation matrix, the first matrix and the second matrix representing a channel spatial basis matrix, the first matrix having a larger dimension than the second matrix.

[0029] The various implementation manners of the second aspect correspond to the various implementation manners of the first aspect. The beneficial technical effects of the various implementation manners of the second aspect and the various implementation manners can be referred to the description of the related implementation manners of the first aspect, which will not be described herein.

[0030] According to the third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided for performing the method in any of the possible implementation manners of the above aspects. Specifically, the apparatus includes units for performing the method in any of the possible implementation manners of the above aspects.

[0031] According to the fourth aspect, another communication apparatus is provided, which includes a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute one or more instructions in the memory to implement the method in any of the possible implementation manners of the various aspects. The memory can be an on-chip storage unit inside the processor, or an off-chip storage unit coupled to the memory and located outside the processor. In one possible implementation manner, the apparatus further includes the memory. In one possible implementation manner, the apparatus further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0032] In one possible design, the communication apparatus can be a transmitting apparatus (e.g., a base station or a user equipment), can be a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the transmitting apparatus, or can be a device including the transmitting apparatus.

[0033] In one possible design, the communication apparatus can be a receiving apparatus (e.g., a base station or a user equipment), can be a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the receiving apparatus, or can be a device including the receiving apparatus.

[0034] According to the fifth aspect, a computer readable storage medium is provided. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a communication apparatus, causes the communication apparatus to implement the method in any of the possible implementation manners of the above aspects.

[0035] According to a sixth aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising one or more instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the communication device is caused to implement the method in any possible implementation of the above aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the present application; Figure 2 An example communication system 100 is shown; Figure 3 Another example of an electronic device (ED) 110 and a base station 170a, a base station 170b and / or a base station 170c is shown; Figure 4 is an example of a channel model for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system; Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method 500 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 600 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 700 according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 is an illustration of explicit channel feedback; Figure 9 is another illustration of explicit channel feedback; Figure 10 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1000 according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1100 according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 12 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1200 according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 14 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 15 The main procedure for embodiment 1 is shown; Figure 16 is an illustration of a channel parameter; Figure 17 is an illustration of feedback of channel information for indicated RX and RE frequency location pairs; Figure 18is a feedback illustration of channel information of one or all RXs at RE frequency locations; Figure 19 The main procedure for Embodiment 2 is shown. Figure 20 is an illustration of a DL full channel; Figure 21 The main procedure for Embodiment 3 is shown. Figure 22 The main procedure for Embodiment 4 is shown. Figure 23 The main procedure for Embodiment 5 is shown. Figure 24 Units or modules in the device are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be applied in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be applied in various communication systems, for example, a fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, a new radio (NR) wireless communication system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a satellite communication system, or other evolved communication systems, for example, a sixth generation (6G) wireless communication system.

[0039] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the communication system shown in Figures 1-3 is taken as an example to describe the communication system to which the embodiments of the present application are applicable in detail.

[0040] Reference is made to Figure 1As illustrative examples but not by way of limitation, a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 includes a wireless access network 120. The wireless access network 120 can be a next generation (e.g., sixth generation (6G) or beyond) wireless access network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G, or 2G) wireless access network. One or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a-110j (collectively referred to as EDs 110) can be interconnected or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, collectively referred to as 170) in the wireless access network 120. A core network 130 can be part of the communication system, and can be dependent or independent of the wireless access technology used in the communication system 100. In addition, the communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.

[0041] Reference is made to Figure 2 An example communication system 100 is shown. Generally, the communication system 100 is capable of transmitting data and other content among a plurality of wireless or wireline elements. The communication system 100 can be designed to provide voice, data, video, and / or text content, among other content, through broadcast, multicast, and unicast, among other techniques. The communication system 100 can operate through sharing of resources (e.g., carrier frequency spectrum bandwidth) among its constituent elements. The communication system 100 can include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 can provide a wide range of communication services and applications (e.g., earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, automated delivery and mobility, among others). The communication system 100 can provide high availability and robustness through joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integration of the non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into the terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network that can be viewed as comprising multiple tiers. The heterogeneous network can achieve better overall performance compared to legacy communication networks through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible function sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between the terrestrial network and the non-terrestrial network.

[0042] The ground communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system can be considered as subsystems of a communication system. In the illustrated example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (EDs) 110a-110d (collectively, EDs 110), radio access networks (RANs) 120a and 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a and 120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a and 170b, which can be collectively referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes access nodes 120c, which can be collectively referred to as non-terrestrial transmit and receive points (NT-TRPs) 172.

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, any of the EDs 110 can be configured to connect with, access, or communicate with any other T-TRPs 170a and 170b, NT-TRPs 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the above. In some examples, the ED 110a can communicate uplink and / or downlink transmissions with the T-TRP 170a via an interface 190a. In some examples, the ED 110a, the ED 110b, and the ED 110d can also communicate directly with each other via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the ED 110d can communicate uplink and / or downlink transmissions with the NT-TRP 172 via an interface 190c.

[0044] The air interfaces 190a and 190b can use similar communication techniques, e.g., any applicable wireless access technology. For example, the communication system 100 can implement one or more channel access methods in the air interfaces 190a and 190b, e.g., code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA). The air interfaces 190a and 190b can utilize other higher-dimensional signal spaces, which can involve combinations of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.

[0045] The air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 over a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs and one or more NT-TRPs for groupcast transmission.

[0046] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c with access to various services, such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 can be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) that can or can not be of the same type as the RANs 120a and 120b, and that can or can not be associated with the core network 130. The core network 130 can also serve as a gateway for the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c or both to other networks (for example, the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) and can use a different radio technology and / or protocol than the RANs 120a and 120b or the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c. In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c can include functionality for communicating over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols to different wireless networks. The EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c can communicate with service providers or switches (not shown) and the Internet 150 through wired communication channels instead of or in addition to wireless communication. The PSTN 140 can include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 150 can include networks of computers and subnetworks (internets) or both, and can incorporate protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), and user datagram protocol (UDP). The EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c can be multi-mode devices capable of operating according to multiple wireless access technologies and include multiple transceivers needed to support these technologies.

[0047] Reference Figure 3, another example of ED 110 and base station 170a, base station 170b, and / or base station 170c is shown. ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, etc. ED 110 can be widely used in various scenarios, such as cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle to everything (V2X), peer-to-peer (P2P), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communication (MTC), internet of things (IOT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, automatic driving, remote medical treatment, smart power grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, unmanned aerial vehicle, robot, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, automatic distribution and mobility, etc.

[0048] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation, which can include (or can be referred to as) user equipment (UE / user device), wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular phone, station (STA), machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, notebook, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, consumer electronics, smart book, vehicle, car, truck, bus, train, or IoT device, industrial device or apparatus (e.g., communication module, modem, or chip) in the above devices, etc. Future generation ED 110 can be referred to as other terms. Base station 170a and base station 170b are T-TRP, which will be referred to as T-TRP 170 hereinafter. In addition, as shown in Figure 3 NT-TRP will be referred to as NT-TRP 172 hereinafter. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled), turned off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled), and / or configured in response to one or more of connection availability and connection necessity.

[0049] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is shown in the figure. One, some or all of the antennas can also be panels. The transmitter 201 and receiver 203 can be, for example, integrated as a transceiver. The transceiver is used to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or a network interface controller (NIC). The transceiver is also used to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating a signal for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing a signal received via wireless or wired means. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for sending and / or receiving a wireless or wired signal.

[0050] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software

[0051] The ED 110 can also include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (e.g., wired interfaces to the Internet 150). The input / output devices support interaction with a user or other devices. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications. Figure 1

[0052] ​The ED 110 also includes a processor 210 for performing various operations, including operations related to preparing transmissions for uplink transmissions to the NT-TRPs 172 and / or the T-TRPs 170, operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRPs 172 and / or the T-TRPs 170, and operations related to processing sidelink transmissions to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing transmissions for uplink transmissions can include operations such as encoding, modulation, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions can include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding received symbols. According to embodiments, the receiver 203 can receive downlink transmissions (possibly using receive beamforming), and the processor 210 can extract signaling (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) from the downlink transmissions. An example of the signaling can be reference signals transmitted by the NT-TRPs 172 and / or the T-TRPs 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming according to indications of beam directions (e.g., beam angle information (BAI)) received from the T-TRPs 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 can perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting synchronization sequences, decoding and acquiring system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 can perform channel estimation, e.g., using reference signals received from the NT-TRPs 172 and / or the T-TRPs 170.

[0053] Although not shown, the processor 210 can form part of the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203. Although not shown, the memory 208 can form part of the processor 210.

[0054] The processor 210, and processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203, respectively, can be implemented by the same or different one or more processors for executing instructions that are stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 208). Alternatively, part or all of the processor 210, and processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203, can be implemented using a specially-programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphical processing unit (GPU), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.

[0055] In some implementations, T-TRP 170 can go by other names, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS), a wireless base station, a network node, a network equipment, a network-side device, a transmission / reception node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), a home base station, a Generation NodeB (gNB), a transmission point (TP), a site controller, an access point (AP) or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a ground node, a ground network device or a ground base station, a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio unit (RRU), a radio unit (RU), an active antenna unit (AAU), a remote radio head (RRH), a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a positioning node, etc. T-TRP 170 can be a macro BS, a micro BS, a relay node, a source node, etc., or a combination thereof. T-TRP 170 can refer to the above devices, or a device (e.g., a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the above devices.

[0056] In some implementations, CU (or CU control plane (CP) and CU user plane (UP)), DU, or RU can go by other names. For example, in an open RAN (ORAN) system, CU can also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU), DU can also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU), CU-CP can also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP), CU-UP can also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-CP), and RU can also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU). Any of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, or RU can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0057] In some embodiments, various parts of T-TRP 170 can be distributed. For example, some modules of T-TRP 170 can be located at a location remote from a device that houses the antennas of T-TRP 170, and can be coupled to the device that houses the antennas through a communication link (not shown), sometimes referred to as front-haul, e.g., common public radio interface (CPRI). Thus, in some embodiments, the term “T-TRP 170” can also refer to modules that perform the processing operations of ED 110 position determination, resource allocation (scheduling), message generation and encoding / decoding, etc. on the network side, which are not necessarily part of the device that houses the antennas of T-TRP 170. These modules can also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, T-TRP 170 can actually be multiple T-TRPs that work together, e.g., through coordinated multipoint transmission, to serve ED 110.

[0058] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is shown in the figure. One, some or all of the antennas can also be panels. The transmitter 252 and receiver 254 can be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 also includes a processor 260 for performing various operations, including operations related to preparing transmissions for downlink transmissions to the ED 110, processing uplink transmissions received from the ED 110, preparing transmissions for backhaul transmissions to the NT-TRP 172, and processing transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 over the backhaul. The processing operations related to preparing transmissions for downlink or backhaul transmissions can include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. The processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over the backhaul can include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 can also perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating contents of a synchronization signal block (SSB), generating system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of a beam direction, e.g., a BAI, which can be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining a location of the ED 110, determining a location at which to deploy the NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 can generate signaling, e.g., for configuring one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is transmitted by the transmitter 252. It is noted that “signaling” as used herein can also be referred to as control signaling. Dynamic signaling can be transmitted in a control channel such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and static or semi-static higher layer signaling can be included in packets transmitted in a data channel such as a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0059] The scheduler 253 can be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 can be included within or operate separately from the T-TRP 170, which can schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring grant-free (“configured grant”) resources. The T-TRP 170 also includes memory 258 that stores information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 can store software

[0060] Although not shown, the processor 260 can form part of the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254. Further, although not shown in the figure, the processor 260 can implement the scheduler 253. Although not shown, the memory 258 can form part of the processor 260.

[0061] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 can each be implemented by one or more processors executing instructions stored in memory (e.g., the memory 258). Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 can be implemented using special-purpose circuitry, such as FPGA, GPU, or ASIC.

[0062] The NT-TRP 172 is shown by way of example only as a drone. The NT-TRP 172 can be implemented in any suitable non-ground-based form. Moreover, in some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 can go by other names, such as a non-ground node, non-ground network device, or non-ground base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is shown in the figure. One, some or all of the antennas can also be panels. The transmitter 272 and receiver 274 can be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 also includes a processor 276 for performing various operations, including operations related to preparing transmissions for downlink transmissions to the ED 110, processing uplink transmissions received from the ED 110, preparing transmissions for backhaul transmissions to the T-TRP 170, and processing transmissions received from the T-TRP 170 over the backhaul. Processing operations related to preparing transmissions for downlink or backhaul transmissions can include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in uplink or on the backhaul can include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming in accordance with beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 can generate signaling, e.g., to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing but not higher layer functions such as functions of medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layers. Since this is just one example, the NT-TRP 172 can generally implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.

[0063] The NT-TRP 172 also includes a memory 278 that stores information and data. Although not shown, the processor 276 can form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not shown, the memory 278 can form part of the processor 276.

[0064] The processor 276, and processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274, respectively, can be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are used to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 278). Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276, and processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274, can be implemented using specially designed FPGA, GPU, or ASIC circuits, among others. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 can actually be multiple NT-TRPs that work together, e.g., through coordinated multipoint transmission, to serve the ED 110.

[0065] The T-TRP 170, NT-TRP 172, and / or ED 110 can include other components, but these have been omitted for clarity.

[0066] For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present application, the following describes several terms used in the present application.

[0067] 1) Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) MIMO technology allows an antenna array composed of multiple antennas to perform signal transmission and reception to meet high transmission rate requirements. The above-mentioned ED 110 and T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP use MIMO to communicate through a wireless resource block. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitting device and / or receiving device to transmit wireless resource blocks through parallel wireless signals. MIMO can perform beamforming on parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of wireless resource blocks. MIMO can bind parallel wireless signals that transmit different data to improve the data rate of the wireless resource block.

[0068] In recent years, MIMO (massive MIMO) wireless communication systems with a large number of antennas configured for the above T-TRPs 170 and / or NT-TRPs 172 have attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. In a massive MIMO system, the T-TRPs 170 and / or NT-TRPs 172 are generally configured with more than ten antenna elements (e.g., 128 or 256) and serve tens of EDs 110. The large number of antenna elements of the T-TRPs 170 and NT-TRPs 172 can greatly improve the spatial degrees of freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and largely eliminate the interference between cells. The increase in the number of antennas makes each antenna element smaller and less costly. With the spatial degrees of freedom provided by the large number of antenna elements, the T-TRPs 170 and NT-TRPs 172 of each cell can simultaneously communicate with multiple EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resources, thereby greatly improving the spectral efficiency. The large number of antenna elements of the T-TRPs 170 and / or NT-TRPs 172 also makes each user have better uplink and downlink transmission spatial directivity, thereby reducing the transmission power of the T-TRPs 170 and / or NT-TRPs 172 and EDs 110, and greatly improving the power efficiency. When the number of antennas of the T-TRPs 170 and / or NT-TRPs 172 is large enough, the random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRPs 170 and / or NT-TRPs 172 can be close to orthogonal, and the influence of interference and noise between cells and users can be eliminated. The above-mentioned many advantages make massive MIMO have broad application prospects.

[0069] A MIMO system can include a receiving device connected to receive (Rx) antennas, a transmitting device connected to transmit (Tx) antennas, and a signal processor connected to the transmitting device and the receiving device. Each of the Rx antennas and the Tx antennas can include a plurality of antennas. For example, the Rx antennas can have a ULA antenna array in which a plurality of antennas are arranged in a straight line at uniform intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antennas, the Rx antennas can receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target. The receiving device can be an ED (i.e., the ED 110), and the transmitting device can be a T-TRP or an NT-TRP (i.e., the T-TRP 170 or the NT-TRP 172), or the receiving device can be a T-TRP or an NT-TRP (i.e., the T-TRP 170 or the NT-TRP 172), and the transmitting device can be an ED (i.e., the ED 110).

[0070] Reference Figure 4As illustrative examples but not limiting, a simplified schematic diagram of a communication scenario is provided. The transmitting apparatus is connected to four Tx antennas, i.e., x1 to x4, and the receiving apparatus is connected to four Rx antennas, i.e., y1 to y4, each Tx antenna can form a transmission channel with each Rx antenna. For example, an RF signal transmitted through x1 can be received by y2 through channel h21. An RF signal transmitted through x3 can be received by y1 through channel h13.

[0071] In the following, a base station is taken as an example of the T-TRP 170 or the NT-TRP 172, and a UE is taken as an example of the ED 110. For downlink transmission, the receiving apparatus can be referred to as the ED 110, and for uplink transmission, the receiving apparatus can be referred to as the T-TRP 170 or the NT-TRP 172. For downlink transmission, the transmitting apparatus can be referred to as the T-TRP 170 or the NT-TRP 172, and for uplink transmission, the transmitting apparatus can be referred to as the ED 110. However, this is not limited herein.

[0072] 2) Channel estimation In a MIMO system, to implement system synchronization, channel information feedback, and data transmission, channel estimation needs to be performed on an uplink channel or a downlink channel. Channel estimation refers to a process of reconstructing or recovering a received signal to compensate for signal distortion caused by channel fading and noise. In channel estimation, a reference signal predicted by the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus can be used to track changes in the channel time domain and / or frequency domain, so as to reconstruct or recover the received signal. The reference signal can also be referred to as a pilot signal, a reference sequence, etc., and is described as a reference signal in the following for ease of understanding. For example, the reference signal includes a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS), or a cell reference signal (CRS). The above listed reference signals are only examples and should not constitute any limitation on the present application. The present application does not exclude the possibility of defining other reference signals in future protocols to achieve the same or similar functions.

[0073] In one implementation, the transmitting device maps a reference signal sequence to a specific physical resource, and transmits the reference signal through the specific physical resource, wherein the reference signal sequence and the physical resource are known to both the transmitting device and a receiving device receiving the reference signal. Therefore, the receiving device can perform channel estimation according to the received reference signal.

[0074] The transmission process of the reference signal described below can be performed by a base station or a UE. The channel measurement process can be performed by a UE when the base station transmits the reference signal, or by a base station when the UE transmits the reference signal. In this application, the device transmitting the reference signal is referred to as a transmitting device, and the device measuring the channel according to the reference signal is referred to as a receiving device.

[0075] 3) Antenna port An antenna port, which can also be referred to simply as a port, is a transmitting antenna identified by a receiver, or a transmitting antenna that can be distinguished in space. For each virtual antenna, one antenna port can be configured, and each virtual antenna can be a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas. Each antenna port can correspond to one reference signal port.

[0076] 4) Quasi-co-location (QCL) If the large-scale properties (or channel characteristics) of the channel transmitting one symbol on one antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting one symbol on another antenna port, then the two antenna ports are said to be quasi-co-located.

[0077] The large-scale properties (or channel characteristics) can include one or more of the following: delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average delay, average gain, and spatial RX parameters. For example, the spatial RX parameters can include angle of arrival (AOA), average AOA, AOA spread, angle of departure (AOD), average AOD, AOD spread, RX antenna spatial correlation parameters, Tx antenna spatial correlation parameters, transmit beam, receive beam, resource identity, etc.

[0078] The above-mentioned angles can be different dimension decomposition values, or a combination of different dimension decomposition values. The above-mentioned two antenna ports can be antenna ports with different antenna port numbers, and / or antenna ports with the same antenna port number that transmit or receive information in different time domain and / or frequency domain and / or code domain resources, and / or antenna ports with different antenna port numbers that transmit or receive information in different time domain and / or frequency domain and / or code domain resources. For example, the resource identification can include a CSI-RS resource identification, an SRS resource identification, a synchronization signal / synchronization signal block resource identification, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) resource identification, or a resource identification of a preamble sequence transmitted on a physical random access channel (PRACH).

[0079] 5) Auxiliary information The auxiliary information indicates the relationship between different channels. Specifically, the receiving device receives a reference signal, and performs channel estimation according to the reference signal to obtain first channel coefficients corresponding to a first channel; the receiving device can obtain second channel coefficients corresponding to a second channel according to the first channel coefficients and the auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel. According to the above technical solution, the receiving device can obtain the second channel coefficients according to the first channel coefficients and the auxiliary information, so that the transmitting device does not need to transmit a reference signal corresponding to the second channel to obtain the second channel coefficients.

[0080] The channel coefficients represent one or more values of a channel matrix. For example, the receiving device performs channel estimation according to the reference signal, and determines a matrix of the first channel according to the channel estimation result, and the values of the matrix of the first channel can be referred to as the first channel coefficients.

[0081] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information can include: matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information.

[0082] As described above, the auxiliary information can be used for channel estimation. The present application provides a scheme for obtaining the auxiliary information. Specifically, it is divided into two stages, for the first stage, the communication device (for example, UE or base station) obtains the auxiliary information through training; for the second stage, the communication device configures the auxiliary information for channel estimation.

[0083] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0084] Reference Figure 5 Fig. 5 shows a schematic flowchart of a communication method 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication method 500 can be applied to Figure 1The communication system 100 shown is shown.

[0085] In S510, the first communication device performs channel estimation to obtain first channel information of the first channel and second channel information of the second channel.

[0086] The first communication device is a communication device (e.g., a base station or UE) or a chip in a communication device.

[0087] The first and second channels can be physical channels or precoded channels.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the first communication device receives a reference signal (reference signal #1) and performs channel estimation based on the reference signal #1 to obtain first channel information; the first communication device receives a reference signal (reference signal #2) and performs channel estimation based on the reference signal #2 to obtain second channel information.

[0089] In some embodiments, the first communication device performs channel estimation in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges to obtain first channel information and second channel information. For example, the first communication device receives a reference signal #1 in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges and performs channel estimation based on the reference signal #1 to obtain first channel information; the first communication device receives a reference signal #2 in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges and performs channel estimation based on the reference signal #2 to obtain second channel information.

[0090] A time range can be represented by one or more time-domain units. Time-domain units may include, but are not limited to, symbols such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, time slots, and transmission time intervals (TTI).

[0091] A frequency range can be represented by one or more frequency domain units. Frequency domain units may include, but are not limited to, subcarriers, subbands, resource blocks (RBs), resource block groups (RBGs), and bandwidth parts (BWPs).

[0092] Furthermore, the time range and / or frequency range may differ under different circumstances. For example, in some cases, the first communication device performs channel estimation offline to obtain first channel information and second channel information; that is, the first communication device acquires training data (first channel information and second channel information), and then the communication device trains offline to obtain auxiliary information. The time range may include hundreds of TTIs and the entire frequency band used for transmitting reference signal #1 and reference signal #2. In other cases, the first communication device performs channel estimation online to obtain first channel information and second channel information; that is, the first communication device acquires training data (first channel information and second channel information), and then the communication device trains online to obtain auxiliary information. The time range may include several symbols and subcarriers or BWPs used for transmitting reference signal #1 and reference signal #2.

[0093] In S520, the first communication device obtains auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information, and the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0094] According to the above technical solution, the communication device (e.g., a first communication device) can acquire channel measurement results as training data, namely, first channel information and second channel information. Then, the communication device can acquire auxiliary information based on the training data (first channel information and second channel information). The auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel; therefore, the auxiliary information can be used for channel estimation. For example, the communication device can acquire the coefficients of one channel based on the coefficients of another channel and the auxiliary information.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first communication device acquires auxiliary information based on first channel information and second channel information through one or more of the following: artificial intelligence (AI), manifold, or subspace projection. For example, AI is used to acquire auxiliary information, wherein the first channel information and second channel information can be input into the AI ​​model, and the auxiliary information is the output of the AI ​​model. For example, the AI ​​model can be located in the first communication device.

[0096] Auxiliary information can be acquired offline and / or online. For example, the first communication device acquires initial auxiliary information offline based on first channel information and second channel information, and then the first communication device updates the initial auxiliary information online.

[0097] In some embodiments, method 500 further includes S530 or S540.

[0098] In one possible implementation, method 500 further includes S530, wherein S530 includes S531 and S532.

[0099] In step S531, the first communication device receives the first reference signal. Correspondingly, the second communication device transmits the first reference signal.

[0100] The second communication device mentioned below is a communication device (e.g., a base station or UE) or a chip in a communication device.

[0101] In S532, the first communication device performs channel estimation based on the first reference signal and auxiliary information.

[0102] According to the above technical solution, after acquiring auxiliary information, the first communication device can perform channel estimation based on the auxiliary information.

[0103] For example, the first communication device performs channel estimation based on the first reference signal to obtain a first channel coefficient corresponding to the first channel; the first communication device can obtain a second channel coefficient corresponding to the second channel based on the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information.

[0104] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information includes the pattern of a first reference signal, and the first communication device transmits the pattern of the first reference signal. Correspondingly, the second communication device receives the pattern of the first reference signal. The pattern of the reference signal is defined as a series of locations for transmitting the reference signal to perform channel estimation. The pattern of the reference signal can also be referred to as the resource location of the reference signal. Locations typically consist of indication information from one or more of the three dimensions of time, frequency, and space. However, not all conditions require the specification of indication information in all three dimensions.

[0105] According to the above technical solution, the second communication device can send the first reference signal according to the pattern of the first reference signal indicated by the first communication device.

[0106] In some implementations, the mode of the first reference signal indicates one or more locations of the first reference signal, including one or more frequency domain locations. In one possible implementation, the one or more frequency domain locations are associated with one or more transmit ports or code division multiplexing (CDM) groups.

[0107] For example, the location of the first reference signal includes one or more Tx and RE frequency domain location pairs. For instance, the location of the first reference signal includes two pairs: Tx antenna port #1 and RE#1, and Tx antenna port #2 and RE#2. That is, if the second communication device transmits the first reference signal using Tx antenna port #1, then the second communication device transmits the first reference signal on RE#1, and if the second communication device transmits the first reference signal using Tx antenna port #2, then the second communication device transmits the first reference signal on RE#2.

[0108] For example, the location of the first reference signal includes one or more RE frequency domain locations. In this example, regardless of which antenna port can be used to transmit the first reference signal, the first reference signal is transmitted on one or more REs.

[0109] For example, the location of the first reference signal includes one or more CDM group and RE frequency domain location pairs. For instance, the location of the first reference signal includes two pairs: CDM group #1 and RE#1, and CDM group #2 and RE#2. That is, if the second communication device transmits the first reference signal using CDM group #1, then the second communication device transmits the first reference signal on RE#1, and if the second communication device transmits the first reference signal using CDM group #2, then the second communication device transmits the first reference signal on RE#2.

[0110] In addition, in some embodiments, the first communication device obtains first channel matrix information or first channel state information (CSI) based on the channel estimation result, and the first communication device transmits the first channel matrix information or the first CSI.

[0111] Channel matrix information (e.g., first channel matrix information) or CSI (e.g., first CSI) is used to reconstruct (or construct) or precode the channel. For example, CSI may include one or more of the following: channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and layer indicator (LI). For example, channel matrix information may include one or more of the following: a channel matrix, and one or more channel parameters corresponding to the channel matrix.

[0112] The terms "first channel matrix information" and "first CSI" are used for distinction only and do not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. Similarly, the terms "second channel matrix information" and "second CSI" in the following description are also used for distinction only and do not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application, and will not be repeated below.

[0113] In another possible implementation, method 500 further includes S540, wherein S540 includes S541, S542 and S543.

[0114] In step S541, the first communication device transmits auxiliary information and a second reference signal. Correspondingly, the second communication device receives the second reference signal and the auxiliary information.

[0115] In S542, the second communication device performs channel estimation based on the second reference signal and auxiliary information.

[0116] In addition, the second communication device obtains the second channel matrix information or the second CSI based on the channel estimation results.

[0117] In step S543, the second communication device transmits the second channel matrix information or the second CSI. Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the second channel matrix information or the second CSI.

[0118] According to the above technical solution, after obtaining auxiliary information, the first communication device can send auxiliary information to the second communication device, and then the second communication device can perform channel estimation based on the auxiliary information.

[0119] Furthermore, in some embodiments, according to S543, if the first communication device receives the second channel matrix information, the first communication device determines the second CSI based on the second channel matrix information and auxiliary information.

[0120] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information includes the pattern of the second reference signal. According to the above technical solution, the second communication device can receive the second reference signal according to the pattern of the second reference signal indicated by the first communication device. This embodiment can refer to any relevant parts of the above applications; for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0121] The above description does not restrict whether the first communication device is a base station or a UE. The following explanation will be based on the example of whether the first communication device is a base station or a UE.

[0122] refer to Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a schematic interactive representation of a communication method 600 applicable to embodiments of this application. In method 600, the first communication device is a base station, i.e., the base station acquires auxiliary information, and method 600 can be used in uplink channel estimation scenarios.

[0123] Method 600 has two stages.

[0124] Phase 1: Obtaining auxiliary information.

[0125] Phase 2: Perform channel estimation based on auxiliary information.

[0126] Phase 1 and Phase 2 are described in detail below.

[0127] Phase 1 includes S610 and S620.

[0128] In S610, the base station determines the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0129] For example, the base station sends uplink broadband configuration information and reference signals for training; the UE sends reference signals based on the configuration information; the base station receives the reference signals; the base station determines the first channel information and the second channel information by estimating the first channel and the second channel based on the reference signals.

[0130] In some embodiments, the base station performs channel estimation in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges to obtain first channel information and second channel information.

[0131] The S610 can be referenced from the S510, but for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated on in this article.

[0132] In S620, the base station obtains auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0133] The auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first and second channels. This auxiliary information can be used for channel estimation.

[0134] In some embodiments, the base station obtains auxiliary information based on one or more of the following according to the first channel information and the second channel information: AI, manifold, or subspace projection.

[0135] In some embodiments, auxiliary information can be obtained offline and / or online.

[0136] The S620 can be referenced from the S520; for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated upon in this article.

[0137] In the case of multiple users (UEs), the base station can use each UE's own channel information to determine the auxiliary information for each UE; or the base station can use joint channel information to determine the auxiliary information for a group of UEs.

[0138] Phase 2 includes S630 to S650.

[0139] In S630, the base station sends an indication message.

[0140] Accordingly, the UE receives the indication information.

[0141] The indication information indicates the mode of the uplink reference signal (e.g., SRS and DMRS). For example, auxiliary information includes the mode of the uplink reference signal, so the base station transmits indication information indicating the mode of the uplink reference signal. In some embodiments, the mode of the uplink reference signal indicates one or more locations of the uplink reference signal, including one or more frequency domain locations. This embodiment can refer to the relevant parts of the above-described applications; for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0142] In S640, the UE sends an uplink reference signal.

[0143] Accordingly, the base station receives an uplink reference signal. For example, the uplink reference signal is an SRS or a DMRS.

[0144] In S640, the UE can transmit the uplink reference signal according to the pattern of the uplink reference signal received in S630.

[0145] In S650, the base station performs channel estimation based on uplink reference signals and auxiliary information.

[0146] For example, a base station can perform channel estimation based on an uplink reference signal and obtain the channel matrix of a first channel. The base station then obtains the channel matrix of the entire estimated channel (i.e., instantaneous uplink full channel information) based on the channel matrix of the first channel and auxiliary information, where, for example, the entire estimated channel includes a second channel. For example, the auxiliary information may include one or more of the following: a projection matrix U (i.e., the channel space basis matrix), a permutation matrix P, and a matrix θ, where θ = U• P, that is, θ is the matrix obtained by permuting (i.e., adding newlines) U. Furthermore, the channel matrix of the entire estimated channel can be obtained using the following formula: ,in, The channel matrix represents the entire estimated channel. This represents the channel sampling matrix (e.g., the matrix of the first channel), and the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation.

[0147] According to method 600, the base station can acquire channel measurement results as training data, namely first channel information and second channel information. Then, the base station can acquire auxiliary information based on the training data (first channel information and second channel information). Then, the base station can perform channel estimation based on the uplink reference signal and the auxiliary information.

[0148] refer to Figure 7 The diagram illustrates a schematic interactive representation of a communication method 700 applicable to another embodiment of this application. In method 700, the first communication device is a base station, and method 700 can be used in downlink channel estimation scenarios.

[0149] Method 700 has two stages.

[0150] Phase 1: Obtaining auxiliary information.

[0151] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information for channel estimation for the UE.

[0152] Phase 1 and Phase 2 are described in detail below.

[0153] Phase 1 includes S710 and S720.

[0154] In S710, the base station determines the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0155] In S720, the base station obtains auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0156] The S710-S720 series can be referenced from the S610-S620 series; for the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0157] Phase 2 includes S730 to S760.

[0158] In the S730, the base station sends auxiliary information.

[0159] Accordingly, the UE receives auxiliary information.

[0160] Ancillary information can be carried in various signaling types, such as control signaling. For example, ancillary information can be carried in any of the following: downlink control information (DCI), medium access control-control element (MAC CE), and radio resource control (RRC).

[0161] For example, auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: projection matrix U (i.e., channel space basis matrix), permutation matrix P, and matrix θ, where θ = U• P.

[0162] In S740, the base station sends downlink reference signals.

[0163] Accordingly, the UE receives a downlink reference signal. For example, the downlink reference signal is CSI-RS or DMRS.

[0164] In S750, the UE performs channel estimation based on downlink reference signals and auxiliary information.

[0165] For example, the UE obtains channel matrix information based on the channel estimation results. For instance, channel parameters can be obtained using the following formula. C (That is, channel matrix information): ,in, This represents the channel sampling matrix (e.g., the matrix for the first channel), with the superscript "-1" indicating a pseudo-inverse operation. The number of rows in the matrix. C It is r. C The number of columns is 1. θ The number of rows and columns is r. The number of columns is 1, matrix The number of rows is r.

[0166] In S760, the UE transmits channel matrix information.

[0167] Accordingly, the base station receives channel matrix information. The base station can reconstruct downlink channel information (e.g., instantaneous downlink full channel information) based on the channel matrix information and auxiliary information reported by the UE. For example, if the quartile range (QR) method is to be used, the base station can reconstruct the downlink channel information using the following auxiliary information: projection matrix U (i.e., channel space basis matrix).

[0168] Based on the CSI feedback configuration, the UE reports channel matrix information to the base station. CSI feedback can be designed in any of the following ways: explicit feedback and implicit feedback.

[0169] 1) For explicit channel feedback, there are two possible implementation methods.

[0170] In one possible implementation, the UE transmits channel matrix information for a specific location indicated by the base station. Specifically, the base station sends indication information to the UE, instructing the UE to report the channel matrix information for the specific location; the UE receives the indication information and, in response, transmits the channel matrix information for the specific location to the base station. For example, the specific location includes one or more Rx antenna ports and RE frequency location pairs.

[0171] refer to Figure 8 The diagram illustrates explicit channel feedback. For example, the base station instructs the UE to report channel matrix information for a specific location, which includes four Rx antenna ports and RE frequency domain location pairs, such as... Figure 8 The black box indicates this. For simplicity, (i, j) is used to indicate a pair of Rx antenna port and RE frequency domain locations, where i represents the Rx antenna port and j represents the RE location. The four Rx antenna port and RE location pairs are: (Rx antenna port #1, RE #5), (Rx antenna port #2, RE #4), (Rx antenna port #2, RE #3), (Rx antenna port #3, RE #2), and (Rx antenna port #5, RE #1). Therefore, the UE reports the channel matrix information for the specific location indicated by the base station. Figure 8 As shown in the image, the UE sends parameters, including: the parameters in the first row. h 1. In the second and third lines h 2. In the fourth line h 3, and in the fifth line h RxAnt ,like Figure 8 As shown in the black box.

[0172] In another possible implementation, the UE transmits channel matrix information of the location, which includes a set of Rx antenna ports or all Rx antenna ports in each Tx antenna port of the downlink reference signal.

[0173] refer toFigure 9 This illustrates another diagram of explicit channel feedback. (See diagram below.) Figure 9 As shown, the base station transmits downlink reference signals on Tx antenna ports #1, #2, #3, #4, and #5, and the UE receives the downlink reference signals. The UE can report channel matrix information of its location to the base station, where the location includes a set of Rx antenna ports or all Rx antenna ports. For simplicity, (i, z) is used to indicate Rx antenna ports and Tx antenna ports, where i represents an Rx antenna port and z represents a Tx antenna port. Figure 9 As shown, the UE reports channel matrix information for five locations, including: (Rx antenna port #1, Tx antenna port #1), (Rx antenna port #2, Tx antenna port #2), (Rx antenna port #3, Tx antenna port #3), (Rx antenna port #4, Tx antenna port #4), and (Rx antenna port #5, Tx antenna port #5).

[0174] According to method 700, the base station can acquire channel measurement results as training data, namely first channel information and second channel information. Then, the base station can acquire auxiliary information based on the training data (first channel information and second channel information). The base station can then send the auxiliary information to the UE for channel estimation. The UE sends channel matrix information based on the channel estimation results, and the base station can reconstruct downlink channel information (e.g., instantaneous DL full channel information) based on the channel matrix information reported by the UE.

[0175] refer to Figure 10 The diagram illustrates a schematic interactive diagram of a communication method 1000 applicable to another embodiment of this application. In method 1000, the first communication device is a base station, i.e., the base station acquires auxiliary information, and method 1000 can be used in downlink channel estimation scenarios.

[0176] Method 1000 has two stages.

[0177] Phase 1: Obtaining auxiliary information.

[0178] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information for channel estimation for the UE.

[0179] Phase 1 and Phase 2 are described in detail below.

[0180] Phase 1 includes S1010 and S1020.

[0181] In S1010, the base station determines the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0182] In S1020, the base station obtains auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0183] S1010-S1020 can be referenced from S610-S620, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0184] Phase 2 includes S1030 to S1060.

[0185] In S1030, the base station sends auxiliary information.

[0186] Accordingly, the UE receives auxiliary information.

[0187] Ancillary information can be carried in various signaling types, such as control signaling. For example, ancillary information can be carried in any of the following: DCI, MAC CE, and RRC.

[0188] For example, auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: projection matrix U (i.e., channel space basis matrix), permutation matrix P, and matrix θ, where θ = U• P.

[0189] In S1040, the base station sends downlink reference signals.

[0190] Accordingly, the UE receives a downlink reference signal. For example, the downlink reference signal is CSI-RS or DMRS.

[0191] In S1050, the UE performs channel estimation based on the downlink reference signal and auxiliary information.

[0192] For example, a base station can perform channel estimation based on a downlink reference signal and obtain the channel matrix of a first channel. The base station can also obtain the channel matrix of the entire estimated channel (i.e., instantaneous downlink full channel information) based on the channel matrix of the first channel and auxiliary information, where, for example, the entire estimated channel includes a second channel. For example, the auxiliary information may include one or more of the following: a projection matrix U (i.e., the channel space basis matrix), a permutation matrix P, and a matrix θ, where θ = U• P. Furthermore, the channel matrix of the entire estimated channel can be obtained using the following formula: ,in, The channel matrix represents the entire estimated channel. This represents the channel sampling matrix (e.g., the matrix of the first channel), and the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation.

[0193] In S1060, the UE sends a CSI.

[0194] Accordingly, the base station receives CSI.

[0195] For example, CSI can include one or more of the following: CQI, PMI, and LI.

[0196] According to method 1000, the base station can acquire channel measurement results as training data, namely first channel information and second channel information. Then, the base station can acquire auxiliary information based on the training data (first channel information and second channel information). The base station can then send the auxiliary information to the UE for channel estimation. The UE sends CSI based on the channel estimation results, and the base station can acquire downlink channel information based on the CSI reported by the UE.

[0197] refer to Figure 11 The diagram illustrates a schematic interaction of a communication method 1100 applicable to another embodiment of this application. In method 1100, the first communication device is a UE, i.e., the UE obtains auxiliary information, and method 1100 can be used in uplink channel estimation scenarios.

[0198] Method 1100 has two stages.

[0199] Phase 1: Obtaining auxiliary information.

[0200] Phase 2: Send auxiliary information to the base station to assist the base station in configuring auxiliary information for channel estimation.

[0201] Phase 1 and Phase 2 are described in detail below.

[0202] Phase 1 includes S1110 and S1120.

[0203] In S1110, the UE determines the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0204] For example, the base station sends a reference signal to the UE (e.g., the reference signal can be called a training reference signal), and the UE obtains a sufficient amount of channel measurement results (in the form of a high-dimensional tensor) as a training dataset. Specifically, the UE performs channel estimation based on the training reference signal and determines first channel information and second channel information.

[0205] In some embodiments, the UE performs channel estimation in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges to obtain first channel information and second channel information.

[0206] S1110 can be referenced from S510, but for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated on in this article.

[0207] In S1120, the UE obtains auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0208] The auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0209] In some embodiments, the UE obtains auxiliary information based on one or more of the following according to the first channel information and the second channel information: AI, manifold, or subspace projection.

[0210] In some embodiments, auxiliary information can be obtained offline and / or online.

[0211] The S1120 can be referenced from the S520, but for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated on further in this article.

[0212] Phase 2 includes S1130 to S1150.

[0213] In S1130, the UE sends auxiliary information.

[0214] Accordingly, the base station receives auxiliary information.

[0215] Ancillary information can be carried in various signaling types, such as control signaling. For example, ancillary information can be carried in any of the following: uplink control information (UCI), MAC CE, and RRC.

[0216] Auxiliary information is used for channel estimation. For example, auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: projection matrix U (i.e., channel space basis matrix), permutation matrix P, and matrix θ, where θ = U• P.

[0217] In S1140, the UE sends an uplink reference signal.

[0218] Accordingly, the base station receives an uplink reference signal. For example, the uplink reference signal is an SRS or a DMRS.

[0219] In S1150, the base station performs channel estimation based on the uplink reference signal and auxiliary information.

[0220] The S1150 can be referenced from the S650; for the sake of brevity, it will not be discussed further in this article.

[0221] According to method 1100, the UE can acquire channel measurement results as training data, namely first channel information and second channel information. Then, the UE can acquire auxiliary information based on the training data (first channel information and second channel information). Then, the UE can send the auxiliary information to the base station for channel estimation.

[0222] refer to Figure 12 The diagram illustrates a schematic interaction of a communication method 1200 applicable to another embodiment of this application. In method 1200, the first communication device is a UE, i.e., the UE obtains auxiliary information, and method 1200 can be used in downlink channel estimation scenarios.

[0223] Method 1200 has two stages.

[0224] Phase 1: Obtaining auxiliary information.

[0225] Phase 2: Perform channel estimation based on auxiliary information.

[0226] In S1210, the UE determines the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0227] In S1220, the UE obtains auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information.

[0228] S1210-S1220 can be referenced from S1110-S1120, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0229] Phase 2 includes S1230 to S1260.

[0230] In S1230, the UE sends an indication message.

[0231] Accordingly, the base station receives the instruction information.

[0232] The indication information indicates the mode of the downlink reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS and DMRS). For example, auxiliary information includes the mode of the downlink reference signal, so the UE sends indication information indicating the mode of the downlink reference signal. In some embodiments, the mode of the downlink reference signal indicates one or more locations of the downlink reference signal, including one or more frequency domain locations. This embodiment can refer to the relevant parts of the above-described applications; for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0233] In S1240, the base station sends downlink reference signals.

[0234] Accordingly, the UE receives a downlink reference signal. For example, the downlink reference signal is CSI-RS or DMRS.

[0235] In S1240, the base station can transmit the downlink reference signal according to the pattern of the downlink reference signal received in S1230.

[0236] In S1250, the UE performs channel estimation based on the downlink reference signal and auxiliary information.

[0237] In S1260, the UE sends a CSI.

[0238] Accordingly, the base station receives CSI.

[0239] S1250-S1260 can be referenced from S1050-S1060, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0240] According to method 1200, the UE can acquire channel measurement results as training data, namely first channel information and second channel information. Then, the UE can acquire auxiliary information based on the training data (first channel information and second channel information). Then, the UE can perform channel estimation based on the downlink reference signal and the auxiliary information.

[0241] In this application, "first channel estimation" is used for distinction only and does not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. Similarly, "second channel estimation" in this application is also used for distinction only and does not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0242] In this embodiment, "and / or" describes the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates an "OR" relationship between related objects. "At least one" refers to one or more. "At least one of A and B" is similar to "A and / or B" in describing the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, at least one of A and B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0243] The above combination Figures 5-12 The method according to embodiments of this application is described in detail below. Figures 13-14 The apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application is described in detail. It should be understood that the description of the apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, content not described in detail can be referred to the above method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0244] The above combination Figures 5-12 The communication method according to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. Figures 13-14 A transmitter and receiver according to embodiments of this application are described in detail.

[0245] refer to Figure 13 The diagram illustrates a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1300 includes a transceiver unit 1310 and a processing unit 1320. The transceiver unit 1310 can implement corresponding communication functions, and the processing unit 1310 is used to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 1310 can also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.

[0246] In some embodiments, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 1320 may read the instructions and / or data from the storage unit to enable the communication device to implement the method embodiments described above.

[0247] The communication device 1300 can be used to perform the actions performed by the first communication device in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device 1300 can be the first communication device or a component that can be configured in the first communication device. The transceiver unit 1310 is used to perform the receive / transmit related operations on the first communication device side in the above method embodiments. The processing unit 1320 is used to perform the processing related operations on the first communication device side in the above method embodiments.

[0248] Alternatively, the communication device 1300 can be used to perform the actions performed by the second communication device in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device 1300 can be the second communication device or a component that can be configured in the second communication device. The transceiver unit 1310 is used to perform the receive / transmit related operations on the second communication device side in the above method embodiments. The processing unit 1320 is used to perform the processing related operations on the second communication device side in the above method embodiments.

[0249] In one design, the communication device 1300 is used to perform the actions performed by the first communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0250] In one implementation, the processing unit 1320 is configured to perform a first channel estimation to obtain first channel information of the first channel and second channel information of the second channel; the processing unit 1320 is configured to obtain auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0251] The communication device 1300 can implement the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 The first communication device or Figures 6-10 Base stations in, or Figures 11-12 The steps or procedures performed by the UE in the communication device 1300. Figure 5 The first communication device or Figures 6-10 Base stations in, or Figures 11-12 The unit is the one that executes the method for the UE in the communication device 1300. Additionally, each unit in the communication device 1300 and the other operations and / or functions described above are used to implement... Figures 5-12 The corresponding process in the text.

[0252] In another design, the communication device 1300 is used to perform the actions performed by the second communication device in the above method embodiment.

[0253] The communication device 1300 can implement the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 The second communication device or Figures 6-10 UE in, or Figures 11-12 The steps or processes performed by the base station in the communication device 1300. Figure 5The second communication device or Figures 6-10 UE in, or Figures 11-12 The base station in the communication device 1300 is a unit that executes the method. Furthermore, each unit in the communication device 1300 and the other operations and / or functions described above are used to implement... Figures 5-12 The corresponding process in the text.

[0254] The specific processes by which each unit performs the corresponding steps described above are detailed in the above method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, these will not be repeated here.

[0255] refer to Figure 14 The diagram illustrates a schematic block diagram of another communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1400 includes a processor 1410. The processor 1410 is coupled to a memory 1420. The memory 1420 is used to store computer programs or instructions and / or data. The processor 1410 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 1420, thus performing the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0256] In some embodiments, the communication device 1400 includes one or more processors 1410.

[0257] In one example, such as Figure 14 As shown, the communication device 1400 may also include a memory 1420.

[0258] In some embodiments, the communication device 1400 may include one or more memories 1420.

[0259] In one example, memory 1420 may be integrated with processor 1410 or set up separately from processor 1410.

[0260] In one example, such as Figure 14 As shown, the communication device 1400 may further include a transceiver 1430, wherein the transceiver 1430 is used to receive and / or transmit signals. For example, the processor 1410 may be used to control the transceiver 1430 to receive and / or transmit signals.

[0261] In one embodiment, the communication device 1400 is used to perform the operations performed by the first communication device in the above method embodiment.

[0262] For example, processor 1410 can be used to perform processing-related operations performed by the first communication device in the above method embodiments, and transceiver 1430 can be used to perform receiving / transmitting-related operations performed by the first communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0263] In another embodiment, the communication device 1400 is used to perform the operations performed by the second communication device in the above method embodiment.

[0264] For example, processor 1410 can be used to perform processing-related operations performed by the second communication device in the above method embodiments, and transceiver 1430 can be used to perform receiving / transmitting-related operations performed by the second communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0265] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for implementing the method executed by the first communication device or the method executed by the second communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0266] For example, when a computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the method executed by the first communication device or the method executed by the second communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0267] This application also provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer implements the method executed by the first communication device or the method executed by the second communication device in the above method embodiments.

[0268] This application also provides a communication system. The communication system includes the first communication device and the second communication device described in the above embodiments.

[0269] The explanation and beneficial effects of any of the communication devices provided above can be found in the corresponding method embodiments provided above. Further details are omitted here.

[0270] The processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU). The processor can also be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or another programmable logic device, discrete gate, transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor can be any conventional processor.

[0271] The memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, and may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM can include a variety of forms, such as the following: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous interconnected dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM).

[0272] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, another programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0273] It should also be noted that the memory described in this specification is intended to include, but is not limited to, these memories and any other suitable types of memory.

[0274] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and methods of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this specification can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but it should not be considered that the implementation methods exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0275] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the detailed operation of the above-described apparatus and units can be found in the corresponding processes of the above method embodiments. Further elaboration is not required here.

[0276] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the described apparatus embodiments are merely examples. For example, dividing into units is only a logical functional division and may be other divisions in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be merged or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or described may be implemented through some interface. Indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical or other forms.

[0277] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to implement the solution provided in this application, depending on actual needs.

[0278] In addition, the functional units in the embodiments of this application can be integrated into one unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0279] All or part of the above embodiments can be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When an embodiment is implemented using software, all or part of the embodiment can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of them generate a process or function according to the embodiments of this application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable device. For example, a computer can be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transferred from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, radio, and microwave, etc.) means. A computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device integrating one or more available media, such as a server or data center. Available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), semiconductor media (e.g., SSDs), etc. For example, the available media can include, but are not limited to, any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0280] The above description is merely some specific implementations of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any variations or substitutions that are readily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application are within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims and the specification.

[0281] Methods and apparatus for pairing multiple users in a massive MIMO system This application relates to wireless communication in wireless networks.

[0282] Abbreviation Definition

[0283] MIMO and MU-MIMO MIMO systems are widely used in modern wireless systems to improve system capacity and bandwidth efficiency by utilizing the spatial diversity between antenna ports. For example, on a given subcarrier or RE, by One Tx antenna port and A transceiver consisting of Rx antenna ports × MIMO channel, denoted as × Complex matrix . × MIMO channels can be decomposed using SVD: ,in, yes × Square orthogonal matrix (such that) ), yes × Square orthogonal matrix (such that) ), yes × A rectangular diagonal matrix. The rank does not exceed and The smaller one between them, i.e. According to SVD, if the transmitter applies a precoding matrix... The receiver uses a receiver matrix. ,but × MIMO channels will become Several independent and parallel (orthogonal) sub-channels are shown below:

[0284] Each subchannel has a scaled channel response ( ),Right now The i-th diagonal element (singular value, Accordingly, the first i The SNR on each subchannel is defined as In wireless systems, only subchannels with an SNR higher than a threshold are considered valid subchannels for transmission. The remaining (or surviving) valid subchannels are called MIMO streams.

[0285] This SNR-based truncation scheme converts standard SVD into rank-reduced SVD by discarding sub-channels with SNR below one or more thresholds: (Reduced SVD), where, yes × Orthogonal matrix ( ), yes × Orthogonal matrix ( ), yes × A square diagonal matrix. MIMO stream count is When the transmitter applies a precoding matrix The corresponding receiver uses a reception matrix. hour, × The MIMO channel will become:

[0286] at this time, yes × Diagonal matrix.

[0287] Mathematically speaking, the precoding matrix at the transmitter and the receiving matrix at the receiver Through MIMO channel A linear transformation is applied to these remaining sub-channels to coordinate the entire MIMO channel. Its MIMO gain or spatial diversity gain is calculated using the synthesized SNR. This is attributed to the inherent spatial diversity of the MIMO channel between the transmitter and receiver, which is dependent on the wireless environment. Empirically, wireless channels in complex environments such as city centers tend to have a higher MIMO stream number than in simpler environments because tall buildings provide more spatial diversity through greater reflectivity.

[0288] To achieve higher MIMO gain, wireless systems increase the number of antenna ports, i.e. and This will increase the upper limit of the number of MIMO streams, because However, in reality, Compared to its upper limit Much smaller. In this context, MU-MIMO is proposed: more than one MIMO channel will be controlled by a common precoder. Multiplexing. Assume two MIMO channels on the same RE. and If they are very different, it is likely that a common precoder can be found to reuse the two channels; however, assuming two MIMO channels on the same RE... and If they are nearly identical, it is unlikely that a common precoder can be found to reuse the two channels.

[0289] From a mathematical perspective, this common precoder With pre-encoder and Related. Through The two precoders are concatenated into one, where, yes × Matrix. Their common precoder is ,in, yes × Matrix. If and If they are orthogonal, then Approaching the identity matrix, This means that the transmitter can continue to use the UE-1 precoder matrix. and UE-2 precoder matrix This allows for simultaneous reuse on this RE without MAI occurring. If and If they are the same, then Approaching a singular matrix (non-invertible), therefore no common precoder is available. These two UEs cannot be paired together. Most real-world scenarios fall into these two extreme examples. It is neither an identity matrix nor a singular matrix. The transmitter must compute a common precoder for all possible combinations and then find the optimal common precoder. However, this is an NP-hard problem. Suppose a transmitter has 200 candidate receivers. Theoretically, this transmitter must compute a common precoder for different receiver combinations. Different common precoder An exhaustive search is performed during the computation. Furthermore, to increase... To approach the level of an identity matrix and pair more receivers, we typically make This prompts wireless systems to use more antenna ports between the transmitter and receiver, or more accurately, a higher MIMO antenna port ratio. ).

[0290] After calculating the common precoder The transmitter then multiplies the signal it sends by the common precoder.

[0291] MU-MIMO Engineering Trade-offs In wireless systems, MU-MIMO is typically used in deep learning systems where the BS is the transmitter and the UE is the receiver. Multiple UEs' MIMO channels communicate through a common precoder. Pair them up to reuse them on the same RE (frequency) and the same time duration (timing).

[0292] To achieve high throughput and system efficiency, modern MU-MIMO systems have a large number of antenna ports over a wide bandwidth. For example, in a (6G) T-MIMO system, the BS is expected to have 1024 antenna ports, while the UE has 32 antenna ports over a 500 MHz bandwidth. The UE's MIMO channel becomes a three-dimensional tensor ( × × ).

[0293] Major trade-off 1: DL / UL channel reciprocity assumption Although MU-MIMO pairing is implemented on the DL channel between a BS and multiple UEs, it is impractical for each associated UE to report or feedback its DL channel estimate to the BS because this would result in significant UL feedback overhead due to the large dimensionality of T-MIMO channels. In TDD systems, it is assumed that the DL channel between a BS and a UE can approximate the UL channel between the BS and the UE. In 4G and 5G-NR systems, the SRS UL channel is designated for UL channel measurement or estimation for this purpose. The SRS UL channel is shared by multiple UEs. These UEs transmit their own SRS reference signals at the SRS pilot position, allowing the BS to estimate their UL MIMO channels individually. In 5G-NR, sharing is achieved by coding and multiplexing the modulated signals.

[0294] Major trade-off 2: Random or quasi-random MU pairing implementation As mentioned earlier, MU pairing is an NP-hard problem. Theoretically, the optimal pairing is the result of an exhaustive search (computation) of all possible combinations of candidate UEs (from 2 to all). However, this involves matrices... The computation of the pseudo-inverse is too long for real-time signal processing over one or several TTIs. In particular, when... When there are hundreds or even thousands of UEs paired, the matrix The pseudo-inverse may be computationally prohibited for most hardware implementations within a few TTIs. Due to complexity and latency constraints, exhaustive computation to search for the optimal pairing is rarely possible in practical implementations. Instead, a given number of paired UEs are randomly or quasi-randomly selected from a large candidate pool, and the process is first performed... Then, the common precoder matrix is ​​calculated. Empirically, the location of candidate UEs can be considered during selection. For example, empirical selection algorithms might favor paired UEs that are geographically distant from each other, as these UEs are more likely to have orthogonal MIMO channels. The number of paired UEs, for instance, is simply determined based on experience or hardware limitations.

[0295] Strictly speaking, the trade-off does not achieve pairing, but only leads to reversibility. Calculate the precoder matrix .

[0296] Auxiliary information for LTE and 5G-NR RS 3GPP introduced the concept of Quasi-Colocation (QCL) in LTE and 5G-NR to assist UEs in channel estimation, frequency offset error estimation, and synchronization processes. For example, if the UE knows that the radio channel corresponding to two different antenna ports is QCL in terms of Doppler shift, the UE can determine the Doppler shift of one antenna port and then apply the result to both antenna ports for channel estimation. This avoids the UE calculating the Doppler shift of each antenna port separately.

[0297] Antenna ports can be used for the transmission of physical channels or signals. Antenna ports can be defined such that the channel transmitting one symbol on an antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting another symbol on the same antenna port. Different antenna ports can correspond to different reference signals, which can be used for channel estimation and processing of physical channels transmitted on the same antenna port. Antenna ports corresponding to different reference signals can be located in the same location or in different locations. Due to differences in location, distance from the UE, signal path, etc., each channel of a signal from an antenna port at a different location can have substantially different scale properties. However, if the distance between antenna ports at different locations is not large, the ports may still have similar scale properties. It can be assumed that these antenna ports have the same scale properties. They are called quasi-co-located. Two antenna ports can be quasi-co-located if the scale properties of the channel transmitting one symbol on one antenna port can be inferred from the scale properties of the channel transmitting one symbol on another antenna port.

[0298] 5G NR supports multi-antenna transmission, beamforming, and simultaneous transmission from multiple geographically separated sites (CoMP). In this context, the channels associated with different antenna ports of the UE may even differ in terms of radio channel attributes, and QCL antenna ports may be geographically separated. Therefore, QCL information is actually an auxiliary information for channel estimation, which utilizes the commonalities in channel attributes among different antenna ports.

[0299] Non-uniform pilot placement pattern Both the 5G-NR SRS UL channel and CSI-RS DL channel employ a uniform pilot placement pattern, partly because it is one of the safest methods to ensure channel estimation performance, especially when there is little prior knowledge about the current channel, and partly because they are easy to describe, normalize, and align (configurate) across transceivers. However, uniform pilot placement is one of the least efficient patterns. Its density must be designed for statistically worst-case scenarios, which is rare in practice. In other words, in most real-world situations, the uniform pilot placement pattern specified in the 5G-NR standard may also be over-designed.

[0300] In 5G-NR, the average density of its uniform pilot placement pattern is approximately 7% to 17% of its radio resources used for pilots or reference signals. For example, each RB (consisting of 12 REs) has one reference signal, resulting in a pilot overhead of 8.33% (approximately 1 / 12). If the same uniform density were used in TMIMO, the overhead would be too large to handle. At the very least, these UEs at the edge would not be able to report large CSIs.

[0301] Theoretically, a non-uniform pilot placement pattern based on prior knowledge of the channel distribution would use less pilot overhead. First, how is this prior knowledge represented and discovered? It is proposed that prior knowledge about the high-dimensional signal space (MIMO channels can be considered as high-dimensional signal spaces) can be obtained using orthogonal bases. × (make) )express. It is the total dimension after vectorization. For example, × × The total dimension of the MIMO channel is . It is related to the complexity of prior knowledge. In mathematics, This refers to the number of principal components of prior knowledge. A data learning method is proposed to generate prior knowledge. (Foundation) It is calculated from a large number of data samples collected or sampled within the region. Furthermore, an application of this data learning method to the MIMO scenario is proposed, where... It represents the common spatial prior knowledge of MIMO channels within the region of interest. One of the columns is a base, meaning that... Any two columns are completely orthogonal to each other. In IPR, we use columns as a basis; it can be easily applied to basis matrices of row basis; simply put, .

[0302] According to the representation of the public space base ( Prior knowledge of ) can be obtained through The principal component QRD is used to calculate the near-optimal non-uniform pilot placement mode: . The strongest principal components (in a typical principal QRD, principal components are ordered according to their importance or contribution) will indicate the most important or most contributing positions to place reference signals (or pilots) for reconstruction purposes.

[0303] One or more non-uniform pilot placement patterns indicated by the principal element in the diagram will minimize the overhead of the pilot or reference signal, but still minimize the MSE of the reconstruction (or decoder, decompression).

[0304] Wireless channel properties that may be common across antenna ports include Doppler spread / frequency shift, average delay, delay spread, average gain, and spatial receiver parameters. These properties are referred to as "mass-scale properties." A brief definition of each property is given below. • Doppler Shift: Doppler shift is the frequency shift of a radio signal relative to the movement of the receiver. For example, if a gNB transmits a radio signal at frequency "X", but the receiver (UE) is moving away from the gNB, the same radio signal will have a frequency of "Y" when it reaches the UE due to the distance. This phenomenon is called Doppler shift. A real-life example is the sound emitted when a high-speed train approaches and quickly moves away from a person standing on a platform; this is called the Doppler shift of sound waves.

[0305] • Doppler spread: Doppler spread, also known as fading rate, is the difference between the signal frequency at Tx and Rx relative to time. For example, the rate at which the sound of a train changes over time is called Doppler spread.

[0306] • Average delay: When a signal is transmitted from multiple antennas, it is reflected through multiple paths by surrounding clutter before reaching the receiver. In a multipath scenario, the average time required for the receiver to receive all multipath components is called the average delay.

[0307] • Delay spread: The difference between the arrival time of the earliest effective multipath component (i.e., usually the line of sight (LOS) component) and the arrival time of the last multipath component is called delay spread.

[0308] • Spatial receiver parameters: Spatial receiver parameters refer to the beamforming properties of downlink received signals, such as the UE's main angle of arrival and average angle of arrival.

[0309] • The table below mentions 5G NR QCL types.

[0310]

[0311] Large-scale channel properties can include one or more of the following: average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. Average delay can include first-order statistics of the channel's time properties. Delay spread can include second-order statistics of the channel's time properties. Doppler shift can include first-order statistics of the channel's frequency properties. Doppler spread can include second-order statistics of the channel's frequency properties. Average gain can include first-order statistics of the channel's amplitude properties. Large-scale properties estimated at the antenna port of the reference signal can be used to parameterize the channel estimator and compensate for possible time and frequency errors when deriving channel state information (CSI) feedback or performing demodulation.

[0312] Problems and Objectives Auxiliary information for LTE and 5G-NR RS, e.g., QCL The main drawback is that it only utilizes the commonalities of different antenna ports, without taking advantage of the correlations between them, which can help improve the accuracy of channel estimation based on a reference signal.

[0313] The focus of this invention is on how to obtain auxiliary information for channel estimation from prior knowledge of the channel state of the target environment. This means that the system needs to design a process to obtain auxiliary information, such as the channel space basis (U) of the target environment or a similar channel state-related representation.

[0314] Overview A new process for acquiring channel estimation auxiliary information for DL ​​RS and / or UL RS could be... • Two phases: The first phase is online / offline training to obtain auxiliary information from the gNB or UE side; the second phase is applying the auxiliary information to estimate the channel coefficients. • For the first phase • gNB sends UL broadband configuration, and even RS, for training. • The UE sends UL broadband, and even RS, to the gNB. • The gNB receives and collects RS-based channel information and calculates auxiliary information for channel estimation. This auxiliary information may be… • Information based on matrices / vectors / tensors / manifolds • For the second phase • The gNB configures auxiliary information for channel estimation to the UE. • Auxiliary information used for channel estimation can be configured by RRC and indicated to the UE by MAC-CE / DCI, and can be updated synchronously or asynchronously with the associated reference signal. A new process for acquiring channel estimation auxiliary information for DL ​​RS and / or UL RS could be... • For the first phase • gNB sends DL wideband configuration, and even RS, for training. • gNB sends DL broadband, and even RS, to UE • The UE receives and collects channel information based on RS, and calculates auxiliary information for channel estimation. This auxiliary information may be… • Information based on matrices / vectors / tensors / manifolds • The UE sends auxiliary information to the gNB side. • For the second phase • The gNB configures auxiliary information for channel estimation to the UE. • Auxiliary information used for channel estimation can be configured by RRC and indicated to the UE by MAC-CE / DCI, and can be updated synchronously or asynchronously with the associated reference signal. This invention can be used to solve the channel estimation problem in T-MIMO systems with a large number of transmit and receive antenna ports and a large bandwidth. The same method can also be applied to ordinary MIMO systems (e.g., 5G MIMO systems) and even single-antenna systems.

[0315] Through this invention, the system will exhibit the following characteristics: Auxiliary information is needed for channel estimation, which is obtained from prior knowledge of the channel state of the target environment.

[0316] Based on the auxiliary information proposed in this approach, the accuracy of channel estimation will be improved. The auxiliary information used for channel estimation cloud also enables one or more pilot patterns that are sparser than one or more traditional pilot patterns (5G NR pilot design), and can be non-uniformly distributed along time-frequency-spatial resources.

[0317] Example 1. Example 1 1.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments In this embodiment, we consider a scenario where the gNB acquires auxiliary information and configures the RS. The following process illustrates the air interface interaction for UL pilot detection (e.g., SRS, UL DMRS). In this embodiment, we will use SRS as an example. This process has two main stages.

[0318] Phase 1: Online / offline training to obtain auxiliary information.

[0319] 1) At this stage, the gNB side collects a sufficient amount of channel measurement results (in the form of high-dimensional tensors) as a training dataset.

[0320] a. For data acquisition, we can define different time and frequency windows for different training stages. For example, the window for offline training can be hundreds of TTIs and the entire transmission band, while the window for online training can be a few symbols and subcarriers or BWPs.

[0321] b. The channel being measured can be a purely physical channel or a precoded channel.

[0322] 2) Then, gNB trains auxiliary information based on the training dataset and configures the auxiliary information.

[0323] a. The training process can be carried out in an offline / online phase, or in both offline and online phases simultaneously.

[0324] i. One possible approach to joint offline and online training is to apply offline training to obtain initial auxiliary information and apply online training to update the auxiliary information.

[0325] b. The training method can be an AI method, a manifold method, a subspace projection or other methods, and there are no restrictions here.

[0326] c. For the MU case: i.gNB can use each UE's own channel information to train auxiliary information for each UE.

[0327] ii.gNB can utilize joint channel information to train auxiliary information for a group of UEs.

[0328] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information to UE to perform channel estimation 1) gNB indicates auxiliary information to UE.

[0329] a. If the auxiliary information is in RS mode, the indicated RS mode can be as follows: i.RS location contains multiple Tx and RE frequency location pairs.

[0330] ii. The RS location contains multiple RE frequency locations, which means that all Tx ports on these frequency locations should be transmitted.

[0331] iii. The RS location contains multiple CDM groups and RE frequency location pairs.

[0332] 2) The UE sends a sparse SRS to the gNB according to the instruction information. 3) Based on the channel matrix information reported by the UE, the gNB reconstructs the instantaneous UL full channel information with the help of auxiliary information.

[0333] i. If the rotated QR method is applied, the gNB can reconstruct the full channel information using the following auxiliary information: the low-dimensional projection matrix θ and the projection matrix U.

[0334] Figure 15 The main process for Example 1 is shown.

[0335] 1.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments This embodiment describes the process of channel estimation using SRS in a UL scenario. Compared to the current pattern-regular and high-density SRS, the number of SRS pilots is greatly reduced to enable the application of auxiliary information. One possible drawback of this method is that the SRS pattern is irregular, which may result in high air interface indication costs.

[0336] 2. Example 2 2.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments Similar to Example 1, we also consider a scenario where the gNB acquires auxiliary information and configures the RS. However, this example considers DL pilot detection, which is preferred over CSI-RS. The following procedure shows CSI-RS channel estimation with explicit feedback. This procedure has two main stages, but the details are different.

[0337] Phase 1: Online / offline training to obtain auxiliary information.

[0338] 1) At this stage, the gNB side collects a sufficient amount of channel measurement results (in the form of high-dimensional tensors) as a training dataset.

[0339] b. For data acquisition, we can define different time and frequency windows for different training phases. For example, the window for offline training can be hundreds of TTIs and the entire transmission band, while the window for online training can be a few symbols and subcarriers or BWPs.

[0340] c. The channel being measured can be a purely physical channel or a precoded channel.

[0341] 2) Then, gNB trains auxiliary information based on the training dataset and configures the auxiliary information.

[0342] a. The training process can be carried out in an offline / online phase, or in both offline and online phases simultaneously.

[0343] i. One possible approach to joint offline and online training is to apply offline training to obtain initial auxiliary information and apply online training to update the auxiliary information.

[0344] b. The training method can be an AI method, a manifold method, a subspace projection or other methods, and there are no restrictions here.

[0345] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information to UE to perform channel estimation 1) The gNB sends auxiliary information to the UE via control signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE / DCI). Auxiliary information may include, but is not limited to, the following: a. If we apply the rotated QR method, we can indicate the low-dimensional projection θ of the UE. There are two methods for this indication: i. Directly indicate the low-dimensional projection matrix θ to the UE.

[0346] ii. Indicate the UE's projection matrix U and permutation matrix P, and the UE can calculate the low-dimensional projection matrix as: .

[0347] 2) gNB sends sparse CSI-RS to UE 3) The UE performs channel estimation based on CSI-RS and calculates channel parameter C.

[0348] a. If the rotating QR method is used, the channel parameters C can be obtained, such as... Figure 16 As shown, where θ is the low-dimensional projection matrix. It is the channel sampling matrix. Figure 16 This is a diagram of the channel parameters.

[0349] 4) Based on the CSI feedback configuration, the UE reports channel information to the gNB. There are two methods for CSI feedback: explicit feedback and implicit feedback, the differences of which are as follows: a. For explicit channel feedback, we have two options: i. Only channel matrix information (e.g., channel parameters in the i-th RE and j-th Rx ports) of the Rx and RE frequency position pairs indicated by gNB is expected to be fed back. Figure 17 This is a feedback diagram of the channel information indicating the RX and RE frequency position pairs.

[0350] ii. Feedback of channel matrix information for a set of Rx antennas or all Rx antennas on each CSI-RS transmission port. Figure 18 It is a feedback diagram of channel information for one or all RXs at the RE frequency location.

[0351] b. For implicit channel feedback, we also have two options: i. Only channel parameters (e.g., channel parameters in the i-th RE and j-th Rx ports) corresponding to the channel matrix information of the Rx and RE frequency position pairs indicated by gNB are expected to be fed back.

[0352] ii. Feedback of channel parameters corresponding to the channel matrix information of a set of Rx antennas or all Rx antennas on each CSI-RS transmission port.

[0353] 5) Based on the channel matrix information reported by the UE, the gNB reconstructs the instantaneous DL full channel information with the help of auxiliary information.

[0354] a. If the rotating QR method is applied, the gNB can reconstruct the full channel information using the following auxiliary information: the projection matrix U.

[0355] Figure 19 The main process for Example 2 is shown.

[0356] 2.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments This embodiment describes the process of channel estimation using CSI-RS and explicit CSI feedback. Compared to the current CSI-RS process, the cost of CSI pilots is significantly reduced. The UE feeds back a smaller channel information matrix instead of PMI, thereby reducing computational complexity and feedback cost.

[0357] 3. Example 3 3.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments In this embodiment, we also consider using CSI-RS for channel estimation. The difference is that we consider the UE performing the channel estimation. Therefore, the CSI feedback process remains unchanged. The entire channel estimation process is shown below.

[0358] Phase 1: Online / offline training to obtain auxiliary information.

[0359] 1) At this stage, the gNB side collects a sufficient amount of channel measurement results (in the form of high-dimensional tensors) as a training dataset.

[0360] a. For data acquisition, we can define different time and frequency windows for different training stages. For example, the window for offline training can be hundreds of TTIs and the entire transmission band, while the window for online training can be a few symbols and subcarriers or BWPs.

[0361] b. The channel being measured can be a purely physical channel or a precoded channel.

[0362] 2) Then, gNB trains auxiliary information based on the training dataset and configures the auxiliary information.

[0363] a. The training process can be carried out in an offline / online phase, or in both offline and online phases simultaneously.

[0364] i. One possible approach to joint offline and online training is to apply offline training to obtain initial auxiliary information and apply online training to update the auxiliary information.

[0365] b. The training method can be an AI method, a manifold method, a subspace projection or other methods, and there are no restrictions here.

[0366] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information to UE to perform channel estimation 1) The gNB sends auxiliary information to the UE via control signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE / DCI). Auxiliary information may include, but is not limited to, the following: a. If we apply the rotated QR method, we can indicate the following auxiliary information: i. Projection matrix U ii. Permutation matrix P iii. Low-dimensional projection θ 2) gNB sends sparse CSI-RS to UE 3) The UE reconstructs the instantaneous DL full-channel information with the help of auxiliary information based on CSI-RS.

[0367] a. If the rotating QR method is applied, then the instantaneous DL full channel, where, It is the channel sampling matrix obtained from CSI-RS, such as Figure 20 As shown in the image.

[0368] 4) Since the UE obtains the entire channel matrix, it can apply traditional CSI feedback, such as feedback PMI, CQI, RI and other parameters.

[0369] Figure 21 The main process for Example 3 is shown.

[0370] 3.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments This embodiment describes the process of channel estimation using CSI-RS on the UE side. Compared with previous embodiments, since the UE obtains the entire channel information, traditional CSI feedback can be applied, which is compatible with current NR standards.

[0371] 4. Example 4 4.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments Unlike previous embodiments, in this case, we consider the UE acquiring prior channel knowledge and feeding back auxiliary information to the gNB. Similarly, the training phase and the channel estimation phase constitute the entire process. The following procedure illustrates the air interface interaction for UL channel estimation.

[0372] Phase 1: Online / offline training to obtain auxiliary information.

[0373] 1) At this stage, the gNB sends a training RS to the UE, and the UE collects a sufficient amount of channel measurement results (in the form of a high-dimensional tensor) as a training dataset.

[0374] a. The training configurations for different UEs can be the same or UE-specific. For example: i. The training RS for each UE can be the same or different time or frequency RE and Tx ports.

[0375] ii. The training window for each UE can have different time and frequency lengths. iii. The training models for different UEs can be different, and they can be online, offline, or both.

[0376] 2) Then, the UE trains auxiliary information based on the training dataset. The auxiliary information may include UL reference signal modes, such as SRS and UL DMRS.

[0377] a. The training process can be conducted in offline / online phases.

[0378] b. The training method can be an AI method, a manifold method, a subspace projection or other methods, and there are no restrictions here.

[0379] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information to gNB to perform channel estimation 1) The UE sends auxiliary information to the gNB via control signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE / DCI). The auxiliary information is used for channel estimation of the Tx port in the time / frequency domain. The auxiliary information may be, but is not limited to, the following: a. If the rotation QR method is applied, the projection matrix U and the permutation matrix P should be indicated to gNB.

[0380] 2) The UE sends sparse reference signals, such as SRS and UL DMRS, to the gNB.

[0381] 3) Based on the channel matrix information obtained from the reference signal, the gNB reconstructs the instantaneous full-channel information with the help of auxiliary information reported by the UE.

[0382] a. If the rotation QR method is applied, the gNB can reconstruct the full channel information using the following auxiliary information: the projection matrix U and the permutation matrix P.

[0383] Figure 22 The main process for Example 4 is shown.

[0384] 4.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments This embodiment describes the process of channel estimation using UL RS. Unlike previous embodiments, we consider the UE (User Equipment) rather than the gNB (Garden Network Node) acquiring prior channel knowledge. Therefore, the UE can update auxiliary information itself, thereby reducing the computational complexity on the gNB side and saving UL resources used for training.

[0385] 5. Example 5 5.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments Unlike previous embodiments, in this case, we consider the UE acquiring prior channel knowledge and feeding back auxiliary information to the gNB. Similarly, the training phase and the channel estimation phase constitute the entire process. The following procedure illustrates the air interface interaction for DL ​​channel estimation.

[0386] Phase 1: Online / offline training to obtain auxiliary information.

[0387] 1) At this stage, the gNB sends a training RS to the UE, and the UE collects a sufficient amount of channel measurement results (in the form of a high-dimensional tensor) as a training dataset.

[0388] a. The training configurations for different UEs can be the same or UE-specific. For example: i. The training RS for each UE can be the same or different time or frequency RE and Tx ports.

[0389] ii. The training window for each UE can have different time and frequency lengths. iii. The training models for different UEs can be different, and they can be online, offline, or both.

[0390] 2) Then, the UE trains auxiliary information based on the training dataset. The auxiliary information may include DL reference signal patterns, such as CSI-RS and DMRS.

[0391] a. The training process can be conducted in offline / online phases.

[0392] b. The training method can be an AI method, a manifold method, a subspace projection or other methods, and there are no restrictions here.

[0393] Phase 2: Configure auxiliary information to gNB to perform channel estimation 1) The UE sends auxiliary information to the gNB via control signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE / DCI). The auxiliary information is used for channel estimation of the Tx port in the time / frequency domain. The auxiliary information may be, but is not limited to, the following: a. The DL RS mode can be in the following form: i.DL RS location contains multiple Tx and RE frequency location pairs.

[0394] ii.DL RS locations contain multiple RE frequency locations, which means that all Tx ports at these frequency locations should be transmitted.

[0395] iii. The DL RS location contains multiple CDM groups and RE frequency location pairs.

[0396] 2) gNB sends sparse reference signals to UE, such as CSI-RS and DMRS.

[0397] 3) The UE reconstructs the instantaneous DL full-channel information with the help of auxiliary information based on DL RS.

[0398] 4) Since the UE obtains the entire channel matrix, it can apply traditional CSI feedback, such as feedback PMI, CQI, RI and other parameters.

[0399] Figure 23 The main process for Example 5 is shown.

[0400] 5.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments This embodiment describes the process of channel estimation using DL RS. Unlike Embodiment 4, we consider the UE acquiring auxiliary information, and the UE performs the entire channel estimation. The advantage of this is that the UE does not need to send auxiliary information to the gNB, thereby reducing the cost of air interface indication.

[0401] The methods described herein are executed by a device or apparatus, for example, by a processor of a device or apparatus that executes instructions stored in memory. The instructions, when executed, cause the device or apparatus to perform these methods.

[0402] The options and embodiments described herein can be combined in different arrangements. Furthermore, although the invention has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, various modifications and combinations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the above description and drawings are to be considered merely as illustrations of some embodiments of the invention, and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents.

[0403] 6G system architecture 6G basic module structure One or more steps of the methods in the embodiments provided herein can be derived from... Figure 24 The corresponding unit or module is executed. Figure 24Units or modules in devices such as ED 110, T-TRP 170, or NT-TRP 172 are illustrated. For example, signals may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or transmitting module. Signals may be received by a receiving unit or receiving module. Signals may be processed by a processing unit or processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) module or a machine learning (ML) module. The corresponding units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices executing software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more of these units or modules may be integrated circuits, such as programmed FPGAs, GPUs, or ASICs. It should be understood that if these modules are implemented by a processor using software, these modules may be retrieved by the processor, in whole or in part, individually or collectively, for processing, in one or more instances, and these modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0404] Further details regarding ED 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these details are omitted herein.

[0405] A non-exhaustive list of possible units or possible configurable parameters or MIMO systems in some embodiments includes: Panel: Each element of an antenna group, antenna array, or antenna subarray can independently control its Tx or Rx beam.

[0406] Beam: A beam is formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received at least one antenna port, or it can be formed using other methods, such as adjusting relevant parameters of the antenna elements. A beam may include a Tx beam and / or an Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space after the signal is transmitted through the antenna. The receive beam indicates the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space of the wireless signal received from the antenna. Beam information may be a beam identifier, or an antenna port identifier, or a CSI-RS resource identifier, or an SSB resource identifier, or an SRS resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Perform a first channel estimation to obtain the first channel information of the first channel and the second channel information of the second channel; Auxiliary information is obtained based on the first channel information and the second channel information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Performing first channel estimation to obtain first channel information for the first channel and second channel information for the second channel includes: The first channel estimation is performed in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges to obtain the first channel information and the second channel information.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Obtaining auxiliary information based on the first channel information and the second channel information includes: The auxiliary information is obtained by one or more of the following methods based on the first channel information and the second channel information: artificial intelligence, manifold, or subspace projection.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the first reference signal; A second channel estimation is performed based on the first reference signal and the auxiliary information.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The auxiliary information includes the pattern of the first reference signal, and the method further includes: The mode in which the first reference signal is transmitted.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mode of the first reference signal indicates one or more locations of the first reference signal, the one or more locations including one or more frequency domain locations, wherein the one or more frequency domain locations are associated with one or more transmit ports or code division multiplexing groups.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send the auxiliary information and the second reference signal; Receive channel matrix information or channel state information, wherein the channel matrix information or the channel state information is determined by estimating the channel based on the auxiliary information and the second reference signal.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The channel state information is determined based on the channel matrix information and the auxiliary information.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The auxiliary information includes the pattern of the second reference signal.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: a first matrix, a second matrix, and a permutation matrix, wherein the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel space basis matrices, and the dimension of the first matrix is ​​greater than the dimension of the second matrix.

11. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Receive reference signal; A second channel estimation is performed based on the reference signal and auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information is determined based on first channel information of a first channel and second channel information of a second channel, the first channel information and the second channel information being determined by performing the first channel estimation, and wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first channel information and the second channel information are determined by performing the first channel estimation in different time ranges and / or different frequency ranges.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The auxiliary information is determined by using one or more of the following based on the first channel information and the second channel information: artificial intelligence, manifold, or subspace projection.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the auxiliary information.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that, The auxiliary information includes the pattern of the reference signal.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The mode of the reference signal indicates one or more locations of the reference signal, including frequency domain locations, wherein the frequency domain locations are associated with one or more transmit ports or code division multiplexing groups.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that, Performing a second channel estimation based on the reference signal and auxiliary information includes: The second channel estimation is performed based on the reference signal and the auxiliary information to obtain channel matrix information or channel state information; Send the channel matrix information or the channel state information.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that, The auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: a first matrix, a second matrix, and a permutation matrix, wherein the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel space basis matrices, and the dimension of the first matrix is ​​greater than the dimension of the second matrix.

19. An apparatus, characterized in that, The apparatus includes a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute one or more instructions stored in a memory to cause the apparatus to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 18.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that, The device includes the memory.

21. The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The device includes a communication interface for inputting and / or outputting information.

22. An apparatus, characterized in that, The apparatus includes functions or units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or for performing the method according to any one of claims 11 to 18.

23. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It includes one or more instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 18.

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