Intelligent optical path protection method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of optical path protection, and discloses an intelligent optical path protection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the detection of a main optical path and a standby optical path based on an optical path protection device, and enabling the optical path protection device to be disposed between a local side active device and a demultiplexer; and under the condition that the main light path is used as the light path, if the light power of the main light path is detected to be lower than a preset light power threshold value or the attenuation rate of the main light path is detected to be higher than a preset attenuation rate, triggering and executing light path switching operation based on the light path protection equipment, and sending corresponding light path switching operation information to the network management platform, enabling the network management platform to obtain the switched intelligent optical path state; and obtaining the position coordinates of the optical path protection equipment executing the optical path switching operation based on the positioning equipment, and sending the obtained position coordinates to the network management platform, so that the network management platform generates a protection record of the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and the position coordinates. And remote monitoring management and accurate position sensing of the light path are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical path protection, specifically to an intelligent optical path protection method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Power systems primarily utilize PON systems, with network topology formed by splitters connecting the OLT and ONU. In practical applications, optical cables are susceptible to damage from external environmental factors, and existing PON systems, especially the link between the splitter and ONU, lack effective protection mechanisms. When an optical cable is damaged, it can lead to service interruptions, affecting the stable operation of the power system.

[0003] With the rapid development of the digital economy, optical paths, as the neural network for information transmission, carry services covering multiple key areas. However, current technologies largely rely on local device indicator lights or manual inspections, lacking real-time data interaction with network management platforms and failing to remotely monitor optical power parameters. When optical path faults occur, they are often only passively discovered after service interruption, such as through user complaints, rather than through proactive alarms, resulting in difficulties in fault location and long processing cycles.

[0004] Chinese patent, publication number CN120165761A, publication date: June 17, 2025, discloses an intelligent optical path protection and monitoring system for power systems. However, this invention detects the main and backup optical paths solely based on changes in optical power thresholds to switch between optical paths, resulting in a rather crude and simplistic detection method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of lack of remote monitoring and difficulty in fault location in existing optical path protection technologies. It proposes an intelligent optical path protection method and system, which detects the optical power and attenuation rate of the main and backup optical paths based on optical path protection equipment, performs optical path switching when conditions are met, and obtains accurate position coordinates based on positioning equipment, thereby realizing remote monitoring and management and accurate position perception of the optical path.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent optical path protection method, comprising the following steps: The main and backup optical paths are detected based on the optical path protection device, which is configured between the active equipment at the central office and the splitter. The main and backup optical paths include the primary optical path and the backup optical path. When the optical path uses the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be lower than the preset optical power threshold, or if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be higher than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching. The optical path protection device is equipped with a positioning device. Based on the positioning device, the position coordinates of the optical path protection device performing the optical path switching operation are obtained, and the obtained position coordinates are sent to the network management platform. The network management platform generates a protection record for the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and the position coordinates.

[0007] Optionally, when the optical path uses the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is continuously detected to remain below a preset optical power threshold for 10 milliseconds, the optical path protection device triggers the execution of an optical path switching operation and sends the corresponding optical path switching operation information to the network management platform, so that the network management platform obtains the intelligent optical path status after the switching.

[0008] Optionally, the attenuation rate of the main optical path is detected by means of: The optical path protection device performs periodic sampling and detection on the main and backup optical paths to obtain optical power time-domain sampling data. The optical power time-domain sampling data is input into a time-delay neural network for preprocessing to obtain preprocessed optical power data; The preprocessed optical power data is decomposed into multiple layers using wavelet transform to obtain adaptive threshold processing results. The adaptive threshold processing result is fused and analyzed with historical optical power data to obtain optical power status judgment data; the attenuation rate of the main optical path is calculated based on the optical power status judgment data.

[0009] Optionally, the step of performing multi-level decomposition on the preprocessed optical power data using wavelet transform to obtain the adaptive threshold processing result specifically includes: The preprocessed optical power data is decomposed into four levels using discrete wavelet transform. The Daubechies wavelet basis function is selected as the transform kernel to separate different frequency components and obtain wavelet decomposition coefficients. The wavelet decomposition coefficients are divided into approximation coefficients and detail coefficients to obtain layered wavelet features; wherein, the approximation coefficients contain low-frequency information of optical power data, and the detail coefficients contain edge features and transient features; A structured input vector is constructed from the layered wavelet features, arranged according to frequency components and time positions, to generate a data format suitable for optical neural network processing, so as to obtain the feature input matrix. The optical neural network has a two-layer structure. The feature input matrix is ​​input into the first layer of the optical neural network, and the optical signal is phase-modulated by an adjustable phase modulator to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons. A nonlinear transformation is performed on the activation map of the first layer of neurons. The activation values ​​are truncated and amplified by utilizing the nonlinear response characteristics of the photonic crystal structure to obtain the input features of the second layer. The second layer input features are input into the second layer optical neural network, feature fusion is performed through an optical fiber coupler, the light intensity signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photodetector, and dynamic threshold calculation is performed based on an adaptive threshold algorithm to obtain the adaptive threshold processing result.

[0010] Optionally, the step of inputting the feature input matrix into the first layer of the optical neural network and performing phase modulation on the optical signal through an adjustable phase modulator to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons specifically includes: The feature input matrix is ​​subjected to electro-optic signal conversion, and the electrical signal is mapped to an optical domain representation through an electro-optic modulator array to obtain optical signal input data; The optical signal input data is imported into a photonic integrated waveguide structure, which consists of multiple parallel waveguide channels, each corresponding to an input feature component, to obtain a distributed optical signal. Phase modulation is applied to the distributed optical signal by applying a corresponding phase delay to each optical waveguide through a voltage-controlled silicon-based phase modulator to obtain a phase-modulated optical wave. The phase-modulated light wave is introduced into the interference structure, and the optical signals of different phases are combined using a directional coupler. The weighted summation operation is achieved through the interference effect to obtain the neuron input field. A nonlinear optical response is applied to the input field of the neuron, and a nonlinear activation characteristic is generated through stimulated Raman scattering to convert the input light field into the output light intensity in order to obtain the activation response value. The activation response values ​​are connected through an optical waveguide network, and a Y-type beam splitter is used to distribute the output of each neuron to the input of multiple neurons in the next layer, generating a neuron output pattern to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons.

[0011] Optionally, the positioning device is a BeiDou / GPS dual-mode positioning device, and the optical path protection device includes a first optical path protection device and a second optical path protection device.

[0012] Optionally, the method further includes: the first optical path protection device is configured between the central office active device and the first-level splitter, and the second optical path protection device is configured between the first-level splitter and the second-level splitter.

[0013] Optionally, the optical path protection device triggers an optical path switching operation through the following steps: Verify the availability of the optical path to be switched; Once the availability verification of the optical path to be switched is passed, the optical path to be switched will be activated. Once the optical path switching is successfully activated, disconnect the current optical path.

[0014] Optionally, the network management platform infers the optical path fault location based on the received optical path switching operation information and the location coordinates, and generates a protection record for the intelligent optical path; wherein, the optical path switching operation information includes switching trigger conditions, switching operation execution time, and primary / backup optical path optical power information.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent optical path protection system, comprising: an optical path detection module, an optical path switching module, and an optical path recording module; The optical path detection module is configured to detect the main and backup optical paths based on the optical path protection device, wherein the optical path protection device is configured between the active equipment at the central office and the splitter, and the main and backup optical paths include the primary optical path and the backup optical path. The optical path switching module is configured to, when the optical path is using the primary optical path, if it detects that the optical power of the primary optical path is lower than a preset optical power threshold, or detects that the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is higher than a preset attenuation rate, trigger an optical path switching operation based on the optical path protection device, and send the corresponding optical path switching operation information to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching. The optical path recording module is configured to, when the optical path protection device is equipped with a positioning device, obtain the position coordinates of the optical path protection device performing the optical path switching operation based on the positioning device, and send the obtained position coordinates to the network management platform, so that the network management platform generates the protection record of the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and the position coordinates.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: An intelligent optical path protection method is proposed. Based on the optical path protection device, it detects whether the optical power of the primary and backup optical paths is lower than a preset optical power threshold and whether the attenuation rate of the primary and backup optical paths is higher than a preset attenuation rate. If either condition is met, optical path switching is performed, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform. Simultaneously, based on the precise location coordinates obtained by the positioning device, the corresponding location coordinates are also sent to the network management platform. This achieves remote monitoring and management of the optical path and precise location awareness, improving the reliability and stability of the optical path and overcoming the problems of lack of remote monitoring and difficulty in fault location in existing optical path protection technologies.

[0017] Meanwhile, this invention combines a time-delay neural network with an optical neural network to process optical power data. The time-delay neural network preprocesses the time-domain sampled data of optical power, identifies the time-domain characteristics and trend changes in the sampled data, and has anti-interference capabilities against periodic interference and transient fluctuations in the primary and backup optical paths. The optical neural network includes a first-layer optical neural network and a second-layer optical neural network. Discrete wavelet transform is combined with the two-layer optical neural network to accurately process the frequency domain characteristics of optical power data. Efficient optical power data feature extraction and nonlinear processing are achieved through Daubechies wavelet decomposition and interference structures. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an intelligent optical path protection method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A topology diagram of an intelligent optical path multi-level protection device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart of an intelligent optical path protection method provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent optical path multi-level protection device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only one preferred embodiment of this invention and are only used to explain this invention. They do not limit the scope of protection of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] Power systems primarily utilize PON systems, with network topology formed by splitters connecting the OLT and ONU. In practical applications, optical cables are susceptible to damage from external environmental factors, and existing PON systems, especially the link between the splitter and ONU, lack effective protection mechanisms. When an optical cable is damaged, it can lead to service interruptions, affecting the stable operation of the power system.

[0022] With the rapid development of the digital economy, optical paths, as the neural network for information transmission, carry services covering multiple key areas. However, current technologies largely rely on local device indicator lights or manual inspections, lacking real-time data interaction with network management platforms and failing to remotely monitor optical power parameters. When optical path faults occur, they are often only passively discovered after service interruption, such as through user complaints, rather than through proactive alarms, resulting in difficulties in fault location and long processing cycles.

[0023] As one implementation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, an intelligent optical path protection method includes the following steps: S100. The main and backup optical paths are detected based on the optical path protection device, wherein the optical path protection device is configured between the active equipment at the central office and the splitter, and the main and backup optical paths include the primary optical path and the backup optical path.

[0024] Specifically, the active equipment at the central office can be an OLT (Optical Line Terminal), and the optical path protection equipment includes a first optical path protection device and a second optical path protection device. The first optical path protection device is installed between the OLT and the primary splitter in the PON network, and the second optical path protection device is installed between the primary splitter and the secondary splitter. Here, the active equipment at the central office is "the collection of all active equipment at the central office," with the OLT being the "core service node." Other active equipment at the central office either acts as "upper-layer aggregators" or "lower-layer extenders" of the OLT, or as "operational support providers," ultimately forming a collaborative system of active equipment at the central office centered on the OLT.

[0025] Among them, such as Figure 2As shown, the optical path protection device may include a main control unit, an optical switch unit, a network communication unit, a power management unit, and a positioning unit. The main control unit adopts a high-performance microcontroller and is responsible for executing the core control logic of the device. The optical switch unit includes an optical switch array, which is used to realize optical signal switching. The settings are: the optical power reference value is -10dBm, a yellow warning is triggered when the optical power is -15dBm, an orange warning is triggered when the optical power is -20dBm and the sampling frequency is increased, and a red warning is triggered when the optical power is -25dBm to perform optical path switching.

[0026] The network communication unit integrates a 5G wireless communication module, supports the TCP / IP protocol stack, and enables remote monitoring. The network communication unit employs a dual authentication mechanism to ensure the authenticity of both parties' identities and prevent phishing attacks: CHAP protocol username and password authentication prevents plaintext transmission; the X.509 standard digital certificate contains the device identification code and public key; and communication uses the AES-256 encryption algorithm, with a 256-bit key encrypting each data packet.

[0027] The power management unit provides dual power supply protection, including a mains power channel (220V AC to DC) and a backup battery channel, which achieves rapid switching within 5 milliseconds through a double-throw switch circuit to ensure stable operation of the equipment.

[0028] The setup steps for optical path protection devices can be as follows: S110. Establish a communication link. The optical path protection device sends an access request containing device identifier, certificate information and timestamp to the authentication server. After verifying the identity, the authentication server assigns an internal IP address and returns a status code: 200 (success), 403 (authentication failure) or 500 (server error). S120, access: The network management platform sends a JSON-formatted initialization command to the optical path protection device. This JSON command includes the operating mode (automatic / manual / debugging), optical power threshold (-10dBm normal / -15dBm yellow / -20dBm orange / -25dBm red), fault determination conditions, and switching trigger conditions. The optical path protection device parses the JSON initialization command, verifies its validity, and then organizes it into a set of configuration parameters.

[0029] S130 Self-test: The self-test includes hardware testing, software verification, optical module testing (optical switch response time 2ms, monitoring accuracy ±0.1dBm), communication testing, and power supply testing. The self-test result record includes the tested items, status codes (0 for normal / non-0 for abnormal), and parameter values, packaged and sent to the network management platform via a TLV structure. The optical path protection device initiates optical power detection with a 5-second cycle, forming a time series for trend analysis. The optical path switching operation trigger mechanism uses a state machine model. When the main optical path power is below -25dBm for more than 10 milliseconds, the state machine transitions to trigger the switching, simultaneously sending ready information including device identifier, status code, and timestamp.

[0030] S200. When the optical path is using the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be lower than the preset optical power threshold, or if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be higher than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching.

[0031] This embodiment can include two detection conditions. Detection condition: optical power below a preset optical power threshold can be used to detect sudden severe faults, ensuring a rapid response to already occurring severe faults. Detection condition: attenuation rate above a preset attenuation rate can be used to detect progressively worsening faults, capturing impending faults and enabling early switching to avoid optical path communication interruptions. This achieves dual coverage of "real-time defense + preventative defense," avoiding missed detections due to a single condition and realizing comprehensive and accurate optical path protection.

[0032] The S300 optical path protection device is equipped with a positioning device. Based on the positioning device, the location coordinates of the optical path protection device performing the optical path switching operation are obtained, and the obtained location coordinates are sent to the network management platform. The network management platform generates a protection record for the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and location coordinates.

[0033] Furthermore, after receiving optical path switching operation information and location coordinates, the network management platform performs multi-dimensional analysis, marks the device locations on an electronic map, and generates tiered alarms based on the severity of the fault. When multiple devices in a certain area simultaneously experience switching, the network management platform automatically escalates the alarm level and pushes notifications to relevant maintenance personnel. Through the correlation analysis of optical path switching operation information and location coordinates, the network management platform can more accurately infer the possible sections of optical cables where faults may occur, significantly shortening fault location time from the traditional hours to minutes. It also provides maintenance personnel with optimal inspection routes, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0034] This invention proposes an intelligent optical path protection method. Based on the detection by the optical path protection device, it checks whether the optical power of the primary and backup optical paths is lower than a preset optical power threshold and whether the attenuation rate of the primary and backup optical paths is higher than a preset attenuation rate. If either condition is met, optical path switching is performed, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform. Simultaneously, precise location coordinates are obtained based on a positioning device and also sent to the network management platform. This achieves remote monitoring and management of the optical path and precise location awareness, improving the reliability and stability of the optical path, reducing service interruption time, and overcoming the problems of lack of remote monitoring and difficulty in fault location in existing optical path protection technologies.

[0035] As one implementation method, in S210, when the backup optical path is used, if the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be not lower than the preset optical power threshold, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the status of the intelligent optical path after the switching.

[0036] The primary optical path is the default working path, carrying core data and real-time communication services. It has better performance indicators such as bandwidth and latency. The backup optical path is in a "standby" state under normal circumstances. Its performance indicators such as bandwidth and latency are inferior to those of the primary optical path. After the primary optical path is repaired, that is, under the condition that "the optical power of the primary optical path is not lower than the preset optical power threshold", the primary optical path has the priority of optical path use.

[0037] As one implementation method, in S220, when the backup optical path is used, if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be no higher than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the status of the intelligent optical path after the switching.

[0038] Similarly, after the fault in the primary optical path is repaired, that is, under the condition that "the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is not higher than the preset attenuation rate", the primary optical path has the priority of optical path use.

[0039] As one implementation method, in S230, when the backup optical path is used, if the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be no less than the preset optical power threshold, and the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is further detected to be no more than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device after both conditions are met, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform so that the network management platform can obtain the status of the intelligent optical path after the switching.

[0040] When an optical path switches back from a backup optical path to the primary optical path, the primary optical path must have returned to a stable and usable state. If a switchover is triggered only when a single or momentary optical power signal meeting the requirements is detected, or only when the attenuation rate meets the standard, the attenuation rate may suddenly increase after a brief period of meeting the standard. This could lead to a need to switch back to the backup optical path after switching back to the primary optical path, resulting in resource waste and communication instability. By using dual-detection technology to control the use of the primary optical path, network resource consumption is reduced, the robustness of the optical path is enhanced, and the efficiency and stability of optical path transmission are improved.

[0041] As one implementation method, in S211, when the optical path uses the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is continuously detected to remain below the preset optical power threshold for 10 milliseconds, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform obtains the intelligent optical path status after the switching.

[0042] Optical power may briefly fall below the threshold due to momentary external interference, but such momentary faults usually recover quickly and are not persistent faults that truly require switching. By adding a technical feature to maintain a continuous 10-millisecond limit, it can effectively filter out misjudgments caused by such momentary fluctuations, reduce frequent switching operations, and improve the communication continuity and stability of the intelligent optical path.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S221, when the optical path uses the backup optical path and the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be no less than the preset optical power threshold, and further when the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to remain no less than the preset optical power threshold for 10 milliseconds, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform obtains the intelligent optical path status after the switching.

[0044] Optical power may briefly exceed the threshold due to momentary external interference, resulting in a "false recovery" caused by momentary fluctuations. This does not mean that the main optical path has truly returned to stability. By adding a technical feature to maintain a continuous 10-millisecond limit, it can effectively filter out such misjudgments caused by momentary fluctuations, reduce frequent switching operations, and improve the communication continuity and stability of the intelligent optical path.

[0045] This application discloses not only the fault handling operation of switching to the backup optical path when the primary optical path fails, but also the primary recovery and switching back mechanism, which together form a complete closed loop of "fault switching → fault repair → automatic switching back".

[0046] As one implementation method, the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected by the following means: S222. Based on the optical path protection device, periodic sampling and detection of the main and backup optical paths are performed to obtain optical power time-domain sampling data. The optical power time-domain sampling data is then input into the time-delay neural network preprocessing module for preprocessing to obtain preprocessed optical power data. The preprocessing operation reduces noise in the optical power time-domain sampling data and improves the accuracy of subsequent processing.

[0047] Specifically, the optical power detection circuit in the optical path protection device performs periodic sampling measurements on the main and backup optical paths. This circuit consists of a photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter. The photodiode converts the optical signal into current, the transimpedance amplifier amplifies the current signal and converts it into a voltage signal, and the analog-to-digital converter quantizes the analog voltage into a digital signal. The sampling period is set to 5 milliseconds. Each sample records a timestamp and the corresponding optical power value, forming time-domain sampling data of the optical power, which is then expressed as a function P(t) of time.

[0048] Specifically, the optical power time-domain sampling data is segmented using a sliding window. The window length is set to 50 sampling points, and the sliding step size is 10 sampling points, meaning each window covers a time period of 250 milliseconds, with adjacent windows overlapping by 40 sampling points. This sliding window segmentation constructs a time-series input vector containing the current sample and previous samples, including the optical power values ​​at the current time and the previous 49 time points. This structure enables the network to utilize historical information to predict and process the current signal, obtaining time-series optical power data units.

[0049] S223. Input the optical power time-domain sampling data into the time-delay neural network for preprocessing to obtain preprocessed optical power data.

[0050] Specifically, the time-series optical power data unit is input into the input layer of the time-delay neural network. The input layer contains 50 neurons, corresponding to 50 time points within a window. Each input node receives the optical power value at different time points, resulting in the network input matrix X. A time-delay structure transformation is then performed on the network input matrix, using delay units to delay each element in the sequence by a fixed time step. Each delay unit essentially acts as a buffer, storing data from a past period. In this embodiment, 12 different delay units are set, with delay times of 5ms, 10ms, 15ms...60ms, creating multiple parallel time series. This allows the network to capture features at different time scales, resulting in the time-delay feature matrix D.

[0051] The time delay feature is multiplied by the weight matrix of the first hidden layer, and after adding the bias vector, it is nonlinearly transformed through the hyperbolic tangent activation function to obtain the hidden layer state. A fully connected operation is performed on the hidden layer state, multiplying all neuron outputs by the weight matrix of the second layer and adding the bias term. This is then processed through the activation function of the linear rectified unit to obtain the output layer representation. Based on the difference between the output layer representation and the ideal optical power mode, the stochastic gradient descent algorithm is used to perform parameter adjustment. The network weights are updated through error backpropagation, and noise suppression is performed on the optical power data to obtain preprocessed optical power data.

[0052] Specifically, the time delay feature matrix D is multiplied by the weight matrix W1 of the first hidden layer, and a bias vector b1 is added. Then, a nonlinear transformation is performed using the hyperbolic tangent activation function. The hyperbolic tangent function tanh(x) maps the input to the (-1,1) interval, enabling the network to learn nonlinear relationships. The calculation formula is H = tanh(D·W1 + b1), where H represents the hidden layer state. The hidden layer contains 25 neurons, each receiving a weighted sum of all input features. A fully connected operation is performed on the hidden layer state, multiplying all neuron outputs by the weight matrix W2 of the second layer and adding the bias vector b2. This is then processed using the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function. The ReLU function is defined as f(x) = max(0,x), which maps negative values ​​to 0 while keeping positive values ​​unchanged. It is computationally simple and has stable gradients. The calculation formula is O = ReLU(H·W2 + b2), yielding the output layer representation O.

[0053] Calculate the mean squared error between the output and target values, then use the backpropagation algorithm to calculate the gradients of the parameters at each layer, updating the weights and biases. The update formula is as follows: Where η is the learning rate. Let P' be the weight gradient. Through multiple iterations of training, the network parameters are gradually optimized to suppress noise in the optical power data, resulting in preprocessed optical power data, denoted as P'(t).

[0054] S224. Perform multi-level decomposition on the preprocessed optical power data through wavelet transform, that is, perform multi-level decomposition on the preprocessed optical power time-domain sampling data, and input the decomposition coefficients of the multi-level decomposition into a two-layer optical neural network to obtain the adaptive threshold processing result.

[0055] As one implementation method, the preprocessed optical power data is decomposed into four levels using discrete wavelet transform. The Daubechies wavelet basis function is selected as the transform kernel to separate different frequency components, yielding wavelet decomposition coefficients. These coefficients are then divided into approximation coefficients and detail coefficients. The approximation coefficients contain low-frequency information from the optical power data, while the detail coefficients contain edge and transient features, resulting in layered wavelet features. A structured input vector is constructed from these layered wavelet features, arranged according to frequency components and time position, generating a data format suitable for optical neural network processing, thus obtaining the feature input matrix.

[0056] Specifically, the Daubechies wavelet basis function has four filter coefficients, supporting short lengths, high computational efficiency, and good time-frequency localization characteristics. The signal is recursively decomposed using high-pass and low-pass filters to obtain approximate coefficients (low-frequency) and detail coefficients (high-frequency) for each layer. After four layers of decomposition, one set of approximate coefficients and four sets of detail coefficients are obtained, collectively referred to as wavelet decomposition coefficients. The wavelet decomposition coefficients are divided into approximate coefficients and detail coefficients. Approximate coefficients contain low-frequency information of the optical power data, representing the overall trend of the signal; detail coefficients contain edge and transient features, representing local changes in the signal. A structured input vector is constructed from these layered wavelet features, arranged according to frequency components and time positions, forming a data format suitable for optical neural network processing, resulting in the feature input matrix M. In matrix M, each row corresponds to a specific frequency band, and each column corresponds to a time position.

[0057] The feature input matrix is ​​input into the first layer of the optical neural network. The optical signal is phase-modulated by an adjustable phase modulator to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons. A nonlinear transformation is performed on the activation map of the first layer of neurons. The activation values ​​are truncated and amplified by utilizing the nonlinear response characteristics of the photonic crystal structure to obtain the second layer of input features. The second layer of input features is then fed into the second layer of the optical neural network. Feature fusion is performed through an optical fiber coupler. The light intensity signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photodetector. An adaptive thresholding algorithm is applied to perform dynamic thresholding to obtain the adaptive thresholding result.

[0058] Specifically, the feature input matrix M is fed into the first layer of the optical neural network for processing. The optical neural network is a novel architecture that utilizes optical elements to achieve neural computation, characterized by ultra-high parallelism and low power consumption. The first layer of the optical neural network modulates the phase of the optical signal using tunable phase modulators. Each phase modulator receives a voltage signal, changing the phase of the transmitted light to simulate different weights. The modulated optical signal undergoes interference, producing changes in light intensity and forming the first layer neuron activation map A1. A nonlinear transformation is performed on A1, utilizing the nonlinear response characteristics of the photonic crystal structure to threshold-truncate and amplify the activation values, obtaining the second layer input feature I2. The nonlinear response of the photonic crystal simulates the threshold activation characteristics of biological neurons; output is only generated when the input intensity exceeds a specific threshold. The second layer input feature I2 is then fed into the second layer of the optical neural network, where feature fusion is performed via an optical fiber coupler.

[0059] Fiber optic couplers combine multiple optical signals according to a specific ratio, achieving a weighted summation operation. The processed optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector, with each element of the detector array corresponding to an output neuron. Finally, an adaptive thresholding algorithm is applied to perform dynamic threshold calculation, automatically adjusting the decision threshold based on the statistical characteristics of the signal to obtain the adaptive thresholding result T.

[0060] S225. The adaptive threshold processing results are fused and analyzed with historical optical power data to obtain optical power status judgment data.

[0061] S226. The attenuation rate of the main optical path is calculated based on the optical power status judgment data.

[0062] Specifically, the adaptive threshold processing result T is fused with historical optical power data from 12 samples with a time delay. Through weighted averaging and trend analysis, more accurate optical power status judgment data S is obtained. Based on S, the attenuation trend of the optical path is calculated, including the average attenuation rate and the instantaneous attenuation rate. When the optical power of the main optical path is detected to be lower than the preset threshold (-25dBm) or the attenuation rate exceeds the threshold (3dB / s), a switching trigger command is generated, and an optical path switching operation is performed.

[0063] As one implementation method, the feature input matrix is ​​input into the first layer of the optical neural network, and the optical signal is phase-modulated by an adjustable phase modulator to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons, specifically including: The feature input matrix is ​​converted into an electro-optic signal, and the electrical signal is mapped into an optical domain representation through an electro-optic modulator array to obtain the optical signal input data.

[0064] Optical signal input data is imported into a photonic integrated waveguide structure, which consists of multiple parallel waveguide channels. Each channel corresponds to an input feature component, resulting in a distributed optical signal.

[0065] Phase modulation is applied to the distributed optical signal by applying a corresponding phase delay to each optical waveguide through a voltage-controlled silicon-based phase modulator, resulting in a phase-modulated optical wave.

[0066] Phase-modulated light waves are introduced into the interference structure, and optical signals of different phases are combined using a directional coupler. Weighted summation is achieved through the interference effect to obtain the neuron input field.

[0067] By applying a nonlinear optical response to the neuron's input field and generating nonlinear activation characteristics through stimulated Raman scattering, the input light field is converted into output light intensity, thus obtaining the activation response value.

[0068] The activation response values ​​are connected through an optical waveguide network, and a Y-shaped beam splitter is used to distribute the output of each neuron to the input of multiple neurons in the next layer, generating neuron output patterns and obtaining the activation map of the first layer of neurons.

[0069] Specifically, the feature input matrix undergoes signal conversion via an electro-optic modulator array. Each interferometer modulator corresponds to an element in the matrix, operating based on the electro-optic effect; the interferometer can be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The modulation process first normalizes the data to the [-1,1] interval, then maps it to a 0-5V voltage range. The voltage and phase modulation are linearly related, forming the optical signal input data. The optical signal is then introduced into a photonic integrated waveguide structure, a micrometer-scale optical path system fabricated on a wafer. The waveguide channel (450 nm wide, 220 nm high) is designed to support fundamental mode transmission at a wavelength of 1550 nm, with a 5-micrometer channel spacing to avoid crosstalk. Each channel corresponds to a feature component, and precise control of the light intensity distribution achieves feature mapping, forming a distributed optical signal.

[0070] Silicon-based phase modulators (PIN structures or microheaters) modulate the phase of light waves through thermo-optical or plasma dispersion effects. Each volt of voltage produces approximately π / 2 phase shift. The required phase θ (theta, representing the phase angle) = arccos(W) is calculated using a weighting matrix W (weight value matrix) and converted to a control voltage V (voltage value) = θ·Vπ / π, where Vπ (the voltage required to produce a π phase shift) applies a precise phase delay to each waveguide.

[0071] Directional couplers (waveguide spacing approximately 200 nm) achieve optical signal combining. The coupling coefficient k (representing the optical energy coupling strength) determines the power transfer, calculated as P_transferred (transferred optical power) = sin 2 (k·L), where L is the coupling length. When two light waves with a phase difference Δφ (Greek letter delta phi, representing phase difference) merge, the output light intensity is proportional to cos... 2(Δφ / 2) naturally realizes weighted summation to form the neuron input field. Nonlinear processing uses the stimulated Raman scattering effect (the silicon waveguide gain coefficient is 20 cm / GW), and the effect is significant when the light intensity exceeds the threshold (100 MW / cm²). The nonlinearity is enhanced by doping special materials to achieve threshold activation behavior: Iout (output light intensity) = 0 when Iin (input light intensity) < Ith (threshold light intensity); or Iout = G (gain coefficient) · (Iin - Ith) when Iin ≥ Ith. The Y-branch (bifurcation angle < 15 degrees) realizes 1:2 optical power splitting, connects each neuron, and the splitting ratio matches the network weight. The combination of multi-level splitters and waveguides constitutes a complex optical path network to achieve a fully connected structure and form the activation map of the first-layer neurons.

[0072] In this embodiment, a time-delay neural network is combined with an optical neural network to process optical power data. The time-delay neural network preprocesses the time-domain sampled data of optical power, identifies the time-domain characteristics and trend changes in the time-domain sampled data of optical power, and has anti-interference ability against periodic interference and transient fluctuations in the primary and standby optical paths. The optical neural network includes a first-layer optical neural network and a second-layer optical neural network. The discrete wavelet transform is combined with the double-layer optical neural network to precisely process the frequency-domain characteristics of optical power data, and efficient feature extraction and nonlinear processing of optical power data are achieved through Daubechies wavelet decomposition and interference structure.

[0073] As an implementation manner, as Figure 2 shown, the positioning device is a Beidou / GPS dual-mode positioning device. The optical path protection device includes a first optical path protection device and a second optical path protection device. The first optical path protection device includes a first main control unit, a first optical switch unit, a first network communication unit, a first power management unit, and a first positioning unit. The second optical path protection device includes a second main control unit, a second optical switch unit, a second network communication unit, a second power management unit, and a second positioning unit.

[0074] As an implementation manner, the method further includes: S240. Set a first optical path protection device between the central office active device and the first-level splitter, and set a second optical path protection device between the first-level splitter and the second-level splitter.

[0075] The optical path protection devices are connected to the PON network via fiber optic connectors. The first optical path protection device is installed between the OLT and the first-level splitter, and the second optical path protection device is installed between the first-level splitter and the second-level splitter. In this embodiment, a 16-bit hexadecimal identifier is assigned to each optical path protection device, including a 4-bit type code (A001 for the first device and A002 for the second device), an 8-bit serial number, and a 4-bit CRC-16 checksum. The initial location coordinates (longitude, latitude, and altitude) and device information (model and version number) are stored in non-volatile memory.

[0076] As one implementation method, the optical path protection device triggers the optical path switching operation through the following steps, including: S212, verifying the availability of the optical path to be switched; S213. After the availability verification of the optical path to be switched is passed, activate the optical path to be switched. S214. After the optical path switching is successfully activated, disconnect the current optical path.

[0077] Specifically, when the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be lower than the preset optical power threshold, or when the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be higher than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered by the optical path protection device. The optical path switching operation process is as follows: verify the availability of the backup optical path; after confirming that the backup optical path is available, activate the backup optical path; after the backup optical path is activated, disconnect the primary optical path.

[0078] Specifically, when the intelligent optical path uses the backup optical path, if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be no higher than the preset attenuation rate, and further if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be no higher than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device only after both conditions are met. The optical path switching operation process is as follows: verify the availability of the primary optical path; after confirming that the primary optical path is available, activate the primary optical path; after the primary optical path is activated, disconnect the backup optical path.

[0079] As one implementation method, the method further includes: the network management platform infers the section where the optical path fault occurred based on the received optical path switching operation information and location coordinates, and generates a protection record for the intelligent optical path; wherein, the optical path switching operation information includes switching trigger conditions, switching operation execution time, optical path status parameters, and primary and backup optical path optical power information.

[0080] As one implementation method, such as Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent optical path protection method, including: S101. A first optical path protection device is set between the OLT and the first-level splitter in the PON network, and a second optical path protection device is set between the first-level splitter and the second-level splitter to obtain an optical path protection node. The first optical path protection device and the second optical path protection device are used as optical path protection nodes.

[0081] S102. Set the optical power threshold and switching trigger conditions for the optical path protection node to obtain the optical path protection device. The switching trigger conditions can be: when the optical path uses the primary optical path, the switching trigger condition is to detect that the optical power of the primary optical path is lower than the preset optical power threshold, or the switching trigger condition is to detect that the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is higher than the preset attenuation rate.

[0082] S103. Based on the optical path protection device, periodic sampling and measurement of the main and backup optical paths are performed. When the optical power of the main optical path is lower than the preset threshold, an automatic optical path switching operation is performed. A switching event notification is sent through the wireless communication network to obtain the status of the switched optical path.

[0083] S104. The switched optical path status and the location information obtained through BeiDou / GPS dual-mode positioning are transmitted to the network management platform for analysis, generating hierarchical alarm data, and obtaining the intelligent operation and maintenance results of the optical network.

[0084] This application provides an intelligent optical path protection system, including: an optical path detection module, an optical path switching module, and an optical path recording module.

[0085] The optical path detection module is configured to detect the main and backup optical paths based on the optical path protection device. The optical path protection device is configured between the active equipment at the central office and the splitter. The main and backup optical paths include the primary optical path and the backup optical path.

[0086] The optical path switching module is configured to, when the optical path is using the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be lower than a preset optical power threshold, or if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be higher than a preset attenuation rate, trigger the optical path switching operation based on the optical path protection device, and send the corresponding optical path switching operation information to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching. The optical path recording module is configured to, when the optical path protection device is equipped with a positioning device, obtain the position coordinates of the optical path protection device that performs the optical path switching operation based on the positioning device, and send the obtained position coordinates to the network management platform, so that the network management platform generates a protection record of the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and the position coordinates.

[0087] As one implementation method, such as Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent optical path protection system. The optical path protection device includes a first optical path protection device and a second optical path protection device. The first optical path protection device is set between the OLT and the first-level splitter in the PON network, and the second optical path protection device is set between the first-level splitter and the second-level splitter. Data acquisition device and positioning device are set between the network management platform and the optical path protection device.

[0088] The first optical path protection device includes a first main control unit, a first optical switch unit, a first network communication unit, a first power management unit, and a first positioning power supply. The second optical path protection device includes a second main control unit, a second optical switch unit, a second network communication unit, a second power management unit, and a second positioning power supply.

[0089] The data acquisition device is used to collect data from the optical path protection device and optical cable using a wireless network, and also to transmit the collected data to the network management platform. The positioning device is used to locate the optical path protection device and also to transmit the positioning data to the network management platform. The network management platform is equipped with a periodic optical power detection mechanism and a display device to display the detected optical power data.

[0090] This application provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform an intelligent optical path protection method as provided in the above embodiments.

[0091] The computer device includes one or more processors, memory, and interfaces for connecting the components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. The components communicate with each other using different buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or otherwise installed as needed. The processor processes instructions that execute within the computer device, including instructions stored in or on memory to display graphical information of a GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some alternative implementations, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used with multiple memories and multiple memory modules, if desired. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, each providing some of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system).

[0092] The processor can be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. The processor may further include hardware chips. These hardware chips can be application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or combinations thereof. The programmable logic devices can be complex programmable logic devices (CLPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general-purpose array logic (GDAs), or any combination thereof.

[0093] The memory stores instructions executable by at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0094] The memory may include a stored program area and a stored data area, wherein the stored program area may store the operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the stored data area may store data created based on the use of the computer device, etc. Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some alternative embodiments, the memory may include memory remotely located relative to the processor, which can be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0095] The memory may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk or solid-state drive; the memory may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0096] The computer device also includes a communication interface for communicating with other devices or communication networks.

[0097] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which are used to cause a computer to execute an intelligent optical path protection method as provided in the above embodiments. This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described in this application can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as recordable on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded over a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and subsequently stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the methods shown in the above embodiments are implemented.

[0098] This application provides a computer program product including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the method of any embodiment of this application.

[0099] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0100] The systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer. Specifically, a computer can be, for example, a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular phone, camera phone, smartphone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email device, game console, tablet computer, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.

[0101] For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0102] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0103] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0104] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0105] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0106] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0107] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0108] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

[0109] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for protecting intelligent optical paths, characterized in that, include: The main and backup optical paths are detected based on the optical path protection device, which is configured between the active equipment at the central office and the splitter. The main and backup optical paths include the primary optical path and the backup optical path. When the optical path uses the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is detected to be lower than the preset optical power threshold, or if the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is detected to be higher than the preset attenuation rate, the optical path switching operation is triggered based on the optical path protection device, and the corresponding optical path switching operation information is sent to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching. The optical path protection device is equipped with a positioning device. Based on the positioning device, the position coordinates of the optical path protection device performing the optical path switching operation are obtained, and the obtained position coordinates are sent to the network management platform. The network management platform generates a protection record for the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and the position coordinates.

2. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the optical path is using the primary optical path, if the optical power of the primary optical path is continuously detected to be lower than the preset optical power threshold for 10 milliseconds, the optical path protection device triggers the execution of an optical path switching operation and sends the corresponding optical path switching operation information to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching.

3. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attenuation rate of the main optical path is detected by the following methods: The optical path protection device performs periodic sampling and detection on the main and backup optical paths to obtain optical power time-domain sampling data. The optical power time-domain sampling data is input into a time-delay neural network for preprocessing to obtain preprocessed optical power data; The preprocessed optical power data is decomposed into multiple layers using wavelet transform to obtain adaptive threshold processing results. The adaptive threshold processing result is fused and analyzed with historical optical power data to obtain optical power status judgment data; The attenuation rate of the main optical path is calculated based on the optical power status judgment data.

4. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing multi-level decomposition on the preprocessed optical power data using wavelet transform to obtain adaptive threshold processing results specifically includes: The preprocessed optical power data is decomposed into four levels using discrete wavelet transform. The Daubechies wavelet basis function is selected as the transform kernel to separate different frequency components and obtain wavelet decomposition coefficients. The wavelet decomposition coefficients are divided into approximation coefficients and detail coefficients to obtain layered wavelet features; wherein, the approximation coefficients contain low-frequency information of optical power data, and the detail coefficients contain edge features and transient features; A structured input vector is constructed from the layered wavelet features, arranged according to frequency components and time positions, to generate a data format suitable for optical neural network processing, so as to obtain the feature input matrix. The optical neural network has a two-layer structure. The feature input matrix is ​​input into the first layer of the optical neural network, and the optical signal is phase-modulated by an adjustable phase modulator to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons. A nonlinear transformation is performed on the activation map of the first layer of neurons. The activation values ​​are truncated and amplified by utilizing the nonlinear response characteristics of the photonic crystal structure to obtain the input features of the second layer. The second layer input features are input into the second layer optical neural network, feature fusion is performed through an optical fiber coupler, the light intensity signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photodetector, and dynamic threshold calculation is performed based on an adaptive threshold algorithm to obtain the adaptive threshold processing result.

5. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of inputting the feature input matrix into the first layer of the optical neural network and performing phase modulation on the optical signal through an adjustable phase modulator to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons specifically includes: The feature input matrix is ​​subjected to electro-optic signal conversion, and the electrical signal is mapped to an optical domain representation through an electro-optic modulator array to obtain optical signal input data; The optical signal input data is imported into a photonic integrated waveguide structure, which consists of multiple parallel waveguide channels, each corresponding to an input feature component, to obtain a distributed optical signal. Phase modulation is applied to the distributed optical signal by applying a corresponding phase delay to each optical waveguide through a voltage-controlled silicon-based phase modulator to obtain a phase-modulated optical wave. The phase-modulated light wave is introduced into the interference structure, and the optical signals of different phases are combined using a directional coupler. The weighted summation operation is achieved through the interference effect to obtain the neuron input field. A nonlinear optical response is applied to the input field of the neuron, and a nonlinear activation characteristic is generated through stimulated Raman scattering to convert the input light field into the output light intensity in order to obtain the activation response value. The activation response values ​​are connected through an optical waveguide network, and a Y-type beam splitter is used to distribute the output of each neuron to the input of multiple neurons in the next layer, generating a neuron output pattern to obtain the activation map of the first layer of neurons.

6. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning device is a Beidou / GPS dual-mode positioning device, and the optical path protection device includes a first optical path protection device and a second optical path protection device.

7. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first optical path protection device is configured between the central office active equipment and the first-level splitter, and the second optical path protection device is configured between the first-level splitter and the second-level splitter.

8. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical path protection device triggers an optical path switching operation through the following steps: Verify the availability of the optical path to be switched; Once the availability verification of the optical path to be switched is passed, the optical path to be switched will be activated. Once the optical path switching is successfully activated, disconnect the current optical path.

9. The intelligent optical path protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the received optical path switching operation information and the location coordinates, the network management platform infers the segment where the optical path fault occurred and generates a protection record for the intelligent optical path; wherein, the optical path switching operation information includes switching trigger conditions, switching operation execution time, and optical power information of the primary and backup optical paths.

10. An intelligent optical path protection system, characterized in that, Includes: optical path detection module, optical path switching module, and optical path recording module; The optical path detection module is configured to detect the main and backup optical paths based on the optical path protection device, wherein the optical path protection device is configured between the active equipment at the central office and the splitter, and the main and backup optical paths include the primary optical path and the backup optical path. The optical path switching module is configured to, when the optical path is using the primary optical path, if it detects that the optical power of the primary optical path is lower than a preset optical power threshold, or detects that the attenuation rate of the primary optical path is higher than a preset attenuation rate, trigger an optical path switching operation based on the optical path protection device, and send the corresponding optical path switching operation information to the network management platform, so that the network management platform can obtain the intelligent optical path status after the switching. The optical path recording module is configured to, when the optical path protection device is equipped with a positioning device, obtain the position coordinates of the optical path protection device performing the optical path switching operation based on the positioning device, and send the obtained position coordinates to the network management platform, so that the network management platform generates the protection record of the intelligent optical path based on the received optical path switching operation information and the position coordinates.

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