Typical herbaceous plant soil mixing and sowing method and newly-built terrace edge ridge biological ridge forming method

Abstract

The invention provides a soil mixing and sowing method of typical herbaceous plants and a method for forming a biological ridge of a newly-built terrace edge ridge, which comprises the following steps of: 1) selecting qualified trifolium repens, ryegrass, alfalfa and vicia villosa seeds according to process requirements; 2) seed pretreatment: soaking trifolium repens and alfalfa seeds with warm water at 30-40 DEG C for 2-4 hours; the method comprises the following steps: soaking ryegrass and vetch seeds in cold water for 1-2 hours; (3) respectively and uniformly mixing the four seeds with soil according to the proportion required by the process; (4) uniformly sowing the seed-soil mixture on a target land parcel; and 5) management after sowing. According to the herbaceous vegetation soil mixing and sowing method, high germination and survival rate of the herbaceous vegetation can be guaranteed, the plant height, the above-ground biomass and the vegetation coverage of all the herbaceous vegetation are continuously increased in the growing season, and the root system biomass is in the trend of firstly decreasing and then increasing; and all herbaceous vegetation improves the water retention performance of the soil.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of farmland soil and water conservation, and particularly relates to a typical herbaceous plant soil mixing and sowing method and a farmland edge ridge biological ridge forming method. BACKGROUND

[0002] China has many hilly and mountainous areas, such as the southwest, south China, central China and other regions, and the hilly and mountainous areas are the key areas of soil and water conservation in China. Under the policy driving of the National Land Consolidation Plan (2016-2020), the slope farmland mechanization reconstruction project is rapidly advancing, and the newly built terraces generally have the characteristics of steep edge ridges (the vertical height is generally more than 1 meter, and some can reach 2 meters, and the slope is greater than 30°). The edge ridge has serious water and soil loss, and even forms gully erosion and collapses. This problem has become a major obstacle to the sustainable development of agricultural ecological environment in the hilly and mountainous areas of the southwest region, such as the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

[0003] In order to reduce the water and soil loss of slope farmland and reasonably utilize land resources, the reconstruction and ecological reconstruction of slope farmland have become the main development trend of ecological agriculture in the region. In order to quickly improve the stability of the newly built high-standard farmland edge ridge in the hilly and mountainous areas of the southwest region, prevent water and soil loss, and protect farmland, a biological ridge with strong protection effect on water and soil loss is needed. A specific green plant is planted at the junction of the ridge or two slopes, and the root system, branches, leaves and stems of the specific green plant are used to form a green barrier to prevent water and soil loss and effectively resist the water and soil loss of slope farmland in the hilly and mountainous areas. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a typical herbaceous plant soil mixing and sowing method and a farmland edge ridge biological ridge forming method. The green plant protection belt formed by sowing and growing four kinds of plant seeds is used to form a biological ridge with high stability at the edge ridge of farmland, and the stability of the high-standard farmland edge ridge is improved, so as to solve the actual problems of poor stability of the newly built high-standard farmland edge ridge in the southwest hilly and mountainous areas, serious water and soil loss, and even collapse.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: The typical herbaceous plant soil mixing and sowing method comprises the following steps: 1) According to the process requirements, select qualified white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and hairy vetch seeds; 2) Seed pretreatment: different seeds are soaked according to their characteristics: white clover and alfalfa seeds are soaked in warm water at 30-40℃ for 2-4 hours; ryegrass and hairy vetch seeds are soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours; 3) Seed and soil mixing: according to the process requirements, the four kinds of seeds are mixed with soil respectively, and seed-soil mixtures are obtained; 4) Sowing: the seed-soil mixtures are uniformly sown on the target land; 5) Post-sowing management: management is carried out according to the process requirements.

[0006] Further: after step 2), the seeds are taken out after soaking and drained.

[0007] Further: the mixing ratio of seeds and soil is 20g of seeds mixed in 3-10kg of soil.

[0008] Further: when sowing, the four kinds of seed-soil mixtures are sown at a distance required by the process.

[0009] Further: the distance is 0.1-1 meters.

[0010] The method for forming a new terrace ridge biological fence comprises the following steps: 1) According to the process requirements, the farmland ridge of the farmland to be planted with herbaceous green plants to form a biological fence is cleaned; 2) According to the process requirements, qualified trifolium repens, lolium perenne, medicago polymorpha and vicia villosa seeds are selected; 3) Seed pretreatment: different seeds are soaked according to their characteristics: trifolium repens and medicago polymorpha seeds are soaked in warm water at 30-40°C for 2-4 hours; lolium perenne and vicia villosa seeds are soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours; 4) Seed and soil mixing: according to the process requirements, the four kinds of seeds are mixed with soil respectively, and seed-soil mixtures are obtained; 5) Sowing: the four kinds of seed-soil mixtures are uniformly sown on the farmland ridge; the four kinds of seed-soil mixtures are sown in a length distance required by the process along the length direction of the farmland ridge; 6) Post-sowing management: management is carried out according to the process requirements, and after the seedlings of the four kinds of seeds grow, a biological fence of herbaceous green plants is formed on the farmland ridge.

[0011] Further: after step 3), the seeds are taken out after soaking and drained.

[0012] Further: the mixing ratio of seeds and soil is 20g of seeds mixed in 3-10kg of soil.

[0013] Further: the length distance is 0.5-10 meters.

[0014] The seed-soil mixing and sowing method of a typical herbaceous plant and the method for forming a farmland ridge biological fence have the following beneficial effects: 1、The herbaceous vegetation soil mixing and sowing method of the present application can ensure high germination and survival rate of herbaceous vegetation, and the plant height, aboveground biomass and vegetation coverage of all herbaceous vegetation continuously increase in the growing season, while the root biomass shows a downward trend first and then an upward trend.

[0015] 2、The soil bulk density change trend of different herbaceous vegetation in the growing season is basically the same, showing a downward trend first and then a downward trend.

[0016] 3、The capillary porosity, field water capacity and organic matter content of the soil show a "V" type change trend of first decreasing and then increasing in the growing season. The soil mechanical composition shows a phenomenon of particle coarsening.

[0017] 4、All herbaceous vegetation improves the soil water holding capacity.

[0018] 5、The organic matter content is significantly higher than that of other herbaceous vegetation.

[0019] 6、The soil cohesion, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil structure stability index of the hairy vetch edge bank are the largest, and the soil penetration resistance, erodibility K factor and soil erodibility comprehensive index are the smallest.

[0020] In summary, the present application plants the four green plants at the edge of the ridge or the intersection of two slopes, and the green plant protection belt formed by the growth of the four plant seeds after soil mixing and sowing utilizes the root system, branches and leaves, and stems of the green plants to form a green barrier to prevent water and soil loss, effectively resist the water and soil loss of the slope farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, and improve the edge bank stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the present application are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The terms used in the specification herein are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0022] The typical herbaceous plant soil mixing and sowing method provided by the present application is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1、According to the process requirements, select qualified white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and hairy vetch seeds; select four kinds of seeds with full particles and no pests and diseases respectively; 2. Seed pretreatment: soak the seeds according to their characteristics: white clover and alfalfa seeds are soaked in warm water (30-40°C) for 2-4 hours because their seed coat is relatively hard; ryegrass and vetch seeds are soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours because their seed coat is thin, which can improve the germination rate and emergence rate of the seeds. After soaking, the seeds are taken out and drained to prevent mold growth.

[0023] 3. Seed and soil mixing: mix the four types of seeds with soil according to the required ratio, and mix well to obtain seed-soil mixtures for use; the mixing ratio is usually 20g of seeds mixed in 3-10kg of soil; mixing is to avoid clumping during sowing. The specific mixing ratio can be 20g of seeds mixed in 3kg, 3.5kg, 4kg, 4.5kg, 5kg, 5.5kg, 6kg, 6.5kg, 7kg, 7.5kg, 8kg, 8.5kg, 9kg, 9.5kg, or 10kg of soil. 4. Sowing: evenly spread the seed-soil mixture on the target plot, which can ensure seed-soil contact and avoid being eaten by pests; gently press the seed-soil mixture into the soil, or cover the seed-soil mixture with a thin layer of soil to enhance the combination of seeds with the target plot such as farmland.

[0024] The four types of seed-soil mixtures are sown separately, i.e., the four types of seed-soil mixtures are sown along the length of the farmland ridge, and each is sown within the length distance required by the process, which is usually 0.5m-10m, and the width is usually the width of the farmland ridge; thus, each type of plant grows to a length of 0.5m-10m along the length of the farmland ridge, determined according to specific planting requirements, and the sowing length of adjacent plants of the four types of seeds can differ.

[0025] 5. Post-sowing management: manage according to the process requirements, such as reasonable fertilization and watering; water the seeds after germination and continue until the seedlings grow to a stage where they can withstand changes in the external environment. After the four types of plants grow, they form green cost plants with lengths of 0.5m-10m along the length of the farmland ridge.

[0026] Example 1 Taking the production example in Chongqing Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County as an example: The test site is located in Yuchi Town, Chongqing Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County. According to local farming practices, herbicides are sprayed on the terrace ridge before rice planting to control weeds, so the herbaceous vegetation seeds are sown after the local farmers have sprayed herbicides (May 2024).

[0027] The test herbaceous plant varieties were white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and hairy vetch.

[0028] There were significant differences in the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the different herb types.

[0029] In terms of soil sand content, the sand content of the hairy vetch ridge was the highest, and the sand content of the alfalfa ridge was the lowest. Compared with CK, the sand contents of the ryegrass and alfalfa ridges were significantly reduced by 18.1% and 17.6%, respectively.

[0030] In terms of soil bulk density, the soil bulk density of CK was the highest, and the soil bulk density of the white clover ridge was the lowest, showing the best improvement effect.

[0031] In terms of soil water-holding capacity, the capillary porosity and field water capacity of CK were the lowest, and the growth of different vegetation types improved the soil water-holding capacity. Compared with CK, the capillary porosity of the white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and hairy vetch ridges was increased by 2.4%, 1.6%, 1.1% and 1.6%, respectively. The one-way ANOVA results showed that the soil porosity of the white clover and ryegrass ridges was significantly higher than that of CK. Compared with CK, the field water capacity of the white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and hairy vetch ridges was increased by 3.1%, 4.5%, 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively. The one-way ANOVA results showed that the field water capacity of the hairy vetch ridge was significantly higher than that of CK.

[0032] In terms of soil organic matter content, the organic matter content of the hairy vetch ridge was the highest, and the organic matter content of CK was the lowest. Compared with CK, the organic matter content of the white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and hairy vetch ridges was increased by 9.7%, 12.7%, 42.0% and 46.4%, respectively. The one-way ANOVA results showed that the organic matter content of the alfalfa and hairy vetch ridges was significantly higher than that of CK.

[0033] Compared with the control group with no seeding, the growth of vegetation could significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, indicating that root growth was crucial for soil structure stability and erosion resistance. Among different herb types, the effects of the legume plants white clover and hairy vetch were particularly significant.

[0034] The soil erosion resistance indicators of the ridges with different herb types showed obvious dynamic change rules during the growing season, but there were differences between different indicators.

[0035] Herbaceous vegetation generally significantly reduced the soil penetration resistance and disintegration rate, while significantly improved the soil cohesion, saturated hydraulic conductivity, average weight diameter of soil aggregates and soil structure stability index.

[0036] In terms of soil penetration resistance, the soil penetration resistance of the control (CK) was the largest, and the soil penetration resistance of the Trifolium repens L. edge was the smallest. Compared with the CK, the soil penetration resistance of the Trifolium repens L., the Lolium multiflorum, the Medicago sativa L. and the Trifolium repens L. was reduced by 17.2%, 3.8%, 9.3% and 17.2% respectively. The Trifolium repens L. and the Trifolium repens L. could effectively improve the water permeability and the loose degree of the soil.

[0037] In terms of soil cohesion, the soil cohesion of the Trifolium repens L. was the largest, and the soil cohesion of the CK was the smallest. Compared with the CK, the coverage of the Trifolium repens L., the Lolium multiflorum, the Medicago sativa L. and the Trifolium repens L. was increased by 10.1%, 1.1%, 4.3% and 16.8% respectively.

[0038] In terms of soil disintegration rate, the soil disintegration rate of the control (CK) was the largest, and the soil disintegration rate of the Medicago sativa L. edge was the smallest. Compared with the CK, the soil disintegration rate of the Trifolium repens L., the Lolium multiflorum, the Medicago sativa L. and the Trifolium repens L. was reduced by 37.5%, 38.1%, 40.5% and 30.8% respectively.

[0039] In terms of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the four types of herb edge was significantly higher than that of the control (CK) (p<0.05). Compared with the CK, the soil disintegration rate of the Trifolium repens L., the Lolium multiflorum, the Medicago sativa L. and the Trifolium repens L. was increased by 56.4%, 55.3%, 67.5% and 78.3% respectively. The gradient sequence between the herb edges was: Trifolium repens L. > Medicago sativa L. > Trifolium repens L. > Lolium multiflorum.

[0040] In terms of soil erodible K factor, the soil erodible K factor of the Trifolium repens L. edge was the smallest, which was reduced by 4.2% compared with the CK. The soil erodible K factor of the Lolium multiflorum edge was the largest.

[0041] In terms of soil structure stability index, the soil structure stability index of the Trifolium repens L. was the largest, and the soil structure stability index of the CK was the smallest. Compared with the CK, the soil disintegration rate of the Trifolium repens L., the Lolium multiflorum, the Medicago sativa L. and the Trifolium repens L. was increased by 10.1%, 12.7%, 41.1% and 47.0% respectively.

[0042] The test group implementing the biological ridge technology had obvious effect on improving the stability of the edge.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not to limit the technical solutions. Although the applicant has made a detailed description of the present application with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the purpose and scope of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of soil-drenching sowing of a typical herbaceous plant, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting qualified seeds of white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and vicia villosa according to process requirements; 2) seed pretreatment: different seeds are soaked according to their characteristics; white clover and alfalfa seeds are soaked in warm water at 30-40 ℃ for 2-4 hours; ryegrass and vicia villosa seeds are soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours; 3) mixing seeds with soil: the four kinds of seeds are mixed with soil according to the process requirements, and seed-soil mixtures are obtained; 4) sowing: the seed-soil mixtures are uniformly sown on the target land; 5) post-sowing management: management is performed according to process requirements.

2. The method of soil-dressing seeding of typical herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized by: After step 2), the seeds are taken out and drained.

3. The method of soil mixing seeding of typical herbaceous plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing ratio of seeds to soil is 20 g of seeds mixed in 3-10 kg of soil.

4. The method of soil-dressing sowing of model grass plants according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When sowing, the four kinds of seed-soil mixtures are sown at a distance required by the process.

5. The method of soil-dressing seeding of typical herbaceous plants according to claim 4, characterized by: The distance is 0.1-1 meters.

6. A method of forming a new terrace berm bio-ribs, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the farmland edge of the farmland where the herbaceous green plants are to be planted to form a biological ridge according to process requirements; 2) selecting qualified seeds of white clover, ryegrass, alfalfa and vicia villosa according to process requirements; 3) seed pretreatment: different seeds are soaked according to their characteristics; white clover and alfalfa seeds are soaked in warm water at 30-40 ℃ for 2-4 hours; ryegrass and vicia villosa seeds are soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours; 4) mixing seeds with soil: the four kinds of seeds are mixed with soil according to the process requirements, and seed-soil mixtures are obtained; 5) sowing: the four kinds of seed-soil mixtures are uniformly sown on the farmland edge; the four kinds of seed-soil mixtures are sown in a length distance required by the process along the length direction of the farmland edge; 6) post-sowing management: management is performed according to process requirements, and the biological ridge of green herbaceous plants is formed on the farmland edge after the seedlings of the four kinds of seeds grow.

7. The method of forming a new terrace berm bio-ribs according to claim 6, characterized in that: After step 3), the seeds are taken out and drained.

8. The method of forming a new terrace berm bio-screen according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: The mixing ratio of seeds to soil is 20 g of seeds mixed in 3-10 kg of soil.

9. The method of forming a new terrace berm bio-screen according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: The length distance is 0.5-10 meters.