Resource allocation for wireless communications

Abstract

A method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the wireless device configured to communicate with carrier aggregation, the method comprising communicating based on a resource allocation indication in a received control information message, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on a plurality of carriers. The disclosure also relates to related devices and methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication, specifically high-frequency wireless communication. Background Technology

[0002] For future wireless communication systems, data transmission rates will be significantly increased. Associated resource allocation can lead to substantial signaling overhead, especially in carrier aggregation scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide methods for resource allocation relating to wireless communications. These methods can be used for one frequency range or multiple different frequency ranges. For example, they can be implemented for frequency ranges (e.g., carrier bandwidth and / or system bandwidth) of communication signaling at 1 GHz or higher, 2 GHz or higher, 5 GHz or higher, 6 GHz or higher, 10 GHz or higher, and / or for millimeter-wave communications, particularly for radio carrier frequencies of about 52.6 GHz and / or higher, where 52.6 GHz can be considered high radio frequency (high frequency) and / or millimeter wave. The carrier frequency can be between 52.6 and 140 GHz, for example having a lower boundary between 52.6, 55, 60, 71 GHz and / or an upper boundary between frequencies of 71, 72, 90, 114, 140 GHz or higher, particularly between 55 and 90 GHz or between 60 and 72 GHz; however, higher frequencies can be considered, particularly 71 GHz or 72 GHz or higher, and / or 100 GHz or higher, and / or 140 GHz or higher. The carrier frequency can specifically refer to the center frequency or maximum frequency of the carrier. The radio nodes and / or networks described herein can operate in a broadband environment with a carrier bandwidth (or bandwidth or carrier aggregation) of, for example, 400 MHz or higher, particularly 1 GHz or higher, 2 GHz or higher, or even greater (e.g., 6 GHz or higher, 8 GHz or higher); the scheduled or allocated bandwidth may be the carrier bandwidth, or it may be smaller, depending on the channel and / or process. In some cases, operation can be based on OFDM waveforms or SC-FDM waveforms (e.g., downlink and / or uplink), specifically FDF-SC-FDM waveforms. However, operation based on a single-carrier waveform (e.g., SC-FDE, which may be pulse-shaped or frequency-domain filtered, e.g., based on modulation schemes and / or MCS)) for the downlink and / or uplink can be considered. Generally, different waveforms can be used for different communication directions. Communication using or utilizing carriers and / or beams can correspond to operation using or utilizing carriers and / or beams, and / or may include transmitting on carriers and / or beams, and / or receiving on carriers and / or beams. Operation can be based on and / or associated with a parameter set that may indicate the subcarrier spacing and / or duration and / or equivalent parameters of the allocation unit, for example, compared to OFDM-based systems. The subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency spacing may, for example, correspond to 960 kHz or 1920 kHz, representing, for example, the bandwidth or equivalent parameters of the subcarriers.

[0004] Implementing these methods in future 6th generation (6G) telecommunications networks or 6G radio access technologies or networks (RAT / RAN) specifically according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standards organization) is particularly advantageous. Specifically, a suitable RAN could be a RAN evolved from NR (e.g., version 18 or later) or LTE. However, these methods can also be used with other RATs (e.g., future 5.5G systems or IEEE-based systems).

[0005] A method for operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network is disclosed. The wireless device is configured to communicate using carrier aggregation. The method includes communicating based on a resource allocation indication in a received control information message, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

[0006] Additionally, a wireless device for a wireless communication network is described. This wireless device is configured to communicate using carrier aggregation. The wireless device is adapted to communicate based on a resource allocation indication in a received control information message, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

[0007] One possible method for operating a network node in a wireless communication network is to send a control information message to a wireless device, the control information message including a resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

[0008] Furthermore, a network node for a wireless communication network is described. This network node is adapted to send control information messages to wireless devices, the control information messages including resource allocation instructions indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

[0009] The method described in this paper allows for efficient frequency resource allocation and lower signaling overhead in carrier aggregation.

[0010] Communication based on resource allocation indications may include transmission or reception on resources indicated by the indication. Frequency resources may be indicated or addressed in units such as resource blocks (RBs) or resource block groups (RBGs). A resource block may include a predefined number (e.g., 12 or 16) of subcarriers. An RBG may include one or more RBs. Carrier aggregation enables communication to utilize carrier aggregation. In some cases, carrier aggregation may differ in the UL and DL (or in different SL directions). Frequency resources on multiple carriers may relate to carriers in a carrier aggregation. Control information messages may be physical layer messages, such as DCI or SCI. Resource allocation indications may be included in and / or carried by control information messages.

[0011] Resource allocation instructions may include multiple bits and / or bit fields. These bits / bit fields may be jointly encoded or individually encoded.

[0012] Resource allocation indications can involve the allocation of resources across multiple carriers (in carrier aggregation). Therefore, multiple carriers can be addressed through a single allocation / indication.

[0013] It is possible that the resource allocation indicator could specify a reference resource and an allocation length. The reference resource could be, for example, a starting resource (corresponding to the lowest allocation frequency) or an ending resource.

[0014] A resource allocation indicator can indicate a void in a resource allocation. A void typically indicates an unallocated resource, such as an unallocated resource surrounded by allocated resources. A void can be indicated implicitly or explicitly, for example, by referring to a frequency resource mapping scheme or allocation. A resource allocation indicator can indicate the start and length of a void; in some cases, it can indicate the start and end (or start and length) of a first allocation and the start and end (or start and length) of a second allocation; assuming the start of the second allocation follows the end of the first allocation, this would indicate a void.

[0015] It is possible to consider addressing frequency resources in units of resource blocks or groups of resource blocks. Different units could be considered.

[0016] Resource allocation instructions can address frequency resources in resource blocks or groups of resource blocks of different sizes. Specifically, two different sizes can be used. In some cases, all RBs or RBGs except one can have the same size; RBs or RBGs with different sizes can have a smaller size than the others.

[0017] A frequency mapping scheme can be employed, which maps frequency resource elements across multiple carriers in an aggregation (e.g., multiple carriers in a configured carrier aggregation, or active carriers in a carrier aggregation). If the carrier aggregation covers N frequency resource elements, the mapping can use 0 to indicate the lowest frequency resource element and integer values ​​to indicate consecutively up to N-1. Each value can indicate a frequency resource element, such as a resource block or RBG. Resource allocation indications can allocate resources mapped by the frequency mapping scheme, and / or can allocate resources across multiple carriers. It should be noted that carrier aggregation does not necessarily include carriers with a common boundary in the frequency domain. Mappings can be provided such that lower frequencies have lower numbers, for example, such that the lowest frequency is labeled 0 and the highest frequency is labeled N-1 (this can be considered a physical mapping). In some cases, virtual mappings can be considered, where monotonic numbering does not correspond to monotonic physical frequencies.

[0018] Radio nodes can operate in TDD mode, for example, switching between DL and UL periods. A DL period can be the period during which a radio node operates using DL transmissions, and a UL period can be the period during which a radio node operates using UL transmissions (e.g., for a wireless device, a network node can transmit during DL and receive during UL, and vice versa). It can be assumed that a TDD protection period exists between the DL and UL periods and / or between the UL and DL periods. This protection period can include multiple symbol time intervals, such as 10 or more symbols, or 12 or more symbols; for DL / UL and UL / DL, the protection period can have the same duration or different durations. The protection period allows for circuit switching and / or interference handling between different communication directions (especially considering that DL signaling is often much stronger than (received) UL signaling). Antenna devices can include one or more antenna elements and / or subarrays and / or panels; different antenna devices can include different antenna elements and / or subarrays and / or panels. Different antenna devices and / or panels and / or subarrays and / or elements can be controlled or controllable independently of each other. There can be the same number of DL and UL periods and / or the same duration associated with DL and UL (at least within a specific time interval, e.g., alternating such that one DL period is followed by one UL period and vice versa), or there can be different numbers or durations, such as (approximately) 3:1 (e.g., 3 DL periods followed by a TDD protection period and 1 UL period), or (approximately) 2:1, or even (approximately) 1:2 or 1:NU, where, for scenarios with more UL periods, the NU is 3 or greater. The duration of the UL period can be the same as or different from the duration of the DL period. The distribution and / or duration of the DL and UL periods can be referred to as the TDD mode; the TDD mode can be dynamically controllable (e.g., via DCI signaling), and / or configured or configurable (e.g., via higher-level signaling such as RRC signaling or RLC signaling), and / or can be semi-statically configurable or configurable. For example, in one or more frames and / or subframes and / or time slots and / or durations that cover multiple repetitions of the TDD mode, the TDD mode can describe the minimum domain distribution of the DL period and / or UL period and / or TDD protection period that repeats over time.

[0019] It can be assumed that a radio node is suitable for using an antenna subarray and / or panel of number NP, where NP can be an integer of 4 or greater. An antenna subarray may include multiple antenna elements, such as 4 or more, or 10 or more, or 50 or more, or 100 or more. The antenna subarray and / or the antenna elements associated with and / or included therein may be associated with and / or connected to or be connected to one and / or the same antenna circuitry, and / or be jointly controlled for analog and / or digital beamforming, and / or be operable for joint transmission or reception. A panel may include a support structure, such as plastic and / or metal and / or wood, supporting one or more antenna subarrays, which may additionally support additional circuitry (such as antenna circuitry and / or interface circuitry). Each antenna subarray may be associated with a communication direction (e.g., receive or transmit) and / or a function (e.g., communication). It can be assumed that the antenna elements of an antenna subarray share the same polarization, such as horizontal or vertical polarization. In some cases, NP can be even, where NP / 2 antenna subarrays (and / or their antenna elements) can be associated with a first polarization (e.g., horizontal, vertical, left circular, right circular, or any other suitable polarization), and another NP / 2 antenna subarrays can be associated with a second polarization, which can be orthogonal to the first polarization. For example, the first polarization can be horizontal and the second polarization can be vertical; or the first polarization can be left circular and the second polarization can be right circular. This allows for the operation of multiple beams and provides good flexibility and / or greater signaling capability. Generally, antenna arrangements associated with a radio node can include one or more antenna subarrays, particularly an even number. Generally, different antenna subarrays and / or panels can be used for different functions, such as transmitting or receiving, and / or communication, at different times. The polarization of an antenna element can be associated with a specific operating direction, such as for transmitting or receiving. Depending on the signaling direction (transmit or receive), the polarization can be different. For example, an antenna subarray can be associated with a first polarization for transmitting and a second polarization for receiving, or vice versa. This can be achieved, for example, by providing the subarray with cross-linear antenna elements (with polarization-dependent connections / circuits).

[0020] It can be considered that operating and / or communicating using communication signaling can include sending and / or receiving communication signaling.

[0021] Communication signaling can be considered based on OFDM waveforms, such as OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, or pulse-shaped DFT-s-OFDM. This waveform is particularly suitable for high-frequency and / or high-load wireless communications. The cyclic appendix can typically be a cyclic prefix or cyclic suffix. This appendix can represent a repetition of a portion of the signaling carried by a symbol at its beginning (suffix) or end (prefix), appended to the relative position (end or beginning) of the symbol; for example, a cyclic prefix can be considered a repetition of signaling at the end of the symbol to which it belongs. Communication signaling can be based on waveforms with cyclic appendixes. The cyclic appendix can be associated with a specific symbol and can have a duration shorter than the symbol duration (e.g., less than 1 / 4 or less than 1 / 6 of the symbol duration).

[0022] A radio node can be a wireless device, user equipment, or terminal. Alternatively, it can be a network node or a signaling radio node. A radio node suitable for wireless communication can be a radio node suitable for transmitting and / or receiving communication signaling. For example, according to wireless communication standards (such as 3GPP standards or IEEE standards), communication signaling can be and / or include data signaling and / or control signaling and / or reference signaling. Operation using communication signaling can include transmitting and / or receiving communication signaling. The radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry and / or antenna circuitry of the radio node can be adapted to process communication signaling. The radio node can be adapted for full-duplex operation and / or half-duplex operation. Full-duplex can refer to, for example, using the same or different circuitry and / or using different antenna subarrays or individually operable antenna subarrays or antenna elements to transmit and receive simultaneously. Communication signaling can be beamformed.

[0023] DFT-s-OFDM-based waveforms can be constructed by performing DFT spread operations on modulation symbols mapped to frequency intervals (e.g., subcarriers), for example, to provide time-varying signals. DFT-s-OFDM-based waveforms can also be referred to as SC-FDM waveforms. They can be considered to provide good PAPR characteristics, thus allowing for optimized operation of power amplifiers, especially at high frequencies. In general, the methods described herein can also be applied to single-carrier-based waveforms, such as FDE-based waveforms. Communication (e.g., communication over data and / or control channels) can be based on and / or utilize either DFT-s-OFDM-based or single-carrier-based waveforms.

[0024] Specifically, communication can occur on multiple communication links and / or beams and / or simultaneously with multiple targets (e.g., receiving from TRP or other forms of transmitters) and / or multiple layers; different reference signaling for multiple transmissions or receptions can be based on different sequence roots and / or combs and / or cyclic shifts. Therefore, high throughput and low interference can be achieved. Generally, different reference signaling (e.g., reference signaling of the same type) can be associated with different transmitters and / or beams and / or layers, especially if they are transmitted simultaneously and / or overlap in time (e.g., different timing advance values ​​are considered if they are transmitted in the uplink). For example, there can be a first reference signaling transmitted using a first transmitter and / or a first beam and / or a first layer, and a second reference signaling that can be transmitted using the first transmitter and / or the first beam and / or the first layer.

[0025] A program product including instructions is also described, which cause processing circuitry to control and / or execute the methods described herein. Furthermore, a carrier medium device for carrying and / or storing the program product described herein is considered. An information system comprising and / or connected to or connectable to a radio node is also disclosed. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the concepts and methods described herein, and are not intended to limit its scope. The drawings include:

[0027] Figure 1 , Figure 2 An exemplary wireless device is shown; and

[0028] Figure 3 An example network node is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] For dynamically scheduled transmissions, resource allocation signaling for uplink and / or downlink transmissions is provided in the downlink control information (DCI). The resource allocation information informs the user equipment (UE) of the time / frequency resources to be used for receiving / transmitting.

[0030] Frequency domain resources on a carrier can be represented (e.g., in LTE and NR) as resource blocks (RBs), where each resource block can span 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain. Resource blocks on a carrier can be numbered from 0 upwards. Frequency domain resource allocations for transmission / reception can be signaled in several ways. One possibility is to signal the starting RB and the number of RBs allocated (alternatively, the starting RB and the ending RB). This allows for efficient signaling of consecutive allocations, especially when the start / length can be jointly coded. Another possibility is to use a bitmap, where each bit indicates whether an RB (or a group of RBs, also known as a resource block group (RBG)) should be used. This allows for high flexibility, but at the cost of increased control signaling overhead (the number of bits in the bitmap can be equal to the number of RBs or RBGs on the carrier).

[0031] Both LTE and NR support carrier aggregation (where a set of carriers is used for receiving (or transmitting)). This allows for the utilization of significantly larger bandwidth compared to using a single carrier, resulting in higher data rates. Transmit / receive processing (coding, HARQ, modulation, etc.) and resource allocation signaling (one DCI per carrier) in LTE and NR are performed on a carrier-by-carrier basis.

[0032] Given per-carrier resource allocation signaling, the resource allocation overhead when allocating multiple carriers can be very large.

[0033] It is recommended that RBs or RBGs be numbered consecutively from 0 to N-1 on all carriers (e.g., in carrier groups, such as on a set of configured carriers), and that a single resource allocation message (scheduling authorization or scheduling assignment, or a combination thereof) be used on all carriers or carrier aggregations. Transmit / receive processing can be performed on a carrier-by-carrier basis.

[0034] Figure 1 The diagram above illustrates the numbering of RBs across all carriers, starting with the first RB in the lowest-numbered carrier being 0 and ending with the last RB in the highest-numbered carrier being N-1. Resource allocation is performed on carrier groups (i.e., a set of carriers, 0 to 3 carriers in the example in the diagram), for example, by transmitting numbers m and n to the UE, or by jointly encoding the starting RB number m and the allocated length n-m+1. Alternatively, but less preferably, a bitmap spanning all RBs can be used. RBGs can be used instead of RBs, where each RBG may include or contain multiple RBs, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, or more RBs; in some cases, RBGs may include non-integer multiples of RBs, such as 16 subcarriers (1.33 x RB, one RB has 12 SCs).

[0035] For example, by jointly encoding the starting RBm and the length n-m+1, a resource allocation with a resolution of M=16 RBs for a carrier group consisting of 4 component carriers (136 RBs per carrier) can be encoded using 10 bits. If the starting RB and length are encoded separately for each carrier, each carrier will require 6 bits, and the carrier group will require 24 bits (assuming the same RB resolution of 16 as described above). It can be assumed that both the transmitter and receiver know, for example, by configuration which component carriers a given RB belongs to, and can determine which resource blocks / RBGs on which component carriers should be used for transmission / reception based on m and n.

[0036] In some cases, it may be desirable to define "gaps" in resource allocation, such as Figure 1 The following diagram illustrates this. This can be achieved by supplementing the resource allocation information with "hole" information. Holes can be defined using a fairly coarse resolution to keep overhead low. For example, a bitmap can be used to exclude certain component carriers (or portions of component carriers) from the overall allocation. Alternatively, holes can be represented using separate start / length combinations. A third possibility is to jointly encode four values ​​(the start and length of the left and right portions of the allocation). By utilizing the fact that the end of the left allocation must be less than the start of the right allocation and that the length of the rightmost allocation must make the last allocation RB less than or equal to Nl, the required number of bits can be kept small.

[0037] Baseband processing can, but is not necessarily, performed per component carrier. In this example, baseband processing (e.g., coding and modulation) can be performed individually for each component carrier, while resource allocation is performed per carrier group as described above. Data block processing (e.g., transport block processing) can be performed per carrier.

[0038] In frequency domain resource allocation, the start and length values ​​can be represented using the resolution of a single resource block. However, to reduce signaling overhead, it can be beneficial to use a larger resource block granularity of M. For example, M=16 can be used. If the size of a component carrier is not a multiple of M, it is difficult to signal the allocation of exactly one component carrier, which is often desirable. The numerical example above is an example of this situation, where the width of the component carrier is 136 RBs, which is not a multiple of 16. This problem can be solved by introducing the following rule: when the allocated set of RBs is slightly larger (or slightly smaller) than one component carrier, the resource allocation is reinterpreted as exactly one component carrier. To illustrate this principle, consider the following example: two component carriers, each with a width of 136 RBs, i.e., N=272, allocation granularity M=16. Example 1: Start=0, Length=3; Allocated RBs 0 to 63, much smaller than one component carrier, no reinterpretation required; Allocated RBs 0 to 63. Example 2: Start=0, Length=9; RBs 0 to 143 have been allocated, slightly larger than one component carrier, reinterpret; RBs 0 to 136 have been allocated. Example 3: Start=0, Length=10; RBs 0 to 159 have been allocated, much larger than one component carrier, no reinterpretation required; RBs 0 to 159 have been allocated.

[0039] Another solution to the same problem would be to modify the size of the RBGs so that the carrier consists of exactly an integer number of RBGs, such as the last RBG (e.g., with the highest index). Assuming the number is the same as above, a carrier could have 8 RBGs (7 RBGs have 16 RBs, 1 RBG has 24 RBs) or 9 RBGs (8 RBGs have 16 RBs, 1 RBG has 8 RBs). Example 1: Each carrier has 8 RBGs (7 RBGs have 16 RBs, 1 RBG has 24 RBs), start=0, length=7; RBs on the first carrier are 0-111. Example 2: Each carrier has 8 RBGs (7 RBGs have 16 RBs, 1 RBG has 24 RBs), start=0, length=8; RBs on the first carrier are 0-135. Example 3: Each carrier has 8 RBGs (7 RBGs have 16 RBs, 1 RBG has 24 RBs), start=0, length=9; RB 0-151, that is, RB 0-135 on the first carrier and RB 0-15 on the second carrier.

[0040] Figure 2A radio node, specifically a wireless device or terminal 10 or a UE (User Equipment), is schematically illustrated. Radio node 10 includes processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of radio node 10 (e.g., a communication module or a determination module) may be implemented in and / or executed by processing circuitry 20 specifically as a module in the controller. Radio node 10 also includes radio circuitry 22, which provides receiving and transmitting or transceiver functions (e.g., one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), connected to or connectable to the processing circuitry. Antenna circuitry 24 of radio node 10 is connected to or connectable to radio circuitry 22 to acquire or transmit and / or amplify signals. Radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 controlling it are configured for cellular communication with a network (e.g., a RAN as described herein), and / or for sidelink communication (which may be within or outside the coverage area of ​​the cellular network; and / or may be considered non-cellular communication and / or associated with a non-cellular wireless communication network). Radio node 10 can generally be adapted to perform any of the methods disclosed herein for operating a radio node (e.g., a terminal or UE); specifically, it may include corresponding circuitry (e.g., processing circuitry) and / or modules (e.g., software modules). Radio node 10 can be considered to include and / or be connected to or be connectable to a power source. DFE can be considered as part of the radio circuitry; the analog front end can be associated with the radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry.

[0041] Figure 3A radio node 100 is schematically shown, which may be specifically implemented as a network node 100, such as an eNB or gNB, or a similar node for NR. The radio node 100 includes processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 120, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of node 100 (e.g., a transmit module and / or a receive module and / or a configuration module) may be implemented in and / or executed by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry 120 is connected to a control radio circuitry 122 of node 100, which provides receiver and transmitter and / or transceiver functions (e.g., including one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers). Antenna circuitry 124 may be connected to or may be connected to the radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmission and / or amplification. Node 100 may be adapted to perform any of the methods disclosed herein for operating a radio node or network node; specifically, it may include corresponding circuitry (e.g., processing circuitry) and / or modules. Antenna circuitry 124 may be connected to and / or include an antenna array. Node 100 and its circuitry may be adapted to perform any of the methods described herein for operating a network node or radio node; specifically, it may include corresponding circuitry (e.g., processing circuitry) and / or modules. Radio node 100 may typically include communication circuitry, for example, for communicating with another network node (such as a radio node) and / or with a core network and / or the Internet or local network (particularly with information systems), which can provide information and / or data to be transmitted to user equipment. DFE may be considered as part of the radio circuitry; an analog front-end may be associated with the radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry.

[0042] Generally, wireless devices and / or network nodes can operate in TDD mode, and / or communication signaling can operate in TDD mode. It should be noted that signaling transmissions from the transmitting source can be synchronous and simultaneous; time shifts may occur due to different propagation times (e.g., due to different beams and / or source locations).

[0043] A data block can refer to a transport block, a code block, or a code block bundle. A code block may include and / or represent multiple (information) bits that represent information (e.g., data or control information), which may be associated with bits used for error detection coding (e.g., CRC), and / or may also include bits used for error detection coding (e.g., CRC). The bits used for error detection coding may be determined based on the (information) bits, and / or may be error detection bits used for these (information) bits. A code block bundle may include one or more code blocks; wherein each code block may be associated with a code block bundle, and / or include error correction bits. The error correction bits in a code block bundle may each relate to the associated code block; the error correction bits may be specific to only one code block, for example, determined based only on the bits of only one code block. Different bits and / or bit groups may be associated with different code blocks. The error correction bits associated with a code block may be associated with a single code block; this may refer to error correction bits indicating the correctness / incorrectness of a single code block, and / or be calculated and / or determined based only on the (information) bits of a single code block. Information bits can represent, for example, data and / or control information associated with a data channel (data information / bit) and / or a control channel (control information / bit). A code block bundle can be a data block without error correction coding and involves more than one code block. A transport block can include error correction coding involving multiple code blocks, for example, overriding the code blocks it includes. A transport block can include one or more code blocks. It can be considered that a data block can be associated with, undergo, and / or correspond to one or a single acknowledgment process (e.g., a specific HARQ process), which can correspond to and / or be represented by a HARQ identifier. A code block can correspond to a sub-pattern of an acknowledgment information bit pattern. In some cases, for example, if there is an acknowledgment process for each code block of a data block, the data block can correspond to and / or involve and / or undergo multiple acknowledgment processes. A data block may include and / or represent information bits, which may be data bits (e.g., user data) and / or control information bits; these information bits may be associated with one or more data or control channels (e.g., transport channels and / or logical channels), and / or may be mapped to a specific and / or single physical channel (specifically, a physical data channel), or in some cases mapped to a physical control channel (in which case it may or may not be associated with a higher-layer channel (such as a transport channel or a logical channel)). A data block may represent bits intended for transmission, such as encapsulating one or more higher-layer data packets (e.g., one or more MAC layer data packets), such as one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or SDUs (Service Data Units); error correction bits (e.g., CRC); which may be added during physical layer processing. The bits of a data block can be considered to undergo physical layer processing (e.g., encoding) (e.g., forward error coding and / or adding error correction coding) and / or rate matching and / or scrambling, and / or modulation. Modulation may correspond to, for example, mapping the bits of the processed data block to modulation symbols according to a modulation scheme and / or modulation space.Modulation symbols can be represented as bit sequences until they undergo analog conversion (and vice versa for reception).

[0044] Wireless devices typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, specifically receivers and / or transceivers and / or transmitters, for performing measurements and / or controlling beam switching and / or controlling beamforming and / or receiving and / or transmitting signaling (such as communication signaling). Wireless devices can be specifically implemented as terminals or user equipment. However, in some cases, such as in relay and / or reverse link and / or IAB scenarios, it can be implemented as a network node or a network radio node. Network nodes typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, specifically receivers and / or transceivers and / or transmitters, for transmitting reference signaling and / or beam switching indications and / or for beam switching and / or controlling beam switching and / or controlling beamforming and / or receiving and / or transmitting signaling (such as communication signaling). Radio nodes can be specifically implemented as network nodes, such as network radio nodes and / or base stations or relay nodes or IAB nodes. However, in some cases, such as in sidelink scenarios, a second radio node can be implemented as a wireless device or terminal, such as user equipment.

[0045] Generally, an allocation unit or block symbol can represent and / or correspond to an extension in the time domain, such as a time interval. The duration of a block symbol or allocation unit (the length of the time interval) can correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol or a corresponding duration, and / or can be based on the subcarrier spacing used and / or defined by it (e.g., based on a parameter set) or equivalents, and / or can correspond to the duration of a modulation symbol (e.g., for signaling in OFDM or similar frequency-domain multiplexing types). It can be considered that a block symbol or allocation unit can include multiple modulation symbols, for example, based on subcarrier spacing and / or a parameter set or equivalents, specifically, for signaling of a time-domain multiplexing type (at the symbol level of a single transmitter) such as single-carrier-based signaling, e.g., SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (specifically, FDF-SC-FDMA or pulsed SC-FDMA)). The number of symbols can be based on the number of subcarriers to be extended by DFTS (for SC-FDMA) and / or defined by them and / or based on, for example, the number of FFT samples used for extension and / or mapping and / or equivalents, and / or can be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A block symbol or allocation unit in this context can include and / or contain multiple individual modulation symbols, which can be, for example, 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. The number of modulation symbols in a block symbol can be based on and / or depend on the bandwidth scheduled for the transmission of signaling in the block symbol. The number of block symbols and / or blocks (integers less than 20, such as equal to or less than 14, 7, 4, 2, or flexible numbers) can be a unit for scheduling and / or allocating resources (e.g., allocation unit), particularly in the time domain. For (e.g., scheduled or allocated) block symbols and / or block symbol groups and / or allocation units, there can be associated frequency ranges and / or frequency domain allocations and / or bandwidth allocated for transmissions.

[0046] Allocation units and / or block symbols can be associated with a specific (e.g., physical) channel and / or a specific type of signaling (e.g., reference signaling). In some cases, there may be block symbols associated with a channel that are also associated with the form of reference signaling and / or pilot signaling and / or tracking signaling associated with that channel, for example for timing and / or decoding purposes (such signaling may include a small number of resource elements of modulation symbols and / or block symbols, e.g., less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1% of the resource elements in modulation symbols and / or block symbols). For a block symbol, there may be associated resource elements; resource elements can be represented in the time / frequency domain, for example, by the smallest frequency unit carried or mapped (e.g., subcarrier) in the frequency domain and the duration of the modulation symbol in the time domain. A block symbol may include a structure, and / or a structure associated with the block symbol, that allows and / or includes: multiple modulation symbols, and / or association with one or more channels (and / or the structure may depend on the channels associated with and / or allocated or used by the block symbol), and / or (e.g., as discussed above) reference signaling, and / or one or more guard periods and / or transient periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g., prefixes and / or suffixes and / or one or more infixes (introduced within the block symbol)), specifically cyclic prefixes and / or suffixes and / or infixes. Cyclic affixes may represent repetitions of signaling and / or modulation symbols used in the block symbol, with possible minor modifications to the signaling structure of the affix to provide a smooth and / or continuous and / or distinguishable connection between the affix signaling and the modulation symbol signaling (e.g., channel and / or reference signaling structure) associated with the content of the block symbol. In some cases, specifically in the case of some OFDM-based waveforms, affixes may be included in the modulation symbols. In other cases, such as some single-carrier-based waveforms, affixes can be represented by a sequence of modulation symbols within a block symbol. It can be considered that, in some cases, block symbols are defined and / or used within the context of the associated structure.

[0047] Communication may include transmitting or receiving. Communication (such as transmitting signaling) can be considered as being based on SC-FDM-based waveforms and / or corresponding to frequency-domain filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM waveforms. However, these methods can be applied to single-carrier-based waveforms, such as SC-FDM or SC-FDE waveforms, which can be pulse-shaped / FDF-based. It should be noted that SC-FDM can be considered as DFT-extended OFDM, thus SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM can be used interchangeably. Alternatively or additionally, signaling (e.g., first signaling and / or second signaling) and / or beams (particularly first receive beams and / or second receive beams) can be based on waveforms with CP or comparable guard times. The receive and transmit beams of the first beam pair can have the same (or similar) or different angular and / or spatial spreads; the receive and transmit beams of the second beam pair can have the same (or similar) or different angular and / or spatial spreads. It can be assumed that the receiving beam and / or transmitting beam of the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair have an angular spread of at least 20 degrees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 degrees or 5 degrees or less in the horizontal or vertical direction or both; different beams may have different angular spreads. The extended guard interval or switching guard interval may have a duration corresponding to substantially or at least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent durations, where N may be 2, 3, or 4. The equivalent duration of the CP duration may represent the CP duration associated with signaling having a CP (e.g., SC-FDM based or OFDM based), since waveforms without a CP have the same or similar symbol durations as signaling with a CP. Pulse shaping (and / or performing FDF) on modulation symbols and / or signaling associated with, for example, a first subcarrier or bandwidth can include mapping modulation symbols (and / or samples associated with them after the FFT) to an associated second subcarrier or portion of the bandwidth, and / or applying shaping operations with respect to the power and / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbols on the first and second subcarriers, wherein the shaping operations can be based on a shaping function. Pulse shaping signaling can include pulse shaping of one or more symbols; pulse shaping signaling typically includes at least one symbol to be pulse shaped. Pulse shaping can be performed based on a Nyquist filter. It can be considered that pulse shaping is based on periodically extending the frequency distribution of modulation symbols (and / or associated samples after the FFT) on a first number of subcarriers to a larger second number of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers from one end of the frequency distribution is appended to the other end of the first number of subcarriers.

[0048] In some variations, communication can be based on a set of parameters (which may be represented, for example, by subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length and correspond to and / or indicate subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length) and / or based on SC-FDM waveforms (including FDF-DFTS-FDM waveforms) or single-carrier waveforms; whether pulse shaping or FDF is used for SC-FDM or SC-based waveforms may depend on the modulation scheme used (e.g., MCS). Such waveforms may utilize cyclic prefixes and / or particularly benefit from the methods described. Communication may include and / or be based on beamforming, for example, transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming, respectively. Beamforming can be considered to be generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam, for example, a beam corresponding to a reference beam. Therefore, signaling can be adjusted, for example, based on the movement of a communication partner. For example, beamforming can be generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a reference beam. This allows for efficient post-processing of digitally formed beams without changing the digital beamforming chain and / or without changing the criteria defining the beamforming precoder. Generally, beamforming can be generated, for example, based on a precoder via hybrid beamforming and / or digital beamforming. This facilitates easy beam handling and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADCs / DCAs required by the antenna setup. It can be considered that beamforming is generated via hybrid beamforming (e.g., by performing analog beamforming on a beam representation or based on digital beamforming). Monitoring and / or performing cell searches can be based on receive beamforming, such as analog or digital or hybrid receive beamforming. A parameter set can determine the length of the symbol time interval and / or the duration of the cyclic prefix. The methods described herein are particularly well-suited for SC-FDM to ensure orthogonality in the corresponding system, especially subcarrier orthogonality, but can also be used with other waveforms. Communication may include utilizing a waveform with a cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix can be based on a parameter set and can help maintain signaling orthogonality. Communication may include and / or be based on performing, for example, cell searches for wireless devices or terminals, or may include transmitting cell identification signaling and / or selection indications, based on which a radio node receiving the selection indication can select a signaling bandwidth from a set of signaling bandwidths to perform a cell search.

[0049] A beam or beam pair can typically be directed to a single radio node, a group of radio nodes, and / or an area comprising one or more radio nodes. In many cases, a beam or beam pair can be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific), such that each beam / beam pair serves only one radio node. Beam pair switching, or switching of receive beams (e.g., by using different receive beams) and / or switching of transmit beams, can be performed at the boundaries of the transmission timing structure (e.g., time slot boundaries) or within a time slot (e.g., between symbols). Some form of tuning can be performed, for example, to the radio circuitry used for receiving and / or transmitting. Beam pair switching can include switching from a second receive beam to a first receive beam, and / or switching from a second transmit beam to a first transmit beam. Switching can include inserting guard periods to cover retuning times; however, the circuitry can be adapted to switch sufficiently quickly, to be substantially instantaneous; this is especially likely when digital receive beamforming is used to switch receive beams for receiving beam switching purposes.

[0050] A reference beam (or reference signaling beam) can be a beam that includes reference signaling, based on which one of the beam signaling characteristics can be determined (e.g., measured and / or estimated). The signaling beam can include signaling such as control signaling and / or data signaling and / or reference signaling. The reference beam can be transmitted by a source radio node or a transmitting radio node, in which case one or more beam signaling characteristics can be reported from a receiver (e.g., a wireless device) to the source radio node or the transmitting radio node. However, in some cases, a radio node can receive a reference beam from another radio node or wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signaling characteristics can be determined by the radio node. The signaling beam can be a transmitted beam or a received beam. The set of signaling characteristics can include multiple subsets of beam signaling characteristics, each subset associated with a different reference beam. Therefore, a reference beam can be associated with different beam signaling characteristics.

[0051] Beam signaling characteristics (various sets of these characteristics) can represent and / or indicate the signal strength and / or signal quality and / or delay characteristics of a beam, and / or be associated with receive signaling and / or measurement signaling carried on the beam. Beam signaling characteristics and / or delay characteristics can specifically relate to and / or indicate the number and / or list and / or order of beams with optimal (e.g., lowest average delay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread, and / or the number and / or list and / or order of beams with the strongest and / or best quality, which are associated, for example, with delay spread. Beam signaling characteristics can be based on measurements performed on reference signaling carried on a reference beam associated with them. This measurement can be performed by a radio node or another node or wireless device. Using reference signaling can improve the accuracy and / or metrology of measurements. In some cases, beams and / or beam pairs can be represented by beam identification indications (e.g., beam or beam pair numbers). This indication can be represented by one or more signaling sequences (e.g., specific reference signaling sequences or sequences) and / or signaling characteristics and / or resources used (e.g., time / frequency and / or code) and / or specific RNTIs (e.g., CRC scrambling for some messages or transmissions) that can be transmitted on the beam and / or beam pair, and / or by information provided in the signaling on the beam and / or beam pair (e.g., control signaling and / or system signaling) (e.g., encoded and / or provided in the information field or as a message in some form of signaling (e.g., DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signaling)).

[0052] A reference beam can typically be one of a set of reference beams, with a second set of reference beams associated with that signaling beam set. The associated set can refer to at least one beam in a first set associated with and / or corresponding to the second set (and vice versa), for example, based on it, such as by having the same analog or digital beamforming parameters and / or pre-encoder and / or the same shape before analog beamforming, and / or a modified form thereof, such as by performing additional analog beamforming. This set of signaling beams can be referred to as the first beam set, and the corresponding set of reference beams can be referred to as the second beam set.

[0053] In some variations, a reference beam and / or multiple reference beams and / or reference signaling may correspond to and / or carry random access signaling, such as a random access preamble. This reference beam or signaling may be transmitted by another radio node. The signaling may indicate which beam is used for transmission. Alternatively, the reference beam may be the beam that receives the random access signaling. The random access signaling may be used for initial connection to the radio node and / or the cell provided by the radio node, and / or for reconnection. Utilizing random access signaling facilitates rapid and early beam selection. For example, based on broadcast information provided by the radio node (the radio node performing beam selection), random access signaling may be used on the random access channel, such as using synchronization signaling (e.g., an SSB block and / or associated with that SSB block). The reference signaling may correspond to, for example, synchronization signaling transmitted by the radio node in multiple beams. For example, these characteristics can be reported, for instance, during random access by a node that receives synchronization signaling (e.g., msg3 for contention resolution, which can be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channel based on resource allocation provided by the radio node).

[0054] Delay characteristics (which may correspond to delay spread information) and / or measurement reports may represent and / or indicate at least one of the following: average delay, and / or delay spread, and / or delay distribution, and / or delay spread distribution, and / or delay spread range, and / or relative delay spread, and / or energy (or power) distribution, and / or impulse response to received signaling, and / or power delay distribution of the received signal, and / or power delay distribution of the received signal related parameters. Average delay may represent the average and / or mean of the delay spread, which may be weighted or unweighted. Distribution may be, for example, the distribution of received power and / or energy of the signal over time / delay. Range may indicate intervals of the delay spread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of the delay spread corresponding to received energy or power, such as 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% or more, or 100%. Relative delay spread can indicate the relationship to a threshold delay, such as the average delay, and / or the offset relative to the expected and / or configured timing (e.g., the timing of signaling already anticipated based on scheduling), and / or the relationship to the cyclic prefix duration (which can be considered in the form of a threshold). Energy or power distribution can refer to the energy or power received within the time interval of the delay spread. Power delay distribution can refer to a representation of the received signal or received signal energy / power across time / delay. Power delay distribution related parameters can refer to metrics calculated from the power delay distribution. A wide range of capabilities can be achieved using different values ​​and different forms of delay spread information and / or reports. For example, using measurement configurations and / or reference signaling configurations, particularly using higher-layer signaling (such as RRC or MAC signaling) and / or physical-layer signaling (such as DCI signaling), the type of information represented by the measurement report can be predefined, configured, or configurable.

[0055] Generally, different beam pairs may have at least one different beam; for example, a beam pair using a first receive beam and a first transmit beam can be considered different from a second beam pair using a first receive beam and a second transmit beam. A transmit beam that does not use precoding and / or beamforming (e.g., using a natural antenna distribution) can be considered a special form of the transmit beam of a transmit beam pair. The transmitter can indicate the beam to the radio node using beam pointing and / or configuration, which may indicate, for example, beam parameters, and / or time / frequency resources associated with the beam, and / or transmission mode associated with the beam, and / or antenna distribution, and / or antenna ports, and / or precoder. Different beams can provide different content; for example, different receive beams can carry different signaling. However, it is possible to consider different beams carrying the same signaling (e.g., the same data signaling and / or reference signaling). The beam can be transmitted by the same node and / or transmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or by different nodes and / or transmission points and / or antenna arrangements.

[0056] Communication using beam pairs or beams can include receiving signaling on a receiving beam (which may be one beam in a beam pair), and / or transmitting signaling on a beam (e.g., one beam in a beam pair). The following terms will be interpreted from the perspective of the radio node in question: a receiving beam can be a beam carrying signaling received by the radio node (for receiving, the radio node may use, for example, a receiving beam oriented towards the receiving beam, or a non-beamformed beam). A transmitting beam can be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signaling. A beam pair can consist of a receiving beam and a transmitting beam. For example, at least under stationary or nearly stationary conditions, the transmitting and receiving beams of a beam pair can be associated with and / or correspond to each other, for example, such that signaling on the receiving beam and signaling on the transmitting beam propagate along substantially the same path (but in opposite directions). It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" do not necessarily indicate temporal order; the second signaling may be received and / or transmitted before or in some cases simultaneously with the first signaling, and vice versa. For example, in TDD operation, the receive and transmit beams of a beam pair can operate on the same carrier, frequency range, or bandwidth portion; however, variations with FDD can also be considered. Different beam pairs can operate on the same frequency range, carrier, or bandwidth portion (e.g., the transmit beam operates on the same frequency range, carrier, or bandwidth portion, and the receive beam operates on the same frequency range, carrier, or bandwidth portion (the transmit and receive beams can operate on the same or different ranges, carriers, or BWPs)). Communication using the first beam pair and / or the first beam can be based on and / or include switching from the second beam pair or the second beam to the first beam pair or the first beam for communication. This switching can be controlled by the network (e.g., a network node, which can be the source or transmitter of the receive beam of the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair, or associated with it, e.g., an associated transmission point or node in a dual-connectivity network)). Such control can include transmitting control signaling, such as physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling. In some cases, such as based on measurements of the signal quality and / or signal strength of beam pairs (specifically, the first and / or second beam pairs), the switching can be performed by the radio node without additional control signaling. For example, if the signal quality or signal strength measured for the second beam pair (or the second beam) is deemed insufficient and / or worse than indicated by the corresponding measurement for the first beam pair, a switch to the first beam pair (or the first beam) may be made. The measurements performed on the beam pair (or beam) may specifically include measurements performed on the received beams of the beam pair. It is conceivable that a timing indication can be determined before switching from the second beam pair to the first beam pair for communication. Therefore, when communication begins using the first beam pair or the first beam, this synchronization can be in place and / or the timing indication can be used for synchronization.However, in some cases, timing indication can be determined after switching to the first beam pair or the first beam. This can be particularly useful if it is desired to receive the first signaling only after the switch, for example, based on the periodicity or scheduling timing of appropriate reference signaling on the first beam pair (e.g., the first receive beam). Generally, the receive beam of a node can be associated with and / or correspond to the transmit beam of that node, for example, such that the (spatial) receive angle of the receive beam and the (spatial) transmit angle of the transmit beam at least partially, or substantially or completely overlap and / or coincide, especially for TDD operation and / or frequency-independent. In some cases, spatial correspondences between beams can be considered, for example, such that a beam pair (e.g., the transmit beam of a transmitting node and the receive beam of a receiving node) can be considered to include corresponding beams (e.g., based on threshold signal quality and / or signal strength and / or measurements, the receive beam is suitable for receiving transmissions on the transmit beam and / or is the optimal beam for receiving transmissions on the transmit beam); for each such beam, there can be associated or corresponding complementary beams of the corresponding nodes (e.g., for the transmit beam of a beam pair, there can be the receive beam of the associated transmitting node; and / or for the receive beam of a beam pair, there can be the transmit beam of the associated receiving node); if these beams (e.g., at least substantially or substantially) overlap (e.g., in spatial angles), then in some cases, a beam pair can be considered to indicate four beams (or actually, two beam pairs).

[0057] In some cases, one or more beams, signals, or signaling may be associated with a quasi-co-located (QCL) characteristic or set of characteristics, or QCL class (also referred to as QCL type), or QCL identifier; such shared beams, signals, or signaling can be considered quasi-co-located. Quasi-co-located beams, signals, or signaling can be (e.g., a receiver) considered to be the same beam or originating from the same transmitter or transmission source, at least in terms of QCL characteristics or sets, classes, or identifiers, and / or sharing these characteristics. QCL characteristics can relate to signaling propagation, and / or one or more delay characteristics, and / or path loss, and / or signal quality, and / or signal strength, and / or beam orientation, and / or beam shape (specifically, angles or regions, such as coverage area), and / or Doppler shift, and / or Doppler spread, and / or delay spread, and / or time synchronization, and / or frequency synchronization, and / or one or more other parameters, such as those relating to propagation channel and / or spatial RX parameters (which can refer to the receive beam and / or transmit beam, such as shape, coverage area, or orientation). QCL characteristics can relate to a specific channel (e.g., a physical layer channel such as a control channel or data channel) and / or reference signaling type and / or antenna port. Different QCL categories or types can relate to different QCL characteristics or sets of characteristics; a QCL category can define and / or relate to one or more criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges such that one or more QCL characteristic beams must satisfy the condition that they are considered quasi-co-located according to that category; a QCL identifier can refer to and / or indicate that all beams are quasi-co-located according to a QCL category. Different categories can relate to the same characteristic (e.g., different categories can have different criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges for one or more characteristics) and / or one or more different characteristics. A QCL indication can be considered a form of beam indication, for example, relating to all beams belonging to a QCL category and / or QCL identifier and / or quasi-co-located beams. A QCL identifier can be indicated by a QCL indication. In some cases, beams and / or beam indications can be considered to refer to and / or represent a QCL identifier, and / or represent quasi-co-located beams, signals, or signaling.

[0058] Multilayer transmission (multilayer transmission) can refer to the simultaneous transmission of communication signaling and / or reference signaling in one or more beams, and / or the use of multiple transmission sources, for example, controlled by a network node or a wireless device. These layers can refer to transport layers; a layer can be considered to represent a data or signaling stream. Different layers can carry different data and / or data streams, for example, to increase data throughput. In some cases, the same data or data stream can be transmitted on different layers, for example, to improve reliability. Multilayer transmission can provide diversity, such as transport diversity and / or spatial diversity. Multilayer transmission can be considered to include two or more layers; the number of transport layers can be represented by rank or a rank indicator.

[0059] A transmitting source may specifically include an antenna or an antenna element group or an antenna subarray or an antenna array or a transmission point or a TRP or TP (transmission point) or an access point and / or be represented by and / or associated with it. In some cases, a transmitting source may represent or be represented by and / or correspond to and / or be associated with an antenna port or transmission layer, for example, for multilayer transmission. Different transmitting sources may specifically include different and / or individually controllable antenna elements or (sub)arrays, and / or be associated with different antenna ports. Specifically, analog beamforming can be used to perform individual analog control on different transmitting sources. An antenna port may indicate the transmitting source and / or one or more transmission parameters, particularly reference signaling associated with the antenna port. Specifically, the transmission parameters relate to and / or indicate the frequency domain distribution or mapping of the modulation symbols for reference signaling (e.g., which comb and / or which subcarrier or frequency offset to use), and / or which cyclic shift to use (e.g., shifting elements of the modulation symbol sequence, root sequence, or sequence based on or derived from the root sequence), and / or which overlay code to use (e.g., shifting elements of the modulation symbol sequence, root sequence, or sequence based on or derived from the root sequence). In some cases, such as if the transmitting source is implemented as a TRP or AP (Access Point), it can represent the receiving target.

[0060] In some variations, reference signaling may be and / or include, for example, CSI-RS and / or PT-RS and / or DMRS transmitted by a network node. In other variations, reference signaling may be transmitted by the UE, for example, to a network node or other UEs, in which case it may include and / or probe reference signaling. Other (e.g., new) forms of reference signaling may be considered and / or used. Generally, the modulation symbols of the reference signaling, each carrying its resource elements, may be associated with a cyclic prefix.

[0061] Data signaling can be on a data channel, such as on PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel (e.g., a URLLC channel) for low latency and / or high reliability. Control signaling can be on a control channel, such as on a common control channel, PDCCH, or PSCCH, and / or include one or more DCI or SCI messages. Reference signaling can be associated with control signaling and / or data signaling (e.g., DM-RS and / or PT-RS).

[0062] For example, reference signaling may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or synchronization signaling and / or probe signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling, particularly CSI-RS. Reference signaling can typically be signaling with one or more signaling characteristics (specifically, the sequence of transmit power and / or modulation symbols and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution known to the receiver). Therefore, the receiver can use reference signaling as a reference and / or for training and / or for compensation. The receiver may be notified of reference signaling by the transmitter, for example, signaling that is being configured and / or signaled with control signaling, particularly physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC signaling), and / or may determine the corresponding information itself, for example, configuring the UE as a network node to transmit reference signaling. Reference signaling may be signaling that includes one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signaling can be adapted to measure and / or estimate and / or represent transmission conditions, such as channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal or transmission) quality. It can be assumed that the transmission characteristics of the reference signaling (e.g., signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) are available to both the transmitter and receiver of the signaling (e.g., due to being predefined and / or configured or configurable and / or communicated). Different types of reference signaling can be considered, such as those involving uplink, downlink, or sidelink; cell-specific (particularly cell-wide, e.g., CRS) or device or user-specific (for a specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS); demodulation-dependent (e.g., DMRS); and / or signal strength-dependent, such as power-dependent or energy-dependent or amplitude-dependent (e.g., SRS or pilot signaling); and / or phase-dependent, etc.

[0063] References to specific resource structures (such as allocation units and / or block symbols and / or block symbol groups and / or transmission timing structures and / or symbols and / or time slots and / or mini-time slots and / or subcarriers and / or carriers) may refer to specific sets of parameters, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. Transmission timing structures may represent time intervals that may cover one or more symbols. Some examples of transmission timing structures are Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs), subframes, time slots, and mini-time slots. A time slot may include a predetermined (e.g., predefined and / or configured or configurable) number of symbols (e.g., 6, 7, 12, or 14). A mini-time slot may include a number of symbols less than the number of symbols in a time slot (which may be specifically configurable or specifically configured), specifically 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more symbols, such as fewer symbols than in a time slot. Transmission timing structures may cover time intervals of a specific length, which may depend on the symbol time length and / or cyclic prefix used. Transmission timing structures can involve and / or cover specific time intervals in a time stream, for example, that are synchronized for communication. Timing structures used and / or scheduled for transmission (e.g., time slots and / or mini-time slots) can be scheduled with respect to timing structures provided and / or defined by other transmission timing structures, and / or synchronized to timing structures provided and / or defined by other transmission timing structures. Such transmission timing structures can define timing grids, which, for example, have symbol time intervals representing the smallest timing unit within each structure. Such timing grids can be defined, for example, by time slots or subframes (wherein, in some cases, a subframe can be considered a specific variant of a time slot). In addition to the cyclic prefixes / multiple cyclic prefixes used, transmission timing structures may also have durations (time lengths) determined based on the duration of their symbols. Symbols in a transmission timing structure can have the same duration, or in some variants, different durations. The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure can be predefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or can depend on a set of parameters. The timing of mini-time slots is typically configurable or configurable, specifically, configured or configurable by the network and / or network nodes. The timing can be configured to begin and / or end at any symbol of the transmission timing structure (specifically, one or more time slots).

[0064] Transmission quality parameters can typically correspond to the number of retransmissions R and / or the total number of transmissions T, and / or coding (e.g., the number of coded bits, such as for error detection coding and / or error correction coding (e.g., FEC coding)) and / or code rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission power level (e.g., minimum level and / or target level and / or basic power level PO and / or transmission power control command TPC, step size) and / or signal quality, such as SNR and / or SIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density. Signaling sequences (e.g., signaling sequences of allocation units and / or block symbols and / or symbol time intervals, and / or signaling sequences carried on allocation units and / or block symbols and / or symbol time intervals, or more than one signaling sequence) can be based on sequence roots, such as root sequences and / or root parameters and / or root indices and / or seeds. A sequence root can typically represent or indicate the basis used to derive or determine a signaling sequence; the root can be associated with and / or directly represent the sequence, and / or indicate or represent the base sequence and / or seed. Examples of sequence roots can include the Zadoff Chu root sequence, a sequence seed (e.g., the seed of the Gold sequence), or the Golay complement sequence. The signaling sequence can be derived from or is derived from the sequence root, and / or is based on the sequence root, for example, on a code that can represent a shift, operation, or processing of the root sequence or a sequence indicated by the sequence root, for example, to provide a signaling sequence; the signaling sequence can be based on such a shifted, processed, or manipulated root sequence. The code can specifically represent cyclic shifts and / or phase shifts and / or phase increments (e.g., their magnitudes). The code can assign an operation or shift to each allocation unit.

[0065] Generally, the signaling sequence associated with an allocation unit (and / or multiple allocation units) associated with control signaling (and / or reference signaling) can be based on a root sequence, which can be an M-sequence or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a Gold sequence or a Golay sequence, or other sequences with suitable characteristics regarding correlation and / or interference (e.g., self-interference and / or interference to other or adjacent transmitters). Different sequences can be used as root sequences for different signaling sequences, or the same sequence can be used. If different sequences are used, they can belong to the same type (e.g., Gold, Golay, M-, or Zadoff-Chu). The (signaling and / or root) sequence can correspond to or can be a time-domain sequence, such as a time-domain Zadoff-Chu sequence and / or a time-domain M-sequence.

[0066] In some cases, a shifted object (such as a signal, sequence, or information) can be shifted, for example, relative to a previous object (e.g., the object being shifted, and using a shifted version) or relative to another object (e.g., an object associated with one signaling or allocation unit can be shifted to another object associated with a second signaling or allocation unit, or both can be used). One possible shifting method is to encode its operation, for example, by multiplying each element of the shifted object by a factor. Incrementing (e.g., multiplying by a monotonically increasing or periodic factor) can be considered an example of shifting. Another shifting method is cyclic shifting in a domain or interval. Cyclic shifting (or circular shifting) can correspond to a rearrangement of the elements in the shifted object, equivalent to moving the last element to the first position while moving all other elements to the next position, or by performing the inverse operation (such that, as a result, the shifted object will have the same elements as the shifted object, but in a similar shifted order). Shifting can often be specific to an interval in a domain, such as an allocation unit in the time domain or a bandwidth in the frequency domain. For example, shifting a signal or modulation symbol within a distribution unit can be considered, thereby changing the order of the modulation symbols or signal within the distribution unit. In another example, the distribution unit can be shifted, for example, over a larger time interval, which can keep the signal within the distribution unit constant relative to a single distribution unit, but may change the order of the distribution units. The domain of the shift can be, for example, the time domain and / or the phase domain and / or the frequency domain. Multiple shifts can be performed in the same domain or different domains and / or the same interval or different intervals (e.g., intervals of different sizes).

[0067] Reference signaling can be of different types. Types of reference signaling may include synchronization signaling and / or DM-RS (for facilitating demodulation of associated data signaling and / or control signaling) and / or PT-RS (for facilitating phase tracking of associated data signaling and / or control signaling, e.g., within a time interval, symbol, or allocation unit carrying such signaling) and / or CSI-RS (e.g., for channel estimation and / or reporting). PT-RS can be inserted into a bit sequence or modulation symbol sequence capable of representing data. For example, PT-RS can be mapped onto a subcarrier of a symbol that also carries data symbols. Therefore, PT-RS insertion can be optimized for hardware implementation. In some cases, PT-RS can be modulated differently and / or independently from the modulation symbols representing data (or data bits).

[0068] Comb structures, or shorter ones, can indicate the distribution or periodic arrangement of reference signaling, particularly in the frequency space, such as between high and low frequencies. A comb structure can involve an OFDMA symbol and / or an SC-FDMA symbol and / or a (same) symbol time interval and / or an allocation unit. A comb structure can have a width or size N, and / or can involve a specific signaling and / or a certain type of signaling (e.g., a certain reference signaling) and / or be associated with it. The width N can indicate how many empty subcarriers (e.g., the number could be N-1) are between (e.g., non-adjacent) subcarriers carrying signaling elements, signals, or symbols, or how many empty and non-empty subcarriers form a recurring pattern in the frequency domain. Generally, each comb structure can indicate that at least one empty subcarrier will be between non-empty subcarriers. In this context, "empty" can refer to the "empty" aspect of the pattern or distribution of signaling associated with the comb structure (and "non-empty" can refer to a subcarrier carrying elements or symbols of associated signaling); in some cases, other signaling (which may also have a comb structure) can be carried on empty subcarriers, which are transmitted, for example, using other transmission sources and / or other devices, and / or mapped into the comb structure (e.g., for a DMRS comb structure, data signaling can be mapped onto subcarriers that do not carry DMRS).

[0069] A comb structure is typically described as follows: for every Nth (N may be an integer) resource element and / or subcarrier, an element of a reference signal or reference signaling sequence (and / or an element representing the reference signaling, and / or an element upon which the reference signaling is based) is mapped to that resource element and / or subcarrier, and / or represented by the signaling, specifically, an element of a modulation symbol sequence (symbol) or a sequence of elements. N may be referred to as the width of the comb structure. Generally, a comb structure can indicate the periodicity of a pattern within the frequency range of the reference signaling. This pattern can specifically involve a reference signal and / or a resource element or subcarrier used to transmit the reference signal, such that the comb structure can be considered to indicate, at every Nth resource element (specifically, only this one) and / or subcarrier, the presence of an element of the reference signal or associated sequence, and / or how many resource elements and / or subcarriers are present between the resource elements and / or subcarriers of the reference signal. However, variations in which the pattern represents more than one reference signal can be considered. This pattern can also typically represent and / or indicate one or more empty signals and / or one or more data signals (associated with resource elements and / or subcarriers, respectively). For each comb or comb structure with a width or size of N, there can be N or f(N) different available comb structures. For example, when N=2, there can be two combs that are shifted by one or an odd number of subcarriers or PRBs in the frequency space (e.g., based on frequency domain offset or subcarrier offset). A comb structure or comb with a width or size of N can be indicated as an N-comb. A particular comb of that width can be numbered within N. For example, for a 2-comb, there can be comb 1 (or C1) and comb 2 (or C2) that can be shifted relative to each other, e.g., coincident, such that all subcarriers covered by the two combs carry signaling (alternatingly associated with C1 and C2 in the frequency domain).

[0070] A comb may include two or more (e.g., at least three or at least four) repetitions of a pattern. The comb structure may indicate references and / or indications, such as resource elements and / or subcarriers, which may be related to upper and / or lower frequency limits, relating to the frequency arrangement and / or location of the first pattern, and / or the relative frequency shift of the pattern and / or comb. Generally, a comb structure may cover at least a portion, and / or at least most, and / or substantially all or all of the resource elements and / or subcarriers, and / or the symbol. A comb structure may be a combination of two comb structures, specifically a comb structure having a pattern that includes only one reference signal. The comb structure may be determined and / or modified prior to transmission, for example, based on other reference signaling to be transmitted on different antenna ports. In this case, the reference signal may be replaced with a null signal to avoid overlap and / or interference. Generally, if other reference signaling also utilizes a comb structure, it may be considered to determine a different / new comb (as a combination of combs), which, for example, has a lower density of reference signal distribution and / or a different / wider pattern. Alternatively or additionally, combs can be combined to increase the reference signal density, for example, by combining combs with different widths and / or with shift offsets.

[0071] Generally speaking, comb-like structures can represent and / or include and / or contain any comb or comb-like structure described herein.

[0072] A buffer status report (or buffer status report BSR) may include information indicating the existence and / or size of data to be transmitted (e.g., available in one or more buffers, for example, provided by a higher layer). This size may be explicitly indicated, and / or indexed to a range of sizes, and / or may relate to one or more different channels and / or acknowledgment procedures and / or higher layers and / or channel groups (e.g., one or more logical channels and / or transport channels and / or groups thereof). The structure of the BSR may be predefined and / or configurable, for example configured to override and / or modify the predefined structure using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). Different forms of BSRs with different levels of resolution and / or information may exist, such as more detailed long BSRs and less detailed short BSRs. Short BSRs may concatenate and / or combine information from long BSRs, for example providing a sum of data that can be used for one or more channels and / or channel groups and / or buffers, which may be represented separately in the long BSR; and / or may index a less detailed range scheme for available or buffered data. For example, BSR can be used in place of scheduling requests to schedule or allocate (uplink) resources for transmitting radio nodes (such as wireless devices, UEs, or IAB nodes) via network nodes.

[0073] Generally, a program product is considered that includes instructions adapted to cause processing circuitry and / or control circuitry to perform and / or control any of the methods described herein, particularly when the instructions are executed on the processing circuitry and / or control circuitry. Furthermore, a carrier medium device is considered that carries and / or stores the program product described herein.

[0074] The carrier medium device may include one or more carrier media. Typically, the carrier medium can be accessed and / or read and / or received by processing or control circuitry. Stored data and / or program products and / or code can be considered part of the data and / or program products and / or code. The carrier medium may typically include a boot / transfer medium and / or a storage medium. The boot / transfer medium may be adapted to carry and / or bear and / or store signals, specifically electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signals and / or optical signals. The carrier medium (specifically, the boot / transfer medium) may be adapted to guide and carry these signals. The carrier medium (specifically, the boot / transfer medium) may include electromagnetic fields (e.g., radio waves or microwaves) and / or optically transmissive materials (e.g., fiberglass and / or cables). The storage medium may include at least one of the following, which may be volatile or non-volatile: memory, cache, cache, optical disc, magnetic storage, flash memory, etc.

[0075] A system comprising one or more radio nodes (specifically, network nodes and user equipment) as described herein is described. This system may be a wireless communication system, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network.

[0076] Furthermore, a method of operating an information system may generally be considered, which includes providing information. Alternatively or additionally, information systems suitable for providing information may be considered. Providing information may include providing information to and / or to a target system, which may include and / or be implemented as a radio access network and / or a radio node, specifically a network node or user equipment or terminal. Providing information may include transmitting and / or streaming and / or sending and / or delivering information, and / or providing information for such and / or for downloading, and / or triggering such provision, for example, by triggering different systems or nodes to stream and / or transmit and / or send and / or deliver information. The information system may include and / or be connected to or connectable to the target, for example via one or more intermediate systems (e.g., a core network and / or the Internet and / or a dedicated or local network). Information may be provided using and / or via such intermediate systems. Providing information may be used for radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or using a RAN or radio node as described herein. Connecting the information system to the target and / or providing information may be based on target indications and / or adapted to target indications. Target indication can indicate a target, and / or one or more transmission parameters related to the target and / or the path or connection providing information to the target. Such parameters may specifically relate to the air interface and / or radio access network and / or radio nodes and / or network nodes. Example parameters may indicate, for example, the type and / or nature of the target, and / or transmission capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or latency and / or reliability and / or cost, and one or more estimates thereof. Target indication can be provided by the target, for example, based on information received from the target and / or historical information, or determined by the information system, and / or provided by a user (e.g., a user of a device operating the target or communicating with the target), for example, via the RAN and / or air interface. For example, a user may indicate on a user device communicating with the information system: for example, by selecting from choices offered by the information system via the RAN on a user application or user interface (which may be a web interface). The information system may include one or more information nodes. Information nodes typically include processing circuitry and / or communication circuitry. Specifically, the information system and / or information nodes may be implemented as computers and / or computer arrangements, such as host computers or host computer arrangements and / or servers or server arrangements. In some variations, the interactive server of the information system (e.g., a web server) can provide a user interface and can trigger the delivery and / or streaming of information from another server to the user (and / or target) based on user input. This information can be connected to or is connected to the interactive server and / or is part of the information system.This information can be any type of data, specifically data intended for use by a user at a terminal, such as video data and / or audio data and / or location data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or environmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicle data and / or situational data and / or operational data. Information provided by the information system can be mapped to and / or may be mapped to and / or intended to be mapped to communication or data signaling and / or one or more data channels as described herein (which may be signaling or channels used within the air interface and / or for radio transmission). The information can be formatted based on target indications and / or objectives (e.g., regarding data volume and / or data rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which may specifically relate to the mapping of communication or data signaling and / or data channels). Mapping information to data signaling and / or data channels can be considered as using signaling / channels, for example, to carry data at a higher layer of communication, where signaling / channels are used to carry transmissions. Target indications can typically include different components that may have different sources and / or indicate different characteristics of the target and / or the communication path to it. The format of the information can be specifically selected, for example, from a set of different formats, for information transmitted over an air interface and / or by the RAN described herein. This may be particularly relevant because the air interface may be limited in terms of capacity and / or predictability, and / or may be cost-sensitive. The format can be selected to suit the transmission indication, which can specifically indicate the path of information between the target and the information system (which may be indicated and / or planned and / or anticipated) for the RAN or radio node as described herein. The (communication) path of the information can represent the interface (e.g., air and / or cable interface) and / or intermediate systems (if any) between the information system and / or the node providing or transmitting the information and the target that is delivering or will deliver the information. When target indications are provided and / or information is provided / transmitted by the information system, the path may be (at least partially) undefined; for example, if the Internet is involved, it can include multiple, dynamically selected paths. Information and / or the format used for information may be group-based, and / or mapped to, and / or mappable to, and / or intended to be mapped to groups. Alternatively or additionally, a method for operating a target device may be considered, comprising providing a target indication to an information system. More alternatively or additionally, a target device may be considered adapted to provide a target indication to an information system. In another approach, a target indication tool may be considered, adapted to and / or including indication modules for providing target indication to an information system. The target device can typically be a target as described above. The target indication tool may include and / or be implemented as software and / or an application or app, and / or a web interface or user interface, and / or may include one or more modules for implementing actions performed and / or controlled by the tool.The tool and / or target device may be adapted and / or the method may include receiving user input, based on which a target indication may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively or additionally, the tool and / or target device may be adapted and / or the method may include receiving information and / or communication signaling carrying information, and / or operating and / or presenting (e.g., presenting on a screen and / or as audio or as other forms of indication) information. This information may be based on the received information and / or communication signaling carrying information. Presenting information may include processing the received information, such as decoding and / or converting (specifically between different formats), and / or hardware for presentation. Operation on the information may be independent of presentation or without presentation, and / or continue presentation or successful presentation, and / or may be without user interaction or even user reception, such as for automated processes, or target devices without (e.g., conventional) user interaction, such as MTC devices for automotive, transportation, or industry. Information or communication signaling may be anticipated and / or received based on the target indication. Presenting and / or manipulating information typically includes one or more processing steps, specifically decoding and / or performing and / or interpreting and / or transforming information. Manipulating information typically includes, for example, relaying and / or transmitting information over an air interface, which may include mapping information onto signaling (such mapping typically involves one or more layers, e.g., one or more layers of the air interface, such as the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and / or the MAC layer and / or the physical layer). The information may be imprinted (or mapped) onto communication signaling based on a target indication, which may make it particularly suitable for use in the RAN (e.g., for a target device, such as a network node, or specifically a UE or terminal). The tool is generally suitable for use on a target device (such as a UE or terminal). Generally, the tool can provide a variety of functions, such as providing and / or selecting a target indication, and / or presenting, for example, video and / or audio, and / or manipulating and / or storing received information. Providing a target indication may include sending or transmitting the indication as signaling in the RAN, and / or carrying it on signaling, e.g., if the target device is a UE or a tool for UEs. It should be noted that such provided information may be transmitted to the information system via one or more additional communication interfaces and / or paths and / or connections. Target indication may be a high-level indication and / or the information provided by the information system may be high-level (e.g., application layer or user layer, specifically above radio layers such as the transport and physical layers) information. Target indication may be mapped to physical layer radio signaling, such as that associated with or on the user plane, and / or the information may be mapped to physical layer radio communication signaling, such as that associated with or on the user plane (specifically, in the opposite communication direction). The described method allows for the provision of target indication in a format particularly suitable and / or appropriate for the effective use of the air interface.For example, in terms of the data rate and / or packaging and / or size of the information to be provided by the information system, user input may, for example, represent a selection from multiple possible transmission modes or formats and / or paths.

[0077] Generally, parameter sets and / or subcarrier spacing can indicate the bandwidth of a carrier's subcarriers (in the frequency domain), and / or the number and / or numbering of subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length. Specifically, different parameter sets can differ in terms of subcarrier bandwidth. In some variations, all subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated with them. Between carriers, parameter sets and / or subcarrier spacing can differ, particularly in terms of subcarrier bandwidth. The time length and / or symbol time length of the timing structure associated with a carrier can depend on the carrier frequency and / or subcarrier spacing and / or parameter set. Specifically, even on the same carrier, different parameter sets can have different symbol time lengths. Signaling can typically include one or more (e.g., modulated) symbols and / or signals and / or messages. Signals can include or represent one or more bits. Indications can represent signaling and / or can be implemented as a single signal or as multiple signals. One or more signals can be included in and / or represented by a message. Signaling, particularly control signaling, may include multiple signals and / or messages that can be transmitted on different carriers and / or associated with different signaling procedures, such as indicating and / or relating to one or more such procedures and / or corresponding information. Indications may include, and / or may be included therein, signaling and / or multiple signals and / or messages that can be transmitted on different carriers and / or associated with different response signaling procedures, such as indicating and / or relating to one or more such procedures. Channel-associated signaling may be transmitted to indicate the signaling and / or information of that channel, and / or the signaling may be interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver as belonging to that channel. Such signaling may typically conform to the channel's transmission parameters and / or format.

[0078] Antenna devices may include one or more antenna elements (radiating elements), which may be combined into antenna arrays. Antenna arrays or subarrays may include one or more antenna elements, which may be arranged, for example, in two dimensions (e.g., panels) or three dimensions. Each antenna array or subarray or element may be independently controllable, and correspondingly, different antenna arrays may be individually controllable relative to each other. A single antenna element / radiator may be considered a minimal example of a subarray. Examples of antenna arrays include one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individually controllable antenna elements. Antenna devices may include multiple antenna arrays. Antenna devices may be associated with (specific and / or a single) radio node (e.g., configuring, notifying, or scheduling a radio node), for example, controlled or manageable by the radio node. Antenna devices associated with a UE or terminal may (e.g., in terms of the size and / or number of antenna elements or arrays) be smaller than antenna devices associated with network nodes. Antenna elements of an antenna device may be configured for different arrays, for example, to change beamforming characteristics. Specifically, antenna arrays may be formed by combining one or more independent or individually controllable antenna elements or subarrays. Beamforming can be provided through analog beamforming, or in some variations through digital beamforming, or through hybrid beamforming combining analog and digital beamforming. The notifying radio node can be configured using beam transmission methods, such as by sending corresponding indicators or indications, for example, as beam identification indicators. However, it is possible to consider situations where the notifying radio node is not using this information for configuration, and / or operates transparently, unaware of the beamforming method used. It is possible to consider antenna devices that are individually controllable in terms of the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of the signals fed to them for transmission, and / or individually controllable antenna devices may include independent or separate transmitting and / or receiving units and / or ADCs (analog-to-digital converters, alternatively, ADC chains) or DCAs (digital-to-analog converters, alternatively, DCA chains) for converting digital control information into analog antenna feeds for the entire antenna device (the ADC / DCA can be considered part of the antenna circuitry, and / or connected to or potentially connected to the antenna circuitry), and vice versa. A scenario where the ADC or DCA is directly controlled for beamforming can be considered an analog beamforming scenario; this control can be performed after encoding / decoding and / or after the modulated symbols have been mapped to resource elements. This can be done at the antenna device level using the same ADC / DCA, for example, a single antenna element or a group of antenna elements associated with the same ADC / DCA. Digital beamforming, for example, can correspond to a scenario where processing for beamforming is provided before signaling is fed to the ADC / DCA, for example, before and / or during the mapping of modulated symbols to resource elements, such as by using one or more precoders and / or by pre-coded information.Such a pre-encoder for beamforming can provide, for example, weights for amplitude and / or phase, and / or can be based on a codebook, such as selected from a codebook. The pre-encoder can involve one or more beams, for example, defining one or more beams. The codebook can be configured or configurable, and / or predefined. DFT beamforming can be considered a form of digital beamforming where a DFT process is used to form one or more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming can be considered.

[0079] A beam can be defined by the spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distribution of radiation and / or the spatial angle (also referred to as solid angle) or spatial (stereo) angular distribution of radiation sent to (for receive beamforming) or received from it (for transmit beamforming). Receive beamforming can include, for example, in digital post-processing (e.g., digital beamforming), accepting only signals that are received from the receive beam (e.g., not accepting external receive beams using analog beamforming), and / or selecting signals that are not received in the receive beam. A beam can have a solid angle equal to or less than 4*pi sr (4*pi corresponds to a beam covering all directions), particularly less than 2*pi, or pi, or pi / 2, or pi / 4, or pi / 8, or pi / 16. Smaller beams can be used, especially for high frequencies. Different beams can have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angles and / or ranges). A beam can have a main direction defined by a main lobe (e.g., the center of the main lobe, which, for example, is related to signal strength and / or solid angle, can be averaged and / or weighted to determine the direction), and can have one or more side lobes. A lobe can generally be defined as a continuous or sustained distribution of transmitted and / or received energy and / or power, for example, bounded by one or more continuous or sustained regions of zero energy (or virtually zero energy). The main lobe may include the lobe with the maximum signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, due to beamforming limitations, side lobes often appear, some of which may carry signals of high intensity and may contribute to multipath effects. Side lobes can typically have a different direction than the main lobe and / or other side lobes; however, due to reflection, side lobes can still contribute to transmitted and / or received energy or power. A beam can be scanned and / or switched over time, for example, causing its (main) direction to change, but its shape (angular / solid angle distribution) around the main direction remains unchanged, for example, from a transmit beam view of the transmitter or a receive beam view of the receiver, respectively. Scanning can correspond to continuous or near-continuous changes in the principal direction (e.g., such that after each change, the principal lobe before the change at least partially covers the principal lobe after the change, e.g., at least 50%, 75%, or 90%). Switching can correspond to discontinuous switching of the direction, e.g., such that after each change, the principal lobe before the change does not cover the principal lobe after the change, e.g., at most 50%, 25%, or 10%.

[0080] For example, from the perspective of the transmitting or receiving node, signal strength can be a representation of signal power and / or signal energy. For example, due to interference and / or obstruction and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflection and / or attenuation or other effects affecting the beam or its carried signal, a beam with greater strength at transmission (e.g., depending on the beamforming used) than another beam does not necessarily have greater strength at the receiver, and vice versa. Signal quality can generally be a representation of how well a signal is received under noise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam does not necessarily have greater beam strength. Signal quality can be represented by, for example, SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, energy per resource element under noise / interference, or another corresponding quality metric. Signal quality and / or signal strength can relate to the beam and / or specific signaling carried by the beam (e.g., reference signaling and / or a specific channel, such as a data channel or control channel), and / or can be measured relative to the beam and / or the specific signaling carried by the beam. Signal strength can be represented by the received signal strength and / or, for example, the relative signal strength compared to a reference signal (strength).

[0081] Uplink or sidelink signaling can be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signaling. Downlink signaling can specifically be OFDMA signaling. However, signaling (such as communication signaling) is not limited to this (filter bank-based signaling and / or single carrier-based signaling (e.g., SC-FDE signaling) can be considered alternatives).

[0082] A radio node can generally be considered as a device or node suitable for, for example, wireless and / or radio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communication according to communication standards and / or suitable for communication using an air interface.

[0083] A radio node can be a network node, or a user equipment (UE) or terminal. A network node can be any radio node in a wireless communication network, such as a base station and / or a gNodeB (gNB) and / or an eNodeB (eNB) and / or a relay node and / or a micro / nano / pico / nanopico node and / or a transport point (TP) and / or an access point (AP) and / or other nodes, specifically, the RAN or other wireless communication network described herein. In the context of this disclosure, the terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered interchangeable. A radio device, user equipment, or terminal may refer to a terminal device used for communicating using a wireless communication network, and / or may be implemented as a user equipment according to standards. Examples of user equipment may include: telephones (e.g., smartphones), personal communication devices, mobile phones or terminals, computers (especially laptops), sensors or machines with radio capabilities (and / or suitable for an air interface) (especially suitable for MTC (machine-type communication, sometimes also referred to as M2M (machine-to-machine)) or vehicles suitable for wireless communication. User equipment or terminals may be mobile or stationary. Wireless devices typically include and / or are implemented as processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, which may include one or more chips or chipsets. One or more circuits may be packaged, for example, in a chip housing, and / or may have one or more physical interfaces for interacting with other circuitry and / or for power supply. Such wireless devices may be intended for use as user equipment or terminals.

[0084] Radio nodes typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. In some cases, radio nodes, particularly network nodes, may include cable circuitry and / or communication circuitry, through which they can be connected to or are connected to another radio node and / or the core network.

[0085] The circuitry may include integrated circuits. Processing circuitry may include one or more processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers) and / or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) and / or FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays), etc. It is conceivable that the processing circuitry includes and / or is (operably) connected to or connectable to one or more memory or memory devices. Memory devices may include one or more memories. Memory may be adapted to store digital information. Examples of memories include: volatile and non-volatile memory and / or random access memory (RAM) and / or read-only memory (ROM) and / or magnetic memory and / or optical memory and / or flash memory and / or hard disk memory and / or EPROM or EEPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM or Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM).

[0086] Radio circuitry may include one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers (transceivers may operate or be operable as transmitters and receivers, and / or may include, for example, combined or separate circuitry for receiving and transmitting within a package or housing) and / or may include one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters and / or may include antenna circuitry and / or one or more antennas and / or may be connected to or be operable to antenna circuitry and / or one or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. Antenna arrays may include one or more antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array (e.g., a 2D array or a 3D array) and / or antenna panel. A remote radio head end (RRH) can be considered an example of an antenna array. However, in some variations, an RRH may also be implemented as a network node, depending on the type of circuitry and / or functionality implemented therein.

[0087] The communication circuitry may include radio circuitry and / or cable circuitry. The communication circuitry typically includes one or more interfaces, which may be one or more air interfaces and / or one or more cable interfaces and / or one or more optical interfaces, such as laser-based interfaces. One or more interfaces may be, in particular, packet-based. The cable circuitry and / or cable interfaces may include and / or be connected to or be able to connect to one or more cables (e.g., fiber-optic and / or wire-based), which may be direct or indirect (e.g., via one or more intermediate systems and / or interfaces) to or be able to connect to a target, such as one controlled by the communication circuitry and / or processing circuitry.

[0088] Any or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated with different components of a radio node (e.g., different circuits or different parts of circuits). It is conceivable that modules are distributed across different components and / or circuits. The program product described herein may include modules associated with a device (e.g., a user equipment or network node) intended to perform the program product (which may be performed on or controlled by the associated circuitry).

[0089] The wireless communication network may be or include a radio access network and / or a backhaul network (e.g., a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network), and / or particularly a radio access network (RAN) according to a communication standard. The communication standard may specifically be a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G (e.g., according to NR or LTE, particularly according to LTE evolution).

[0090] The wireless communication network may be and / or may include a radio access network (RAN), which may be and / or may include any type of cellular and / or wireless radio network that can be connected to or is connectable to the core network. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for 5G networks, such as LTE evolution and / or NR (New Radio), and their respective successor technologies. The RAN may include one or more network nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A network node may specifically be a radio node adapted to conduct radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted to conduct radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within the RAN, such as a user equipment (UE) or mobile phone or smartphone or computing device or vehicle communication device or device for machine-type communication (MTC), etc. A terminal may be mobile, or in some cases may be stationary. The RAN or wireless communication network may include at least one network node and UE, or at least two radio nodes. Wireless communication networks or systems are generally considered, such as RANs or RAN systems that include at least one radio node and / or at least one network node and at least one terminal.

[0091] Transmission in the downlink can be associated with transmission from the network or a network node to a terminal. Transmission in the uplink can be associated with transmission from a terminal to the network or a network node. Transmission in the sidelink can be associated with (direct) transmission from one terminal to another. Uplink, downlink, and sidelink (e.g., sidelink transmission and reception) can be considered as directions of communication. In some variations, uplink and downlink can also be used to describe wireless communication between network nodes, such as for wireless backhaul, and / or relay communication and / or (wireless) network communication, such as between base stations or similar network nodes, particularly terminating such communication. Backhaul and / or relay communication and / or network communication can be implemented as sidelink or uplink communication or similar forms.

[0092] Control information or control information messages, or corresponding signaling (control signaling), can be transmitted on a control channel (e.g., a physical control channel), which can be a downlink channel (or, in some cases, a sidelink channel, such as when one UE schedules another UE). For example, control information / allocation information can be signaled by network nodes on the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / or PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or HARQ-specific channels. Acknowledgment signaling, such as control information or signaling as uplink control information / signaling, can be transmitted by the terminal on the PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or HARQ-specific channels. Multiple channels can be used for multi-component / multi-carrier indications or signaling.

[0093] Sending acknowledgment signaling can typically be based on and / or in response to a topic transmission, and / or control signaling that schedules the topic transmission. This control signaling and / or topic signaling can be transmitted by signaling radio nodes (e.g., in a dual-connectivity scenario, this could be a network node and / or a node associated with it). Topic transmissions and / or topic signaling can be transmissions or signaling to which ACK / NACK or acknowledgment information belongs, for example, indicating the correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of a topic transmission or signaling. Topic signaling or transmissions can specifically include, for example, data signaling on PDSCH or PSSCH, or certain forms of control signaling on, for example, PDCCH or PSSCH, for example, for a specific format, and / or represented by them. Signaling characteristics can be based on the type or format of scheduling authorization and / or scheduling assignment, and / or the type of allocation, and / or the timing of the acknowledgment signaling and / or scheduling authorization and / or scheduling assignment, and / or the resources associated with the acknowledgment signaling and / or scheduling authorization and / or scheduling assignment. For example, if a specific format for scheduling authorization (scheduling or allocating allocated resources) or scheduling assignment (scheduling subject transmissions for response signaling) is used or detected, either a first or second communication resource can be used. The type of allocation may relate to dynamic allocation (e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static allocation (e.g., authorization for configuration). The timing of the response signaling may relate to the time slot and / or symbols to be transmitted. The resources used for the response signaling may relate to the allocated resources. The timing and / or resources associated with scheduling authorization or assignment may represent the search space or CORESET (a set of resources configured to receive PDCCH transmissions) in which authorization or assignment was received. Therefore, which transmission resource to use can be based on implicit conditions, thus requiring low signaling overhead.

[0094] Scheduling may include, for example, signaling on control signaling (such as DCI or SCI signaling) and / or control channels (such as PDCCH or PSCCH) indicating one or more scheduling opportunities intended to carry data signaling or subject signaling. This configuration may be represented by or can be represented by a table, and / or corresponds to a table. Scheduling assignment may, for example, point to opportunities in the receive allocation configuration, such as by indexing a table of scheduling opportunities. In some cases, the receive allocation configuration may include 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. The configuration may specifically represent time allocation. It is conceivable that the receive allocation configuration relates to data signaling, particularly data signaling on physical data channels (such as PDSCH or PSSCH). Generally, the receive allocation configuration may relate to downlink signaling, or in some cases, to sidelink signaling. Control signaling scheduling of subject transmissions (such as data signaling) may point to and / or index and / or reference and / or indicate scheduling opportunities in the receive allocation configuration. It is conceivable that the receive allocation configuration is configured or can be configured with higher-layer signaling, such as RRC or MAC layer signaling. Receive allocation configurations can be applied to and / or used effectively for multiple transmission timing intervals, for example, such that for each interval, one or more opportunities can be indicated or allocated for data signaling. These methods allow for efficient and flexible scheduling, which may be semi-static but can be updated or reconfigured on a useful time scale in response to changes in operating conditions.

[0095] In this context (e.g., within a control information message), control information can be specifically implemented as a scheduling assignment and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which may indicate the transmission of a subject (transmission of response signaling) and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources for feedback. Reporting timing may indicate the timing for the scheduled response signaling, such as time slots and / or symbol and / or resource sets. Control information may be carried by control signaling.

[0096] A topic transport may include one or more individual transports. A scheduling assignment may include one or more scheduling assignments. It should generally be noted that in a distributed system, topic transports, configuration, and / or scheduling can be provided by different nodes or devices or transport points. Different topic transports may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in carrier aggregation) and / or the same or different bandwidth portions, and / or on the same or different layers or beams (e.g., in MIMO scenarios), and / or to the same or different ports. Generally, topic transports may be associated with different HARQ or ARQ procedures (or different sub-procedures, e.g., in MIMO, having different beams / layers associated with the same procedure identifier but different sub-procedure identifiers, such as swapped bits). Scheduling assignments and / or HARQ codebooks may indicate a target HARQ structure. The target HARQ structure may, for example, indicate the expected HARQ response to the topic transport, such as the number of bits and / or whether a block group-level response is provided. However, it should be noted that the actual structure used may differ from the target structure, for example, because the total size of the target structure used for the sub-mode is larger than a predetermined size.

[0097] Sending acknowledgment signaling (also referred to as sending acknowledgment information or feedback information, or simply ARQ or HARQ feedback or report feedback) may include and / or be based on determining the correct or incorrect reception of a topic transmission, such as based on error coding and / or based on scheduling assignments for scheduling topic transmissions. Sending acknowledgment information may be based on and / or include a structure for sending acknowledgment information, such as a structure of one or more sub-modes, for example based on which topic transmission is scheduled for association. Sending acknowledgment information may include, for example, sending corresponding signaling at one instance and / or in a message and / or on a channel (specifically, a physical channel, which may be a control channel). In some cases, such as using rate matching of acknowledgment information, the channel may be a shared channel or a data channel. Acknowledgment information can typically be associated with multiple topic transmissions that may be on different channels and / or carriers, and / or may include data signaling and / or control signaling. The response information may be based on a codebook, which may be based on one or more size indicators and / or assignment indicators (representing a HARQ structure). This codebook may be received along with multiple control signaling and / or control messages, for example, in the same or different transport timing structures, and / or in the same or different (target) resource sets. Sending the response information may include determining the codebook, for example, based on control information and / or configuration in one or more control information messages. The codebook may involve sending the response information in a single and / or specific moment (e.g., a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission) and / or in a single message or along with jointly coded and / or modulated response information. Generally, the response information may be sent along with other control information (e.g., scheduling requests and / or measurement information).

[0098] In some cases, response signaling may include other information alongside the response information (e.g., control information, specific uplink or sidelink control information such as scheduling requests and / or measurement information, and / or error detection and / or correction information, each with associated bits). The payload size of the response signaling can be represented by: the number of bits in the response information, and / or, in some cases, the total number of bits carried by the response signaling, and / or the number of resource elements required. Response signaling and / or information may be associated with ARQ and / or HARQ procedures; ARQ procedures can provide ACK / NACK feedback (and possibly additional feedback) and can perform decoding individually for each (re)transmission without soft buffering / soft combining intermediate data, while HARQ may include intermediate data that is soft buffered / soft combined for decoding for one or more (re)transmissions.

[0099] Subject transmissions can be data signaling or control signaling. Transmissions can occur on shared or dedicated channels. Data signaling can occur on data channels, such as PDSCH or PSSCH, or on dedicated data channels (e.g., URLLC channels) for low latency and / or high reliability. Control signaling can occur on control channels, such as common control channels, PDCCH, or PSCCH, and / or include one or more DCI or SCI messages. In some cases, subject transmissions may include or represent reference signaling. For example, reference signaling may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or probe signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling, specifically, CSI-RS. Subject transmissions may be associated with a scheduling assignment and / or an acknowledgment signaling procedure (e.g., based on an identifier or sub-identifier) ​​and / or a segment. In some cases, such as due to scheduling to begin in one segment and extend to another, subject transmissions may span segment boundaries in time, or even more than one segment. In this context, the topic transmission can be considered to be associated with the segment at which it terminates. The transmission of an acknowledgment message (specifically, the acknowledgment message itself) can be considered to be based on determining whether the topic transmission has been correctly received, for example, based on error coding and / or reception quality. Reception quality can, for example, be based on the determined signal quality. Acknowledgment messages can typically be sent to signaling radio nodes and / or node deployments and / or networks and / or network nodes.

[0100] One or more bits of a response message or a sub-pattern structure of such message (e.g., a response message structure) may represent and / or include one or more bits, specifically, a pattern of bits. Multiple bits associated with a data structure or substructure or message (such as a control message) may be considered a subpattern. The structure or arrangement of the response message may indicate the order, and / or meaning, and / or mapping, and / or pattern of bits (or subpattern of bits) of the message. The structure or mapping may specifically indicate one or more data block structures (e.g., code blocks and / or code block groups and / or transport blocks and / or messages associated with acknowledgment information (e.g., command messages), and / or which bits or sub-patterns of bits are associated with which data block structure. In some cases, the mapping may be associated with one or more acknowledgment signaling procedures (e.g., procedures with different identifiers and / or one or more different data streams). The configuration or structure or codebook may indicate which procedures and / or which data streams the information is associated with. Generally, acknowledgment information may include one or more sub-patterns, each of which may be associated with a data block structure (e.g., code blocks or code block groups or transport blocks). Sub-patterns may be arranged to indicate acknowledgment or non-acknowledgment of the associated data block structure, or another retransmission state, such as non-scheduled or non-received. A sub-pattern may be considered to include one bit, or in some cases more than one bit. It should be noted that the acknowledgment information may undergo significant processing before being transmitted with the acknowledgment signaling. Different configurations may indicate different sizes and / or mappings and / or structures and / or patterns.

[0101] The response signaling procedure (providing response information) can be a HARQ procedure and / or identified by a procedure identifier (e.g., a HARQ procedure identifier or sub-identifier). The response signaling and / or associated response information can be referred to as feedback or response feedback. It should be noted that the data blocks or structures that may be associated with the sub-pattern may be designed to carry data (e.g., information bits and / or system bits and / or encoded bits). However, depending on the transmission conditions, this data may be received or not received (or not received correctly), which can be indicated accordingly in the feedback. In some cases, for example, if the response information for a data block requires fewer bits than the size indicated as a sub-pattern, the sub-pattern of the response signaling may include padding bits. This may occur, for example, if the size is indicated by a unit size larger than that required by the feedback.

[0102] Response information typically indicates at least ACK or NACK. For example, ACK or NACK is related to an element or message (specifically, a control message) of a response signaling procedure or data block structure (such as a data block, sub-block group, or sub-block). Generally, for a response signaling procedure, there may be an associated specific sub-pattern and / or data block structure that can provide response information. Response information may include multiple messages represented by multiple ARQ and / or HARQ structures.

[0103] The acknowledgment signaling process can determine the correct or incorrect reception and / or corresponding acknowledgment information of a data block (such as a transport block) and / or its substructures based on coded bits associated with the data block and / or coded bits associated with one or more data blocks and / or subblocks and / or subblock groups. The acknowledgment information (determined by the acknowledgment signaling process) can be associated with the entire data block and / or with one or more subblocks or subblock groups. A code block can be considered an example of a subblock, and a code block group can be considered an example of a subblock group. Therefore, the associated sub-pattern can include one or more bits indicating the reception status or feedback of a data block, and / or one or more bits indicating the reception status or feedback of one or more subblocks or subblock groups. The bits of each sub-pattern or sub-pattern can be associated with and / or mapped to a specific data block or subblock or subblock group. In some variations, correct reception of a data block can be indicated if all subblocks or subblock groups are correctly identified. In this case, the sub-pattern can represent the acknowledgment information for the entire data block, reducing overhead compared to providing acknowledgment information for a subblock or subblock group. A sub-pattern, for which it provides acknowledgment information and / or the smallest structure associated with it (e.g., sub-block / sub-block group / data block), can be considered its (highest) resolution. In some variations, a sub-pattern may provide several elements of the data block structure and / or acknowledgment information at different resolutions, for example, to allow for more specific error detection. For example, even if the sub-pattern indicates acknowledgment signaling associated with the entire data block, in some variations, a higher resolution (e.g., sub-block or sub-block group resolution) may also be provided by the sub-pattern. A sub-pattern typically includes one or more bits indicating ACK / NACK for the data block, and / or one or more bits indicating ACK / NACK for a sub-block or sub-block group or more than one sub-block or sub-block group. Sub-blocks and / or sub-block groups may include information bits (indicating the data to be transmitted, such as user data and / or downlink / sidelink data or uplink data). It can be considered that a data block and / or sub-block and / or sub-block group also includes one or more error detection bits, which can be determined in relation to and / or based on the information bits (for a sub-block group, the error detection bits can be determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of the sub-blocks in the sub-block group). A data block or substructure (such as a sub-block or sub-block group) may include error correction bits, which can be specifically determined based on the information bits and error detection bits of the block or substructure, for example, using an error correction coding scheme (specifically, for forward error correction (FEC), such as LDPC or polar coordinate coding and / or turbo coding). In general, the error correction coding of a data block structure (and / or associated bits) can cover the information bits and error detection bits of the structure and / or be associated with them. A sub-block group can represent a combination of one or more code blocks (corresponding to bits respectively). A data block can represent a code block or a code block group, or a combination of more than one code block group.For example, based on the bit size of the information bits in the higher-level data structure provided for error coding and / or the size requirements or preferences for error coding (specifically, error correction coding), a transport block can be divided into code blocks and / or groups of code blocks. This higher-level data structure is sometimes also referred to as a transport block, which in this context represents information bits that do not have the error coding bits described herein, although it may include higher-level error processing information, such as for Internet protocols (like TCP). However, this error processing information represents information bits in the context of this disclosure, as the described acknowledgment signaling process processes it accordingly.

[0104] In some variations, sub-blocks (e.g., code blocks) may include error-correcting bits, which may be determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits of the sub-block. Error-correcting coding schemes may be used, for example, based on LDPC, polar coding, or Reed-Mueller coding to determine the error-correcting bits. In some cases, a sub-block or code block may be considered as a block or pattern comprising information bits, error detection bits determined based on the information bits, and error-correcting bits determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits. It can be considered that in a sub-block (e.g., a code block), information bits (and possibly error-correcting bits) are protected and / or covered by the error-correcting scheme or corresponding error-correcting bits. A group of code blocks may include one or more code blocks. In some variations, no additional error detection bits and / or error-correcting bits are applied; however, the application of one or both may be considered. A transport block may include one or more groups of code blocks. It can be considered that no additional error detection bits and / or error-correcting bits are applied to the transport block; however, the application of one or both may be considered. In certain variations, the code block group does not include an additional layer of error detection or correction coding, and the transport block may include only additional error detection coding bits without additional error correction coding. This may be especially true if the transport block size is larger than the code block size and / or the maximum size used for error correction coding. A sub-mode of the acknowledgment signaling (specifically, indicating ACK or NACK) can be associated with a code block, for example, indicating whether the code block has been correctly received. The sub-mode can be considered to be associated with a subgroup (such as a code block group) or a data block (such as a transport block). In this case, if all sub-blocks or code blocks of the group or data / transport block have been correctly received (e.g., based on a logical AND operation), the sub-mode can indicate ACK, and if at least one sub-block or code block has not been correctly received, the sub-mode indicates NACK or another state of incorrect reception. It should be noted that a code block can be considered correctly received not only if it has actually been correctly received, but also if it can be correctly reconstructed based on soft combination and / or error correction coding.

[0105] A submode / HARQ structure can be associated with an acknowledgment signaling procedure and / or a carrier (such as a component carrier) and / or a data block structure or data block. Specifically, it can be considered that a (e.g., specific and / or single) submode involves (e.g., mapped from a codebook to) a (e.g., specific and / or single) acknowledgment signaling procedure (e.g., specific and / or single HARQ procedure). It can be considered that, in bit mode, submodes are mapped to acknowledgment signaling procedures and / or data blocks or data block structures in a one-to-one manner. In some variations, for example, if multiple data streams transmitted on a carrier undergo acknowledgment signaling procedures, multiple submodes (and / or associated acknowledgment signaling procedures) can exist associated with the same component carrier. A submode can include one or more bits, the number of which can be considered to represent its size or bit size. Different bit n-tuples (n is 1 or greater) of a submode can be associated with different elements of a data block structure (e.g., a data block or a subblock or group of subblocks), and / or represent different resolutions. A variant could be considered in which only one resolution is represented by a bit pattern (e.g., a data block). A bit n-tuple could represent an acknowledgment message (also known as feedback), specifically ACK or NACK, and optionally, (if n>1) could represent DTX / DRX or other receive states. ACK / NACK could be represented by one or more bits, for example, to improve the ambiguity of the bit sequence representing ACK or NACK, and / or to improve transmission reliability.

[0106] Response or feedback information can be associated with multiple different transmissions, which can be associated with and / or represented by data block structures (each associated with a data block or data signaling). Data block structures and / or corresponding blocks and / or signaling can be scheduled for simultaneous transmission, for example, for the same transmission timing structure, particularly within the same time slot or subframe, and / or on the same symbol. However, alternatives for scheduling non-simultaneous transmissions can be considered. For example, response information can be associated with data blocks scheduled for different transmission timing structures (e.g., different time slots (or mini-slots, or time slots and mini-slots), etc.), which can be received (or not received or incorrectly received) accordingly. Scheduling signaling can typically include indications of resources, such as time and / or frequency resources for receiving or transmitting the scheduled signaling. Signaling can generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure (e.g., in terms of time and frequency intervals) intended to convey information to at least one specific or general target (e.g., anyone who might pick up the signaling). The signaling process can include transmitting the signaling. Sending signaling, specifically control signaling or communication signaling (e.g., including or representing acknowledgment signaling and / or resource request information), may include encoding and / or modulation. Encoding and / or modulation may include error detection coding and / or forward error correction coding and / or scrambling. Receiving control signaling may include corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error detection coding may include and / or be based on parity check or checksum methods, such as CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Forward error correction coding may include and / or be based on, for example, turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding, and / or polar coding and / or LDPC coding (Low-Density Parity Check). The type of coding used may be based on the channel (e.g., physical channel) associated with the coded signal. Considering that coding adds coded bits for error detection coding and forward error correction, the code rate may represent the ratio of the number of information bits before coding to the number of coded bits after coding. Coded bits may refer to information bits (also known as system bits) plus coding bits.

[0107] Communication signaling may include and / or be represented and / or implemented as data signaling and / or user plane signaling. Communication signaling may be associated with a data channel, such as a physical downlink channel, a physical uplink channel, or a physical sidelink channel, particularly a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a data channel may be a shared channel or a dedicated channel. Data signaling may be signaling associated with and / or on a data channel. Indications may typically explicitly and / or implicitly indicate the information they represent and / or indicate. Implicit indications may, for example, be based on the location and / or resources used for transmission. Explicit indications may, for example, be based on parameters having one or more parameters and / or one or more indices and / or one or more bit patterns representing information. Specifically, it can be considered that the control signaling based on the sequence of resources utilized described herein implicitly indicates the type of control signaling.

[0108] Resource elements typically describe the smallest individually available and / or coded and / or decoded and / or modulated and / or demodulated time-frequency resources, and / or time-frequency resources covering the symbol time length in time and the subcarriers in frequency. Signals can be assigned to and / or may be assigned to resource elements. Subcarriers can be, for example, subbands of carriers defined according to standards. Carriers can define frequencies and / or bands for transmission and / or reception. In some variations, (jointly coded / modulated) signals can cover more than one resource element. Resource elements can typically be as defined by the corresponding standard (e.g., NR or LTE). Because symbol time lengths and / or subcarrier spacing (and / or parameter sets) may differ between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different resource elements may have different extensions (length / width) in the time and / or frequency domains, especially resource elements associated with different carriers.

[0109] Resources can typically represent time-frequency and / or code resources on which signals can be transmitted (e.g., sent and / or received), for example, according to a specific format, and / or on which signals are intended for transmission and / or reception, for example, according to a specific format.

[0110] Boundary symbols can typically represent a start symbol for transmission or an end symbol for reception. A start symbol can specifically be the start symbol for uplink or sidelink signaling (e.g., control signaling or data signaling). This signaling can occur on a data channel or control channel, for example, on a physical channel, particularly a physical uplink shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) or a sidelink data or shared channel, or a physical uplink control channel (e.g., PUCCH) or a sidelink control channel. If the start symbol is associated with control signaling (e.g., on a control channel), the control signaling can respond to received signaling (e.g., in a sidelink or downlink), for example, indicating an associated acknowledgment signaling, which can be HARQ or ARQ signaling. An end symbol can represent the (time-based) end symbol for downlink or sidelink transmission or signaling, which can be intended for or scheduled for use by a radio node or user equipment. This downlink signaling can specifically be data signaling on a physical downlink channel such as a shared channel (e.g., PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)). The start symbol can be determined based on and / or about this end symbol.

[0111] Configuring a radio node, particularly a terminal or user equipment, can refer to adapting, prompting, setting, and / or instructing the radio node to operate according to a configuration. Configuration can be performed by a network node (e.g., a radio node of the network, such as a base station or eNodeB) or another device in the network, in which case this may include sending configuration data to the radio node to be configured. This configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or include one or more instructions related to the configuration, such as configurations for transmitting and / or receiving on allocated resources (particularly frequency resources). A radio node may configure itself, for example, based on configuration data received from the network or a network node. A network node may utilize and / or be adapted to utilize its circuits / circuits for configuration. Allocation information can be considered a form of configuration data. Configuration data may include configuration information and / or one or more corresponding instructions and / or one or more messages, and / or be represented by configuration information and / or one or more corresponding instructions and / or one or more messages.

[0112] Generally, configuration may include determining configuration data representing that configuration and providing (e.g., sending) it to one or more other nodes (in parallel and / or sequentially), which may further send the configuration data to a radio node (or another node, which may repeat until the configuration data reaches the radio device). Alternatively or additionally, configuring a radio node, for example, via a network node or other device, may include: receiving configuration data and / or data associated with the configuration data from another node, such as a network node, which may be a higher-level node of the network; and / or sending the received configuration data to the radio node. Thus, the determination of the configuration and the transmission of the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by different network nodes or entities capable of communicating via appropriate interfaces (e.g., an X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR). Configuring a terminal may include: scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, such as downlink data and / or downlink control signaling and / or DCI and / or uplink control or data or communication signaling, particularly acknowledgment signaling; and / or configuring resources and / or resource pools for it.

[0113] If a resource structure shares a common boundary frequency with another resource structure (e.g., one as an upper frequency boundary and the other as a lower frequency boundary), then that resource structure can be considered adjacent to the other resource structure in the frequency domain. This boundary can be represented, for example, by the upper end of the bandwidth assigned to subcarrier n, which also represents the lower end of the bandwidth assigned to subcarrier n+1. If resource structures share a common boundary time (e.g., one as an upper (or right) boundary in the figure and the other as a lower (or left) boundary in the figure), then that resource structure can be considered adjacent to the other resource structure in the time domain. This boundary can be represented, for example, by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to symbol n, which also represents the beginning of the symbol time interval assigned to symbol n+1.

[0114] Generally speaking, a resource structure being adjacent to another resource structure in the domain can also be referred to as being adjacent to and / or closely adjacent to another resource structure in the domain.

[0115] Resource structures can typically represent structures in the time and / or frequency domains, specifically, structures representing time intervals and frequency spacings. A resource structure may include and / or consist of resource elements, and / or the time interval of a resource structure may include and / or consist of symbol time intervals, and / or the frequency spacing of a resource structure may include and / or consist of subcarriers. Resource elements can be considered examples of resource structures, and time slots or mini-time slots or physical resource blocks (PRBs) or portions thereof can be considered other examples of resource structures. Resource structures can be associated with specific channels (e.g., PUSCH or PUCCH, particularly resource structures smaller than time slots or PRBs).

[0116] Examples of resource structures in the frequency domain include bandwidth or frequency band, or a portion of bandwidth. A bandwidth portion can be, for example, a portion of the bandwidth available for communication by a radio node due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulations and / or standards. A bandwidth portion can be configured or configurable to a radio node. In some variations, a bandwidth portion can be a portion of the bandwidth used for communication (e.g., transmitted and / or received by a radio node). A bandwidth portion can be smaller than the bandwidth (which can be the device bandwidth defined by the device's circuitry / configuration, and / or system bandwidth, e.g., available for the RAN). A bandwidth portion can be considered to include one or more resource blocks or groups of resource blocks, particularly one or more PRBs or groups of PRBs. A bandwidth portion can involve and / or include one or more carriers.

[0117] A carrier can typically represent a frequency range or band, and / or be associated with a center frequency and an associated frequency interval. A carrier can be considered to comprise multiple subcarriers. A carrier may have been assigned a center frequency or center frequency interval, for example, represented by one or more subcarriers (typically a frequency bandwidth or interval may be assigned to each subcarrier). Different carriers may be non-overlapping, and / or adjacent in the frequency domain.

[0118] It should be noted that the term "radio" in this disclosure can generally be considered to be related to wireless communication and can also include wireless communication utilizing millimeter waves, particularly millimeter waves above one of the following thresholds: 10 GHz, 20 GHz, 50 GHz, 52 GHz, 52.6 GHz, 60 GHz, 72 GHz, 100 GHz, or 114 GHz. Such communication can utilize one or more carriers, for example, in FDD and / or carrier aggregation. The upper frequency boundary can correspond to 300 GHz, 200 GHz, or 120 GHz, or any threshold greater than the threshold representing the lower frequency boundary.

[0119] A radio node (particularly a network node or terminal) can typically be any device suitable for transmitting and / or receiving radio and / or wireless signals and / or data (particularly communication data), particularly on at least one carrier. At least one carrier may include a carrier accessed based on the LBT process (which may be referred to as an LBT carrier), such as an unlicensed carrier. The carrier can be considered as part of carrier aggregation.

[0120] Reception or transmission on a cell or carrier can refer to reception or transmission using a frequency (band) or spectrum associated with the cell or carrier. A cell typically includes one or more carriers and / or is defined by or defined for one or more carriers; specifically, at least one carrier is used for UL communication / transmission (referred to as a UL carrier) and at least one carrier is used for DL ​​communication / transmission (referred to as a DL carrier). It is conceivable that a cell includes varying numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively or additionally, for example, in a TDD-based method, a cell may include at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and at least one carrier for DL ​​communication / transmission.

[0121] System information signaling may include and / or indicate signaling that indicates one or more system parameters, particularly timing and / or synchronization, and / or parameter sets and / or system identifiers (e.g., beam identifiers and / or cell IDs and / or node IDs and / or network IDs). System information signaling may include broadcast signaling or multicast signaling; it may be beamforming signaling or it may be non-beamforming. In some cases, system information signaling may include synchronization signaling (e.g., PSS and / or SSS) and / or reference signaling (e.g., DM-RS) and / or data signaling (e.g., on a broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH), or on a data channel (e.g., PDSCH, such as a channel suitable for broadcast or multicast), or scrambled using IDs provided in previous signaling or IDs predefined in the standard. These data signalings may include coded information, such as information encoded using error detection coding and / or error correction coding. System information signaling may include system information, such as Master Information Block (MIB) and / or one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs).

[0122] A channel can typically be a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel. A channel may include one or more carriers (especially multiple subcarriers) and / or be arranged on one or more carriers. A channel carrying and / or used to carry control signaling / control information can be considered a control channel, especially if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries control plane information. Similarly, a channel carrying and / or used to carry data signaling / user information can be considered a data channel, especially if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel can be defined for a specific communication direction or two complementary communication directions (e.g., UL and DL, or sidelinks in both directions), in which case it can be considered to have two component channels, one in each direction. Examples of channels include channels for low-latency and / or high-reliability transmission, particularly channels for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), which can be used for control and / or data.

[0123] Generally, a symbol can represent a symbol time length and / or be associated with a symbol time length, which can depend on the carrier and / or subcarrier spacing and / or the parameter set of the associated carriers. Therefore, a symbol can be considered as indicating a time interval with a symbol time length relative to the frequency domain. The symbol time length can depend on the carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or parameter set and / or subcarrier spacing of the symbol or associated with it. Therefore, different symbols can have different symbol time lengths. Specifically, parameter sets with different subcarrier spacings can have different symbol time lengths. Generally, the symbol time length can be based on and / or include a guard interval or cyclic extension such as a prefix or suffix.

[0124] A sidelink typically represents a communication channel (or channel structure) between two UEs and / or terminals, through which data is transmitted directly and / or without relaying via a network node. A sidelink can be established solely via the participant's air interface and / or directly via the participant's air interface, which can be directly linked via the sidelink communication channel. In some variations, sidelink communication can be performed without interaction from a network node, for example, on fixed-defined resources and / or on resources negotiated between the participants. Alternatively or additionally, network nodes can be considered to provide some control functionality, for example, by configuring resources (specifically one or more resource pools) for sidelink communication and / or, for example, by monitoring the sidelink for billing purposes.

[0125] Sidelink communication can also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication, and / or in some cases as ProSe (proximity service) communication, for example, in the case of LTE. Sidelinks can be implemented in the context of V2x communication (vehicle-to-vehicle), such as in V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), and / or V2P (vehicle-to-person) scenarios. Any device suitable for sidelink communication can be considered a user equipment or terminal.

[0126] A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may include one or more (e.g., physical or logical) channels, such as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel, which may carry control information such as acknowledgment position indication) and / or PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, which may carry data and / or acknowledgment signaling). It can be considered that a sidelink communication channel (or structure) involves and / or uses one or more carriers and / or frequency ranges associated with and / or used by cellular communication, for example, according to specific licensing and / or standards. Participants may share (physical) channels and / or resources, particularly in the frequency domain and / or associated with sidelink frequency resources (e.g., carriers), such that two or more participants transmit on them, for example, simultaneously and / or in a time-shifted manner, and / or there may be specific channels and / or resources associated with a particular participant, such that, for example, only one participant transmits on, for example, in the frequency domain and / or on a specific channel or specific resource associated with one or more carriers or subcarriers.

[0127] Sidelinks may comply with specific standards (e.g., LTE-based standards and / or NR standards) and / or be implemented according to specific standards. Sidelinks may utilize, for example, TDD (Time Division Duplex) and / or FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) technologies configured and / or pre-configured by network nodes and / or negotiated between participants. A user equipment and / or its radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry may be considered suitable for sidelink communication if it is adapted (particularly according to specific standards, e.g., on one or more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats) to utilize sidelinks. A radio access network can generally be considered defined by two participants communicating via sidelinks. Alternatively or additionally, a radio access network may be represented and / or defined, and / or associated with, network nodes and / or communications with such nodes.

[0128] Communication, or performing communication, typically includes sending and / or receiving signaling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelink signaling) may include using the sidelink to perform communication (sending signaling separately). Sidelink transmission and / or sending on a sidelink can be considered to include using the sidelink (e.g., associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuits and / or air interfaces) to perform transmission. Sidelink reception and / or receiving on a sidelink can be considered to include using the sidelink (e.g., associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuits and / or air interfaces) to perform reception. Sidelink control information (e.g., SCI) can typically be considered to include control information transmitted using the sidelink.

[0129] Generally, carrier aggregation (CA) can refer to the concept of a radio connection and / or communication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / or between a network node and a terminal, or on a side link, which includes multiple carriers and the aggregation of carriers for transmission in at least one direction (e.g., DL and / or UL). The corresponding communication link can be called a carrier aggregation communication link or a CA communication link; the carriers in the carrier aggregation can be called component carriers (CCs). In such a link, data can be transmitted via more than one carrier and / or all carriers in the carrier aggregation (the aggregation of carriers). Carrier aggregation may include one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / or a master carrier (which may be called, for example, a master component carrier or PCC) on which control information can be transmitted, where the control information may refer to the master carrier and other carriers (which may be called secondary carriers (or secondary component carriers SCCs)). However, in some methods, control information can be transmitted via more than one aggregated carrier (e.g., one or more PCCs, and one PCC and one or more SCCs).

[0130] Transmissions can typically involve specific channels and / or specific resources, specifically having start and end symbols in time, covering the interval between them. Scheduled transmissions can be scheduled and / or anticipated transmissions and / or transmissions for which resources are scheduled or reserved. However, not every scheduled transmission must be implemented. For example, a scheduled downlink transmission may not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be sent due to power limitations or other effects (e.g., channel occupancy on an unlicensed carrier). Transmissions can be scheduled for transmission timing substructures within a transmission timing structure (e.g., time slots) (e.g., mini-time slots and / or only covering a portion of the transmission timing structure). Boundary symbols can indicate symbols in the transmission timing structure at which a transmission begins or ends.

[0131] In the context of this disclosure, "predefined" can refer to relevant information, such as information defined in a standard and / or information available from the network or network node without specific configuration, such as information stored in memory, and information unrelated to configuration. "Configurable" or "configurable" can be considered as information relating to corresponding settings / configurations, such as those provided by the network or network node.

[0132] Configuration or scheduling (e.g., mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration) can schedule transmissions (e.g., for their effective time / transmission) and / or transmissions can be scheduled via individual signaling or individual configuration (e.g., individual RRC signaling and / or downlink control information signaling). Scheduled transmissions can represent signaling to be sent by the device that scheduled them, or signaling to be received by the device that scheduled them, depending on which side of the communication the device is on. It should be noted that downlink control information, or specifically DCI signaling, can be considered physical layer signaling, rather than higher-layer signaling (e.g., MAC (Media Access Control) signaling or RRC layer signaling). The higher the layer of signaling, the less frequent / more time / resources it can be considered, at least in part because the information contained in the signaling must be passed through several layers, each requiring processing and operation.

[0133] The scheduled transmissions and / or transmission timing structures (such as mini-slots or slots) may involve specific channels, specifically physical uplink shared channels, physical uplink control channels, or physical downlink shared channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, or PDSCH), and / or may involve specific cells and / or carrier aggregation. The corresponding configuration (e.g., scheduling configuration or symbol configuration) may relate to that channel, cell, and / or carrier aggregation. It can be considered that the scheduled transmissions represent transmissions on physical channels, specifically shared physical channels, such as physical uplink shared channels or physical downlink shared channels. For these channels, semi-persistent configurations may be particularly suitable.

[0134] Generally, configuration can be a timing-indicating configuration, and / or represented or configured using corresponding configuration data. Configuration can be embedded in and / or included in messages or configurations or corresponding data, which can (particularly semi-persistent and / or semi-static) indicate and / or schedule resources.

[0135] The control region of the transmission timing structure can be a time interval and / or frequency domain intended for or scheduled for control signaling (specifically downlink control signaling) and / or a specific control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel, such as a PDCCH)), or a time interval reserved for control signaling and / or a specific control channel. The interval can include multiple time symbols and / or consist of multiple time symbols, which can be configured or configurable, for example, by (UE-specific) dedicated signaling (which can be unicast, e.g., addressed to or intended for a specific UE), such as via PDCCH, or RRC signaling, or multicast or broadcast channels. Generally, the transmission timing structure can include a control region covering a configurable number of symbols. It can be considered that boundary symbols are typically configured to be time-wise after the control region. For example, by configuration and / or determination, the control region can be associated with the format and / or identifiers (e.g., UE identifier and / or RNTI or carrier / cell identifier) ​​of one or more specific UEs and / or PDCCHs and / or DCIs, and / or represented and / or associated with CORESET and / or search spaces.

[0136] The duration (symbol time length or interval) of a symbol in a transmission timing structure can typically depend on a parameter set and / or a carrier, where the parameter set and / or carrier can be configurable. The parameter set can be a set of parameters to be used for the scheduled transmission. A transmission timing structure can include multiple symbols and / or can define intervals comprising several symbols (each associated with a time interval). In the context of this disclosure, it should be noted that references to symbols for ease of reference can be interpreted as referring to the time-domain projection or time interval or time component or duration or time length of the symbol, unless the frequency-domain component is explicitly considered to be taken into account based on the context. Examples of transmission timing structures include time slots, subframes, mini-time slots (which can also be considered as substructures of time slots), time slot aggregations (which can include multiple time slots and can be considered as superstructures of time slots), or their corresponding time-domain components. A transmission timing structure can typically include multiple symbols that define the time-domain extension of the transmission timing structure (e.g., intervals or lengths or durations) and are arranged adjacent to each other in numbered order. A timing structure (which can also be considered or implemented as a synchronization structure) can be defined by a series of such transmission timing structures, such as a timing grid with symbols representing a minimum grid structure. The transmission timing structure and / or boundary symbols, or scheduled transmissions, can be determined or scheduled relative to this timing grid. The received transmission timing structure can be, for example, a transmission timing structure that receives scheduling control signaling relative to a timing grid. The transmission timing structure can be specific to a time slot or subframe, or in some cases, a mini-time slot.

[0137] Feedback signaling can be considered a form of control signaling, such as uplink or sidelink control signaling, like UCI (Uplink Control Message) or SCI (Sidelink Control Message) signaling. Feedback signaling can specifically include and / or represent response signaling and / or response information and / or measurement reports.

[0138] Signaling utilizing resources or resource structures and / or associated with resources or resource structures can be signaling covering resources or structures, signaling on associated frequencies, and / or signaling within associated time intervals. A signaling resource structure can be considered to include and / or include one or more substructures that can be associated with one or more different channels and / or signaling types, and / or include one or more holes (one or more resource elements not scheduled for transmission or reception). Resource substructures, such as feedback resource structures, are typically continuous in time and / or frequency within associated intervals. A substructure, particularly a feedback resource structure, can be considered to represent a rectangle filled with one or more resource elements in the time / frequency space. However, in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, particularly a frequency resource range, can represent a discontinuous pattern of resources in one or more domains (e.g., the time domain and / or the frequency domain). Resource elements of a substructure can be scheduled for associated signaling.

[0139] Example types of signaling include signaling for a specific communication direction, particularly uplink signaling, downlink signaling, sidelink signaling, and reference signaling (e.g., SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signaling, control signaling, and / or signaling associated with a specific channel (such as PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).

[0140] In the context of this disclosure, a distinction can be made between dynamic or aperiodic transmission and / or configuration and semi-static or semi-permanent or periodic transmission and / or configuration. The term "dynamic" or similar terms can generally refer to effective configuration / transmission and / or scheduling and / or configuration for (relatively) shorter timescales and / or (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or limited and / or deterministic) occurrences and / or transmission timing structures, such as one or more transmission timing structures, such as time slots or time slot aggregation, and / or for one or more (e.g., a specific number) transmissions / occurrences. Dynamic configuration can be based on low-level signaling, such as control signaling at the physical layer and / or MAC layer, particularly signaling in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static can involve longer timescales, such as several time slots and / or more than one frame, and / or undefined occurrences, e.g., until the dynamic configuration becomes contradictory, or until a new periodic configuration arrives. Periodic or semi-static configurations can be based on and / or configured with higher-layer signaling, particularly RCL layer signaling and / or RRC signaling and / or MAC signaling.

[0141] In this disclosure, specific details (such as particular network functions, processing, and signaling steps) are set forth for purposes of explanation and not limitation in order to provide a thorough understanding of the techniques presented herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts and aspects may be practiced in other embodiments and variations that differ from these specific details.

[0142] For example, concepts and variations are described in part within the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) or new radio mobile or wireless communication technologies; however, this does not preclude the use of the concepts and aspects of the invention in conjunction with additional or alternative mobile communication technologies, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards (such as IEEE 802.11 ad or IEEE 802.11ay). While the described variations may relate to certain technical specifications (TS) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will be understood that the methods, concepts, and aspects of the invention may also be implemented in conjunction with different performance management (PM) specifications. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that the services, functions, and steps explained herein can be implemented using software functions in conjunction with a programmable microprocessor or using application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or general-purpose computers. It should also be understood that, although the variations described herein are set forth in the context of methods and apparatus, the concepts and aspects presented herein may also be embodied in program products and systems including control circuitry (e.g., a computer processor and memory coupled to the processor), wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products that perform the services, functions and steps disclosed herein.

[0143] It will be understood from the foregoing description that the advantages of the aspects and variations presented herein will be fully appreciated, and it will be apparent that various changes can be made to the form, structure, and arrangement of the exemplary aspects without departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or without sacrificing all their beneficial effects. The aspects presented herein can be varied in many ways.

[0144] Some useful abbreviations include:

[0145] Explanation of Abbreviations

[0146] ABF analog beamformer, fan-out to antenna + beamforming

[0147] ACK / NACK response / negative response

[0148] Ant antenna

[0149] ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

[0150] BB baseband

[0151] Beamindex IF interface

[0152] BER (Bit Error Rate)

[0153] BI Beam Index

[0154] BLER block error rate

[0155] BPSK binary phase shift keying

[0156] BWP bandwidth portion

[0157] CAZAC constant amplitude zero cross-correlation

[0158] CB code block

[0159] CBB code block bundling

[0160] CBG code block group

[0161] CDM code division multiplexing

[0162] CM cubic measurement

[0163] Comm RXBB communication receiver baseband

[0164] CORESET Control Resource Set

[0165] CP loop prefix

[0166] CP remCP removal

[0167] CQI channel quality information

[0168] CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0169] CRS Common Reference Signal

[0170] CSI Channel Status Information

[0171] CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0172] DAI Downlink Assignment Indicator

[0173] DCI downlink control information

[0174] DFE (Digital Front End)

[0175] DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)

[0176] DFTS-FDMDFT-Extended-FDM

[0177] DM(-)Rs Demodulation Reference Signal (Signaling)

[0178] eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

[0179] FDD Frequency Division Duplex

[0180] FDE frequency domain equalization

[0181] FDF frequency domain filter

[0182] FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)

[0183] FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)

[0184] GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output)

[0185] HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0186] IAB Integration Access and Backhaul

[0187] IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform)

[0188] Imaginary part of Im (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK modulation)

[0189] IR impulse response

[0190] ISI Inter-symbol Interference

[0191] JCAS Joint Communication and Sensing

[0192] MBB Mobile Broadband

[0193] MCS modulation and coding scheme

[0194] MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

[0195] MRC maximum ratio merging

[0196] MRT maximum ratio transmission

[0197] MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output)

[0198] OFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access

[0199] PAPR Peak-to-average power ratio

[0200] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0201] PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0202] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

[0203] PRB Physical Resource Block

[0204] PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

[0205] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0206] (P)SCCH (Physical) Side Link Control Channel

[0207] PSS Master Synchronization Signal (Signaling)

[0208] PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signaling

[0209] (P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared Channel

[0210] QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

[0211] OCC Orthogonal Cover Code

[0212] QPSK quadrature phase shift keying

[0213] PSD power spectral density

[0214] RAN Radio Access Network

[0215] RAT radio access technology

[0216] RB resource blocks

[0217] RE Resource Elements

[0218] Re real part (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK modulation)

[0219] RF radio frequency

[0220] RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0221] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0222] RX receiver, receiving, receiving related / receiving side

[0223] SA Scheduling Assignment

[0224] SC-FDE single-carrier frequency domain equalization

[0225] SC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access

[0226] SCI sidelink control information

[0227] SINR signal versus interference plus noise ratio

[0228] SIR signal-to-interference ratio

[0229] SNR signal-to-noise ratio

[0230] SPI serial to parallel interface

[0231] SR scheduling request

[0232] SRS detection reference signal (signaling)

[0233] SSS secondary synchronization signal (signaling)

[0234] Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)

[0235] TB transport block

[0236] TDD Time Division Duplex

[0237] TDM Time Division Multiplexing

[0238] T-RS tracking reference signaling or timing reference signaling

[0239] TX transmitter, transmission, transmission related / transmission side

[0240] UCI uplink control information

[0241] UDC up / down converter, from BB-RF hybrid

[0242] UE User Equipment

[0243] URLLC ultra-low latency and high reliability communication

[0244] VL-MIMO (Very Large Scale Multiple Input Multiple Output)

[0245] WD Wireless Devices

[0246] Wfg waveform generator

[0247] ZCZadoff-Chu

[0248] ZF forces zero

[0249] ZP zero power, such as silent CSI-RS symbol

[0250] If applicable, consider following the abbreviations used by 3GPP.

Claims

1. A method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the wireless device being configured to communicate using carrier aggregation, the method comprising communicating based on a resource allocation indication in a received control information message, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

2. A wireless device for a wireless communication network, the wireless device being configured to communicate using carrier aggregation, the wireless device being adapted to communicate based on a resource allocation indication in a received control information message, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

3. A method of operating a network node in a wireless communication network, the method comprising transmitting a control information message to a wireless device, the control information message comprising a resource allocation indication, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

4. A network node for a wireless communication network, the network node being adapted to transmit a control information message to a wireless device, the control information message comprising a resource allocation indication, the resource allocation indication indicating frequency resources on multiple carriers.

5. The method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, The resource allocation indication comprises multiple bits and / or bit fields.

6. The method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, The resource allocation indication relates to resource allocation covering multiple carriers.

7. The method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, The resource allocation indication indicates a reference resource and an allocation length.

8. The method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, The resource allocation indication indicates a hole in the resource allocation.

9. The method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, The resource allocation indication addresses frequency resources in units of resource blocks or resource block groups.

10. The method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, The resource allocation indication addresses frequency resources in resource blocks or resource block groups of different sizes.

11. A program product comprising instructions causing a processing circuitry to control and / or perform a method according to any one of claims 1, 3 or 5-10.

12. A carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product according to claim 11.

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