Joint training model

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of teaching apparatus, and provides a joint training model to solve the problem that current joint models cannot simulate real pathological feeling, resulting in poor palpation training effect of students. The present application comprises a simulated humerus, a simulated ulna and radius, and a simulated muscle connecting the simulated humerus and the simulated ulna and radius; one end of the simulated ulna and radius is provided with a joint socket, the joint socket comprises a mounting seat connected with the end of the simulated ulna and radius, a rough surface socket layer provided on one side of the mounting seat, a sliding rod provided on one side of the rough surface socket layer, a compression spring sleeved on the sliding rod, and a sliding surface socket layer provided on one end of the sliding rod; one end of the simulated humerus is provided with a humeral head, the surface of the humeral head is spherical, and the humeral head is covered with a joint capsule; through the adjustable joint socket structure and the inflatable joint capsule, the friction feeling of cartilage wear and the stiffness feeling of joint capsule contracture are simulated respectively, and the quantifiable and repeatable palpation training conditions are provided for students.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of teaching equipment technology, and in particular to a joint training model. Background Technology

[0002] Diagnosing joint diseases is fundamental and crucial in orthopedics, rehabilitation medicine, and sports medicine. Palpation, as an important physical examination method, requires physicians to perceive the biomechanical information conveyed by the joint during passive movement, thereby determining its physiological or pathological state. Two common and typical pathological signs include: the bony hardness and resistance felt at the end of activity in osteoarthritis, and the diffuse cystic tension caused by joint capsule contracture. Accurately identifying these subtle tactile sensations is essential for early diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning.

[0003] However, current methods for training medical students and junior physicians in these palpation skills are significantly inadequate, primarily relying on the following two approaches:

[0004] Standardized patients: While they can provide realistic interaction, they cannot precisely control and repeat specific pathological signs. The feel of the patients varies from person to person, making it impossible to conduct standardized comparisons and assessments. Furthermore, they are difficult to simulate severe structural lesions.

[0005] Static anatomical models or simple joint models: Most existing joint teaching models are static displays or can only simulate simple hinge movements. Their function is limited to displaying anatomical structures and cannot simulate the biomechanical feedback unique to different pathological states during dynamic activities. For example, these models cannot reproduce the bony impingement sensation in the end stage of osteoarthritis, nor can they provide the uniform and elastic resistance to movement when the joint capsule is contracted. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, a joint training model is needed to solve the problem that current joint models cannot simulate the real pathological feel, resulting in poor palpation training effects for trainees.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the inventors provide a joint training model, including a simulated humerus, a simulated radius and ulna, and simulated muscles connecting the simulated humerus and the simulated radius and ulna;

[0008] The simulated radius and ulna has a joint socket at one end. The joint socket includes a mounting base connected to the end of the simulated radius and ulna, a roughened socket layer on one side of the mounting base, a sliding rod on one side of the roughened socket layer, a compression spring sleeved on the sliding rod, and a smoothed socket layer at one end of the sliding rod. The roughened socket layer is sleeved on the sliding rod. The joint socket is symmetrically provided with distance fixing components on both sides to fix the distance between the roughened socket layer and the smoothed socket layer. The roughened socket layer is distributed with strip-shaped columns, and the surface of the smoothed socket layer is distributed with sliding holes corresponding to the strip-shaped columns.

[0009] The simulated humerus has a humeral head at one end, the surface of which is spherical, and a joint capsule covering the humeral head. The joint capsule includes a cavity that fits the humeral head and a gliding flap disposed on one side of the cavity that contacts the glenoid fossa. The cavity is connected to a trachea, which is equipped with a one-way valve and a needle valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance-fixing component includes a limiting rod disposed on one side of the convex surface of the smooth recess and a limiting ring disposed on one side of the concave surface of the rough recess.

[0011] Furthermore, the distance-fixing component includes a hanging groove on one side of the convex surface of the smooth recess and a hook on one side of the concave surface of the rough recess. The hook includes an elastic rod with one end connected to the rough recess and a wedge at the free end of the elastic rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the simulated humerus and the humeral head are connected by a rotating component. The rotating component includes a connecting rod on one side of the humeral head, protrusions symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting rod, a mounting cylinder sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod, and a mounting plate at the end of the mounting cylinder. One side of the mounting plate is provided with a threaded rod that is threadedly connected to the connecting rod. The inner sidewall of the mounting cylinder is provided with a limiting piece that cooperates with the protrusions to limit the rotation angle of the connecting rod. One end of the simulated humerus is provided with a mounting groove, and the mounting cylinder is disposed in the mounting groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the convex side of the slider is provided with a textured surface.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a simulated torso and simulated arms located on both sides of the simulated torso. The simulated arms include an upper arm and a forearm. One end of the upper arm is connected to the simulated torso, and the other end of the upper arm is provided with the humeral head. The simulated humerus is located inside the upper arm, and the simulated radius and ulna are located inside the forearm.

[0015] Furthermore, one end of the trachea is connected to a manual airbag.

[0016] Furthermore, the simulated humerus has a pin hole on one side of the humeral head, and a blocking pin passes through the pin hole. The blocking pin is arc-shaped.

[0017] Furthermore, the blocking pin has baffles at both ends, and the cross-section of the baffles is larger than that of the blocking pin.

[0018] Furthermore, an elastic layer is provided on the outer side of the blocking pin or the inner wall of the pin hole, and the inner diameter of the pin hole is smaller than the sum of the thickness of the blocking pin and the elastic layer.

[0019] The above technical solution has the following advantages, unlike existing technologies:

[0020] 1. This invention uses an adjustable joint socket structure and an inflatable joint capsule to simulate two key pathological signs: the frictional sensation of cartilage wear and the stiffness of joint capsule contracture. This provides trainees with quantifiable and repeatable palpation training conditions, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0021] 2. This invention provides two simple, reliable and low-cost distance fixing methods that can effectively lock the distance between the rough surface recess and the smooth surface recess, ensuring the stability of the friction sensation during joint movement.

[0022] 3. This invention can realistically simulate the rotation angle of the human forearm through the mechanical interference between the protrusion and the limiting plate. Trainees can clearly feel the obstruction during operation, which is highly consistent with the characteristics of the real human body and has a high degree of simulation.

[0023] 4. The present invention can significantly increase the frictional resistance when the slide contacts the strip column by setting the concave and convex texture on the surface of the slide, simulating the friction and twisting sensation caused by reduced synovial fluid or inflammatory hyperplasia of the synovium, so that the simulation of joint stiffness is not only limited to limited movement, but also includes changes in the texture of movement, thus improving the realism of the simulation.

[0024] 5. This invention provides a low-cost, highly reliable, and intuitive inflation solution. The manual airbag requires no electricity, has a simple and durable structure, and the inflation volume can be roughly controlled by the force and number of squeezes. It is very suitable for repeated use in teaching scenarios and reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs of models.

[0025] 6. This invention uses an arc-shaped blocking pin to make a hard collision with the opposite simulated radius and ulna when the joint moves to a specific angle, thus reproducing the typical feel of osteophyte impact.

[0026] 7. By setting an elastic layer, the present invention can achieve an interference fit between the blocking pin and the pin hole, so that it can be firmly fixed and adjusted when needed, so that it can have a hard collision with the simulated radius and ulna on the opposite side. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the humeral head and glenoid fossa mating structure in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the humeral head in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the distance-fixing component structure in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the articular fossa in this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spacing component structure in a preferred embodiment;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mounting cylinder in this embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] Simulated torso 1;

[0037] Simulated arm 2; upper arm 21; forearm 22;

[0038] Simulated humerus 3; humeral head 31; joint capsule 32; capsule cavity 321; synovial flap 322; trachea 323; one-way valve 324; needle valve 325; manual airbag 326; mounting groove 33; pin hole 34; blocking pin 35; baffle 351; elastic layer 352;

[0039] Simulate radius and ulna 4;

[0040] Simulated muscle 5;

[0041] Joint socket 6; mounting base 61; roughened recess 62; strip column 621; sliding rod 63; compression spring 64; smooth recess 65; sliding hole 651;

[0042] Distance fixing component 7; Limiting rod 71; Limiting ring 72; Hanging groove 73; Hook 74; Elastic rod 741; Wedge block 742;

[0043] Rotating component 8; connecting rod 81; protrusion 82; mounting cylinder 83; mounting plate 84; threaded rod 85; limiting piece 86. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0047] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0048] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order relationship between these entities or operations.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0050] As understood in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0052] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] Please see Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the overall structure of this embodiment includes a simulated torso 1 and simulated arms 2 located on both sides of the simulated torso 1. The simulated arms 2 include an upper arm 21 and a forearm 22. One end of the upper arm 21 is connected to the simulated torso 1. A simulated humerus 3 is disposed inside the upper arm 21, and a simulated radius and ulna 4 is disposed inside the forearm 22. The simulated humerus 3 and the simulated radius and ulna 4 are connected near their ends by simulated muscles 5.

[0054] The simulated radius and ulna 4 protrudes from the forearm 22 near the upper arm 21 and has a joint socket 6. The joint socket 6 includes a mounting base 61 connected to the end of the simulated radius and ulna 4, a roughened socket 62 on one side of the mounting base 61, a sliding rod 63 on one side of the roughened socket 62, a compression spring 64 sleeved on the sliding rod 63, and a smoothed socket 65 at one end of the sliding rod 63. The roughened socket 62 is sleeved on the sliding rod 63. The joint socket 6 has symmetrically arranged distance fixing components 7 on both sides to fix the distance between the roughened socket 62 and the smoothed socket 65. The roughened socket 62 has strip-shaped columns 621 distributed on it, and the surface of the smoothed socket 65 has sliding holes 651 corresponding to the strip-shaped columns 621.

[0055] The compression spring 64 provides an elastic preload to the rough surface recess 62 that is always kept away from the smooth surface recess 65.

[0056] In this embodiment, the distance-fixing component 7 includes a limiting rod 71 disposed on the convex side of the smooth recess 65 and a limiting ring 72 disposed on the concave side of the rough recess 62. One end of the limiting rod 71 is connected to the smooth recess 65, and the other end of the limiting rod 71 extends in an arc shape to one side. When the limiting rod 71 is not engaged with the limiting ring 72, the strip-shaped pillars 621 distributed on the surface of the rough recess 62 do not protrude from the sliding holes 651 distributed on the surface of the smooth recess 65. The rough recess 62 slides and rotates along the sliding rod 63, causing the limiting rod 71 to engage with the limiting ring 72. When the ring 72 is engaged, the strip-shaped pillars 621 distributed on the surface of the roughened recess 62 protrude from the sliding holes 651 distributed on the surface of the smooth recess 65, thereby increasing the friction of the joint socket 6. When the roughened recess 62 is rotated in the opposite direction, the limiting rod 71 disengages from the limiting ring 72, causing the strip-shaped pillars 621 to retract into the sliding holes 651, and the joint socket 6 becomes smooth again. By setting different distances between the roughened recess 62 and the smooth recess 65 through the distance fixing component, the cartilage friction sensation of normal joints and worn joints can be simulated, realizing the simulation of cartilage wear and providing students with different tactile feedback.

[0057] In other preferred embodiments, the distance fixing component 7 includes a hanging groove 73 disposed on the convex side of the smooth recess 65 and a hook 74 disposed on the concave side of the rough recess 62. The hook 74 includes an elastic rod 741 connected at one end to the rough recess 62 and a wedge 742 disposed at the free end of the elastic rod 741. When the wedge 742 is not engaged with the hanging groove 73, the strip-shaped pillars 621 distributed on the surface of the rough recess 62 do not protrude from the sliding holes 651 distributed on the surface of the smooth recess 65. Sliding the rough recess 62 along the sliding rod 63 causes the wedge 742 to engage with the hanging groove 73, causing the strip-shaped pillars 621 distributed on the surface of the rough recess 62 to protrude from the sliding holes 651 distributed on the surface of the smooth recess 65, thereby increasing the friction of the joint socket 6. Moving the elastic rod 741 causes the wedge 742 to disengage from the hanging groove 73, causing the strip-shaped pillars 621 to retract into the sliding holes 651, and the joint socket 6 becomes smooth again.

[0058] The simulated humerus 3 extends from the upper arm 21 near the forearm 22 and has a humeral head 31. The surface of the humeral head 31 is spherical, and the humeral head 31 is covered with a joint capsule 32. The joint capsule 32 includes a capsule cavity 321 that fits the humeral head and a slide 322 that is located on one side of the capsule cavity 321 and contacts the articular fossa 6. The capsule cavity 321 is connected to a trachea 323, and the trachea 323 is equipped with a one-way valve 324 and a needle valve 325.

[0059] One end of the trachea 323 is connected to a manual airbag 326. On the trachea 323, a one-way valve 324 is provided to allow gas to enter the airbag cavity 321 in one direction, and a needle valve 325 is used for deflating. The one-way valve 324 is a diaphragm one-way micro plastic valve, and the needle valve 325 is a micro plastic needle valve. The manual airbag 326, the one-way valve 324 and the needle valve 325 can all be purchased from the market and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] The cavity 321 is made of flexible silicone, and the slide 322 is made of metal. To enhance the realism of the simulation, a textured surface can be made on the convex side of the slide 322 to increase the friction sensation under the pathological state of cartilage wear.

[0061] By repeatedly squeezing the manual air bladder 326, air enters the bladder cavity 321 through the one-way valve 324, causing it to expand and generate a uniform and elastic restraining force on the movement of the humeral head 31, simulating the cystic tension caused by contracture. The pressure release rate or pressure maintenance is controlled by the needle valve 325 to simulate different degrees of stiffness from mild fibrosis to severe frozen shoulder.

[0062] The simulated humerus 3 and the humeral head 31 are connected by a rotating component 8. The rotating component 8 includes a connecting rod 81 on one side of the humeral head 31, protrusions 82 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting rod 81, a mounting cylinder 83 sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod 81, and a mounting plate 84 at the end of the mounting cylinder 83. A threaded rod 85 threadedly connected to the connecting rod 81 is provided on one side of the mounting plate 84. A limiting piece 86 is provided on the inner side wall of the mounting cylinder 83 to cooperate with the protrusions 82 to limit the rotation angle of the connecting rod 81. A mounting groove 33 is opened at one end of the simulated humerus 3, and the mounting cylinder 83 is disposed in the mounting groove 33.

[0063] In this embodiment, the simulated muscle 5 is made of steel wire rope and is set on both sides of the joint socket 6. Since the humeral head 31 and the joint socket 6 are set in the gap between the simulated humerus 3 and the simulated radius and ulna 4, the distance between them is limited, which results in the limited rotation angle of the forearm 22 relative to the upper arm 21. It cannot reach the rotation angle of a normal human body. Therefore, the setting of the rotating component 8 can supplement the rotation angle of the forearm 22. At the same time, the rotation shape of the forearm 22 can be more realistic.

[0064] The simulated humerus 3 has a pin hole 34 on one side of the humeral head 31, and a blocking pin 35 passes through the pin hole 34. The blocking pin 35 is arc-shaped.

[0065] The blocking pin 35 can slide within the pin hole 34. Adjusting the different protrusion heights of the blocking pin 35 on the upper and lower sides of the pin hole 34, when the glenoid fossa 6 moves to a specific angle (the terminal phase of the forearm 22 contraction), the extended blocking pin 35 will make a hard collision with the glenoid fossa 6 on the opposite side, producing a "bone sensation" and simulating the signs of osteophyte hyperplasia.

[0066] The blocking pin 35 is provided with baffles 351 at both ends. The cross-section of the baffles 351 is larger than that of the blocking pin 35. The baffles 351 are provided to prevent the blocking pin 35 from dislodging from the pin hole 34.

[0067] In this embodiment, the outer side of the blocking pin 35 has an elastic layer 352, the inner diameter of the pin hole 34 is smaller than the sum of the thickness of the blocking pin 35 and the elastic layer 352, the elastic layer 352 is made of silicone, and the elastic layer 352 can fix the blocking pin 35 more firmly through its deformation.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A joint training model, characterized in that, The simulation humerus, the simulation ulna and radius, and the simulation muscle connecting the simulation humerus and the simulation ulna and radius; The simulation ulna and radius is provided with a joint socket at one end, the joint socket comprises a mounting seat connected with the end of the simulation ulna and radius, a rough surface socket layer provided on one side of the mounting seat, a sliding rod provided on one side of the rough surface socket layer, a compression spring sleeved on the sliding rod, and a sliding surface socket layer provided on one end of the sliding rod, the rough surface socket layer is sleeved on the sliding rod, and the joint socket is provided with a distance fixing assembly symmetrically on both sides to fix the distance between the rough surface socket layer and the sliding surface socket layer, the rough surface socket layer is distributed with a strip-shaped column, and the sliding surface socket layer is distributed with a sliding hole corresponding to the strip-shaped column on the surface. The simulation humerus is provided with a humeral head at one end, the surface of the humeral head is spherical, the humeral head is covered with a joint capsule, the joint capsule comprises a capsule cavity matched with the humeral head and a sliding sheet in contact with the joint socket on one side of the capsule cavity, and the capsule cavity is connected with an air pipe, and the air pipe is provided with a one-way valve and a needle valve. The distance fixing assembly comprises a limiting rod provided on one side of the convex surface of the sliding surface socket layer and a limiting ring provided on one side of the concave surface of the rough surface socket layer, or the distance fixing assembly comprises a hanging groove provided on one side of the convex surface of the sliding surface socket layer and a hook provided on one side of the concave surface of the rough surface socket layer, and the hook comprises an elastic rod connected with the rough surface socket layer at one end and a wedge block provided on the free end of the elastic rod.

2. The joint training model of claim 1, wherein: The simulation humerus and the humeral head are connected through a rotating component, the rotating component comprises a connecting rod provided on one side of the humeral head, protrusions symmetrically provided on both sides of the connecting rod, a mounting cylinder sleeved on the outer side of the connecting rod, and a mounting plate provided on the end of the mounting cylinder, one side of the mounting plate is provided with a threaded rod threadedly connected with the connecting rod, and the inner side wall of the mounting cylinder is provided with a limiting piece matched with the protrusions to limit the rotating angle of the connecting rod, and one end of the simulation humerus is provided with a mounting groove, and the mounting cylinder is arranged in the mounting groove.

3. The joint training model of claim 1, wherein: The convex surface of the sliding sheet is provided with concave-convex textures on one side.

4. The joint training model of claim 1, wherein: The simulation humerus, the simulation ulna and radius, and the simulation muscle connecting the simulation humerus and the humeral head are arranged in the big arm and the small arm.

5. The joint training model of claim 1, wherein: One end of the air pipe is connected with a manual air bag.

6. The joint training model of claim 1, wherein: The simulation humerus is provided with a pin hole on one side of the humeral head, a blocking pin is arranged in the pin hole, and the blocking pin is arc-shaped.

7. The joint training model of claim 6, wherein: The blocking pin is provided with a baffle at both ends, and the cross section of the baffle is larger than that of the blocking pin.

8. The joint training model of claim 6, wherein: The outer side of the blocking pin or the inner wall of the pin hole is provided with an elastic layer, and the inner diameter of the pin hole is smaller than the sum of the thickness of the blocking pin and the elastic layer.

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