Artificial wetland and carbon source intelligent regulation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to sewage treatment technical field, disclose a kind of artificial wetland and its carbon source intelligent control method.Artificial wetland includes: artificial medium composite layer, carbon source control mechanism, water inlet mechanism and water outlet mechanism.Artificial medium composite layer includes flow guide layer, reaction layer and sediment layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and reaction layer is provided with installation module, and carbon source is arranged in installation module;Carbon source control mechanism includes: carbon source storage device, extraction device and conveying device, one end of conveying device is connected with carbon source storage device, the other end is connected with installation module, and extraction device is arranged in conveying device;Water inlet mechanism is connected with flow guide layer;Water outlet mechanism is connected with sediment layer.The present application provides carbon source to installation module by carbon source control mechanism, and carbon source is sufficient when artificial medium composite layer is treated to sewage.Carbon source control mechanism can control the supply speed of adjusting carbon source, can control denitrification process to carry out efficiently, inhibit phosphorus adsorption saturation phenomenon, and the efficiency of artificial wetland denitrification and phosphorus removal is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to an artificial wetland and its intelligent carbon source control method. Background Technology

[0002] Constructed wetlands are artificially built and controlled ground similar to marshes. Wastewater and sludge are distributed onto the constructed wetlands in a controlled manner. As the wastewater and sludge flow in a certain direction, the physical, chemical, and biological synergistic effects of soil, artificial media, plants, and microorganisms can treat the wastewater and sludge.

[0003] Existing constructed wetlands employ vertically stratified filtration structures, such as zeolite layers, steel slag-peat mixed layers, and volcanic rock-quartz sand layers, to filter wastewater flowing into the constructed wetland in stages. However, constructed wetlands with such structures have limited carbon sources, which can lead to reduced denitrification efficiency and rapid phosphorus adsorption saturation during the treatment process, thus reducing the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an artificial wetland and a method for intelligent regulation of its carbon source, in order to solve the problem that existing artificial wetlands have reduced denitrification efficiency due to insufficient carbon source and rapid phosphorus adsorption saturation during the treatment process, thus resulting in low nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an artificial wetland, comprising:

[0006] An artificial media composite layer, comprising a flow guiding layer, a reaction layer and a precipitation layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom, wherein the reaction layer is provided with an installation module and a carbon source is provided within the installation module;

[0007] A carbon source control mechanism, comprising: a carbon source storage device, an extraction device, and a conveying device, wherein one end of the conveying device is connected to the carbon source storage device, and the other end is connected to the installation module, and the extraction device is disposed on the conveying device;

[0008] Water inlet mechanism, wherein the water inlet mechanism is connected to the flow guide layer;

[0009] A water outlet mechanism, which is connected to the sedimentation layer.

[0010] Beneficial effects:

[0011] The carbon source control mechanism provides a sufficient carbon source to the installed modules, ensuring adequate carbon supply for the artificial media composite layer during wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the mechanism can regulate the carbon source supply rate, further controlling the denitrification process for greater efficiency and suppressing phosphorus adsorption saturation, thus resulting in higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in the constructed wetland.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the mounting module is a polylactic acid module.

[0013] Beneficial effects:

[0014] The porous structure of polylactic acid modules can limit the release rate of carbon sources, allowing them to be released slowly into wastewater and improving denitrification efficiency.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the flow-guiding layer is provided with a volcanic rock-biochar composite material.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the volcanic rock-biochar composite material comprises 70% volcanic rock, 20% biochar, and 10% pH-sensitive polymer material.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] This flow-guiding layer structure, through physical filtration and adsorption, can initially intercept and adsorb suspended solids, some organic matter, and heavy metals in wastewater. It also guides wastewater to a uniform distribution into the reaction layer, while providing an attachment site for microorganisms, promoting the initial degradation of pollutants.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the reaction layer is provided with iron-manganese modified zeolite.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] Iron-manganese modified zeolite, through chemical modification, increases its adsorption and exchange capacity for ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. The porous structure of the zeolite can adsorb ammonia nitrogen in water, while the introduction of iron and manganese can form insoluble phosphates with phosphorus, thereby achieving effective phosphorus removal. This reaction layer can generate strong electrostatic adsorption and complexation effects with pollutants, exhibiting strong adaptability, fast adsorption rate, and high removal efficiency.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, a photocatalytic material is added to the iron-manganese modified zeolite.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] When photocatalytic materials are added to iron-manganese modified zeolite, they can generate strong oxidizing substances when excited under light, which can decompose recalcitrant organic matter.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the precipitate layer is provided with a phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material contains 60%-70% phosphogypsum, 15%-20% clay, 10%-15% fly ash, and 5%-10% magnetic nanomaterials.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The sedimentation layer provides a settling space for sludge, preventing sludge loss. Furthermore, the calcium ions in the phosphogypsum react with the phosphorus in the water to generate calcium phosphate precipitate, thereby removing suspended solids and phosphorus from the water and ensuring the quality of the effluent.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the flow guiding layer is 30-50 cm, the thickness of the reaction layer is 40-60 cm, and the thickness of the precipitation layer is 30-50 cm.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the water inlet mechanism and the water outlet mechanism are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the artificial media composite layer. A first guide wall is disposed between the flow guiding layer and the reaction layer, and a first guide port is disposed between the first guide wall and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer near the water outlet mechanism. A second guide wall is disposed between the reaction layer and the sedimentation layer, and a second guide port is disposed between the second guide wall and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer near the water inlet mechanism.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, a geotextile layer is provided between the flow guiding layer and the reaction layer, and between the reaction layer and the sedimentation layer.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] Geotextile layers have good permeability and filtration performance, and can effectively filter fine particles to prevent the loss of matrix such as ceramsite and zeolite.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, a soil layer is disposed above the flow-guiding layer, the soil layer being suitable for planting aquatic plants.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] Planting aquatic plants can adsorb and filter impurities in wastewater, improving the wastewater treatment effect of constructed wetlands.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, an ammonia nitrogen monitoring mechanism is further included. The ammonia nitrogen monitoring mechanism includes a data acquisition module, a transmission module, and a control module. The data acquisition module includes a first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device disposed on the water inlet mechanism and a second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device disposed on the water outlet mechanism. The first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device and the second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device are connected to the input end of the transmission module, the output end of the transmission module is connected to the control module, and the control module is connected to the extraction device.

[0038] Beneficial effects:

[0039] The ammonia nitrogen monitoring agency can monitor the water quality of both influent and effluent. The carbon source control agency can adjust the carbon source supply rate according to the monitoring data to ensure sufficient carbon source supply and enable the denitrification process to proceed continuously and efficiently.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the constructed wetland further includes an adaptive buffer reactor located downstream of the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device. The reactor's inlet and outlet are both connected to the inlet mechanism, and the inlet, outlet, and inlet mechanism are all equipped with control valves. The control module is connected to the control valves.

[0041] Beneficial effects:

[0042] When the influent water quality is poor, an adaptive buffer reactor can be used for a first-round treatment to reduce the pollution impact load on the artificial media composite layer and ensure the sewage treatment effect.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the adaptive buffer reactor includes four chambers arranged sequentially from the inlet to the outlet. The first chamber is provided with coarse gravel and pH buffer material, the second chamber is provided with fine gravel and potential regulating material, the third chamber is provided with activated carbon and zeolite, and the fourth chamber is provided with fine sand and biological activated carbon.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the volume ratio of the four chambers from the water inlet to the water outlet is 1:1.2:1.5:1.8.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the total volume of the adaptive buffer reactor is 10%-20% of the volume of the artificial media composite layer.

[0046] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for intelligent regulation of carbon sources in constructed wetlands, applied to the constructed wetlands, comprising:

[0047] The control module calculates the amount of carbon source to be added based on the influent flow rate and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the first ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism to add carbon source to the installation module.

[0048] The control module calculates the amount of carbon source that needs to be added to the installation module based on the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the second ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism to add carbon source to the installation module.

[0049] Beneficial effects:

[0050] By monitoring the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the effluent in real time, an appropriate amount of carbon source is added to the installed module to ensure a sufficient supply of carbon source during the wastewater treatment process and the efficient operation of the denitrification process.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the control module (73) calculates the amount of carbon source to be added based on the influent flow rate and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the first ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism (2) to add carbon source to the installation module (14). In this step, the amount of carbon source to be added is calculated using the following formula:

[0052] ;

[0053] in That is, the amount of carbon source added in advance. It is the chemical oxygen demand equivalent of the carbon source used; α is the ammonia nitrogen influence factor, with a value range of 0~0.5; and These are the nitrogen and ammonia concentrations, respectively. That is, the inflow rate.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the control module calculates the amount of carbon source to be added to the installation module based on the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the second ammonia nitrogen device, and in the step of controlling the carbon source regulation mechanism to add carbon source to the installation module, the amount of carbon source is calculated using the following formula:

[0055] ;

[0056] in The amount of carbon source that needs to be replenished; It is a proportionality coefficient, reflecting the adjustment strength of the current error; These are integral coefficients, used to eliminate historical accumulated errors; These are the differential coefficients, used to predict future error trends. It is an instantaneous error.

[0057] Beneficial effects:

[0058] The formula enables precise calculation of carbon sources, making carbon source addition more refined and controllable. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an artificial wetland according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive buffer reactor in an artificial wetland according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control system for an ammonia nitrogen monitoring device in an artificial wetland according to the present invention.

[0063] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0064] 1. Artificial medium composite layer; 11. Flow guiding layer; 12. Reaction layer; 13. Sedimentation layer; 14. Installation module; 15. First flow guiding wall; 16. Second flow guiding wall;

[0065] 2. Carbon source regulation mechanism; 21. Carbon source storage device; 22. Extraction device; 23. Conveying device;

[0066] 3. Water inlet mechanism;

[0067] 4. Water outlet mechanism;

[0068] 5. Soil layer;

[0069] 6. Aquatic plants;

[0070] 7. Ammonia nitrogen monitoring agency; 71. Data acquisition module; 711. First ammonia nitrogen monitoring device; 712. Second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device; 72. Transmission module; 73. Control module;

[0071] 8. Adaptive buffer reactor; 81. First chamber; 82. Second chamber; 83. Third chamber; 84. Fourth chamber;

[0072] 9. Control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0073] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] The following is combined Figures 1 to 3 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an artificial wetland is provided, comprising: an artificial media composite layer 1, a carbon source control mechanism 2, an inlet mechanism 3, and an outlet mechanism 4. The artificial media composite layer 1 includes, from top to bottom, a flow guiding layer 11, a reaction layer 12, and a sedimentation layer 13. The reaction layer 12 is provided with an installation module 14, and a carbon source is disposed within the installation module 14. The carbon source control mechanism 2 includes: a carbon source storage device 21, an extraction device 22, and a conveying device 23. One end of the conveying device 23 is connected to the carbon source storage device 21, and the other end is connected to the installation module 14. The extraction device 22 is disposed within the conveying device 23. The inlet mechanism 3 is connected to the flow guiding layer 11. The outlet mechanism 4 is connected to the sedimentation layer 13.

[0076] The inlet mechanism 3 uses an inlet pipe, and the outlet mechanism 4 uses an outlet pipe. Both the inlet mechanism 3 and the outlet mechanism 4 are connected to the artificial media composite layer 1. Wastewater enters the guide layer 11 in the artificial media composite layer 1 from the inlet mechanism 3, and then passes through the guide layer 11, the reaction layer 12, and the sedimentation layer 13 in sequence. After treatment, the wastewater is discharged from the sedimentation layer 13 through the outlet mechanism 4. The guide layer 11 mainly guides the wastewater to be evenly distributed into the artificial media composite layer 1. The reaction layer 12 mainly performs denitrification and phosphorus removal. After the carbon source in the installation module 14 is released, it combines with denitrifying bacteria in the wastewater to remove ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The carbon source regulation mechanism 2 can continuously provide carbon source to the installation module 14. Furthermore, the carbon source storage device 21 stores carbon source, which can be rice bran, wheat bran, starch, cassava flour, etc. The extraction device 22 is preferably a pump, and the conveying device 23 is a pipeline. The pump extracts carbon source from the carbon source storage device 21 and supplies it to the installation module 14 through the pipeline. Sedimentation layer 13 is mainly used for settling sludge.

[0077] During the wastewater treatment process, the carbon source control mechanism 2 can continuously provide a carbon source to the installation module 14 for the denitrification process. Furthermore, the extraction device 22 can regulate the carbon source supply rate, achieving controllable adjustment of the carbon (C) / nitrogen (N) ratio, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the denitrification process, thereby guaranteeing efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and resulting in high wastewater treatment efficiency in the constructed wetland.

[0078] In one embodiment, the mounting module 14 is a polylactic acid module.

[0079] The installation module 14 is made of polylactic acid (PLA). The porous structure of the PLA module can control the release rate of the carbon source, allowing the carbon source to be slowly released into the wastewater, providing a carbon source for denitrifying bacteria and improving denitrification efficiency.

[0080] In one embodiment, the flow-guiding layer 11 is provided with a volcanic rock-biochar composite material.

[0081] The flow guiding layer 11 has a thickness of 30-50 cm and contains a volcanic rock-biochar composite material. The volcanic rock-biochar composite material is composed of volcanic rock, biochar, and pH-sensitive polymer material with a particle size of 10-30 mm.

[0082] Specifically, the volcanic rocks selected are pumice, perlite, and other volcanic rocks with a natural honeycomb porous structure, with a particle size of 3-8 mm. Volcanic rocks possess good chemical stability, are corrosion-resistant, and do not participate in the biochemical reactions of biofilms. The porous structure of volcanic rocks provides a large specific surface area, which is beneficial for microbial attachment. Meanwhile, biochar has abundant micropores and mesopores, which can adsorb organic matter and some heavy metals.

[0083] Biochar is a porous solid particulate material made from carbon-rich biomass (such as wood, crop residues, and livestock manure) through high-temperature pyrolysis (usually 300-700℃) under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions. The porous structure of biochar provides a large specific surface area, resulting in good adsorption capacity and the ability to adsorb pollutants.

[0084] pH-sensitive polymer materials can be selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). At low temperatures, the molecular chains of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) shrink, which reduces the pore size of the flow-guiding layer 11 and automatically extends the hydraulic residence time. This can compensate for the decrease in biofilm activity caused by low temperatures and expose amide groups to enhance the adsorption of aromatic organic matter. At high temperatures, the chain segments extend, the pore size increases, and the oxygen mass transfer coefficient improves.

[0085] pH-sensitive polymers can also be made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMA). PMA undergoes carboxylation and coiling under acidic conditions, reducing porosity while increasing surface potential, which facilitates the interception and electrostatic adsorption of metal hydroxides. , Heavy metals; under alkaline conditions, the carboxyl groups are deprotonated and extended, increasing porosity and enhancing electronegativity, which can repel phosphate and humic acid, prevent calcium phosphate scale and organic colloid blockage, thereby extending the life of phosphorus adsorption sites and maintaining the permeability stability of the packing.

[0086] Preferably, in this embodiment, the volcanic rock-biochar composite material comprises 70% volcanic rock, 20% biochar, and 10% pH-sensitive polymer material. This ratio satisfies the requirements for smooth hydraulic flow, while also providing the maximum instantaneous adsorption capacity and reversible pore size adjustment range, making it the optimal ratio that balances flux, buffering, and functionality.

[0087] The main function of the flow guiding layer 11 is to guide the wastewater to be evenly distributed into the wetland system, prevent short-circuiting of the water flow, and provide an attachment site for microorganisms to promote the initial degradation of pollutants. The volcanic rock-biochar composite material can also initially intercept and adsorb suspended solids, some organic matter, and heavy metals in the wastewater through physical filtration and adsorption.

[0088] In one embodiment, the reaction layer 12 is provided with iron-manganese modified zeolite.

[0089] The reaction layer 12 has a thickness of 40-60 cm and contains iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) modified zeolite with a Fe:Mn ratio of 3:1 and a particle size of 5-10 mm. The Fe-Mn modified zeolite is composed of highly adsorption-active natural zeolite, loose and porous iron oxides, and manganese oxides. It has a large surface area and is rich in hydroxyl (Fe-O, Mn-O) active sites, enabling it to generate strong electrostatic adsorption and complexation effects with pollutants. It exhibits strong adaptability, fast adsorption rate, and high removal efficiency. Through chemical modification, the Fe-Mn modified zeolite increases its adsorption and exchange capacity for ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. The pore structure of the zeolite can adsorb ammonia nitrogen in the water, while the introduction of Fe and Mn can form insoluble phosphates with phosphorus, thereby achieving effective phosphorus removal.

[0090] The reaction layer 12 serves as the main reaction zone for wastewater treatment. Through ion exchange and adsorption, it efficiently removes ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. At the same time, it combines with the carbon source released from the installation module 14 to carry out denitrification reaction, thereby improving the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

[0091] In one embodiment, a photocatalytic material is added to the iron-manganese modified zeolite.

[0092] Photocatalytic materials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, can be added to iron-manganese modified zeolite. The amount of photocatalytic material added is 2% - 5% of the mass of the iron-manganese modified zeolite. Under light irradiation, the photocatalytic material can be excited to produce strong oxidizing substances, which decompose recalcitrant organic matter in wastewater.

[0093] In one embodiment, the precipitate layer 13 is provided with a phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material.

[0094] The thickness of the sedimentation layer 13 is 30-50cm. The sedimentation layer 13 is provided with phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material with a porosity of 40% and a particle size of 20-50mm. If the particle size is too small, the porosity of the sedimentation layer 13 will be too low, which will increase the resistance when water flows through and affect the sedimentation effect. If the particle size is too large, it will reduce the specific surface area of ​​the ceramsite, reduce the adsorption sites, and reduce the removal efficiency of pollutants.

[0095] Phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material mainly uses phosphogypsum as the primary raw material, with appropriate amounts of clay, fly ash, and magnetic nanomaterials (such as nano-ferric oxide) as auxiliary materials. Clay can improve the plasticity and processability of phosphogypsum, fly ash can increase the porosity and adsorption performance of the ceramsite, and magnetic nanomaterials enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Preferably, the phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material contains 60%-70% phosphogypsum, 15%-20% clay, 10%-15% fly ash, and 5%-10% magnetic nanomaterials.

[0096] Sediment layer 13 provides sedimentation space for sludge, preventing sludge loss. The phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material possesses excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability, and its porous structure facilitates sludge retention and sedimentation. Simultaneously, calcium ions in the phosphogypsum can further react with phosphorus in the wastewater to form calcium phosphate precipitate, enhancing phosphorus removal and ensuring effluent quality.

[0097] In this artificial media composite layer 1, the flow guiding layer 11 rationally guides the wastewater to a uniform distribution, avoiding short-circuiting and ensuring that the wastewater fully contacts and reacts with the packing material in each layer. The reaction layer 12 and sedimentation layer 13 have high treatment capacity, and the pollutant removal rate is relatively fast, thereby shortening the hydraulic retention time. According to Darcy's law, the hydraulic retention time is reduced by 30%.

[0098] In one embodiment, a geotextile layer is provided between the flow guiding layer 11 and the reaction layer 12, and between the reaction layer 12 and the sedimentation layer 13.

[0099] The geotextile layer is usually made of polyester filament geotextile, which has good water permeability and filtration performance. It can effectively filter fine particles, prevent iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) modified zeolite particles from entering the diversion layer 11, and also prevent the loss of matrices such as ceramsite and zeolite.

[0100] When laying reaction layer 12, iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) modified zeolite is laid on the geotextile layer, and then it needs to be vibrated with a plate vibrator to ensure that the zeolite is dense and uniform.

[0101] When laying the sedimentation layer 13, the phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material is evenly spread on the geotextile layer. This can be done manually or mechanically, ensuring uniform distribution of the ceramsite without obvious voids or accumulations. During laying, excessive pressure and friction on the geotextile should be avoided to prevent damage. A plate vibrator is used to compact the ceramsite layer, ensuring it is dense and uniform, thus improving the stability and filtration efficiency of the sedimentation layer 13. During vibration, the vibration time and intensity should be carefully controlled to prevent the ceramsite from breaking or the surface from becoming excessively smooth.

[0102] In one embodiment, the water inlet mechanism 3 and the water outlet mechanism 4 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the artificial media composite layer 1. A first guide wall 15 is disposed between the flow guiding layer 11 and the reaction layer 12, and a first guide port is disposed between the first guide wall 15 and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer 1 near the water outlet mechanism 4. A second guide wall 16 is disposed between the reaction layer 12 and the sedimentation layer 13, and a second guide port is disposed between the second guide wall 16 and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer 1 near the water inlet mechanism 3.

[0103] The inlet mechanism 3 and the outlet mechanism 4 are located on opposite sides of the artificial media composite layer 1, and a guide wall is provided between adjacent layers. The first guide wall 15 between the guide layer 11 and the reaction layer 12 has a first guide port between it and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer 1. The second guide wall 16 between the reaction layer 12 and the sedimentation layer 13 has a second guide port between it and the other side wall of the artificial media composite layer 1. The arrangement of the first guide port and the second guide port enables the formation of a sewage flow path in the artificial media composite layer 1.

[0104] The flow guide wall can significantly extend the hydraulic residence time and suppress short-circuiting, while achieving interlayer particle isolation and independent maintenance of a single layer, ensuring the long-term stability of the hydraulic and water quality performance of the artificial medium composite layer 1.

[0105] In one embodiment, a soil layer 5 is provided above the flow guide layer 11, and the soil layer 5 is suitable for planting aquatic plants 6.

[0106] The soil layer 5 can be made of fertile topsoil or improved soil, with a thickness of 15-20cm. Aquatic plants 6, such as common emergent plants like reeds, canna lilies, and calamus, can be planted on this layer. Any one or more of these plants can be planted together. The aquatic plants 6 not only absorb pollutants from the wastewater but also serve as ornamental plants.

[0107] In one embodiment, the constructed wetland further includes an ammonia nitrogen monitoring mechanism 7, which includes a data acquisition module 71, a transmission module 72, and a control module 73. The data acquisition module 71 includes a first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711 installed in the water inlet mechanism 3 and a second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712 installed in the water outlet mechanism 4. The first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711 and the second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712 are connected to the input end of the transmission module 72, and the output end of the transmission module 72 is connected to the control module 73. The control module 73 is connected to the extraction device 22.

[0108] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711 includes: an ammonia (NH4) ion exchanger. + ) concentration monitoring device and a nitrogen (NO3) - The same second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712 also includes: an ammonia (NH4) concentration detection device. + ) concentration monitoring device and a nitrogen (NO3) - Ammonia nitrogen concentration detection devices are included. A first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711 monitors the ammonia nitrogen concentration of wastewater in the inlet mechanism 3 (inlet pipe), and a second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712 monitors the ammonia nitrogen concentration of wastewater in the outlet mechanism 4 (outlet pipe). The monitoring data from the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711 and the second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712 are transmitted to the control module 73 via the transmission module 72. The control module 73 calculates the initial amount of carbon source to be added based on the monitoring data from the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711, and uses a fuzzy PID algorithm (proportional coefficient K) based on the monitoring data from the second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712. p Integral coefficient K i Differential coefficient K d Calculate the amount of carbon source that needs to be added to ensure sufficient carbon source during wastewater treatment.

[0109] In other embodiments, the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711 and the second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 712 may also use ammonia (NH4) + ) concentration monitoring and nitrogen (NO3) - A monitoring device that integrates concentration monitoring.

[0110] In one embodiment, the constructed wetland further includes an adaptive buffer reactor 8, which is located downstream of the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device 711, and the inlet end, outlet end and inlet mechanism 3 are all equipped with control valves 9, and the control module 73 is connected to the control valves 9.

[0111] The adaptive buffer reactor 8 is connected in parallel to the inlet mechanism 3 (inlet pipe), and the inlet and outlet of sewage are controlled by the control valve 9. When the sewage quality is poor and exceeds the set threshold, the control module 73 opens the control valves 9 at the inlet and outlet of the adaptive buffer reactor and closes the control valve 9 of the inlet mechanism 3. The sewage will first enter the adaptive buffer reactor 8 for treatment, and then enter the artificial media composite layer 1 for treatment. This can reduce the impact load of pollution on the artificial media composite layer 1.

[0112] In one embodiment, the total volume of the adaptive buffer reactor 8 is 10%-20% of the volume of the artificial media composite layer 1.

[0113] In one embodiment, the adaptive buffer reactor 8 includes four chambers arranged sequentially from the inlet to the outlet. The first chamber 81 is provided with coarse gravel and pH buffer material, the second chamber 82 is provided with fine gravel and potential regulating material, the third chamber 83 is provided with activated carbon and zeolite, and the fourth chamber 84 is provided with fine sand and biological activated carbon.

[0114] The adaptive buffer reactor 8 is made of corrosion-resistant high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or fiberglass and is divided into four chambers with different volumes, each filled with different packing materials. From the inlet to the outlet, the four chambers are designated as chamber 81, 82, 83, and 84, with a volume ratio of 1:1.2:1.5:1.8. This adaptive buffer reactor 8 allows the smaller first chamber 81 to quickly receive and initially buffer the incoming water, while the subsequent chambers increase in volume, ensuring sufficient residence time for the wastewater within the reactor to fully contact the packing material and achieve water quality regulation.

[0115] Specifically, the first chamber 81 is equipped with coarse gravel and pH buffer material. The coarse gravel has a particle size of 20-30mm and can filter large particles of impurities. The pH buffer material can be limestone chips, which can adjust the pH value.

[0116] The second chamber 82 contains fine gravel with a particle size of 10-20 mm. The fine gravel filters out small particulate impurities, while the oxidation-reduction potential adjusting material can be zero-valent iron powder, which removes heavy metals and adjusts the oxidation-reduction potential. The third chamber 83 contains activated carbon and zeolite. The activated carbon adsorbs organic matter, while the zeolite adsorbs ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals. The fourth chamber 84 contains fine sand with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm for further filtration, while the biological activated carbon is used for the biodegradation of organic matter.

[0117] According to an embodiment of the present invention, another aspect provides a method for intelligent regulation of carbon sources in constructed wetlands, which is applied to constructed wetlands. The structure of the constructed wetland is the same as that in the embodiment, so it will not be described again.

[0118] Intelligent control methods for carbon sources in constructed wetlands include:

[0119] The control module 73 calculates the amount of carbon source to be added based on the influent flow rate and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the first ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism 2 to add carbon source to the installation module 14.

[0120] Specifically, in this step, the amount of carbon source to be added is calculated using a formula:

[0121] ;

[0122] in That is, the amount of carbon source that needs to be added. It is the chemical oxygen demand equivalent of the carbon source used; α is the ammonia nitrogen influence factor, with a value range of 0~0.5. A lower value is taken when the system stability is good, and a higher value is taken when the influent load fluctuates greatly. and These are the nitrogen and ammonia concentrations, respectively. That is, the water inlet flow rate of the water inlet mechanism.

[0123] The control module 73 calculates the amount of carbon source that needs to be added to the installation module 14 based on the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the second ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism 2 to add carbon source to the installation module 14.

[0124] Based on the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the second ammonia nitrogen unit, control module 73 calculates the amount of carbon source to be added using a fuzzy PID algorithm. Specifically, in this step, the amount of carbon source to be added is calculated using the following formula:

[0125] ;

[0126] in To the amount of carbon source that needs to be added, It is a proportional coefficient, reflecting the adjustment strength of the current error (the larger the error, the stronger the adjustment action). It is the integral coefficient, which eliminates historical cumulative errors (solving static errors, such as insufficient carbon source addition caused by long-term low concentrations). It is the differential coefficient, which is used to predict the future trend of error change (suppress overshoot and prevent excessive carbon source addition). This is the instantaneous error, the difference between the set values ​​and the actual values ​​of ammonia and nitrogen concentrations. The model is also trained and updated based on influent and effluent data every 24 hours. , and value.

[0127] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent regulation of carbon sources in constructed wetlands, applied to constructed wetlands, characterized in that, include: The control module (73) calculates the amount of carbon source to be added based on the influent flow rate and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the first ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism (2) to add carbon source to the installation module (14). The installation module (14) is made of polylactic acid. The porous structure of polylactic acid can control the release rate of carbon source, so that carbon source is slowly released into sewage to provide carbon source for denitrifying bacteria. The control module (73) calculates the amount of carbon source to be added to the installation module (14) based on the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the second ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism (2) to add carbon source to the installation module (14); The control module (73) calculates the amount of carbon source to be added based on the influent flow rate and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the first ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism (2) to add carbon source to the installation module (14). In this step, the amount of carbon source to be added is calculated using the following formula: in That is, the amount of carbon source added in advance. It is the chemical oxygen demand equivalent of the carbon source used; α is the ammonia nitrogen influence factor, with a value range of 0~0.5; and These are the nitrogen and ammonia concentrations, respectively. That is, the inflow rate; The control module (73) calculates the amount of carbon source to be added to the installation module (14) based on the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration monitored by the second ammonia nitrogen device, and controls the carbon source regulation mechanism (2) to add carbon source to the installation module (14). In this step, the amount of carbon source to be added is calculated using the following formula: in The amount of carbon source that needs to be replenished; It is a proportionality coefficient, reflecting the adjustment strength of the current error; These are integral coefficients, used to eliminate historical accumulated errors; These are the differential coefficients, used to predict future error trends. It is an instantaneous error.

2. An artificial wetland, applied to the intelligent carbon source control method for artificial wetlands as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: Artificial media composite layer (1), the artificial media composite layer (1) includes a flow guiding layer (11), a reaction layer (12) and a precipitation layer (13) arranged sequentially from top to bottom, the reaction layer (12) is provided with an installation module (14), and the installation module (14) is provided with a carbon source; Carbon source control mechanism (2), the carbon source control mechanism (2) includes: carbon source storage device (21), extraction device (22) and conveying device (23), one end of the conveying device (23) is connected to the carbon source storage device (21) and the other end is connected to the installation module (14), and the extraction device (22) is disposed on the conveying device (23). Water inlet mechanism (3), the water inlet mechanism (3) is connected to the flow guide layer (11); Water outlet mechanism (4), which is connected to the sedimentation layer (13); It also includes an ammonia nitrogen monitoring mechanism (7), which includes a data acquisition module (71), a transmission module (72), and a control module (73). The data acquisition module (71) includes a first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device (711) installed in the water inlet mechanism (3) and a second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device (712) installed in the water outlet mechanism (4). The first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device (711) and the second ammonia nitrogen monitoring device (712) are connected to the input end of the transmission module (72), and the output end of the transmission module (72) is connected to the control module (73). The control module (73) is connected to the extraction device (22).

3. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The installation module (14) is a polylactic acid module.

4. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow guide layer (11) is made of volcanic rock-biochar composite material.

5. The constructed wetland according to claim 4, characterized in that, The volcanic rock-biochar composite material comprises 70% volcanic rock, 20% biochar, and 10% pH-sensitive polymer material.

6. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction layer (12) is provided with iron-manganese modified zeolite.

7. The constructed wetland according to claim 6, characterized in that, Photocatalytic materials are added to the iron-manganese modified zeolite.

8. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The precipitate layer (13) is provided with phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material.

9. The constructed wetland according to claim 8, characterized in that, The phosphogypsum-based porous ceramsite material contains 60%-70% phosphogypsum, 15%-20% clay, 10%-15% fly ash, and 5%-10% magnetic nanomaterials.

10. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the flow guiding layer (11) is 30-50cm, the thickness of the reaction layer (12) is 40-60cm, and the thickness of the sedimentation layer (13) is 30-50cm.

11. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water inlet mechanism (3) and the water outlet mechanism (4) are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the artificial media composite layer (1). A first guide wall (15) is disposed between the guide layer (11) and the reaction layer (12), and a first guide port is disposed between the first guide wall (15) and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer (1) near the water outlet mechanism (4). A second guide wall (16) is disposed between the reaction layer (12) and the sedimentation layer (13), and a second guide port is disposed between the second guide wall (16) and the side wall of the artificial media composite layer (1) near the water inlet mechanism (3).

12. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, A geotextile layer is provided between the flow guiding layer (11) and the reaction layer (12), as well as between the reaction layer (12) and the sedimentation layer (13).

13. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, A soil layer (5) is provided above the flow guide layer (11), and the soil layer (5) is suitable for planting aquatic plants (6).

14. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes an adaptive buffer reactor (8), which is located downstream of the first ammonia nitrogen monitoring device (711). Its inlet and outlet are both connected to the inlet mechanism (3), and the inlet, outlet and inlet mechanism (3) are all equipped with control valves (9). The control module (73) is connected to the control valves (9).

15. The constructed wetland according to claim 14, characterized in that, The adaptive buffer reactor (8) includes four chambers arranged sequentially from the inlet to the outlet. The first chamber (81) is provided with coarse gravel and pH buffer material, the second chamber (82) is provided with fine gravel and potential regulating material, the third chamber (83) is provided with activated carbon and zeolite, and the fourth chamber (84) is provided with fine sand and biological activated carbon.

16. The constructed wetland according to claim 15, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the four chambers from the water inlet to the water outlet is 1:1.2:1.5:1.

8.

17. The constructed wetland according to claim 16, characterized in that, The total volume of the adaptive buffer reactor (8) is 10%-20% of the volume of the artificial media composite layer (1).

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