Method for treating and recycling sludge rich in organic matter

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for treating and utilizing organic-rich sludge, comprising: dewatering the organic-rich sludge to reduce its moisture content to below 5%; crushing and grinding the dewatered sludge to obtain micron-sized energetic powder; using the micron-sized energetic powder as a reducing agent to prepare explosives; and using the prepared explosives in mine blasting. This invention achieves low-cost treatment and resource utilization of organic-rich sludge, reducing environmental pollution caused by such sludge; the resulting energetic material can be used as a blasting material in mine blasting, exhibiting excellent blasting performance while also reducing blasting costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of organic (hazardous) waste treatment technology, specifically to a method for the treatment and resource utilization of sludge rich in organic matter. Background Technology

[0002] Sludge rich in organic matter mainly originates from industries such as machining, metal rolling, and chemicals. In these industries, emulsions are used as coolants, lubricants, or pressure-transmitting media during production. After multiple cycles, they deteriorate due to acidification and performance degradation, requiring replacement and forming waste emulsions. When treating waste emulsions, methods such as chemical coagulation and oxidation are used, the added chemicals react with the components in the waste emulsion, producing a large amount of waste residue. This residue, after sedimentation and dewatering, forms sludge rich in organic matter. Sludge rich in organic matter has a complex composition, mainly containing machine oil or mineral oil, emulsifiers, preservatives, surfactants, metal shavings, gravel, and residual chemicals added during treatment. In addition, it may contain some toxic and harmful substances, such as heavy metal ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Improper treatment can cause serious pollution to soil and water bodies.

[0003] Currently, the conventional treatment methods for sludge rich in organic matter mainly include the following: (1) Physical treatment methods, including gravity method, filtration method, membrane separation method, adsorption method, etc. Gravity method is used to separate larger oil droplets; filtration method is used to remove suspended solids and some oils; membrane separation method uses membranes with different pore sizes to separate oil and water; adsorption method uses activated carbon and other materials to adsorb organic matter and oils. (2) Chemical treatment methods, common chemical treatment methods include chemical coagulation method, oxidation method, electrocoagulation method, etc.; chemical coagulation method uses coagulant to coagulate oil droplets and impurities; oxidation method uses oxidant to destroy the stability of emulsion; electrocoagulation method uses soluble metal as electrodes and uses oxidation-reduction reactions in the electrolysis process to remove oil pollution. (3) Biological treatment methods, which use the function of microorganisms to remove organic matter and inorganic salts in wastewater, such as activated sludge method, biofilm method, biological contact oxidation method, etc.; however, because the composition of sludge rich in organic matter is complex and may contain toxic substances, pretreatment is usually required before biological treatment.

[0004] Currently, the resource utilization of sludge rich in organic matter is mainly for building material production and energy recovery. The organic matter and minerals in sludge can be used as auxiliary raw materials in building material production, such as making building bricks. Energy recovery is achieved by converting the organic matter in sludge into combustible gases, liquid fuels, or coke through technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification. However, the gases and tar produced by pyrolysis require purification, and gasification technology is costly.

[0005] While existing methods for treating and utilizing organic-rich sludge can achieve volume reduction and harmlessness, they still fail to fully utilize the resources in the sludge and generally suffer from drawbacks such as long processing flow, high cost, low economic efficiency, and strong equipment dependence. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing methods for treating and utilizing organic-rich sludge, this application provides a method for treating and utilizing organic-rich sludge, which transforms the organic-rich sludge into an energetic material. This not only solves the problem of treating and utilizing organic-rich sludge, but also provides a low-cost blasting material for blasting.

[0007] This application provides a method for the treatment and resource utilization of sludge rich in organic matter, including:

[0008] The sludge, rich in organic matter, is dewatered to reduce its moisture content to below 5%.

[0009] The dewatered sludge is crushed and ground to obtain micron-sized energetic powder;

[0010] Explosives are prepared by using micron-sized energetic powders as reducing agents;

[0011] The prepared explosives are used for mine blasting.

[0012] Optionally, the sludge rich in organic matter is one or more of the following: biomass sludge, municipal sludge, printing and dyeing sludge, or waste emulsion sludge.

[0013] Optionally, the sludge rich in organic matter is dewatered, including:

[0014] When the sludge has a moisture content higher than 60%, it is first dewatered by mechanical dewatering and / or thermal drying to reduce the moisture content to below 60%; then, it is further dewatered by chemical dewatering and / or thermal drying to reduce the moisture content to below 5%.

[0015] When the moisture content of the sludge is not higher than 60%, the sludge is further dewatered by chemical dewatering and / or thermal drying dewatering to reduce the moisture content of the sludge to less than 5%.

[0016] Mechanical dewatering methods include filter press dewatering, centrifugal dewatering, and belt dewatering. Generally, mechanical dewatering is used for preliminary dewatering, while thermal drying can further achieve medium or even deep dewatering. For sludge that is difficult to dewater deeply, chemical dewatering methods must be used in conjunction with thermal drying for deep dewatering. Chemical dewatering methods include adding metal dewatering agents to the sludge or adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the sludge.

[0017] For sludge with high biomass organic matter content, such as biomass sludge, municipal sludge, and dyeing sludge, it is preferable to add concentrated sulfuric acid to the sludge for dewatering. Specifically, firstly, mechanical dewatering and / or thermal drying dewatering methods are used to dewater the sludge, reducing the sludge moisture content to below 60%; then, the sludge is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and a carbonization reaction is carried out to remove the internal water from the biomass; finally, the sludge is thermally dried to remove the removed internal water, reducing the sludge moisture content to below 5%.

[0018] Furthermore, when mixing sludge with concentrated sulfuric acid, the mass ratio of sludge to concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:0.3 to 0.5.

[0019] Furthermore, the carbonization reaction conditions are: reaction at 70℃~90℃ for 2h~4h.

[0020] Furthermore, when mixing the sludge with concentrated sulfuric acid and causing a carbonization reaction, a carbonization enhancer, such as sawdust, is also added. The preferred mass ratio of sludge to carbonization enhancer is 8:2 to 7:3.

[0021] For sludge with low biomass organic matter content, such as waste emulsion sludge, dewatering can also be achieved by adding a metal dewatering agent. The preferred mass ratio of sludge to metal dewatering agent is 6–9:1. The metal dewatering agent can be aluminum-silver alloy powder, where the reactive aluminum reacts with water, thereby consuming the residual water in the sludge and achieving dewatering.

[0022] Optionally, when using micron-sized energetic powder as a reducing agent to prepare explosives, the mass ratio of energetic powder to oxidizer in the explosive is 3:7 to 6:4.

[0023] Furthermore, the oxidant is selected from one or more of the following: nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, peroxides, dichromates, perchloric acids, and peroxyacids.

[0024] Furthermore, when using micron-sized energetic powders as reducing agents to prepare explosives, the explosives also include reinforcing agents and / or electrostatic improvers; reinforcing agents are used to increase calorific value and burning rate, including but not limited to metal powders, single-base explosives, sulfur powder, carbon powder, and white sugar; electrostatic improvers include but are not limited to graphite powder.

[0025] The micron-sized energetic powder prepared in this application has a particle size not exceeding 74 micrometers; further, not exceeding 50 micrometers; and even further, not exceeding 25 micrometers. Furthermore, the bulk density of the micron-sized energetic powder prepared above is 1.05 kg / m³. 3 ~1.15kg / m 3 .

[0026] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. Significant environmental benefits: It enables low-cost treatment and resource utilization of sludge rich in organic matter, reducing the pollution of the environment by sludge rich in organic matter, resulting in significant environmental benefits;

[0028] 2. Outstanding economic benefits: Converting sludge rich in organic matter into energetic materials, and using these energetic materials as blasting materials in mine blasting can reduce blasting costs;

[0029] 3. Excellent blasting performance: Energetic materials have excellent blasting performance as blasting materials, which can meet the actual needs of various blasting scenarios such as mining blasting and ensure blasting effect;

[0030] 4. Thorough utilization of sludge: Energy materials made from sludge rich in organic matter can have their inorganic salt ash residue, formed after blasting, incorporated into the mining, beneficiation, and smelting process along with the mined minerals, thus achieving full utilization of the materials. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] To further illustrate this application, the technical solution and its resulting technical effects will be described in detail below through the following embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] In this embodiment, the sludge rich in organic matter is selected as biomass sludge, specifically organic sludge produced by a wastewater treatment plant. Its industrial analysis composition is: moisture 74.06 wt.%, ash 6.87 wt.%, volatile matter 18.01 wt.%, fixed carbon 1.06 wt.%; its elemental analysis composition is: carbon 30.20 wt.%, hydrogen 14.40 wt.%, oxygen 24.01 wt.%, nitrogen 4.72 wt.%, sulfur 2.48 wt.%, and other elements 24.19 wt%. The organic matter composition includes: carbohydrates 3.17 wt.%, protein 27.56 wt.%, and humic matter 35.07 wt.%. The specific steps of the treatment and resource utilization method for biomass sludge in this embodiment are as follows:

[0035] S1: A plate and frame filter press is used to dewater biomass sludge, reducing the moisture content to 50%;

[0036] S2: Mix the dehydrated sludge with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid at a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and then stir at 80°C for 2 hours to carry out carbonization reaction. The organic matter in the sludge is partially carbonized to obtain carbonized sludge; here, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid refers to concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 98%.

[0037] S3: The carbonized sludge is placed in an oven for drying under the following conditions: 105℃ for 12 hours; the moisture content of the dried carbonized sludge is less than 5%.

[0038] Biomass sludge has a high content of biomass organic matter, and the internal water of the biomass is difficult to remove by mechanical dewatering or thermal drying dewatering. Therefore, in step S2, concentrated sulfuric acid is used to remove the internal water of the biomass, and then combined with thermal drying dewatering in step S3 to remove the removed internal water, thereby achieving deep dewatering of biomass sludge.

[0039] S4: First, use a crusher to crush the dried carbonized sludge into particles with a diameter of no more than 5mm, then use a ball mill to grind the carbonized sludge, and then pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain energetic powder.

[0040] In this embodiment, the energetic powder is dark brown, with a particle size not exceeding 200 mesh and a bulk density of 1.15 kg / m³. 3 .

[0041] The calorific value of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using an oxygen bomb calorimeter, reaching as high as 5200 KJ / kg. The combustion rate of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using a 0.5g sample, and the combustion rate was approximately 0.77g / s. The combustion temperature of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using thermocouples, with a maximum temperature of 650℃ at the flame center, lasting for approximately 0.35 seconds.

[0042] In this embodiment, the energetic powder can be used as a reducing agent in combination with oxidizing agents and energetic agents to prepare explosive packages, including:

[0043] The energetic powder and potassium chlorate were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:7, and aluminum powder was added as an energy enhancer to obtain a composite explosive. The amount of aluminum powder used in the composite explosive was 2% of the total explosive. The energetic powder served as the main fuel and ammonium nitrate served as the oxidizer. The main fuel and the oxidizer worked together to form the energy core of the explosion reaction.

[0044] The composite explosive was packed into a polyethylene film bag, compressed, and sealed to form a cylindrical explosive charge 300mm long and 50mm in diameter. Testing showed that the explosive charge had a detonation velocity of 4200m / s, a detonation pressure of 75MPa, a brisaccharidivity of 14mm, a work capacity of 400ml, a sympathetic detonation distance greater than 5cm, and a flame center temperature of 650℃~800℃.

[0045] The prepared explosive charge can be used for rock blasting in mines. One specific blasting method is as follows: drill a blast hole with a diameter of 60 mm and a depth of 3 m at the blasting face in the mine, put the explosive charge into the blast hole, and seal the blast hole with blasting mud; connect the explosive charge with an electric detonator initiation system, and detonate it to complete the rock blasting in the mine.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] In this embodiment, the organic-rich sludge selected is municipal sewage sludge. Its industrial analysis composition is: moisture 75 wt.%, ash 6.24 wt.%, volatile matter 15.09 wt.%, fixed carbon 3.67 wt.%; its elemental analysis composition is: carbon 25.49 wt.%, hydrogen 3.96 wt.%, oxygen 20.72 wt.%, nitrogen 3.69 wt.%, sulfur 0.25 wt.%, and other elements 45.89 wt%. The specific steps of the municipal sewage sludge treatment and resource utilization method in this embodiment are as follows:

[0048] S1: Remove some of the moisture from the municipal sludge, reducing the moisture content of the municipal sludge to 60%; specifically, dry and dehydrate the municipal sludge in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 90°C.

[0049] S2: Mix municipal sludge and sawdust at a mass ratio of 7:3 and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture; the moisture content of the sawdust used is 15%;

[0050] S3: Mix the mixture with 93% concentrated sulfuric acid at a mass ratio of 1:0.4, then maintain the temperature at 90℃ and stir for 3 hours to carry out the carbonization reaction to obtain carbonized sludge; here, 93% concentrated sulfuric acid refers to concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 93%.

[0051] S4: The carbonized sludge is placed in an oven for drying under the following conditions: 110℃ for 10 hours. After drying, the moisture content of the carbonized sludge is less than 5%.

[0052] Municipal sludge has a high content of biomass organic matter, so in step S2, concentrated sulfuric acid is used to remove the internal water of the biomass, and then thermal drying dewatering is combined with step S3 to remove the removed internal water, thereby achieving deep dewatering of biomass sludge.

[0053] S5: First, a crusher is used to crush the dried carbonized sludge into particles with a diameter of no more than 3mm. Then, an air jet mill is used to ultrafine pulverize the carbonized sludge. After that, it is passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain energetic powder.

[0054] In this embodiment, the energetic powder is dark brown, with a particle size not exceeding 300 mesh and a bulk density of 1.15 kg / m³. 3 .

[0055] The calorific value of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using an oxygen bomb calorimeter, reaching as high as 18750 KJ / kg. The combustion rate of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using a 0.5g sample; the combustion rate was approximately 1.19g / s. The combustion temperature of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using thermocouples; the highest temperature at the flame center was 770℃, and the highest temperature lasted for approximately 0.4 seconds.

[0056] In this embodiment, the energetic powder can be used as a reducing agent and oxidizing agent to prepare explosive packages, including:

[0057] Energetic powder and potassium perchlorate were mixed at a mass ratio of 6:4, and graphite powder was added as an electrostatic modifier to obtain a composite explosive. The amount of graphite powder was 1% of the total mass of the energetic powder and potassium perchlorate; potassium perchlorate was used as an oxidizing agent. The composite explosive was loaded into a waterproof paper tube to make an explosive roll 200 mm long and 40 mm in diameter.

[0058] The prepared explosive cartridges can be used for blasting in coal mine roadways. One specific blasting method is as follows: drill blast holes with a diameter of 45 mm and a depth of 2.5 m in the coal mine roadway, load the explosive cartridges into the bottom of the blast holes, connect the blast holes with detonating cords, and detonate the holes one by one with millisecond delay detonators.

[0059] In this embodiment, sawdust is added to enhance the carbonization effect, which can further increase the energy density of the energetic powder and is applicable to hard rock blasting.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] In this embodiment, the organic-rich sludge selected is dyeing and printing sludge, specifically organic sludge from a dyeing and printing plant. Its industrial analysis composition is as follows: moisture 85 wt.%, ash 3.57 wt.%, volatile matter 10.67 wt.%, fixed carbon 0.76 wt.%; its elemental analysis composition is as follows: carbon 15.82 wt.%, hydrogen 2.79 wt.%, oxygen 30.91 wt.%, nitrogen 1.6 wt.%, sulfur 5.09 wt.%, and other elements 43.79 wt%. The heavy metal content is as follows: Pb 40.20 μg / g, Cr 310.06 μg / g, Cd 1.36 μg / g, Cu 113.79 μg / g, Zn 8773.8 μg / g, Ni 74.56 μg / g. The specific steps for the treatment and resource utilization of the dyeing and printing sludge in this embodiment are as follows:

[0062] S1: A belt filter press is used to dewater the printing and dyeing sludge, reducing the moisture content of the sludge to 45% to obtain a paste-like material.

[0063] S2: Mix the dehydrated sludge with 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a mass ratio of 1:0.3, then place the mixture in a reaction vessel and stir at 70°C for 4 hours to carry out a carbonization reaction, thereby obtaining carbonized sludge; here, 95% concentrated sulfuric acid refers to concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 95%.

[0064] S3: A fluidized bed dryer is used to dry the carbonized sludge at a temperature of 100℃. The moisture content of the dried sludge is less than 3%.

[0065] S4: First, a double roll crusher is used to initially crush the dried sludge. Then, an impact crusher is used to further crush the dried sludge to a particle size of no more than 2 mm. Finally, a vertical mill is used to grind the dried sludge and pass it through a 500-mesh sieve to obtain energetic powder.

[0066] In this embodiment, the energetic powder is dark gray, with a particle size not exceeding 500 mesh and a bulk density of 1.05 kg / m³. 3 Specific surface area not less than 300m² 2 / g.

[0067] The calorific value of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using an oxygen bomb calorimeter, reaching as high as 24800 KJ / kg. The combustion rate of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using a 0.5g sample; the combustion rate was approximately 8.065 g / s. The combustion temperature of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using thermocouples; the highest temperature at the flame center was 3000℃, and the highest temperature lasted for approximately 1.2 seconds.

[0068] The preparation of emulsion explosives using energetic powder as a reducing agent in this embodiment includes:

[0069] Take 20 parts by weight of energetic powder, 55 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 20 parts by weight of composite oil phase and 5 parts by weight of emulsifier and emulsify them in a shear emulsifier for 30 minutes to form a latex matrix; after sensitization, emulsion explosive is obtained and pumped into a plastic blasting cylinder.

[0070] The prepared emulsion explosive can be used for blasting. A specific blasting method is as follows: drill vertical holes with a diameter of 110 mm and a depth of 16 m in a step with a height of 15 m, and use a bottom charging structure to load the blasting tube into the borehole; use a high-precision electronic detonator to achieve a 20 ms delay blasting between holes, and the blast pile has a uniform size.

[0071] The emulsion explosive prepared using the energetic powder in this embodiment has high energy utilization and can reduce raw material costs by more than 15%, making it particularly suitable for large-scale step blasting operations.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] In this embodiment, the sludge rich in organic matter is selected as waste emulsion sludge, which is waste emulsion sludge generated by a steel plant, with a water content of 25%. Its oil-water-solid phase percentages were 47.28 wt.%, 25.22 wt.%, and 27.5 wt.%, respectively; its elemental composition was: carbon 34.80 wt.%, hydrogen 5.64 wt.%, nitrogen 0.09 wt.%, sulfur 0.15 wt.%, oxygen 59.21 wt.%, and other elements 0.11 wt%; its metal element content was: Fe 253.41 mg / g, Cu 1.20 mg / g, As 0.46 mg / g, Cr 0.45 mg / g, Ni 0.45 mg / g, Ca 0.40 mg / g, Na 0.36 mg / g, Al 0.31 mg / g, Zn 0.23 mg / g, K 0.14 mg / g, Mg 0.04 mg / g, Pb 0.03 mg / g, Co 0.02 mg / g, and Cd 0.01 mg / g.

[0074] The method for treating and utilizing waste emulsion sludge in this embodiment includes the following specific steps:

[0075] S1: A fluidized bed dryer is used to dry the waste emulsion sludge at a temperature of 105℃. The moisture content of the dried sludge is less than 3%. Volatile oil is recovered by condensation simultaneously, with a recovery rate of not less than 90%.

[0076] S2: First, a double roll crusher is used to initially crush the dried sludge. Then, an impact crusher is used to further crush the dried sludge to a particle size of no more than 2mm. Finally, a vertical mill is used to grind the dried sludge and pass it through a 500-mesh sieve to obtain energetic powder.

[0077] Since the waste emulsion sludge is rich in hydrocarbon organic matter and low in biomass organic matter, this embodiment does not require the use of concentrated sulfuric acid to assist in dehydration.

[0078] In this embodiment, the energetic powder is a glossy black hydrophobic powder with a particle size not exceeding 500 mesh and a bulk density of 1.25 kg / m³. 3 .

[0079] The calorific value of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using an oxygen bomb calorimeter, and it reached 38,500 KJ / kg. The combustion rate of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using a 0.5g sample; the combustion rate was approximately 10.417 g / s. The combustion temperature of the energetic powder in this embodiment was tested using thermocouples; the highest temperature at the flame center was 2700℃, and the highest temperature lasted for approximately 2.0 seconds.

[0080] The preparation of emulsion explosives using energetic powder as a reducing agent in this embodiment includes:

[0081] Take 20 parts by weight of energetic powder, 55 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 20 parts by weight of composite oil phase and 5 parts by weight of emulsifier and emulsify them in a shear emulsifier for 30 minutes to form a latex matrix; after sensitization, emulsion explosive is obtained and pumped into a plastic blasting cylinder.

[0082] The prepared emulsion explosive can be used for blasting. A specific blasting method is as follows: drill vertical holes with a diameter of 110 mm and a depth of 16 m in a step with a height of 15 m, and use a bottom charging structure to load the blasting tube into the borehole; use a high-precision electronic detonator to achieve a 20 ms delay blasting between holes, and the blast pile has a uniform size.

[0083] The emulsion explosive prepared using the energetic powder in this embodiment has high energy utilization and can reduce raw material costs by more than 15%, making it particularly suitable for large-scale step blasting operations.

[0084] The above embodiments are merely for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations; therefore, any obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom remain within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating and recycling sludge rich in organic matter, characterized by, include: The sludge, rich in organic matter, is dewatered to reduce its moisture content to below 5%. The dewatered sludge is crushed and ground to obtain micron-sized energetic powder; Explosives are prepared by using micron-sized energetic powders as reducing agents; The prepared explosives are used for mine blasting; The dewatering of sludge rich in organic matter includes: When the sludge has a moisture content higher than 60%, it is first dewatered by mechanical dewatering and / or thermal drying to reduce the moisture content to below 60%; then, it is further dewatered by chemical dewatering and / or thermal drying to reduce the moisture content to below 5%. When the moisture content of the sludge is not higher than 60%, the sludge is further dewatered by chemical dewatering and / or thermal drying dewatering to reduce the moisture content of the sludge to less than 5%. The chemical dewatering method includes adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the sludge for dewatering; When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the sludge for dehydration, the mass ratio of the sludge to the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:0.3 to 0.5, and the reaction conditions are: reaction at 70℃ to 90℃ for 2 to 4 hours.

2. The processing and resource utilization method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sludge is one or more of the following: biomass sludge, municipal sludge, printing and dyeing sludge, or waste emulsion sludge.

3. The processing and resource utilization method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing explosives using micron-sized energetic powder as a reducing agent, the mass ratio of the energetic powder to the oxidizer of the explosive is 3:7 to 6:

4.

4. The processing and resource utilization method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The oxidant includes one or more of the following: nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, peroxides, dichromates, perchloric acids, and peroxyacids.

5. The processing and resource utilization method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: When preparing explosives using micron-sized energetic powders as reducing agents, the explosives also include reinforcing agents and / or electrostatic modifiers.