Photovoltaic equipment control methods, devices, photovoltaic equipment and storage media

Abstract

This invention relates to a photovoltaic (PV) device control method, apparatus, PV device, and storage medium. The method involves acquiring the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material in the PV device; acquiring first environmental parameters of the outdoor environment where the PV device is located; and acquiring second environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the PV device is located. Target parameters of the PV device are calculated based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters. These target parameters are used to control the PV device. The operating mode of the PV device is controlled according to a first threshold range in which the target parameters fall. Therefore, when the PV device functions as an energy-saving air conditioner, precise control of the energy-saving air conditioner can be achieved by comprehensively considering the cold storage capacity and the internal and external environmental parameters. This avoids operational interruptions due to insufficient cold storage or energy waste due to excessive cold storage, improving the energy utilization efficiency of the energy-saving air conditioner, ensuring stable operation of the energy-saving air conditioner in off-grid conditions, and enhancing user comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic system technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic equipment control method, device, photovoltaic equipment and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of renewable energy technologies, photovoltaic power generation systems are increasingly widely used in building energy supply. As a key component, photovoltaic air conditioning systems can directly utilize solar energy to drive operation when there is sufficient sunlight, achieving efficient energy utilization. However, when photovoltaic systems are in off-grid mode, such as at night or during cloudy or rainy weather, they need to rely on energy storage devices to maintain the continuous operation of air conditioning. Existing common energy storage methods include electrochemical energy storage and thermal energy storage. Among them, phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in building air conditioning thermal energy storage due to their high energy density and constant phase change temperature range. They can store cold when photovoltaic power supply is sufficient, providing cooling capacity for off-grid air conditioning.

[0003] However, existing air conditioning operation control strategies are mostly based on ambient temperature or user-set temperature for start and stop, lacking dynamic assessment and reasonable scheduling of the cold storage capacity of phase change materials. At the same time, key factors affecting air conditioning operation, such as solar radiation intensity and room heat load, are not effectively correlated with the energy storage status of phase change materials. This may lead to air conditioning operation interruption when the energy storage capacity is low, and energy waste may occur when the energy storage capacity is sufficient due to the underutilization of potential.

[0004] Therefore, existing photovoltaic air conditioning systems, when off-grid, suffer from energy waste due to uneven energy distribution because they lack comprehensive assessment and correlation control of the cold storage capacity of phase change materials and environmental factors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems or some of the technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic equipment control method, device, photovoltaic equipment and storage medium.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic device control method, comprising:

[0007] Obtain the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device;

[0008] Obtain a first environmental parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and obtain a second environmental parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0009] The target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment are calculated based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters. The target parameters are used to control the photovoltaic equipment.

[0010] The operation mode of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled according to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is located.

[0011] In one possible implementation, obtaining the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device includes:

[0012] When the photovoltaic equipment is determined to enter the off-grid state, the cold storage capacity of the phase change material is obtained in real time;

[0013] The cold storage capacity parameter is determined based on the second threshold range in which the cold storage capacity falls.

[0014] In one possible implementation, obtaining a first environmental parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and obtaining a second environmental parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, includes:

[0015] The solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located is obtained as the first environmental parameter;

[0016] Obtain the indoor temperature and set temperature of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0017] The difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature is defined as the indoor temperature difference;

[0018] The indoor temperature difference and the room heat load of the indoor environment are used as the second environmental parameters.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the target parameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0020] θ = X(20A + B + 10C), where θ is the target parameter, X is the cold storage capacity parameter, A is the solar radiation intensity, B is the indoor temperature difference, and C is the room heat load.

[0021] In one possible implementation, controlling the operating mode of the photovoltaic device based on the first threshold range of the target parameter includes:

[0022] Determine the maximum operating frequency and fan speed corresponding to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is currently located;

[0023] The photovoltaic equipment is controlled to operate according to the wind turbine speed, and the operating frequency of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum operating frequency, wherein the first threshold range is positively correlated with the maximum operating frequency and the wind turbine speed.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0025] When the photovoltaic device corresponds to multiple indoor environments, the priority weight of each indoor environment is determined according to the second environmental parameter of each indoor environment.

[0026] The phase change material cold storage resources are allocated to each indoor environment according to the priority weight;

[0027] Power is supplied to each of the indoor environments based on the cold storage resources.

[0028] In one possible implementation, before obtaining the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device, the method further includes:

[0029] Before the photovoltaic equipment enters the off-grid state, acquire meteorological forecast data, historical load data for the same period, and user behavior data for a preset time period in the future;

[0030] Based on the meteorological forecast data, the historical load data for the same period, and the user behavior data, predict the cooling storage demand in the off-grid state;

[0031] The cold storage capacity of the phase change material is adjusted according to the cold storage requirements.

[0032] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic equipment control device, comprising:

[0033] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device.

[0034] The second acquisition module is used to acquire a first environmental parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and to acquire a second environmental parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0035] The calculation module is used to calculate the target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters. The target parameters are used to control the photovoltaic equipment.

[0036] The control module is used to control the operating mode of the photovoltaic device according to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is located.

[0037] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic device, including: a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute a photovoltaic device control program stored in the memory to implement the photovoltaic device control method described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0038] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium storing one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the photovoltaic device control method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0039] The photovoltaic equipment control scheme provided in this invention obtains the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic equipment; obtains first environmental parameters of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic equipment is located, and second environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic equipment is located; calculates target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters, and uses the target parameters to control the photovoltaic equipment; and controls the operating mode of the photovoltaic equipment according to the first threshold range of the target parameters. Therefore, when the photovoltaic equipment is used as an energy-saving air conditioner, it can accurately control the energy-saving air conditioner by comprehensively considering the cold storage capacity and the internal and external environmental parameters, avoiding operation interruptions due to insufficient cold storage or energy waste due to excessive cold storage, improving the energy utilization efficiency of the energy-saving air conditioner, ensuring stable operation of the energy-saving air conditioner in off-grid conditions, and improving user comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a photovoltaic equipment control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of another photovoltaic device control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic equipment control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a photovoltaic device control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes:

[0047] S11. Obtain the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic equipment.

[0048] The photovoltaic equipment control method provided in this invention is applied to photovoltaic equipment, which can be a photovoltaic energy-saving air conditioning system (e.g., a multi-split energy-saving air conditioning system). This system may include the following modules: a photovoltaic power generation module (such as a photovoltaic module array), a phase change material energy storage module, a multi-split air conditioning unit (indoor unit, outdoor unit compressor, etc.), and a control module. It can be applied in the following scenarios: residential homes, apartments, villas, offices, convenience stores, etc. Specifically, it achieves precise control of the photovoltaic equipment by comprehensively considering its cooling capacity and internal and external environmental parameters, avoiding operational interruptions due to insufficient cooling capacity or energy waste due to excessive cooling capacity.

[0049] In this embodiment, multiple types of sensors installed inside or on the surface of the energy storage module monitor the temperature changes of the phase change material in real time. Combined with a preset phase change material property parameter model, the percentage of the current cold storage capacity is calculated. Specifically, at least one temperature acquisition unit is arranged in the phase change energy storage component to detect the current temperature of the phase change material in real time. When the phase change material is in the solid-liquid phase change range, the degree of latent heat release or absorption is determined based on the material's residence time on the phase change platform and changes in heat flux. In its completely solid or completely liquid state, the remaining usable cold capacity is estimated based on the material's volume expansion, external heat exchange rate, and the temperature distribution after stabilization. Furthermore, to improve estimation accuracy, a heat flow sensor or a refrigerant inlet / outlet temperature difference detection unit can be installed between the energy storage module and the air conditioner evaporator. By recording the rate and duration of cold capacity extraction, the energy storage attenuation progress can be deduced.

[0050] After completing the correlation calculation between temperature information, heat flow information, and the preset nominal energy storage capacity of the phase change material, the ratio of the current stored cold energy of the phase change material to its full-load capacity can be obtained, i.e., the cold storage capacity parameter. This parameter is expressed as a percentage and is used for subsequent energy storage level classification and operation mode recommendation. During this step, the above temperature monitoring and calculation process will be repeated periodically to continuously update the cold storage capacity, ensuring that the control strategy during off-grid operation is always based on the latest energy storage status.

[0051] In one possible implementation, when it is determined that the photovoltaic equipment has entered the off-grid state, the cold storage capacity of the phase change material is acquired in real time; and the cold storage capacity parameter is determined according to the second threshold range in which the cold storage capacity is located.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the system detects that the photovoltaic equipment has entered off-grid operation, the controller initiates the energy storage monitoring process and collects the current cooling status of the phase change material in real time. Specifically, the system continuously monitors the phase distribution and heat transfer of the phase change material through temperature sensors, heat flow sensors, or refrigerant heat transfer monitoring modules arranged inside or on the outer wall of the phase change energy storage module, and dynamically estimates the remaining cooling capacity corresponding to the phase change material based on a preset physical property model. After obtaining the real-time cooling capacity, the system further compares the cooling capacity with multiple preset cooling threshold ranges (second threshold ranges) to determine the level range of the current cooling capacity. When the cooling capacity is detected to belong to a certain preset second threshold range, the controller can determine the energy storage level corresponding to the second threshold range as the cooling capacity parameter, and use this parameter as the basis for the current system to participate in energy dispatch and determine the subsequent operation mode. In this way, the cooling capacity is transformed from a continuous value into a discrete level parameter, which facilitates linkage calculation with environmental factors, thereby more accurately reflecting the continuous cooling capacity that the system can provide in off-grid scenarios.

[0053] As an example, after the photovoltaic system enters off-grid mode, the cold storage capacity of the phase change material in the system is monitored in real time. Based on the threshold range of the cold storage capacity of the phase change material, it is divided into five levels from low to high: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The specific division method is as follows:

[0054] X represents the gear, which is the determined cold storage capacity parameter.

[0055] Cold storage capacity: 0% ≤ cold storage capacity ≤ 20%, corresponding to X = 20%;

[0056] Cold storage capacity: 20% < cold storage capacity ≤ 40%, corresponding to X = 40%;

[0057] Cold storage capacity: 40% < cold storage capacity ≤ 60%, corresponding to X = 60%;

[0058] Cold storage capacity: 60% < cold storage capacity ≤ 80%, corresponding to X = 80%;

[0059] Cold storage capacity: 80% < cold storage capacity ≤ 100%, corresponding to X = 100%.

[0060] S12. Obtain the first environmental parameters of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic equipment is located, and obtain the second environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic equipment is located.

[0061] In this embodiment, after acquiring the cold storage capacity parameters, the external meteorological conditions and indoor operating conditions of the photovoltaic equipment are simultaneously collected. Environmental parameters are collected from both outdoor and indoor directions, where parameters belonging to outdoor factors are defined as first environmental parameters, and parameters belonging to indoor factors are defined as second environmental parameters.

[0062] The first environmental parameter primarily characterizes the level of external renewable energy supply, including but not limited to solar radiation intensity, outdoor temperature, current weather conditions, and the amount of sunlight received by the photovoltaic module surface. The system can directly detect solar radiation intensity through the irradiance sensor integrated into the unit. If the equipment does not have an integrated sensor, the external irradiance level can be calculated based on the ratio between the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic module and the rated installed area. When the system detects insufficient irradiance, it determines that the future available natural cooling energy input is weakening, thus providing a supply-side basis for subsequent operation strategies.

[0063] The second environmental parameter reflects the actual cooling demand indoors, typically including the current indoor temperature, the temperature difference between the user-set temperature and the actual temperature, the room's heat load, and the number of people occupying the room. The system can collect real-time temperature data using the indoor temperature sensor integrated into the air conditioner unit, and sense the number of people in the room through devices such as smart cameras, thermal imaging sensors, or millimeter-wave radar, thereby calculating the heat load level and more accurately reflecting the current environmental demand for cooling capacity.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located is obtained as a first environmental parameter; the indoor temperature and set temperature of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located are obtained; the difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature is determined as the indoor temperature difference; and the indoor temperature difference and the room heat load of the indoor environment are used as a second environmental parameter.

[0065] In this embodiment, the solar radiation intensity in the external environment is first obtained as the first environmental parameter. If the unit integrates an irradiance sensor, the solar radiation intensity can be directly collected by the sensor; if there is no irradiance sensor, it can be calculated by the ratio of real-time power generation to the rated installed area. The real-time power generation is the current power generation of the solar panels, and the rated installed area is the area of ​​the solar panels used to absorb solar energy.

[0066] Simultaneously, the system collects the user's current set temperature and the real-time indoor temperature from the indoor unit, and uses the absolute value of the difference between the two as the indoor temperature difference. The set temperature refers to the temperature the user intends to achieve indoors. The indoor temperature difference reflects the immediate intensity of the indoor environment's demand for cooling capacity. To further improve the accuracy of indoor demand assessment, the room's heat load can be estimated based on the number of people in the room or the total heat dissipation per unit time. This can be achieved by integrating a smart camera with AI visual analysis capabilities into the system to calculate the number of people in the room (or by using infrared thermal imaging cameras, millimeter-wave radar, etc.). Furthermore, users can also set the number of people via a wired controller and pre-set a lower room temperature.

[0067] Indoor temperature difference and room heat load are used together as a second environmental parameter. The resulting second environmental parameter can be used to describe the actual load level of the current indoor cooling demand.

[0068] S13. Calculate the target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters. The target parameters are used to control the photovoltaic equipment.

[0069] In this embodiment, after obtaining the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters, the energy supply capacity and cooling demand intensity under the current off-grid operation conditions are jointly evaluated based on the above parameters, and the target parameters for regulating the operation status of photovoltaic equipment are calculated accordingly.

[0070] Specifically, the cold storage capacity parameter reflects the current available cold energy reserve level of the phase change material, which is an indicator of the sustainable operation capability on the supply side; the first environmental parameter characterizes the outdoor solar radiation intensity, thereby measuring the potential replenishment capacity of subsequent renewable energy input; and the second environmental parameter reflects the immediate indoor cooling demand. The controller performs comprehensive calculations on the above three parameters, and through matching analysis of supply-side and load-side factors, assigns different weights to each parameter and uses preset formulas to calculate the parameters and weights, generating target parameters that characterize the current operational feasibility and control priority of the equipment.

[0071] This target parameter serves as the core control basis for the system in an off-grid environment. It can be used to dynamically determine whether photovoltaic equipment should maintain its current operating mode, reduce its operating intensity, or increase its cooling output. It can also be used to limit the operating frequency or air volume level of the compressor, thereby rationally allocating available cooling resources under limited energy conditions. This avoids the rapid depletion of energy storage due to excessive output and also avoids energy waste caused by insufficient operation when energy storage is sufficient.

[0072] In one possible implementation, when the photovoltaic multi-split system is offline, the cold storage capacity and solar radiation intensity determine how much energy is still available, while the indoor temperature difference and room heat load represent the user's needs. Therefore, based on the above four parameters, an influencing parameter model is established, yielding the following formula for calculating the target parameters:

[0073] θ = X(20A + B + 10C);

[0074] Where θ is the target parameter, X is the cold storage capacity parameter, A is the solar radiation intensity, B is the indoor temperature difference, and C is the room heat load.

[0075] S14. Control the operation mode of the photovoltaic equipment according to the first threshold range of the target parameters.

[0076] In this embodiment, after calculating the target parameters, the operating mode of the photovoltaic equipment is adjusted according to the first threshold range in which the target parameters are currently located. When the controller detects that the target parameters fall into a certain preset threshold range, it can determine the operating mode that the current equipment should adopt according to the operating strategy corresponding to the range, and restrict or release the operating intensity of the external compressor or fan.

[0077] Specifically, when the target parameter is in the lower threshold range, it indicates that the available cold storage capacity is low and the cooling demand is relatively weak. The system will automatically activate the low-load operation mode to avoid excessive consumption of energy storage resources in the off-grid state. When the target parameter is in the medium or transition range, the system will execute the medium or medium-high mode according to the operation strategy corresponding to that range. When the target parameter reaches the higher threshold range, it indicates that the cold storage capacity is relatively sufficient or the indoor load is high. The system allows the equipment to provide cooling output at a higher operating intensity to ensure the thermal comfort of users.

[0078] By automatically matching the operating mode based on the mapping relationship between the target parameters and the first threshold range, photovoltaic equipment can achieve dynamic regulation guided by supply and demand balance under off-grid conditions, effectively improving energy utilization efficiency and avoiding operation interruption due to insufficient energy storage.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the maximum operating frequency and the fan speed corresponding to the first threshold range of the current target parameter are determined; the photovoltaic equipment is controlled to operate at the fan speed, and the operating frequency of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum operating frequency, wherein the first threshold range is positively correlated with the maximum operating frequency and the fan speed.

[0080] In this embodiment, after determining the first threshold range in which the target parameter falls, the corresponding maximum operating frequency and fan speed are obtained from the first threshold range. Since there is a positive correlation between the first threshold range and the operating intensity, that is, the higher the first threshold range, the higher the maximum allowed operating frequency and fan speed, thus enabling the gradual release of operating capacity based on changes in the target parameter.

[0081] Specifically, the maximum allowable operating frequency of the equipment is determined according to the upper limit corresponding to the first threshold range, and the air output intensity of the indoor unit is controlled according to the corresponding fan speed. The controller sends operating commands to the outdoor unit compressor and fan module to ensure that the actual operating frequency of the photovoltaic equipment does not exceed the maximum operating frequency, and outputs air volume in the determined speed mode. Within the low threshold range, the system only allows low frequency or low fan speed output to avoid rapid depletion when available energy storage is low; while within the high threshold range, the system allows higher operating intensity to ensure indoor thermal comfort requirements. This operating restriction mechanism not only forms a dynamic control closed loop synchronized with the target parameters, but also ensures automatic balance between energy management and load demand when the equipment is off-grid.

[0082] As an example, the fan speed and operating frequency corresponding to the first threshold range of the target parameter are determined according to the following correspondence, where θ is the target parameter:

[0083] The threshold range of the target parameter is: 0≤θ≤16, corresponding to the fan speed: low speed, and the operating frequency is limited to: operating at the lowest frequency.

[0084] The threshold range of the target parameter is: 16 < θ ≤ 32, corresponding to the fan speed: medium speed, and the operating frequency is limited to: the unit operating frequency shall not exceed 25% of the maximum frequency;

[0085] The threshold range of the target parameter is: 32 < θ ≤ 48, corresponding to the fan speed: medium-high wind speed, and the operating frequency is limited to: the unit operating frequency shall not exceed 50% of the maximum frequency;

[0086] The threshold range of the target parameter is: 48 < θ ≤ 64, corresponding to the fan speed: high wind speed, and the operating frequency is limited to: the unit operating frequency shall not exceed 75% of the maximum frequency;

[0087] The threshold range of the target parameter is: 64 < θ ≤ 80, corresponding to the fan speed: strong wind speed, and the operating frequency is limited to: normal mode operation.

[0088] In one possible implementation, when the photovoltaic equipment corresponds to multiple indoor environments, the priority weight of each indoor environment is determined according to the second environmental parameter of each indoor environment; the phase change material cold storage resources are allocated to each indoor environment according to the priority weight, and the operating mode corresponding to each indoor environment is determined; the photovoltaic equipment of each indoor environment is controlled according to the cold storage resources and the operating mode.

[0089] In this embodiment, when the photovoltaic equipment simultaneously corresponds to multiple indoor environments (for example, a set of photovoltaic power supply equipment (such as photovoltaic module array, photovoltaic inverter, etc.) simultaneously provides power to air conditioning systems of multiple independent indoor environments, or provides power to a centralized air conditioning system covering multiple indoor environments), the system also needs to differentiate the cooling demand of each indoor environment to achieve on-demand allocation of cold storage resources and differentiated operation modes.

[0090] The controller assesses the indoor temperature difference and room heat load collected for each indoor environment, and determines the current level of demand for cooling energy for that indoor environment. Indoor temperature difference and room heat load are positively correlated with priority weights; the larger the indoor temperature difference and the higher the room heat load, the higher the priority weight for that indoor environment. Based on the determined priority weights, the system allocates phase change material cooling resources proportionally to different indoor environments, ensuring that energy storage output is more geared towards guaranteeing thermal comfort in rooms with high demand.

[0091] After allocating cooling storage resources, the applicable operating mode and cooling storage resources are determined for each indoor environment, and differentiated control strategies are implemented based on the operating mode and cooling storage resources. Indoor environments with higher priority weights will receive higher operating levels or higher maximum allowable operating frequencies and more cooling storage resources for power supply, while indoor environments with lower priority weights will maintain low-level operation or controlled load reduction operation and be allocated less cooling storage resources for power supply when necessary. The controller adjusts the terminal execution units corresponding to each indoor environment according to the cooling storage resource allocation results and the determined operating modes, enabling multiple indoor environments to achieve on-demand cooling and tiered protection in off-grid conditions, thereby maximizing the overall cooling capacity utilization efficiency and avoiding cooling interruptions in priority demand areas due to insufficient energy storage.

[0092] In one possible implementation, before the photovoltaic equipment enters the off-grid state, weather forecast data for a preset duration, historical load data for the same period, and recent user behavior data are acquired; based on the weather forecast data, historical load data for the same period, and user behavior data, the cooling demand for the off-grid state is predicted; and the cooling capacity of the phase change material is adjusted according to the cooling demand.

[0093] In this embodiment, before the photovoltaic equipment enters off-grid operation mode, the system first obtains meteorological forecast data for a preset duration (e.g., 2 hours, 4 hours, or 8 hours) from cloud-based meteorological services or local meteorological models. This forecast includes, but is not limited to, information such as future ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and wind speed changes. Simultaneously, it extracts historical load data corresponding to the current time period from the energy consumption database to characterize historical cooling demand curves under similar environmental conditions. Furthermore, it combines this with recent user behavior data (e.g., user temperature control preferences, on / off habits, and equipment usage intensity during past off-grid operations) to construct a comprehensive demand forecast input.

[0094] By inputting meteorological forecast data, historical load data for the same period, and user behavior data into a prediction model, the model calculates and assesses the cooling demand during the upcoming off-grid operation period. This ensures that the cooling demand reflects the unit-time cooling load and total cooling load in the future. Based on the predicted cooling demand, the required cooling capacity of phase change materials (PCMs) is determined. By controlling the pre-cooling depth, timing of cooling start, and cooling rate of the PCMs, the cooling capacity is dynamically adjusted to ensure that cooling capacity meets user comfort needs during off-grid operation. This approach achieves proactive perception and reserve of future cooling demand, reducing the risk of insufficient cooling during off-grid operation compared to traditional passive cooling storage methods; mitigating peak load impacts and improving off-grid endurance; achieving time-shifting between cooling storage and usage, improving photovoltaic energy utilization; and enhancing user experience and the intelligence of energy storage strategies.

[0095] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of another photovoltaic device control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method specifically includes:

[0096] The photovoltaic equipment is a photovoltaic energy-saving air conditioning system. When the photovoltaic equipment is in off-grid mode, the real-time cold storage capacity X of the phase change material is first detected to obtain the basic cold capacity reserve currently available for off-grid cooling. Three key environmental parameters related to indoor cooling demand are collected separately:

[0097] (1) Solar radiation intensity A, used to characterize the heat absorption trend of building envelope in the future period;

[0098] (2) Indoor temperature difference B, used to represent the deviation between the current actual indoor temperature and the target comfortable temperature;

[0099] (3) Room heat load C is used to comprehensively represent the impact of the number of people, equipment heat dissipation, etc. on the cooling demand.

[0100] The target parameter θ is calculated in real time using the formula θ=X(20A+B+10C). Here, the cold storage capacity X serves as the weighting base, the solar radiation intensity A has an amplification factor of 20, and the room heat load C has an amplification factor of 10. This allows θ to dynamically reflect the overall state of whether the cold storage is sufficient and whether the future load will increase.

[0101] When the θ value is in the high threshold range, it indicates that the future cooling load is large and the cold storage is insufficient. The system will prioritize entering the high-efficiency mode, increasing the fan speed or compressor operating frequency. When the θ value is in the medium threshold range, the system maintains normal operation. When the θ value is in the low threshold range, it indicates that the cold storage capacity is sufficient and the future load is low. The system enters the energy-saving mode to extend the off-grid continuous operation time. This achieves a dynamic recommended operation strategy in off-grid mode, enabling the equipment to adjust its operating mode in real time according to environmental changes, thereby ensuring a balance between comfort and endurance.

[0102] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic equipment control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the device specifically includes:

[0103] The first acquisition module 31 is used to acquire the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device.

[0104] The second acquisition module 32 is used to acquire a first environmental parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and to acquire a second environmental parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0105] Calculation module 33 is used to calculate the target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters and the second environmental parameters, and the target parameters are used to control the photovoltaic equipment;

[0106] The control module 34 is used to control the operating mode of the photovoltaic device according to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is located.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the first acquisition module is specifically used to acquire the cold storage capacity of the phase change material in real time when it is determined that the photovoltaic equipment has entered the off-grid state.

[0108] The cold storage capacity parameter is determined based on the second threshold range in which the cold storage capacity falls.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the second acquisition module is specifically used to acquire the solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, as the first environmental parameter;

[0110] Obtain the indoor temperature and set temperature of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0111] The difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature is defined as the indoor temperature difference;

[0112] The indoor temperature difference and the room heat load of the indoor environment are used as the second environmental parameters.

[0113] In one possible implementation, the calculation module is specifically used to calculate the target parameter using the following formula:

[0114] θ = X(20A + B + 10C), where θ is the target parameter, X is the cold storage capacity parameter, A is the solar radiation intensity, B is the indoor temperature difference, and C is the room heat load.

[0115] In one possible implementation, the control module is specifically used to determine the maximum operating frequency and fan speed corresponding to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is currently located;

[0116] The photovoltaic equipment is controlled to operate according to the wind turbine speed, and the operating frequency of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum operating frequency, wherein the first threshold range is positively correlated with the maximum operating frequency and the wind turbine speed.

[0117] In one possible implementation, the control module is further configured to determine the priority weight of each indoor environment based on the second environmental parameter of each indoor environment when the photovoltaic device corresponds to multiple indoor environments;

[0118] The phase change material cold storage resources are allocated to each indoor environment according to the priority weight;

[0119] Power is supplied to each of the indoor environments based on the cold storage resources.

[0120] In one possible implementation, the control module is further configured to acquire weather forecast data, historical load data for the same period, and user behavior data for a preset duration before the photovoltaic equipment enters the off-grid state.

[0121] Based on the meteorological forecast data, the historical load data for the same period, and the user behavior data, predict the cooling storage demand in the off-grid state;

[0122] The cold storage capacity of the phase change material is adjusted according to the cold storage requirements.

[0123] The photovoltaic equipment control device provided in this embodiment can be as follows: Figure 3 The apparatus shown can perform, as Figure 1-2 All steps of the photovoltaic equipment control method are implemented to achieve... Figure 1-2 For details on the technical effects of the photovoltaic equipment control method shown, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-2 The relevant descriptions are presented concisely and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0124] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 The photovoltaic device 400 shown includes at least one processor 401, a memory 402, at least one network interface 404, and other user interfaces 403. The various components in the photovoltaic device 400 are coupled together via a bus system 405. It is understood that the bus system 405 is used to enable communication between these components. In addition to a data bus, the bus system 405 also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clarity, ... Figure 4 The general designated all buses as Bus System 405.

[0125] The user interface 403 may include a display, keyboard, or clicking device (e.g., mouse, trackball, touchpad, or touchscreen).

[0126] It is understood that the memory 402 in the embodiments of the present invention can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 402 described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0127] In some implementations, memory 402 stores elements, executable units or data structures, or subsets thereof, or extended sets thereof: operating system 4021 and application program 4022.

[0128] The operating system 4021 includes various system programs, such as the framework layer, core library layer, and driver layer, used to implement various basic business functions and handle hardware-based tasks. The application program 4022 includes various applications, such as a media player and a browser, used to implement various application functions. The program implementing the method of this embodiment can be included in the application program 4022.

[0129] In this embodiment of the invention, by calling the program or instructions stored in the memory 402, specifically the program or instructions stored in the application program 4022, the processor 401 executes the method steps provided in each method embodiment, including, for example:

[0130] Obtain the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device;

[0131] Obtain a first environmental parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and obtain a second environmental parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0132] The target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment are calculated based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters. The target parameters are used to control the photovoltaic equipment.

[0133] The operation mode of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled according to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is located.

[0134] In one possible implementation, the cold storage capacity of the phase change material is acquired in real time when the photovoltaic device is determined to enter the off-grid state.

[0135] The cold storage capacity parameter is determined based on the second threshold range in which the cold storage capacity falls.

[0136] In one possible implementation, the solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located is obtained as the first environmental parameter;

[0137] Obtain the indoor temperature and set temperature of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0138] The difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature is defined as the indoor temperature difference;

[0139] The indoor temperature difference and the room heat load of the indoor environment are used as the second environmental parameters.

[0140] In one possible implementation, the target parameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0141] θ = X(20A + B + 10C), where θ is the target parameter, X is the cold storage capacity parameter, A is the solar radiation intensity, B is the indoor temperature difference, and C is the room heat load.

[0142] In one possible implementation, controlling the operating mode of the photovoltaic device based on the first threshold range of the target parameter includes:

[0143] Determine the maximum operating frequency and fan speed corresponding to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is currently located;

[0144] The photovoltaic equipment is controlled to operate according to the wind turbine speed, and the operating frequency of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum operating frequency, wherein the first threshold range is positively correlated with the maximum operating frequency and the wind turbine speed.

[0145] In one possible implementation, when the photovoltaic device corresponds to multiple indoor environments, the priority weight of each indoor environment is determined according to the second environmental parameter of each indoor environment;

[0146] The phase change material cold storage resources are allocated to each indoor environment according to the priority weight;

[0147] Power is supplied to each of the indoor environments based on the cold storage resources.

[0148] In one possible implementation, before the photovoltaic equipment enters the off-grid state, meteorological forecast data for a preset duration, historical load data for the same period, and user behavior data are acquired.

[0149] Based on the meteorological forecast data, the historical load data for the same period, and the user behavior data, predict the cooling storage demand in the off-grid state;

[0150] The cold storage capacity of the phase change material is adjusted according to the cold storage requirements.

[0151] The methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention can be applied to processor 401, or implemented by processor 401. Processor 401 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in processor 401 or by instructions in the form of software. The processor 401 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software units in the decoding processor. The software units may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 402. Processor 401 reads the information in memory 402 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0152] It is understood that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or a combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the processing unit can be implemented in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general-purpose processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described herein, or combinations thereof.

[0153] For software implementation, the techniques described herein can be implemented by units that perform the functions described herein. The software code can be stored in memory and executed by a processor. The memory can be implemented in the processor or external to the processor.

[0154] The photovoltaic equipment provided in this embodiment can be as follows: Figure 4 The device shown can perform, for example Figure 1-2 All steps of the photovoltaic equipment control method are implemented to achieve... Figure 1-2 For details on the technical effects of the photovoltaic equipment control method shown, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-2 The relevant descriptions are presented concisely and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0155] This invention also provides a storage medium (computer-readable storage medium). This storage medium stores one or more programs. The storage medium may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; it may also include non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive; and it may also include combinations of the above types of memory.

[0156] One or more programs in the storage medium can be executed by one or more processors to implement the photovoltaic device control method described above that is executed on the device side.

[0157] The processor is used to execute a photovoltaic device control program stored in the memory to implement the following steps of a photovoltaic device control method executed on the device side:

[0158] Obtain the cold storage capacity parameters of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device;

[0159] Obtain a first environmental parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and obtain a second environmental parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0160] The target parameters of the photovoltaic equipment are calculated based on the cold storage capacity parameters, the first environmental parameters, and the second environmental parameters. The target parameters are used to control the photovoltaic equipment.

[0161] The operation mode of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled according to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is located.

[0162] In one possible implementation, the cold storage capacity of the phase change material is acquired in real time when the photovoltaic device is determined to enter the off-grid state.

[0163] The cold storage capacity parameter is determined based on the second threshold range in which the cold storage capacity falls.

[0164] In one possible implementation, the solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located is obtained as the first environmental parameter;

[0165] Obtain the indoor temperature and set temperature of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located;

[0166] The difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature is defined as the indoor temperature difference;

[0167] The indoor temperature difference and the room heat load of the indoor environment are used as the second environmental parameters.

[0168] In one possible implementation, the target parameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0169] θ = X(20A + B + 10C), where θ is the target parameter, X is the cold storage capacity parameter, A is the solar radiation intensity, B is the indoor temperature difference, and C is the room heat load.

[0170] In one possible implementation, controlling the operating mode of the photovoltaic device based on the first threshold range of the target parameter includes:

[0171] Determine the maximum operating frequency and fan speed corresponding to the first threshold range in which the target parameter is currently located;

[0172] The photovoltaic equipment is controlled to operate according to the wind turbine speed, and the operating frequency of the photovoltaic equipment is controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum operating frequency, wherein the first threshold range is positively correlated with the maximum operating frequency and the wind turbine speed.

[0173] In one possible implementation, when the photovoltaic device corresponds to multiple indoor environments, the priority weight of each indoor environment is determined according to the second environmental parameter of each indoor environment;

[0174] The phase change material cold storage resources are allocated to each indoor environment according to the priority weight;

[0175] Power is supplied to each of the indoor environments based on the cold storage resources.

[0176] In one possible implementation, before the photovoltaic equipment enters the off-grid state, meteorological forecast data for a preset duration, historical load data for the same period, and user behavior data are acquired.

[0177] Based on the meteorological forecast data, the historical load data for the same period, and the user behavior data, predict the cooling storage demand in the off-grid state;

[0178] The cold storage capacity of the phase change material is adjusted according to the cold storage requirements.

[0179] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0180] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0181] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic device control method, characterized by, The method comprises: obtaining a cold storage capacity parameter of a phase change material of the photovoltaic device; obtaining a first environment parameter of an outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and obtaining a second environment parameter of an indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located; calculating a target parameter of the photovoltaic device according to the cold storage capacity parameter, the first environment parameter and the second environment parameter, the target parameter being used for controlling the photovoltaic device; controlling an operation mode of the photovoltaic device according to a first threshold range where the target parameter is located; the obtaining of the first environment parameter of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, and the obtaining of the second environment parameter of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located, comprises: obtaining a solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located as the first environment parameter; obtaining an indoor temperature and a set temperature of the indoor environment where the photovoltaic device is located; determining a difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature as an indoor temperature difference; taking the indoor temperature difference and a room heat load of the indoor environment as the second environment parameter.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The obtaining of the cold storage capacity parameter of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device comprises: obtaining the cold storage capacity of the phase change material in real time when it is determined that the photovoltaic device enters an off-grid state; determining the cold storage capacity parameter according to a second threshold range where the cold storage capacity is located.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The target parameter is calculated by the following formula: θ = X (20A + B + 10C), wherein θ is the target parameter, X is the cold storage capacity parameter, A is the solar radiation intensity, B is the indoor temperature difference, and C is the room heat load.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The controlling of the operation mode of the photovoltaic device according to the first threshold range where the target parameter is located comprises: determining a maximum operating frequency and a fan gear corresponding to the first threshold range where the target parameter is located; controlling the photovoltaic device to operate at the fan gear, and controlling the operating frequency of the photovoltaic device to be less than or equal to the maximum operating frequency, the first threshold range being positively correlated with the maximum operating frequency and the fan gear.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: when the photovoltaic device corresponds to multiple indoor environments, determining a priority weight corresponding to each indoor environment according to the second environment parameter of each indoor environment; allocating a cold storage resource of the phase change material to each indoor environment according to the priority weight; supplying power to each indoor environment according to the cold storage resource.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein, Before the obtaining of the cold storage capacity parameter of the phase change material of the photovoltaic device, the method further comprises: before the photovoltaic device enters an off-grid state, obtaining meteorological prediction data, historical same-period load data and user behavior data for a future preset time length; predicting a cold storage demand in an off-grid state according to the meteorological prediction data, the historical same-period load data and the user behavior data; adjusting the cold storage capacity of the phase change material according to the cold storage demand.

7. A photovoltaic device control device, characterized by, The method comprises: a first obtaining module, configured to obtain a cold storage capacity parameter of a phase change material of the photovoltaic device; A second obtaining module is configured to obtain a first environmental parameter of an outdoor environment in which the photovoltaic device is located and a second environmental parameter of an indoor environment in which the photovoltaic device is located. A calculating module is configured to calculate a target parameter of the photovoltaic device according to the cold storage capacity parameter, the first environmental parameter and the second environmental parameter, and control the photovoltaic device according to the target parameter. A controlling module is configured to control an operation mode of the photovoltaic device according to a first threshold range in which the target parameter is located. The second obtaining module is specifically configured to obtain a solar radiation intensity of the outdoor environment in which the photovoltaic device is located as the first environmental parameter. An indoor temperature and a set temperature of the indoor environment in which the photovoltaic device is located are obtained. A difference between the indoor temperature and the set temperature is determined as an indoor temperature difference. The indoor temperature difference and a room heat load of the indoor environment are taken as the second environmental parameter.

8. A photovoltaic device, characterized by The photovoltaic device control program stored in the memory is executed by the processor to implement the photovoltaic device control method in any one of claims 1-6. The storage medium stores one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the photovoltaic device control method in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A storage medium, characterized by ​

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