Machining method and device for machining two end faces of long cylinder
By employing a synchronous machining method using mirrored data from two sets of machining heads in the machining of both ends of a long cylinder, the problems of workpiece coaxiality accuracy and efficiency were solved, achieving high-precision and high-speed machining of both ends of a long cylinder.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511717913.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-20
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the coaxiality accuracy of the two ends of long cylindrical workpieces is difficult to guarantee, especially in double-end flipping machining and single machining head reciprocating machining methods. Machining errors are caused by factors such as the repeatability of workpiece clamping and positioning accuracy, machine tool structural rigidity, and deflection of guide rails and crossbeams.
Two sets of machining heads that can move along the X, Y, and Z axes are used. Spatial reference relationships are established through teaching reference parts, and machining paths are set using mirror data. The two sets of machining heads simultaneously machine the two end faces of the workpiece in the same clamping state, avoiding secondary clamping of the workpiece and long-stroke back-and-forth movements, and ensuring the symmetry and consistency of the machining path.
It improves the coaxiality and positional accuracy of machining the two end faces of long cylinders, reduces auxiliary time, increases machining efficiency, simplifies the teaching process, improves calibration efficiency, and reduces measurement errors.
Smart Images
Figure CN121360976A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a machining method and equipment for machining two end faces of a long cylinder. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the existing end face machining process, there are mainly two methods for machining the two end faces of a long cylindrical workpiece: Double-end flip machining method: one end face of the workpiece is first fixed by a centering device and the end face is machined, after machining, the clamping is released, the workpiece is lifted and flipped, the other end is clamped and machined, thereby completing the machining of the two end faces of the workpiece. This method requires independent clamping and positioning of the workpiece before each machining, which not only affects the machining efficiency, but also causes a small deviation or tilt of the workpiece in the positioning center or the clamp during the two clamping processes, resulting in the fact that the central axis of the workpiece cannot completely coincide after the two clamping, and the hole and groove machining positions of the end face cannot completely coincide with the positions of the first clamping, thereby affecting the coaxiality precision of the two end faces after machining.
[0003] Single machining head reciprocating machining method: the workpiece is fixed, the machining head first machines one end face, and then moves to the other end along the machine tool stroke to machine the end face. After zero positioning, due to factors such as machine tool beam deflection, guide rail straightness error, screw back gap, spindle posture change and thermal deformation during the long stroke movement of the machining head, the actual spatial position of the machining head at the other end may deviate slightly, so that the theoretical mirror image coordinates and the actual tool position do not completely coincide. Therefore, even if the zero point is adjusted, data correction needs to be performed at the other end to ensure the accuracy of the machined end face position, which also affects the machining efficiency, and the coaxiality precision of the two end faces of the workpiece cannot be guaranteed.
[0004] In summary, due to factors such as repeated positioning accuracy of workpiece clamping, machine tool structure rigidity, guide rail and beam deflection, spindle posture change, thermal deformation and machining stress release, there is a certain coaxiality error between the two end faces of the machined workpiece, and it is difficult to completely guarantee the ideal coaxiality precision after machining. SUMMARY
[0005] In order to reduce the coaxiality deviation of the holes and grooves machined on the two ends of the long cylinder, improve the end face machining precision and machining efficiency of the workpiece, the present application provides a machining method and equipment for machining the two end faces of a long cylinder.
[0006] The machining method for machining the two end faces of a long cylinder provided by the present application adopts the following technical scheme: A machining method for machining the two end faces of a long cylinder, comprising the following steps: Two groups of machining heads movable along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions are provided; adjusting the teaching reference element to make the length direction of the teaching reference element parallel to the spindle direction of the one group of machining heads; determining the Z zero point and Y zero point positions of the other group of machining heads based on the teaching reference element; setting the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the first group of machining heads; mirroring the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the first group of machining heads and taking the mirrored data as the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the second group of machining heads; removing the teaching reference element and clamping the long cylindrical workpiece; controlling the two groups of machining heads to simultaneously machine the two end faces of the workpiece.
[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the two groups of machining heads simultaneously machine the two ends of the workpiece, avoiding the hoisting and secondary clamping operation of the workpiece in the traditional double-end flipping machining method, reducing the auxiliary time, and improving the overall machining efficiency; By establishing the spatial reference relationship between the two groups of machining heads through the teaching reference element, taking one group of machining heads as the reference, and quickly obtaining the Z and Y machining data of the other group of machining heads through the mirroring method, high-precision symmetric positioning is realized, and the machining efficiency is further improved without setting machining data for the two machining heads; Since the two groups of machining heads are simultaneously machined in the same clamping state, the axis offset error caused by the secondary clamping of the workpiece and the problem that the hole and groove positions of the two end faces cannot be completely symmetric about the center of the workpiece are avoided, thereby facilitating the improvement of the coaxiality and position accuracy of the two end faces; The mirroring data is used to ensure the symmetry of the two groups of machining paths in space, avoiding the error problem caused by the single machining head long stroke round trip, the machining paths of the two groups of machining heads are generated based on the unified reference mirroring, and the teaching process ensures that the two machining heads have consistent Y and Z attitudes, so that even if there is a slight structural error in the machine tool body, it will not be magnified and superimposed in the round trip machining process, thereby maintaining the machining consistency, and further improving the coaxiality and position accuracy of the two end faces.
[0008] Optionally, adjusting the teaching reference element specifically includes the following steps: installing a comparator on the teaching reference element and installing a standard core rod on one of the groups of machining heads; making the needle of the comparator contact the side generatrix and the upper generatrix of the standard core rod and sliding along the length direction of the teaching reference element; if the reading of the comparator changes, adjusting the attitude of the teaching reference element until the readings of the needle of the comparator contacting the side generatrix and the needle of the comparator contacting the upper generatrix are always zero.
[0009] By adopting the technical scheme, the posture of the teaching reference piece can be quickly and accurately adjusted.
[0010] In the calibration process, the teaching reference piece does not need to be kept completely horizontal, and only needs to ensure that the central axis in the length direction of the teaching reference piece is parallel to the central axis of the machining head spindle, that is, consistent in the orthographic projection and parallel projection directions. Thus, the cumbersome step of repeatedly adjusting the teaching reference piece to be completely horizontal through the level can be omitted, thereby simplifying the teaching process and significantly improving the calibration efficiency. In addition, by moving the comparator to detect on the side generatrix and the upper generatrix of the standard mandrel respectively, the parallel relationship of the two axes on the two orthogonal projection planes can be checked at the same time.
[0011] Among them, the detection along the side generatrix can ensure the parallelism of the two in the orthographic projection direction, but the teaching accuracy of the parallelism of the central axis in the length direction of the reference piece and the central axis of the machining head spindle in the side projection is insufficient, and the detection along the upper generatrix can ensure the parallelism of the two in the side projection direction, and then by keeping the detection results of the two times as zero, the measurement error caused by the inclination or height difference of the teaching reference piece can be eliminated at the same time, thereby further improving the spatial alignment accuracy of the teaching.
[0012] Optionally, taking the teaching reference piece as the reference, the Z zero point and the Y zero point positions of the other group of machining heads are determined, and the method specifically includes the following steps: installing a standard mandrel on the other group of machining heads; sliding the comparator to the end of the teaching reference piece close to the other group of machining heads; controlling the side generatrix and the upper generatrix of the standard mandrel on the other group of machining heads to contact the pointer of the comparator, until the readings of the side generatrix and the upper generatrix contacted by the pointer of the comparator are always kept as zero.
[0013] By adopting the technical scheme, the Y zero point and the Z zero point of the other group of machining heads can be quickly taught, the teaching accuracy is high, the symmetry and consistency of the two groups of machining heads in the spatial posture are ensured, and thus the teaching accuracy and the coaxiality of the subsequent double-end synchronous machining are improved.
[0014] Optionally, the two groups of machining heads are controlled to synchronously machine the two end faces of the workpiece, and the method specifically includes the following steps: synchronously driving the two groups of machining heads to approach the workpiece along the X axis direction, and stopping feeding when it is detected that the machining heads contact the end face of the workpiece, so as to determine the respective X zero points at the positions; Subsequently, the two groups of machining heads are controlled to synchronously feed according to the preset mirror image relationship.
[0015] By adopting the technical scheme, the position of the actual contact of the machining head with the end face of the workpiece is taken as the X-direction zero point each time, so that the deviation of the end face position caused by the change of the clamping position of the workpiece can be automatically compensated.
[0016] Therefore, no matter what the slight difference in the axial positioning of the workpiece in the clamping device is, the synchronous mirror image machining of the two sets of machining heads can ensure the consistency of the machining depth of the two end faces, effectively reduce the cumulative error of the total length of the workpiece and the depth of the end face groove and hole, and further improve the machining consistency and precision.
[0017] Optionally, a cuboid marble ruler is used as the teaching reference element, and the specific operation of controlling the comparator along the length direction of the teaching reference element is as follows: an L-shaped support is placed on the marble ruler, the two inner sides of the L-shaped support are respectively attached to one side and the top of the marble ruler, the comparator is installed on the L-shaped support, and the L-shaped support is pushed to slide along the length direction of the marble ruler while keeping close contact with the side and the top of the marble ruler.
[0018] By adopting the technical scheme, the sliding direction of the comparator on the teaching reference element can be ensured to be strictly consistent with the length direction of the reference element without relying on complex guide rail or sliding table structures, and the measurement error caused by the inclination or deviation of the sliding posture of the comparator can be avoided. Meanwhile, the L-shaped support is attached to the two reference surfaces of the marble ruler to form stable double-sided positioning constraints, so that the posture of the comparator is kept stable during the sliding process, the consistency and repeatability of the detection readings are improved, and the adjustment accuracy and reliability of the teaching reference element are further improved.
[0019] The machining equipment for machining the two end faces of the long cylinder provided in the application adopts the following technical scheme: The machining equipment for machining the two end faces of the long cylinder is used to implement the machining method for machining the two end faces of the long cylinder, and includes an X-direction guide rail base, two X-direction columns which are slidably connected to the X-direction guide rail base, a Y-direction moving seat which is slidably connected to the X-direction columns, a Z-direction moving seat which is slidably connected to the Y-direction moving seat, and a spindle machining head which is arranged on the Z-direction moving seat. An X-direction servo driving unit for driving the X-direction columns to move is arranged on the X-direction guide rail base, a Y-direction servo driving unit for driving the Y-direction moving seat to move is arranged on the X-direction columns, and a Z-direction servo driving unit for driving the Z-direction moving seat is arranged on the Y-direction moving seat. At least two support tables are arranged on the X-direction guide rail base, the support tables are located between the two X-direction columns, a centering assembly is arranged on the support tables, the centering assembly is used to clamp the workpiece so that the central axis of the workpiece is parallel to the central axis of the spindle head, and the support tables can also be used to place the teaching reference element.
[0020] By adopting the technical scheme, the two spindle machining heads are controlled to machine the two end faces of the workpiece respectively; In the teaching stage, the support table can be used to place marble ruler and other teaching reference parts, so as to facilitate the parallelism and zero point calibration of the two machining heads; In the machining stage, the support table can be installed with a centering assembly to coaxially clamp and position the workpiece, so that the central axis of the workpiece is parallel to the axis of the spindle machining head.
[0021] Optionally, the centering assembly comprises a support frame installed on the support table, the support frame is provided with a placing groove, when the workpiece is supported on the placing groove, the peripheral surface of the workpiece is in line contact with the two side walls of the placing groove, a top cover is installed on the support frame, the top cover is threadedly connected with a locking screw, the locking screw is rotationally connected with a pressing block, and the pressing block is used to press the workpiece in cooperation with the placing groove.
[0022] By adopting the technical scheme, the workpiece is placed in the placing groove, then the top cover is covered on the support frame, then the locking screw is rotated, the locking screw drives the fixing block to move and press against the workpiece, finally the top cover and the support frame are fixed to clamp the workpiece in the support frame, since the workpiece and the two side walls of the placing groove form two contact generatrices, and the pressing block provides a third contact point, a spatial three-point positioning structure is formed, which can effectively constrain the radial pose of the workpiece, so that the coincidence degree of the axis of the workpiece and the axis of the machine tool spindle is higher.
[0023] The line contact of the two side walls of the placing groove to the peripheral surface of the workpiece can automatically form a stable support position of the workpiece under the action of gravity, which is suitable for long cylindrical workpieces with large length-diameter ratio, the workpiece can be naturally centered after being placed, repeated fine adjustment is reduced, and the stable support and rapid clamping of the long cylindrical workpiece are suitable.
[0024] The workpiece only needs to be placed in the placing groove and the locking screw is tightened to complete the clamping, the tedious steps of repeated lifting and alignment of the long cylindrical workpiece are avoided, and the operation efficiency is high. The structure is compact and the maintenance cost is low by relying on the pneumatic or hydraulic clamp.
[0025] Optionally, a first through groove is formed on one side of the X-direction column facing the support table, a second through groove is formed on one side of the Y-direction moving seat facing the support table, the top and bottom of the Y-direction moving seat are slidably connected with the X-direction column through sliding blocks, the left and right sides of the Z-direction moving seat are slidably connected with the Y-direction moving seat through sliding blocks, the driving member of the spindle machining head is located in the first through groove and the second through groove, and the Y-direction servo driving unit is provided with two, the nut seat of one Y-direction servo driving unit is connected with the top of the Y-direction moving seat, and the nut seat of the other Y-direction servo driving unit is connected with the bottom of the Y-direction moving seat.
[0026] By adopting the technical scheme, the driving member of the spindle machining head can be arranged inside the through slot, so that the moving stroke of the spindle machining head is ensured, and the compactness of the overall structure is improved.
[0027] In addition, the through slot structure can effectively reduce the weight of the X-direction column and the Y-direction moving seat, reduce the inertia of the overall moving component, reduce the driving energy consumption, and be beneficial to improve the response speed and machining precision of the equipment.
[0028] The Y-direction moving seat is slidably connected with the X-direction column through the sliders arranged at the top and the bottom respectively, and is synchronously driven by the double Y-direction servo driving units, so that the Y-direction moving seat is balanced in force and stable in guidance during movement, and the inclination or torsion error in the single driving mode can be effectively avoided, so that the positioning precision of Y-direction movement is further improved.
[0029] The left and right sides of the Z-direction moving seat are also connected with symmetric slide rail structures and sliders, so that the Z-direction moving seat is stable in guidance and good in repeat positioning performance during Z-direction movement, which helps to improve the overall movement precision of the machining head in three-axis directions and the workpiece end face machining precision.
[0030] Optionally, the X-direction guide rail base is provided with a fixed seat, a lead screw of the X-direction servo driving unit is rotationally connected to the fixed seat, the fixed seat is located between the two X-direction columns, the X-direction columns are connected with telescopic cover plates, the telescopic cover plates are connected with the fixed seat, and the telescopic cover plates cover the lead screw segment of the X-direction servo driving unit between the X-direction columns and the fixed seat. Both ends of the fixed seat are rotationally connected with conveying screws, both ends of the X-direction guide rail base are provided with discharge boxes, the discharge boxes are provided with driving motors, the conveying screws extend into the discharge boxes and are connected with the driving motors, and the discharge boxes are provided below with receiving boxes, and the conveying screws are located below the lead screw of the X-direction servo driving unit.
[0031] By adopting the above technical scheme, the telescopic cover plates are telescoped synchronously with the movement of the X-direction columns, always cover above the lead screw of the X-direction servo driving unit, can effectively prevent the cutting chips, dust or cooling liquid generated during machining from falling into the lead screw transmission area, so as to avoid affecting the lubrication state and transmission precision of the lead screw, and prolong the service life of the lead screw.
[0032] In addition, the telescopic cover plates form natural inclined guide surfaces on both sides, so that the falling machining chips can slide to the conveying screws below. The conveying screws convey the chips to the discharge boxes by rotating, and finally make the chips fall into the receiving boxes through the discharge boxes to complete the centralized collection. The automatic cleaning and collection of machining chips are realized, the chips are prevented from accumulating on the lead screw of the X-direction servo driving unit, so as to maintain the cleanliness of the equipment and the long-term stable operation of the transmission system.
[0033] Optionally, the X guide rail base is provided with a hard rail on both sides, the support table is provided with a sliding seat on both sides, the sliding seat is rotationally connected with a bidirectional screw rod, the sliding seat is slidably connected with two clamping blocks, the two clamping blocks are respectively threadedly connected with a threaded segment of the bidirectional screw rod, and the bidirectional screw rod is connected with an adjusting turntable.
[0034] By adopting the above technical scheme, the support table can slide along the hard rail to adapt to workpieces of different lengths. When the support table moves to the required position, the adjusting turntable is rotated to synchronously drive the two clamping blocks to move in opposite directions and approach each other, so as to clamp and fix the hard rail. This structure realizes symmetrical clamping through the bidirectional screw rod mechanism, can ensure uniform distribution of clamping force, and can avoid the support table from being deviated or inclined due to unilateral force, so as to realize high-precision locking and positioning of the support table and improve the stability and machining precision during workpiece clamping.
[0035] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Since the two groups of machining heads are machined simultaneously in the same clamping state, the axis deviation error caused by secondary clamping of the workpiece and the problem that the hole and groove positions at the two ends cannot be completely symmetrical about the center of the workpiece are avoided, thereby facilitating improvement of the coaxiality and position accuracy of machining of the two end faces; The mirror image data are adopted to ensure the symmetry of the two groups of machining paths in space, the error problem caused by single machining head long stroke reciprocation is avoided, the machining paths of the two groups of machining heads are generated in a unified reference mirror image, and the teaching process ensures that the two machining heads are consistent in Y and Z directions, so that even if there is a slight structural error in the machine tool body, it will not be magnified and superimposed in the reciprocating machining process, thereby maintaining machining consistency and further improving the coaxiality and position accuracy of machining of the two end faces; 2. The two groups of machining heads simultaneously machine the two ends of the workpiece, avoiding the hoisting and secondary clamping operation of the workpiece in the traditional double-end flipping machining method, reducing auxiliary time, and improving overall machining efficiency; The spatial reference relationship between the two groups of machining heads is established by the teaching reference piece, one group of machining heads is taken as a reference, Z and Y direction machining data of the other group of machining heads are quickly obtained in a mirror image manner, high-precision symmetrical positioning is realized, machining data of the two machining heads do not need to be set, and machining efficiency is further improved; 3. The teaching reference piece does not need to be kept completely horizontal, only the length direction central axis of the teaching reference piece needs to be kept parallel to the central axis of the machining head spindle, that is, the central axis is kept consistent in orthographic projection and parallel projection directions. Thus, the cumbersome step of repeatedly adjusting the teaching reference piece to achieve complete horizontal by using a level can be omitted, thereby simplifying the teaching process and significantly improving calibration efficiency; 4. The detection along the side generatrix can ensure the parallelism of the two in the direction of the normal projection, but the parallelism teaching accuracy of the side projection of the central axis of the length direction of the reference element and the central axis of the main shaft of the processing head is insufficient, while the detection along the upper generatrix can ensure the parallelism of the two in the side projection direction, and by keeping the results of the two detections as zero, the measurement error caused by the inclination or height difference of the teaching reference element can be eliminated at the same time, thereby further improving the spatial alignment accuracy of the teaching; 5. The actual contact position of the processing head with the end face of the workpiece is taken as the X direction zero point each time, so that the deviation of the end face position caused by the change of the clamping position of the workpiece can be automatically compensated. No matter what the small difference in the axial positioning of the workpiece in the clamping device is, the synchronous mirror image processing of the two sets of processing heads can ensure the consistency of the processing depth of the two end faces, effectively reduce the cumulative error of the total length of the workpiece and the depth of the end face groove and hole, and further improve the processing consistency and precision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0036] Figure 1 is the overall flowchart of the embodiment of the application.
[0037] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram for embodying the adjustment of the teaching reference element according to the side generatrix of the standard mandrel in the embodiment of the application.
[0038] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram for embodying the adjustment of the teaching reference element according to the upper generatrix of the standard mandrel in the embodiment of the application.
[0039] Figure 4 is the flowchart for embodying step S2 in the embodiment of the application.
[0040] Figure 5 is the flowchart for embodying S3 in the embodiment of the application.
[0041] Figure 6 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the application.
[0042] Figure 7 is Figure 6 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part A.
[0043] Figure 8 is Figure 6 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part B.
[0044] Figure 9 is the structure schematic diagram of the support table for embodying the embodiment of the application.
[0045] Figure 10 is Figure 9 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part C.
[0046] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the centering component in an embodiment of this application.
[0047] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 An enlarged schematic diagram of part D in the middle.
[0048] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 An enlarged schematic diagram of section E in the middle.
[0049] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. X-axis guide rail base; 11. Receiving groove; 12. Fixed seat; 14. Rigid rail; 15. Sliding seat; 16. Bidirectional screw; 17. Clamping block; 18. Adjusting turntable; 19. Conveying screw; 110. Discharge box; 111. Drive motor; 112. Receiving box; 113. Telescopic cover; 2. X-axis column; 21. First through slot; 3. X-axis servo drive unit; 4. Y-axis moving seat; 41. Second 5. Through slot; 6. Y-axis servo drive unit; 7. Z-axis moving seat; 8. Z-axis servo drive unit; 9. Spindle machining head; 10. Support table; 11. Centering assembly; 101. Support frame; 1011. Placement slot; 102. Top cover; 103. Locking screw; 104. Clamping block; 01. Teaching reference component; 011. Marble straight edge; 012. L-shaped bracket; 02. Comparator; 021. Dial indicator; 03. Standard mandrel. Detailed Implementation
[0050] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-13 This application will be described in further detail.
[0051] This application discloses a machining method for machining the two ends of a long cylinder.
[0052] like Figure 1 The machining method for the two ends of a long cylinder includes the following steps: S1. Set up two sets of machining heads that can move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions; Two sets of XYZ movable machining heads are set up. Each set of machining heads is controlled by an X, Y, Z servo drive unit. The spindle can rotate and is equipped with cutting tools. The two sets of machining heads can be controlled synchronously or independently to machine both ends of the workpiece at the same time.
[0053] S2. Using the spindle of one set of machining heads as a reference, adjust the teaching reference 01 so that the length direction of the teaching reference 01 is parallel to the spindle direction of that set of machining heads. Specifically, taking the spindle of one set of machining heads as the reference means taking the current Y-axis position of the spindle of that set of machining heads as the Y-axis zero point of that machining head, and taking the current Z-axis position of the spindle of that set of machining heads as the Z-axis zero point of that machining head.
[0054] The length direction of the teaching reference 01 is parallel to the spindle direction of the group of machining heads. Specifically, taking the cuboid marble ruler 011 and the L-shaped bracket 012 as the teaching reference 01, the central axis of the length direction of the marble ruler 011 is adjusted to be parallel to the spindle of the machining head (i.e. the central axis of the length direction of the machining head), so that the normal projection of the central axis of the marble is parallel to the normal projection of the spindle of the machining head, and the side projection of the central axis of the marble is parallel to the side projection of the spindle of the machining head.
[0055] S3, taking the teaching reference 01 as a reference, determining the Z zero point and Y zero point positions of the other group of machining heads; By moving the other group of machining heads, the Y distance between the spindle of the group of machining heads and the central axis of the length direction of the marble ruler 011, and the Y distance between the spindle of the other group of machining heads and the central axis of the length direction of the marble ruler 011 are kept the same. The Z distance between the spindle of the group of machining heads and the central axis of the length direction of the marble ruler 011, and the Z distance between the spindle of the other group of machining heads and the central axis of the length direction of the marble ruler 011 are kept the same.
[0056] S4, setting the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the first group of machining heads; According to the hole and groove positions and radial dimensions of the workpiece end face, the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the first group of machining heads that need to be moved during machining are set.
[0057] S5, mirroring the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the first group of machining heads, and taking the mirrored data as the Z machining parameters and Y machining parameters of the second group of machining heads; S6, removing the teaching reference 01, clamping the long cylindrical workpiece, and making the central axis of the long cylindrical workpiece parallel to the spindle of the machining head; S7, controlling the two groups of machining heads to move synchronously and process the two end faces of the workpiece.
[0058] Synchronously driving the two groups of machining heads to move along the X axis direction to approach the workpiece, and stopping feeding when the machining head contacts the end face of the workpiece, and determining the respective X zero points at this position; Subsequently, the two groups of machining heads are controlled to move synchronously according to the preset mirroring relationship.
[0059] As Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , in step S2, the following steps are specifically included: S2.1, installing the comparator 02 on the teaching reference 01, and installing the standard core rod 03 on one of the groups of machining heads.
[0060] Place the marble ruler 011 between the two sets of machining heads, and then place an L-shaped bracket 012 against one side of the marble ruler 011, so that the two inner side walls of the L-shaped bracket 012 are in close contact with the side wall and the top wall of the marble ruler 011. The comparator 02 adopts a magnetic micrometer 021, and the base of the micrometer 021 is magnetically attracted to the L-shaped bracket 012.
[0061] To further ensure accuracy, the marble can be first adjusted using a laser level to keep it completely level, and then the magnetic micrometer 021 is attached to the standard mandrel 03, with the needle of the magnetic micrometer 021 resting on the top surface of the L-shaped bracket 012. The machining head is controlled to move in the X and Y directions, and then the needle of the magnetic micrometer 021 is placed on the side surface of the L-shaped bracket 012, and the machining head is controlled to move in the X and Z directions. This process is repeated to determine whether the L-shaped bracket 012 is in a completely vertical state. If it is, the next step is entered, and if it is not, the L-shaped bracket 012 is adjusted or replaced.
[0062] S2.2, the needle of the comparator 02 is in contact with the side generatrix of the standard mandrel 03, and the comparator 02 is controlled to slide along the length direction of the teaching reference 01, and the reading of the comparator 02 is observed; The specific operation of contacting the needle of the comparator 02 with the side generatrix of the standard mandrel 03 is to move the magnetic attraction bracket of the magnetic micrometer 021 up and down, so that the needle of the micrometer 021 is on the side generatrix of the standard mandrel 03, and then rotate the scale disc of the micrometer 021 to make the pointer of the micrometer 021 point to the 0 scale; The specific operation of the comparator 02 sliding along the length direction of the teaching reference 01 is to push the L-shaped bracket 012 to slide along the length direction of the marble ruler 011 while keeping it in close contact with the side surface and the top surface of the marble ruler 011; If the reading of the micrometer 021 changes during the movement, step S2.3 is executed, and if the reading of the micrometer 021 remains unchanged during the movement, step S2.4 is executed.
[0063] S2.3, the posture of the teaching reference 01 is adjusted, and step S2.2 is re-executed; The specific operation of adjusting the posture of the teaching reference 01 is to repeatedly hit the two sides of the marble with a rubber hammer, or to adjust it using the multiple push bolts provided on the support table 9. By rotating the push bolts, the marble is pushed to achieve correction.
[0064] S2.4, the needle of the comparator 02 is in contact with the upper generatrix of the standard mandrel 03, and the comparator 02 is controlled to slide along the length direction of the teaching reference 01, and the reading of the comparator 02 is observed; If the reading of the dial gauge 021 changes during the movement, step S2.5 is performed, and if the reading of the dial gauge 021 remains unchanged during the movement, step S3 is performed.
[0065] S2.5, the posture of the teaching reference 01 is adjusted, and step S2.4 is re-executed.
[0066] The multiple jacking bolts on the support table 9 are used for adjustment, and at least two jacking bolts are arranged on each end of the marble, and the two jacking bolts are arranged near one side of the marble. The marble is jacked up by rotating the jacking bolts, so as to realize the deviation correction.
[0067] The specific operation of step S2 can also be that two dial gauges 021 are simultaneously adsorbed by the magnetic seat, and one of the dial gauges 021 is in contact with the upper bus of the standard core rod 03, and the other dial gauge is in contact with the side bus of the standard core rod 03. The two dial gauges 021 are adjusted to 0; Then, the L-shaped bracket 012 is pushed to synchronously move the two dial gauges 021, the readings of the two dial gauges 021 are observed, and the posture of the marble ruler 011 is repeatedly adjusted until the readings of the two dial gauges 021 remain unchanged during the movement.
[0068] The specific operation of step S2 can also be that two L-shaped brackets 012 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the marble ruler 011, and one dial gauge 021 is adsorbed by each L-shaped bracket 012. One of the dial gauges 021 is in contact with the upper bus of the standard core rod 03, and the other dial gauge is in contact with the side bus of the standard core rod 03. The two dial gauges 021 are adjusted to 0; Then, the L-shaped bracket 012 is pushed to synchronously move the two dial gauges 021, the readings of the two dial gauges 021 are observed, and the posture of the marble ruler 011 is repeatedly adjusted until the readings of the two dial gauges 021 remain unchanged during the movement.
[0069] As Figure 5 In step S3, the following steps are specifically included: S3.1, the standard core rod 03 is installed on the other group of machining heads; S3.2, the standard core rod 03 of the other group of machining heads is controlled to be preliminarily aligned with the standard core rod 03 of the machining head in step S2; S3.3, the Z-direction and Y-direction positions of the comparator 02 are kept the same as the Z-direction and Y-direction positions in step S2.2; S3.4, the comparator 02 is slid to the end of the teaching reference 01 close to the other group of machining heads, the reading of the comparator 02 is observed, if the reading of the comparator 02 is not 0, the standard core rod 03 is moved until the reading of the comparator 02 is 0; S3.5, continue to slide the comparator 02, observe whether the reading of the comparator 02 changes, if it changes, execute step S3.6, if it does not change, execute step S3.7; S3.6, first observe whether the standard core rod 03 is clamped to be offset and adjust, then observe the offset of the marble, if the marble is offset, then re-execute step S2; S3.7, slide the comparator 02 away from the standard core rod 03, adjust the position of the comparator 02, keep the Z direction and Y direction positions of the comparator 02 same as the Z direction and Y direction positions of step S2.4; S3.8, slide the comparator 02 to the teaching reference 01 close to one end of another set of machining heads, observe the reading of the comparator 02, if the reading of the comparator 02 is not 0, move the standard core rod 03 until the reading of the comparator 02 is 0; S3.9, repeat steps S3.3 to S3.8 until the core rod does not need to be adjusted when performing steps S3.4 and S3.8, and the readings of the comparator 02 are 0 twice, then execute step S4.
[0070] The specific operation of step S3 can also be that two dial gauges 021 are simultaneously attracted by the magnetic seat and the standard core rod 03 is simultaneously in contact with the two dial gauges 021, the position of the standard core rod 03 is adjusted until the readings of the two dial gauges 021 are 0; Then move the L-shaped bracket 012, observe whether the reading of the dial gauge 021 changes, if the reading changes, observe whether the standard core rod 03 is clamped to be offset and adjust, then observe the offset of the marble, if the marble is offset, then re-execute step S2. If the reading of the dial gauge 021 does not change, the teaching is completed.
[0071] The specific operation of step S3 can also be that two dial gauges 021 are simultaneously attracted by the magnetic seat and the standard core rod 03 is simultaneously in contact with the two dial gauges 021, the position of the standard core rod 03 is adjusted until the readings of the two dial gauges 021 are 0;
[0072] The teaching efficiency of the two other embodiments of step S3 is higher, but two dial gauges 021 need to be used synchronously.
[0073] The principle of the embodiment of the application is that two groups of machining heads simultaneously machine two ends of a workpiece, avoiding the hoisting and secondary clamping operation of the workpiece in the traditional double-end overturning machining method, reducing auxiliary time, and improving overall machining efficiency. A spatial reference relationship between the two groups of machining heads is established through the teaching reference piece 01, and the Z and Y direction machining data of the other group of machining heads is quickly obtained through the mirror image mode with one group of machining heads as the reference, high-precision symmetrical positioning is realized, and the machining data of the two groups of machining heads does not need to be set, further improving the machining efficiency. Since the two groups of machining heads simultaneously machine in the same clamping state, the axis offset error caused by secondary clamping of the workpiece and the problem that the hole and groove positions of the two end faces cannot be completely symmetrical about the center of the workpiece are avoided, thereby facilitating improvement of the coaxiality and position accuracy of the two end face machining. The mirror image data is used to ensure the symmetry of the two groups of machining paths in space, avoiding the error problem caused by single machining head long travel and return, the machining paths of the two groups of machining heads are generated in a unified reference mirror image, the teaching process ensures that the two machining heads are consistent in Y and Z directions, so that even if there is a small structural error in the machine tool body, it will not be magnified and superimposed in the return machining process, thereby maintaining the machining consistency, and further improving the coaxiality and position accuracy of the two end face machining.
[0074] The embodiment of the application also provides a machining device for machining two end faces of a long cylinder, which is used to realize the machining method for machining two end faces of a long cylinder.
[0075] As Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the machining device for machining two end faces of a long cylinder comprises an X-direction guide rail base 1, a receiving groove 11 is formed in the middle of the X-direction guide rail base 1 along the length direction thereof, and the top of the X-direction guide rail base 1 is provided with double guide rails, and the receiving groove 11 is located between the two guide rails.
[0076] Two X-direction columns 2 are slidably connected to the X-direction guide rail base 1, the X-direction column 2 is a ladder-type frame structure, an X-direction servo driving unit 3 is arranged on the X-direction guide rail base 1, the number of the X-direction servo driving units 3 is two, and each X-direction servo driving unit 3 drives one X-direction column 2 to move along the X direction.
[0077] A fixing seat 12 is installed in the receiving groove 11, the fixing seat 12 is located between the two X-direction columns 2, and the lead screws of the two X-direction servo driving units 3 are each rotationally connected to one end of the fixing seat 12. The motors of the X-direction servo driving units 3 are installed at the two ends of the X-direction guide rail base 1.
[0078] The first through groove 21 is a rectangular groove, and the opposite side of the two X-direction vertical columns 2 is slidably connected with a Y-direction moving seat 4. The Y-direction moving seat 4 is connected with the X-direction vertical column 2 through double-rail sliding connection. One of the slide rails is arranged near the top of the X-direction vertical column 2, and the other slide rail is arranged near the bottom of the X-direction vertical column 2. The X-direction vertical column 2 is provided with a Y-direction servo driving unit 5. The Y-direction servo driving unit 5 is used for controlling the movement of the Y-direction moving seat 4. The number of the Y-direction servo driving unit 5 is two. One Y-direction servo driving unit 5 is arranged near the top of the X-direction vertical column 2, and the other Y-direction servo driving unit 5 is arranged near the bottom of the X-direction vertical column 2.
[0079] The second through groove 41 is a rectangular groove, and the opposite side of the two Y-direction moving seats 4 is slidably connected with a Z-direction moving seat 6. The Z-direction moving seat 6 is connected with the Y-direction moving seat 4 through double-rail sliding connection. The two slide rails are arranged on one side of the Y-direction moving seat 4. The Y-direction moving seat 4 is provided with a Z-direction servo driving unit 7. The Z-direction servo driving unit 7 is used for controlling the movement of the Z-direction moving seat 6. The nut seat of the Z-direction servo driving unit 7 is arranged near one side of the second through groove 41. The Z-direction moving seat 6 is provided with a spindle machining head 8. The driving part of the spindle machining head 8 is located in the first through groove 21 and the second through groove 41. The spindle machining head 8 can be used for clamping a milling cutter and a standard core rod 03, and can control the milling cutter to rotate at high speed.
[0080] As Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the X-direction guide rail base 1 is slidably connected with a support table 9. In the embodiment of the application, the number of the support table 9 is three. The three support tables 9 are located between the two X-direction vertical columns 2. The support table 9 is installed with a centering assembly 10. The centering assembly 10 is used for clamping a workpiece. The three centering assemblies 10 cooperate to make the central axis of the workpiece parallel to the central axis of the spindle head. The support table 9 can also be used for placing a teaching reference piece 01.
[0081] The control of the two spindle machining heads 8 to process the two end faces of the workpiece is realized. In the teaching stage, the support table 9 can be used for placing a marble ruler 011 and other teaching reference pieces 01, so as to facilitate the parallelism and zero point calibration of the two sets of machining heads. In the processing stage, the support table 9 can be installed with the centering assembly 10 to coaxially clamp and position the workpiece, so that the central axis of the workpiece is parallel to the axis of the spindle machining head 8.
[0082] As Figure 11 and Figure 12The centering assembly 10 comprises a support frame 101 mounted on the support table 9, the support frame 101 is provided with a placing groove 1011, the placing groove 1011 is a V-shaped groove, when the workpiece is supported on the placing groove 1011, the peripheral surface of the workpiece is in line contact with the two side walls of the placing groove 1011, the support frame 101 is bolted with a top cover 102, the top cover 102 is threadedly connected with a locking screw 103, the locking screw 103 is rotatably connected with a abutting block 104, the abutting block 104 is a V-shaped block, and the abutting block 104 is used for abutting the workpiece in cooperation with the placing groove 1011.
[0083] The line contact of the two side walls of the placing groove 1011 to the peripheral surface of the workpiece can automatically form a stable supporting position of the workpiece under the action of gravity, is suitable for long cylindrical workpieces, and can naturally center after the workpiece is placed, so that repeated fine adjustment is reduced, and is suitable for stable support and rapid clamping of long cylindrical workpieces.
[0084] As shown in Figure 13 , the X-direction guide rail base 1 is provided with a hard rail 14 on each side, the support table 9 is provided with a sliding seat 15 on each side, the sliding seat 15 is rotatably connected with a bidirectional screw rod 16, the sliding seat 15 is slidably connected with two clamping blocks 17, the two clamping blocks 17 are respectively threadedly connected with each threaded segment of the bidirectional screw rod 16, the bidirectional screw rod 16 is connected with an adjusting turntable 18, and the hard rail 14 is located between the two clamping blocks 17.
[0085] The support table 9 can slide along the hard rail 14 to adapt to workpieces of different lengths. When the support table 9 is moved to the required position, the adjusting turntable 18 is rotated, the bidirectional screw rod 16 synchronously drives the two clamping blocks 17 to move in opposite directions, and then the hard rail 14 is clamped and fixed. The symmetrical clamping is realized through the bidirectional screw rod 16 mechanism, the uniform distribution of the clamping force is ensured, the support table 9 is prevented from deviating or tilting due to unilateral force, high-precision locking positioning of the support table 9 is realized, and the stability and machining precision during workpiece clamping are improved.
[0086] As shown in Figure 8 , the two ends of the fixed seat 12 are rotatably connected with conveying screw rods 19, the two ends of the X-direction guide rail base 1 are provided with discharge boxes 110, the discharge boxes 110 are provided with driving motors 111, the conveying screw rods 19 extend into the discharge boxes 110 and are connected with the driving motors 111, the discharge boxes 110 are provided below with receiving boxes 112, and the conveying screw rods 19 are located below the leadscrews of the X-direction servo driving unit 3.
[0087] The telescopic cover plate 113 is telescoped synchronously with the movement of the X-direction vertical column 2, is always located above the leadscrew of the X-direction servo driving unit 3, can effectively prevent the cutting chips, dust or cooling liquid generated during machining from falling into the leadscrew transmission area, thereby avoiding affecting the lubrication state and transmission precision of the leadscrew, and prolonging the service life of the leadscrew.
[0088] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so that: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method of machining the end faces of an elongate cylinder, characterised in that: The method comprises the following steps: Setting two groups of machining heads which can move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions; Taking the spindle of one group of machining heads as a reference, adjusting the teaching reference part (01) to make the length direction of the teaching reference part (01) parallel to the spindle direction of the group of machining heads; Determining the Z-direction zero point and Y-direction zero point positions of the other group of machining heads based on the teaching reference part (01); Setting the Z-direction machining parameters and Y-direction machining parameters of the first group of machining heads; Mirroring the Z-direction machining parameters and Y-direction machining parameters of the first group of machining heads, and taking the mirrored data as the Z-direction machining parameters and Y-direction machining parameters of the second group of machining heads; Removing the teaching reference part (01) and clamping the long cylindrical workpiece; Controlling the two groups of machining heads to synchronously machine the two end faces of the workpiece.
2. The processing method of claim 1, wherein: The adjusting of the teaching reference part (01) comprises the following steps: Installing a comparator (02) on the teaching reference part (01) and installing a standard core rod (03) on one group of machining heads; Making the hands of the comparator (02) contact the side generatrix and upper generatrix of the standard core rod (03) and sliding along the length direction of the teaching reference part (01); If the readings of the comparator (02) change, adjusting the posture of the teaching reference part (01) until the readings of the hands of the comparator (02) contacting the side generatrix and the readings of the hands of the comparator (02) contacting the upper generatrix always remain zero.
3. The processing method of claim 2, wherein: Determining the Z-direction zero point and Y-direction zero point positions of the other group of machining heads based on the teaching reference part (01) comprises the following steps: Installing a standard core rod (03) on the other group of machining heads; Sliding the comparator (02) to the end of the teaching reference part (01) close to the other group of machining heads; Controlling the side generatrix and upper generatrix of the standard core rod (03) on the other group of machining heads to contact the hands of the comparator (02) until the readings of the hands of the comparator (02) contacting the side generatrix and the readings of the hands of the comparator (02) contacting the upper generatrix always remain zero.
4. The processing method of claim 1, wherein: Controlling the two groups of machining heads to synchronously machine the two end faces of the workpiece comprises the following steps: Synchronously driving the two groups of machining heads to approach the workpiece along the X-axis direction, and stopping feeding when detecting that the machining heads contact the end faces of the workpiece to determine the X-direction zero points of the machining heads; Subsequently, controlling the two groups of machining heads to synchronously feed according to the preset mirroring relationship.
5. The processing method of claim 1, wherein: Taking the cuboid marble ruler (011) as the teaching reference part (01), the specific operation of controlling the comparator (02) to slide along the length direction of the teaching reference part (01) is as follows: taking the L-shaped bracket (012) to be placed on the marble ruler (011) to make the two inner sides of the L-shaped bracket (012) respectively adhere to one side and the top of the marble ruler (011), installing the comparator (02) on the L-shaped bracket (012), and pushing the L-shaped bracket (012) to slide along the length direction of the marble ruler (011) while keeping the L-shaped bracket (012) closely adhering to the side and top of the marble ruler (011).
6. A processing apparatus for processing end faces of an elongated cylindrical body, characterized by: The application discloses a machining method for machining two end faces of an elongated cylinder, which comprises an X-direction guide rail base (1), two X-direction columns (2) slidably connected to the X-direction guide rail base (1), a Y-direction moving base (4) slidably connected to the X-direction columns (2), a Z-direction moving base (6) slidably connected to the Y-direction moving base (4), and a main shaft machining head (8) arranged on the Z-direction moving base (6). An X-direction servo driving unit (3) for driving the X-direction columns (2) to move is arranged on the X-direction guide rail base (1), a Y-direction servo driving unit (5) for driving the Y-direction moving base (4) to move is arranged on the X-direction columns (2), and a Z-direction servo driving unit (7) for driving the Z-direction moving base (6) is arranged on the Y-direction moving base (4). At least two supporting tables (9) are arranged on the X-direction guide rail base (1), the supporting tables (9) are located between the two X-direction columns (2), a centering assembly (10) for clamping a workpiece and making the central axis of the workpiece parallel to the central axis of the main shaft head is arranged on the supporting tables (9), and the supporting tables (9) can also be used for placing a teaching reference piece (01).
7. The processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: The centering assembly (10) comprises a supporting frame (101) mounted on the supporting table (9), the supporting frame (101) is provided with a placing groove (1011), when a workpiece is supported on the placing groove (1011), the peripheral surface of the workpiece is in line contact with the two side walls of the placing groove (1011), a top cover (102) is mounted on the supporting frame (101), the top cover (102) is threadedly connected with a locking screw (103), the locking screw (103) is rotationally connected with a pressing block (104), and the pressing block (104) is used for pressing the workpiece in cooperation with the placing groove (1011).
8. The processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: A first through groove (21) is formed on one side of the X-direction column (2) facing the supporting table (9), a second through groove (41) is formed on one side of the Y-direction moving base (4) facing the supporting table (9), the top and bottom of the Y-direction moving base (4) are slidably connected with the X-direction column (2) through sliding blocks, the left and right sides of the Z-direction moving base (6) are slidably connected with the Y-direction moving base (4) through sliding blocks, the driving part of the main shaft machining head (8) is located in the first through groove (21) and the second through groove (41), and two Y-direction servo driving units (5) are arranged, one nut base of the Y-direction servo driving unit (5) is connected with the top of the Y-direction moving base (4), and the nut base of the other Y-direction servo driving unit (5) is connected with the bottom of the Y-direction moving base (4).
9. The processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: The X guide rail base (1) is provided with a fixing seat (12), a lead screw of the X servo driving unit (3) is rotationally connected to the fixing seat (12), the fixing seat (12) is located between two X vertical columns (2), the X vertical column (2) is connected with an extension cover plate (113), the extension cover plate (113) is connected with the fixing seat (12), the extension cover plate (113) covers the lead screw segment of the X servo driving unit (3) between the X vertical column (2) and the fixing seat (12); Both ends of the fixing seat (12) are rotationally connected with conveying screws (19), both ends of the X guide rail base (1) are provided with discharge boxes (110), the discharge boxes (110) are provided with driving motors (111), the conveying screws (19) extend into the discharge boxes (110) and are connected with the driving motors (111), the discharge boxes (110) are provided with receiving boxes (112) below, and the conveying screws (19) are located below the lead screw of the X servo driving unit (3).
10. The processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: Both sides of the X guide rail base (1) are provided with hard rails (14), both sides of the support table (9) are provided with sliding seats (15), the sliding seats (15) are rotationally connected with bidirectional screws (16), the sliding seats (15) are slidingly connected with two clamping blocks (17), the two clamping blocks (17) are respectively threadedly connected with each threaded segment of the bidirectional screw (16), the bidirectional screw (16) is connected with an adjusting turntable (18), and the hard rail (14) is located between the two clamping blocks (17).