Communication method and device and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a communication method and device and a computer readable storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: determining a queue pair QP parameter based on access network side information corresponding to a session of terminal equipment, the QP parameter being used for remote direct data acquisition RDMA transmission of data of the terminal equipment; and sending the QP parameter. According to the embodiment of the invention, when data transmission needs to be carried out between the terminal equipment and the application server in an RDMA mode, the QP parameter can be determined based on the access network side information corresponding to the session, so that the QP parameter can be better matched with the transmission configuration condition, the resource configuration condition, the signal quality condition and the like of the network side, and the performance of RDMA data transmission can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, and in particular to a communication method, an apparatus and a computer readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Remote direct memory access (RDMA) is a data transmission technology, and RDMA can realize direct transmission of data in a storage area (such as memory) between two nodes without intervention of an operating system. Therefore, RDMA has the characteristics of large bandwidth, low latency and low CPU overhead.

[0003] RDMA data transmission involves a large number of parameter selections, and different parameter selections will have different effects on the overall transmission performance (such as latency, throughput, etc.). Therefore, how to select optimal parameters to improve the performance of RDMA data transmission is a problem that the industry is concerned about. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application disclose a communication method, an apparatus and a computer readable storage medium. When data transmission needs to be performed in an RDMA manner between a terminal device and an application server, related RDMA parameters can be generated based on access network side information, and the performance of RDMA data transmission can be improved.

[0005] The first aspect discloses a communication method, which can be applied to a network device (such as an access network device, a session management network element, a data analysis network element, etc.), a component (for example, a processor, a chip, a chip system, a circuit or a functional module) in a network device, a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of a network device, and a communication system which can include a session management network element, a terminal device, an access network device, etc. The communication method can include: determining a queue pair (QP) parameter based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, the QP parameter being used for remote direct memory access (RDMA) transmission of data of the terminal device; and sending the QP parameter.

[0006] In the embodiments of the present application, when data transmission needs to be performed in an RDMA manner between a terminal device and an application server, a network device can be triggered to determine a QP parameter based on access network side information corresponding to a session, and the terminal device and the application server can perform data transmission based on the QP parameter. Since the access network side information is considered when the QP parameter is determined, the obtained QP parameter can be more suitable for the transmission environment of the access network side, for example, more suitable for the transmission configuration, resource configuration and / or signal quality of the network side, so that the performance of RDMA data transmission can be improved.

[0007] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device comprises: determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device and RDMA information corresponding to the session; the RDMA information corresponding to the session comprises one or more of the following: an RDMA transmission type, an RDMA protocol type, an RDMA service type, and RDMA protocol information.

[0008] In the embodiments of the present application, a plurality of RDMA transmission protocols and RDMA service types can be flexibly supported, and the QP parameters corresponding to different RDMA information can be different. Therefore, the accuracy of the determined QP parameter can be ensured by combining the RDMA information corresponding to the session.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the access network side information corresponding to the session comprises one or more of the following: a reordering time, a retransmission number configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a retransmission number configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0010] In the embodiments of the present application, the access network side includes a set of data transmission mechanisms (such as reordering and retransmission), and the end-to-end also includes an RDMA transmission mechanism (such as flow control and retransmission). Therefore, considering the transmission configuration of the access network side (such as the reordering time, the retransmission number configured by the RLC layer, and the retransmission number configured by the MAC layer) can avoid conflicts between the RDMA configuration and the access network side configuration, such as repeated retransmission triggered by the reordering time of the access network side being shorter than the timeout retransmission time of the RDMA, thereby improving the performance of the data RDMA data transmission. In addition, considering the access network side resource information can make more full use of the resources (such as air interface resources) of the access network side, and can improve the resource utilization efficiency of the access network side.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on service quality information of the session.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present application, the service quality corresponding to different sessions can be different, such as the requirements for throughput and latency can be different. Correspondingly, the configurations of the access network side corresponding to different service quality sessions are also different. Therefore, the network device can determine the access network side information corresponding to the session based on the service quality information of the session, so as to further determine the QP parameter.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the QP parameter includes one or more of: a timeout retransmission time; a maximum sending rate; a plurality of delay ranges, and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges; a statistical window size of the delay, the statistical window size being a first time length or a first data amount or a first message quantity.

[0014] In the embodiments of the present application, the determined QP parameter can include flow control parameters and retransmission parameters, and the like, and the optimal flow control and retransmission control can be achieved, so as to guarantee the performance of data transmission. In addition, the different sending rates configured for the delay ranges can enable the sending end to control the sending rate in real time according to the delay, which is equivalent to controlling the sending rate according to the network transmission situation in real time, and can adapt to the real-time changes of the air interface more quickly.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the sending the QP parameter includes: sending the QP parameter to a terminal device and / or an application function network element.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method is performed by an access network device or a data analysis network element, and the method further includes: receiving first indication information from a session management network element, the first indication information being used to indicate to determine the QP parameter.

[0017] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving RDMA information corresponding to the session from the session management network element, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0018] In the embodiments of the present application, the QP parameter can be determined by the session management network element, and the access network device or the data analysis network element, and the related information such as the RDMA information used to determine the QP parameter can be provided.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method is performed by a data analysis network element or a session management network element, and the method further includes: sending second indication information to an access network device, the second indication information being used to request to obtain access network side information corresponding to the session (that is, the second indication information is used to indicate to provide the access network side information corresponding to the session); and receiving the access network side information corresponding to the session from the access network device.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application, the second indication information can be sent to the access network device to indicate the access network device to provide the access network side information corresponding to the session, so as to determine the QP parameter.

[0021] The second aspect discloses a communication method, which can be applied to a terminal device / application function network element (AF), can be applied to a component (for example, a processor, a chip, a chip system, a circuit, or a functional module) in the terminal device / application function network element, can be applied to a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the terminal device / application function network element, and is described below by taking the terminal device / application function network element as an example. The communication method can include: receiving a queue pair (QP) parameter, the QP parameter being determined based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, the QP parameter being used for remote data direct access (RDMA) transmission of data of the terminal device; and sending the QP parameter in a process of establishing an RDMA connection.

[0022] In the embodiments of the application, the QP parameter determined by the network device based on the access network side information corresponding to the session can be used by the terminal device and the application server when performing data transmission. Since the QP parameter is more matched to the transmission environment of the access network side, for example, is more matched to the transmission configuration, resource configuration, and / or signal quality of the network side, and the like, the performance of the RDMA data transmission can be improved.

[0023] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the method further includes: sending third indication information to a session management network element, the third indication information being used to indicate that the RDMA is used to perform communication.

[0024] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the method further includes: sending RDMA information corresponding to the session to a session management network element, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0025] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: a reordering time, a retransmission number of a radio link control (RLC) layer configuration, a retransmission number of a medium access control (MAC) layer configuration, and access network side resource information.

[0026] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on quality of service (QoS) information of the session.

[0027] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the QP parameter includes one or more of the following: a timeout retransmission time, a maximum sending rate, a plurality of delay range and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay range, and a statistical window size of a delay, the statistical window size being a first time length, a first data amount, or a first message quantity.

[0028] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the second aspect of the present application can correspond to the solutions of the first aspect, and the related beneficial effects can refer to the beneficial effects of the first aspect.

[0029] The third aspect discloses a communication method, which can be applied to a session management network element, a component (for example, a processor, a chip, a chip system, a circuit or a functional module) in the session management network element, and a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the session management network element. The communication method can include: receiving third indication information from a terminal device or an application function network element, the third indication information being used to indicate that a remote data direct access (RDMA) mode is used for communication; and sending first indication information to an access network device or a data analysis network element, the first indication information being used to indicate that a queue pair (QP) parameter is determined, the QP parameter being determined based on access network side information corresponding to a session of the terminal device, and the QP parameter being used for RDMA transmission of data of the terminal device.

[0030] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving RDMA information corresponding to the session from the terminal device or the application function network element, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0031] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the method further includes: sending the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0032] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the method further includes: sending quality of service information of the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0033] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: a reordering time, a retransmission number configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a retransmission number configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0034] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on quality of service information of the session.

[0035] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the QP parameter includes one or more of the following: a timeout retransmission time, a maximum sending rate, a plurality of delay ranges and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges, and a statistical window size of a delay, the statistical window size being a first time length, a first data amount or a first message quantity.

[0036] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the third aspect of the present application can correspond to the solutions of the first aspect, and the related beneficial effects can refer to the beneficial effects of the first aspect.

[0037] The fourth aspect discloses a communication apparatus, which can be a network device (such as an access network device, a session management network element, a data analysis network element, etc.) or a component (such as a processor, a chip, a chip system, a circuit, or a functional module) in a network device. The communication apparatus comprises: a processing unit configured to determine a queue pair (QP) parameter based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, the QP parameter being used for remote data direct access (RDMA) transmission of data of the terminal device; and a sending unit configured to send the QP parameter.

[0038] In combination with the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation, the processing unit is specifically configured to determine the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device and RDMA information corresponding to the session; and the RDMA information corresponding to the session comprises one or more of the following: an RDMA transmission type, an RDMA protocol type, an RDMA service type, and RDMA protocol information.

[0039] In combination with the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session comprises one or more of the following: a reordering time, a retransmission number configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a retransmission number configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0040] In combination with the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on quality of service (QoS) information of the session.

[0041] In combination with the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation, the QP parameter comprises one or more of the following: a timeout retransmission time, a maximum sending rate, a plurality of delay ranges and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges, and a statistical window size of a delay, the statistical window size being a first time length, a first data amount, or a first message quantity.

[0042] In combination with the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation, the sending unit is specifically configured to send the QP parameter to the terminal device and / or an application function network element.

[0043] In combination with the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus is an access network device or a data analysis network element, and the communication apparatus further comprises a receiving unit configured to receive first indication information from a session management network element, the first indication information being used to indicate that the QP parameter is determined.

[0044] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the receiving unit is further configured to receive RDMA information corresponding to the session from the session management network element, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session is used to determine the QP parameter.

[0045] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the communication apparatus is a data analysis network element or a session management network element, the sending unit is further configured to send second indication information to the access network device, and the second indication information is used to indicate that the access network side information corresponding to the session is provided; and the receiving unit is further configured to receive the access network side information corresponding to the session from the access network device.

[0046] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the receiving unit is further configured to receive third indication information and / or RDMA information corresponding to the session from a terminal device or an application function network element, and the third indication information is used to indicate that the communication is performed in the RDMA manner.

[0047] A fifth aspect discloses a communication apparatus, which can be a terminal device / application function network element (AF) or a component (for example, a processor, a chip, a chip system, a circuit or a functional module) in the terminal device / application function network element. The communication apparatus comprises a receiving unit configured to receive a queue pair (QP) parameter, the QP parameter being determined based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, and the QP parameter being used for remote data direct access (RDMA) transmission of data of the terminal device; and a sending unit configured to send the QP parameter in a process of establishing an RDMA connection.

[0048] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the sending unit is further configured to send third indication information to a session management network element, and the third indication information is used to indicate that the communication is performed in the RDMA manner.

[0049] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the sending unit is further configured to send RDMA information corresponding to the session to a session management network element, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session is used to determine the QP parameter.

[0050] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the sending unit is further configured to send quality of service information of the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0051] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the access network side information corresponding to the session comprises one or more of the following: reordering time, a number of retransmissions configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a number of retransmissions configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0052] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on service quality information of the session.

[0053] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, the QP parameter comprises one or more of: a timeout retransmission time; a maximum sending rate; a plurality of delay ranges, and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges; a statistical window size of a delay, the statistical window size being a first time length or a first data amount or a first message quantity.

[0054] The sixth aspect discloses a communication apparatus, which can be a session management network element or a component (for example, a processor, a chip, a chip system, a circuit or a functional module) in the session management network element. The communication apparatus comprises: a receiving unit configured to receive third indication information from a terminal device or an application function network element, the third indication information being used to indicate that a remote data direct access (RDMA) mode is used for communication; and a sending unit configured to send first indication information to an access network device or a data analysis network element, the first indication information being used to indicate that a queue pair (QP) parameter is determined, the QP parameter being determined based on access network side information corresponding to a session of the terminal device, and the QP parameter being used for RDMA transmission of data of the terminal device.

[0055] With reference to the sixth aspect, in a possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to receive RDMA information corresponding to the session from the terminal device or the application function network element, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0056] With reference to the sixth aspect, in a possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to send the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0057] With reference to the sixth aspect, in a possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to send service quality information of the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0058] With reference to the sixth aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session comprises one or more of: a reordering time, a retransmission number configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a retransmission number configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0059] With reference to the sixth aspect, in a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on service quality information of the session.

[0060] In combination with the sixth aspect, in a possible implementation, the QP parameter comprises one or more of: a timeout retransmission time; a maximum sending rate; a plurality of delay ranges, and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges; a statistical window size of the delay, the statistical window size being a first time length or a first data amount or a first message quantity.

[0061] The seventh aspect discloses a communication system, comprising an access network device configured to implement the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect, and a session management network element configured to implement the method provided in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0062] In combination with the seventh aspect, in a possible implementation, the communication system can further comprise a terminal device and / or an application function network element configured to implement the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0063] The eighth aspect discloses a communication system, comprising an access network device, a data analysis network element configured to implement the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect, and a session management network element configured to implement the method provided in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect, wherein the access network device is configured to provide the data analysis network element with access network side information corresponding to a session.

[0064] In combination with the eighth aspect, in a possible implementation, the communication system can further comprise a terminal device and / or an application function network element configured to implement the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0065] The ninth aspect discloses a communication system, comprising an access network device and a session management network element configured to implement the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the access network device is configured to provide the session management network element with access network side information corresponding to a session.

[0066] In combination with the ninth aspect, in a possible implementation, the communication system can further comprise a terminal device and / or an application function network element configured to implement the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0067] The tenth aspect discloses a communication apparatus, comprising a processor and a communication interface; the communication interface is configured to receive and send data; the processor invokes a computer program or computer instructions stored in a memory to implement the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0068] The eleventh aspect discloses a communication apparatus, comprising a processor and a communication interface; the communication interface is configured to receive and send data; the processor invokes a computer program or computer instructions stored in a memory to implement the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0069] The twelfth aspect discloses a communication apparatus, comprising a processor and a communication interface; the communication interface is configured to receive and send data; the processor invokes a computer program or computer instructions stored in a memory to implement the method provided in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0070] As a possible implementation, the processor comprised in the communication apparatus disclosed in the eighth aspect, the communication apparatus disclosed in the ninth aspect and the communication apparatus disclosed in the tenth aspect can be one or more.

[0071] Optionally, the communication apparatus disclosed in the tenth aspect, the communication apparatus disclosed in the eleventh aspect and the communication apparatus disclosed in the twelfth aspect further comprise one or more memories.

[0072] The thirteenth aspect discloses a computer readable storage medium, the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program or computer instructions, when the computer program or computer instructions are run, implement the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect, or implement the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect, or implement the method provided in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0073] The fourteenth aspect discloses a chip, comprising a processor, configured to execute a program stored in a memory, when the program is executed, so that the chip executes the method provided in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect, or executes the method provided in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect, or executes the method provided in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0074] As a possible implementation, the memory is located outside the chip.

[0075] A fifteenth aspect discloses a computer program product comprising computer program code which, when the computer program code is run, causes the method provided by the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect to be performed, or causes the method provided by the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect to be performed, or causes the method provided by the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect to be performed.

[0076] It should be understood that the implementation and beneficial effects of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the present application can be mutually referred to. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0077] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0078] Figure 1 is a system architecture diagram of a 5G network provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 2 is an application scenario diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 3 is a flow diagram of a communication method disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 4 is a flow diagram of another communication method disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Figure 5 is a flow diagram of still another communication method disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Figure 6 is a flow diagram of still another communication method disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a communication device disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of another communication device disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0086] Figure 9 is a hardware structure diagram of a communication device disclosed by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] The embodiment of the application discloses a communication method, device and computer readable storage medium, which can improve the performance of RDMA data transmission. The technical solutions in the embodiment of the application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the application.

[0088] In order to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the related contents, terms or names involved in the present application will be briefly introduced below.

[0089] I. Data transmission demand of future network

[0090] With the continuous development of communication technology and computer technology, future networks (such as 6G) will face increasing data transmission demands, such as high-definition video, virtual reality, cloud gaming, immersive cloud extended reality (XR), etc. At the same time, for real-time interaction, remote collaboration and automation application scenarios in future networks, low latency is crucial, therefore, future networks need to achieve millisecond-level or even lower latency to ensure real-time performance and user experience. In summary, for future networks, it is necessary to be able to handle a large amount of data traffic and guarantee low latency, that is, to have the characteristics of high throughput and low latency.

[0091] Further, for future network coordination and network convergence scenarios, nodes / devices in future networks also need to perform a large amount of computation, requiring a large amount of computing power, such as training artificial intelligence (AI) models, machine learning (ML) models, etc. Under the high-speed data transmission scenario, a large amount of input / output (I / O) operations of data also require a large amount of central processing unit (CPU) resources, which may affect the computing power of the network, therefore, low CPU overhead is also a demand of data transmission in future networks.

[0092] II. Remote data direct access (RDMA)

[0093] RDMA is a data transmission technology aiming to solve the high-throughput and low-latency data transmission requirement in network transmission. RDMA allows direct transfer of data in storage areas (such as memory) between two nodes without the intervention of the operating system, which is equivalent to the local node accessing the storage area of the remote node directly. This data transmission method can bypass multiple memory copies of the operating system, thereby realizing low-latency and high-bandwidth (bandwidth, BW) data transmission. Moreover, this method can reduce CPU resource occupation and achieve low CPU overhead. RDMA can also be referred to as remote direct address access, remote direct memory access, etc.

[0094] The RDMA protocol includes the infiniband (IB) protocol, the RDMA over converged ethernet (RoCE) protocol and the internet wide area RDMA protocol (iWARP), etc. These three protocols all conform to the RDMA standard and share the same upper interface (Verbs), but there are some differences at different levels.

[0095] The related concepts in RDMA are introduced below.

[0096] RDMA uses a work queue (WQ) to queue a series of service requests for execution. The work queue is divided into two types, one is a send work queue for sending operations, and the other is a receive work queue for receiving operations. In the RDMA technology, the basic subject or object of communication is a queue pair (QP), which includes a send work queue and a receive work queue. Generally, the send work queue stores instructions that cause data to be transmitted between the user's memory and another user's memory, that is, stores sending tasks, and the receive work queue stores instructions about where to place the data received from another user, that is, stores receiving tasks. It should be understood that a node can include one or more QPs, and each QP on a node includes a corresponding query pair number (QPN), which can uniquely determine a QP on a node.

[0097] RDMA data transmission includes connection-oriented and datagram-oriented. For connection-oriented services, a QP is completely associated with another QP. For datagram services, a single QP is allowed to send and receive messages to any appropriate QP on any node. During the RDMA communication establishment process, the QP information and other related information of the node are exchanged between the two nodes.

[0098] RDMA data transfer also includes two types of reliable and unreliable. For reliable service, the transmission guarantees that each message is accurately delivered once in order without error. In order to provide this level of reliability, the receiving QP can use positive acknowledgment (ACK) or negative acknowledgment (NAK) for response. For unreliable service, the transmission cannot guarantee that all data is delivered, and the receiving QP can not use ACK or NAK for response.

[0099] Based on the two aspects of connection and reliability, RDMA can support four different service types / transmission modes, that is, reliable connection (RC), unreliable connection (UC), reliable datagram (RD), and unreliable datagram (UD). In RDMA, each QP is configured as a specific operation class, that is, a service type, and the source QP and the target QP must be configured as the same service type to normally communicate.

[0100] III. Flow control technology of RDMA

[0101] The flow control algorithm of RDMA includes a data center quantized congestion notification (DCQCN) algorithm, a bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip propagation time (BBR) algorithm, and the like, and the DCQCN algorithm and the BBR algorithm will be introduced below.

[0102] The congestion control mechanism provided by the DCQCN algorithm is that, after queue congestion is found on a forwarding device (such as a switch), if the queue depth of the forwarding device exceeds a certain threshold, the forwarding device sends a packet with an explicit congestion notification (ECN) mark to a receiving end. After receiving the packet with the ECN mark, the receiving end can send a congestion notification packet (CNP) to the sending end to inform the sending end to reduce the sending rate. For example, the DCQCN algorithm can include two thresholds, a low threshold and a high threshold. When the queue depth of the forwarding device is lower than the low threshold, the forwarding device normally forwards the packet / data packet, when the queue depth of the forwarding device is higher than the low threshold but lower than the high threshold, the forwarding device marks the packet / data packet with an ECN mark with a certain probability, and when the queue depth of the forwarding device is higher than the high threshold, the forwarding device can mark all the packets / data packets with the ECN mark.

[0103] The core idea of the BBR algorithm is that there is a certain relationship between the delay of the network and the amount of transmitted data, and there is a maximum bandwidth point under the condition of a certain round-trip time (RTT), and when the amount of transmitted data exceeds the maximum bandwidth, the network RTT will also increase synchronously, so the core of the BBR algorithm is to find the maximum network bandwidth under the condition of the minimum RTT, that is, to find the two parameters of the maximum bandwidth (max BW) and the minimum delay (min RTT). The product of the maximum bandwidth and the minimum delay can obtain the bandwidth delay product (BDP), and the BDP can measure the maximum capacity of the data that can be stored in the network link. In specific implementation, the BBR algorithm alternately samples and measures the two indexes of bandwidth and RTT, takes the maximum bandwidth and the minimum RTT in a period of time as the estimated values, and finds an optimal point of bandwidth and delay.

[0104] Under the flow control mode of BBR, the maximum sending rate allowed can be set based on a specific BDP value (such as a BDP value required by a service) and combined with RTT delay information that can be guaranteed by the network, and the accuracy of the maximum sending rate setting determines the performance of data transmission. Similarly, for DCQCN, due to the uncontrollability of the air interface delay, the sending end may not be able to reduce the speed in time based on the ECN-CNP rate control mode, resulting in congestion on the network side, such as congestion on the base station side, thereby causing packet loss. Therefore, the maximum sending rate can also be set for the DCQCN mode in the embodiments of the present application to avoid network congestion.

[0105] Four, retransmission technology of RDMA

[0106] The RDMA retransmission mechanism includes Go-Back-N (GBN) and an improved RoCE network interface card (IRN).

[0107] The GBN retransmission mechanism is a pipelined reliable transport protocol. It allows the sender to send multiple packets without waiting for an acknowledgement, but when a packet is found to be timed out, it needs to retransmit all the subsequent packets from the timed-out packet. The GBN protocol usually uses only one retransmission timeout (RTO) timer to track the earliest unacknowledged packet in the sending window. If the acknowledgement (ACK) of the packet does not arrive before the retransmission timeout timer expires, the sender will retransmit all unacknowledged packets in the window.

[0108] The IRN adopts a selective retransmission mechanism, which allows selective retransmission of lost packets when packet loss occurs. In order to ensure the efficiency of retransmission, the IRN includes two retransmission timeout timers, which are long RTO and short RTO. The short RTO is used to handle the situation that may increase the short message tail delay, and the long RTO is used to avoid excessive false retransmission / fake retransmission. In actual situations, the IRN will use long and short RTOs according to the number of data packets transmitted in the network, that is, according to the number of data packets in flight in the network. If the number of data packets exceeds the set threshold, the long RTO is used, otherwise the short RTO is used. The data packets in flight can be understood as the data packets that have been sent out but not yet acknowledged.

[0109] Five, QP attributes and state switching of QP

[0110] From the above related description, it can be known that in the RDMA technology, the basic subject or object of communication is QP. When communication is needed, the sender and the receiver both need to create QP, and then communicate based on the QP. When creating the QP, the corresponding attributes (or parameters) of the QP are set. The QP parameters can include QP state (qp_state), maximum transfer unit (MTU), Q_Key (q_key), QPN (qp_num), RTO / timeout, maximum sending rate / rate limit (rate_limit), etc. The setting of parameters such as RTO, maximum sending rate, etc. determines the subsequent data transmission performance. Usually, during the process of building a link between the sender and the receiver, the sender and the receiver will interact information to determine the QP parameters used in this transmission process, such as RTO, rate limit, etc.

[0111] In RDMA, if the QP parameter is set incorrectly when the QP is created, the subsequent modification process of the QP parameter is more responsible and time-consuming. Generally, after the QP is created, if the QP parameter needs to be modified, the QP state needs to be switched, and then the modification can be performed. For example, in the RDMA chain building process, after the initial QP parameter setting is completed, the state is switched from the initialized state (INIT) to the ready to receive state (RTR) and the ready to send state (RTS). If the QP parameter needs to be modified subsequently, the QP needs to be switched to the send queue drained state (SQD), in which the QP will process the current queue according to the current QP parameter first, and will not accept new tasks. After all the contents in the current queue are emptied, the modification of the QP parameter can be performed.

[0112] From the above related description, it can be known that when the QP is created, the accurate setting of the QP parameter (such as RTO, rate limit, etc.) has a greater impact on subsequent data transmission. Generally, the RDMA application is in a wired link scenario, in which scenario, the QP related parameters are usually set by the relevant technical personnel according to experience. However, in the embodiments of the present application, the RDMA technology is considered to be applied to a wireless scenario, that is, applied to the communication between a terminal device and an application server. Since the data transmission in the wireless scenario is more complex and involves the air interface, the setting of the QP related parameters in the wireless scenario is more difficult.

[0113] In the embodiments of the present application, in order to ensure the data transmission performance of RDMA in the wireless scenario, when the server and the terminal device need to perform RDMA communication, the sending end or the receiving end can request the network side to generate corresponding QP parameters. The network side can determine appropriate QP parameters in combination with the access network side information related to the current session of the terminal device (such as reordering time, retransmission times, resource configuration, etc.). In this way, the QP parameters can be more matched to the configuration of the network side, so as to improve the transmission performance of the subsequent RDMA.

[0114] In order to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the system architecture of the embodiments of the present application will be described first.

[0115] In the embodiments of the present application, part of the scenarios are described by taking the scenario of the fifth generation (5th Generation, 5G) communication network as an example, but it should be understood that the schemes in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other communication networks, such as future communication networks, and the corresponding names can also be replaced by the names of corresponding functions / devices in other communication networks.

[0116] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a 5G network provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the system architecture can include a user equipment and various network entities, which are introduced as follows. Figure 1

[0117] ​A user equipment (UE), which can also be referred to as terminal equipment, terminal, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), customer premise equipment (CPE), etc., is a device with wireless communication function, which can provide voice and / or data connectivity to users. A terminal device can be a handheld device, a notebook computer, a road side unit (RSU), a subscriber unit, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a wireless data card, a personal digital assistant (PDA) computer, a tablet computer, a tag, a wireless modem, other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, or a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a machine type communication (MTC) terminal, a wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), a vehicle-mounted device (such as a car, a bicycle, an electric vehicle, an airplane, a ship, a train, a high-speed rail, etc.), a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a smart home device (such as a refrigerator, a television, an air conditioner, an electricity meter, etc.), a smart robot, a plant device, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, or a wireless terminal in smart home, a flight device (such as a smart robot, a hot air balloon, a drone, an airplane, etc.) or other devices that can access a network. A terminal device can be fixed or mobile, and can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; can also be deployed on water (such as a ship, etc.); and can also be deployed in the air (such as an airplane, a balloon and a satellite, etc.).

[0118] A (wireless) access network (R)AN is a network composed of multiple 5G-RAN nodes for implementing radio physical layer functions, resource scheduling and radio resource management, radio access control, and mobility management functions, etc. The 5G-RAN can be connected to a user plane function (UPF) through a user plane interface N3 for transmitting data of a terminal device. The 5G-RAN can also establish a control plane signaling connection with an access and mobility management function (AMF) through a control plane interface N2 for implementing radio access bearer control, etc. It should be understood that the 5G-RAN node is also an access network device / RAN network element, which mainly provides access for terminal devices. The access network device can include a radio access network (RAN) device and an access node (AN) device. The RAN device is mainly a wireless network device in a 3GPP network, and the AN device can be an access network device defined by non-3GPP. The RAN device can include various forms of base stations, such as macro base stations, micro base stations (also referred to as small stations), relay stations, access points, balloon stations, etc. The RAN device can also be a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, a vehicle-mounted device, a transmission and reception point (TRP), a radio network controller (RNC), a home base station (e.g., a home evolved NodeB, or home NodeB, HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), an access node (AP) in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, etc.

[0119] In some deployments, an access network device (e.g., gNB) can include a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), etc. An access network device can also include a radio unit (RU). It can be appreciated that the CU can implement part of the functions of the access network device, the DU can implement part of the functions of the access network device, and the CU can be used to control the operation of one or more DUs. For example, the CU can implement the functions of the radio resource control (RRC) and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and can also implement the function of the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, the DU implements the functions of the radio link control (RLC) and the media access control (MAC) layer, and can also implement part of the physical (PHY) layer function (such as the higher physical (Higher PHY) layer) or all the physical layer function. The RU can be used to implement part of the physical layer function (such as the lower physical (Lower PHY) layer) and the radio frequency function. For specific descriptions of the above-mentioned various protocol layers, reference can be made to the relevant technical specifications of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP).

[0120] The AMF is mainly responsible for signaling processing parts, such as access control, mobility management, attachment and detachment, gateway selection and the like. In the case that the AMF network element provides services for a session in a terminal device, it will provide storage resources for the control plane of the session, and store the session identifier, the SMF network element identifier associated with the session identifier and the like.

[0121] The session management function (SMF) is mainly responsible for the control plane function of UE session management, including selection of a user plane function (UPF), Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation, user plane network element redirection, quality of service (QoS) management / control, obtaining of a policy and charging control (PCC) policy from a policy control function (PCF), establishment, modification, and release of a bearer, and the like.

[0122] The UPF is mainly responsible for forwarding and receiving user data in a terminal device, can receive user data from a data network (DN) and transmit the user data to the terminal device through an access network device, or receive user data from the terminal device through the access network device and forward the user data to the data network. The transmission resources and scheduling functions provided for the terminal device in the UPF network element can be managed and controlled by the SMF network element.

[0123] The unified data management (UDM) network element is mainly used to manage and control user data, for example, management of subscription information, including obtaining subscription information from a unified data repository (UDR) and providing the subscription information to other network elements (such as an AMF); generating third generation partnership project (3GPP) authentication credentials for a UE; and registering and maintaining network elements currently serving the UE, for example, an AMF currently serving the UE, that is, a serving AMF. The UDR is also one of the network elements in the 5G core network, and is mainly used to store user data, including subscription data called by the UDM, policy information called by the PCF, structured data for capability exposure, application data called by the network exposure function (NEF), and the like.

[0124] The authentication server function (AUSF) is used for security authentication of a UE when the UE accesses a network.

[0125] The network slice selection function (NSSF) is used to select a slice instance set for a UE, and to determine an AMF set, an allowed NSSAI, and the like for the UE.

[0126] The PCF mainly supports providing a unified policy framework to control network behavior, providing policy rules to control layer network functions (such as AMF, SMF, etc.). The PCF is also responsible for obtaining user subscription information related to policy.

[0127] The application function (AF) network element mainly interacts with the core network element to provide some services. For example, interacting with the policy and control function (PCF) to perform service policy control, interacting with the NEF to obtain some network capability information or providing some application information to the network, providing some data network access point information to the PCF to generate corresponding data service routing information.

[0128] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The architecture shown is only illustrative, Figure 1 The architecture shown can also include other devices / network elements, which are not limited by the embodiments of the present application. For example, a network data analysis function (NWDAF) can also be included. The NWDAF network element can provide data analysis functions for other network elements in the core network. The NWDAF network element can have data collection, training, analysis, and inference functions, and can be used to collect relevant data from network elements, third-party service servers, terminal devices, or network management systems, analyze and train based on the relevant data, and provide data analysis results to network elements, third-party service servers, terminal devices, or network management systems. The analysis results can assist the network in selecting service quality parameters, or assist the network in performing traffic routing, or assist the network in selecting data transmission strategies, etc. In the embodiments of the present application, the NWDAF network element can also determine the corresponding QP parameters based on the access network side information. For example, other NFs (such as SMF) in the core network can request QP parameters from the NWDAF, the NWDAF can collect data from related network elements and train an artificial intelligence (AI) model after receiving the request, then the AI model can be used to infer the QP parameters, and the determined QP parameters can be fed back to the corresponding NF.

[0129] It can be understood that the above network element or function can be realized in hardware, computer software or a combination of hardware and computer software. For example, the above network element or function can be realized by one device, or by multiple devices together, or by a functional module in one device, and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations thereon. In addition, the above "network element" can also be referred to as an entity, a device or a module, and the present application does not make specific limitations thereon. In addition, in order to facilitate description, the description of "network element" is omitted in part of the following description, for example, the SMF network element is simply referred to as SMF, and in this case, "SMF" should be understood as the SMF network element or the SMF entity, and similar understanding should be made for other network elements or functions. That is, the function, the functional network element and the functional entity can be equivalent, such as the UDM, the UDM network element and the UDM entity can be equivalent.

[0130] It should be understood that the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to communication systems of various radio access technologies (RATs), such as: a fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system, a transition system between a 5G communication system and a sixth generation (6th generation, 6G) communication system (the transition system can also be referred to as a 5.5G communication system), a network of multiple system fusion; of course, it can also be a future communication network system, such as a 6G or a seventh generation (7th generation, 7G) system, etc.

[0131] It should be noted that the system architecture, network architecture and business scenario (or application scenario) described in the embodiments of the present application are for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can know that the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems as the communication network architecture evolves and new business scenarios appear.

[0132] In order to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the overall concept of the embodiments of the present application will be described first.

[0133] As can be known from the above description, in the wireless RDMA transmission scenario, the environment of data transmission is more complex, and air interface transmission is involved. Based on this, in order to ensure the efficiency of data transmission, when the UE, the application server and the like need to perform data transmission, the network side can be requested to provide related QP parameters, and the network side can determine more appropriate QP parameters in combination with related configuration information of the access network side (such as reordering time, retransmission times configured by the RLC layer, etc.), resource configuration, service quality information and the like. That is, the core network side / access network side can be involved in the establishment of QP attributes, and the core network side / access network side can provide appropriate QP parameters. For example,Figure 2 As shown in the figure, when data transmission needs to be performed between the terminal device and the application server (such as a video server or a game server) by using RDMA, the network side can directly or indirectly provide the QP parameter (such as a rate limit, an RTO, and the like), and then the terminal device and the application server can establish a QP based on the QP parameter provided by the network side, and then the terminal device and the application server can perform data transmission based on the established QP. In the embodiment of the present application, the QP parameter can also be referred to as an RDMA parameter, and mainly includes parameters related to RDMA transmission, such as a timeout retransmission time (RTO), a rate limit, a maximum retransmission number, and the like, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0134] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the related content of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. In the embodiments of the present application, when data transmission needs to be performed based on RDMA, the terminal device, the application function network element, and the like can trigger the network side to determine the corresponding QP parameter. For the network side, the access network side can determine the QP attribute based on the access network side information, the SMF can determine the QP attribute based on the access network side information, the NWDAF can determine the QP attribute based on the access network side information, and other related network elements can determine the QP attribute based on the access network side information. For different situations, the overall process of determining the QP parameter by the network elements in cooperation with each other can also be different. Therefore, in order to facilitate understanding, the overall process of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application will be exemplarily described below, and then different embodiments will be described for different situations. Figure 3 The overall process of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application will be exemplarily described below, and then different embodiments will be described for different situations.

[0135] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a flowchart of a communication method disclosed by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in the figure, the method can include but is not limited to the following steps: Figure 3

[0136] 301. The network device determines a QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device, and the QP parameter is used for RDMA transmission of data of the terminal device.

[0137] In the wireless RDMA transmission scenario, the user plane can perform data transmission based on the RDMA protocol, such as that the terminal device and the application server (application service, AS) can perform data transmission based on the RDMA protocol. In this case, in order to guarantee the transmission performance of RDMA, the network device can determine a suitable QP parameter based on the access network side information, and the QP parameter can be used for RDMA data transmission between the terminal device and the application server.

[0138] ​Each session of the terminal device can include corresponding access network side information, and the access network side information corresponding to different sessions of the terminal device can be different or the same. Therefore, the QP parameter can be associated with the session of the terminal device, and different sessions of the terminal device can each include corresponding QP parameters. In this case, the network device can determine the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device, that is, for different sessions of the terminal device, the QP parameter corresponding to each session can be determined based on the access network side information corresponding to each session respectively. It should be understood that the session of the terminal device can be a protocol data unit (PDU) session.

[0139] In some possible implementation manners, one session of the terminal device can include one or more QoS flows, and the access network side information corresponding to different QoS flows can be different or the same. In this case, the network device determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device can include: determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the QoS flow of the session of the terminal device, and each QoS flow can include a corresponding QP parameter, which is used for RDMA transmission of data of the corresponding QoS flow.

[0140] In the embodiments of the present application, the access network side information corresponding to the session used to determine the QP parameter or the access network side information corresponding to the QoS flow can be access network side information related to data transmission. For example, the access network side information corresponding to the session / QoS flow can include one or more of a reordering time, a number of retransmissions configured by an RLC layer, a number of retransmissions configured by a MAC layer, and access network side resource information. The reordering time can be a reordering time configured by a PDCP layer or a reordering time configured by an RLC layer, for example, in 5G, the reordering time can be configured by the PDCP layer, and in 4G, the reordering time can be configured by the RLC layer. The access network side resource information corresponding to the session / QoS flow can include information of resources reserved for the session / QoS flow, such as information of reserved air interface resources. It can be understood that the reordering time, the number of retransmissions configured by the RLC layer, the number of retransmissions configured by the MAC layer, and the access network side resource information corresponding to different sessions or different QoS flows can be different. The number of retransmissions configured by the RLC layer can be understood as the maximum number of retransmissions by the RLC layer, and the number of retransmissions configured by the MAC layer can be understood as the maximum number of retransmissions by the MAC layer.

[0141] It should be noted that, in addition to the reordering time, the number of retransmissions configured by the RLC layer, the number of retransmissions configured by the MAC layer, and the resource information of the access network side, the access network side information related to data transmission can also include the RLC layer timeout retransmission time, the MAC layer timeout retransmission time, the signal quality of the terminal device, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) adopted by the terminal device, the buffer status of the access network device, the service quality that can be guaranteed by the access network device (such as the transmission rate that can be guaranteed), the historical transmission situation (such as the historical transmission situation of the access network device), and other related information, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. The signal quality of the terminal device can include the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the area where the terminal device is currently located, the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and the like.

[0142] In some possible embodiments, the access network side information corresponding to the session can be determined based on the service quality information of the session, that is, determined based on the QoS of the session, and different QoSs can correspond to different access network side information. The QoS of the session can include latency (such as upper limit of latency, lower limit of latency, etc.), bandwidth (such as upper limit of bandwidth, lower limit of bandwidth, etc.), packet loss rate, and the like, and different QoSs have different service quality requirements for data transmission. For example, the QoS of the session can include multiple levels, and different levels can correspond to different reordering times, the number of retransmissions configured by the RLC layer, the number of retransmissions configured by the MAC layer, and the like. Similarly, the access network side information corresponding to the QoS flow can also be determined based on the service quality information of the QoS flow, that is, determined based on the QoS of the QoS flow, and the QoS of the QoS flow can include latency, bandwidth, packet loss rate, and the like. In some embodiments, the QoS of the session / QoS of the QoS flow can be understood as the QoS of the service, and the QoS of different services can be different, such as the different service quality requirements of game applications, video applications, voice applications, and the like.

[0143] The network device determined QP parameters can include flow control parameters, retransmission parameters, and other parameters related to RDMA data transmission. For example, the network device determined QP parameters can include one or more of the following: a timeout retransmission time; a maximum sending rate (rate limit); a plurality of latency ranges and a sending rate corresponding to each of the plurality of latency ranges; a statistical window size of latency, which is a first time length or a first data amount or a first message number. It should be understood that the above QP parameters are only illustrative, and in some possible embodiments, more QP parameters can be included, such as a long RTO / short RTO opening threshold corresponding to the IRN algorithm, a high threshold and a low threshold corresponding to the DCQCN algorithm, a congestion window size, and the like.

[0144] In some possible implementation, the QP parameters corresponding to the session are also associated with RDMA information corresponding to the session, in which case, the network device can determine the QP parameters based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device and the RDMA information corresponding to the session. Specifically, different RDMA information can correspond to different data transmission modes, and thus different RDMA information can correspond to different QP parameters. In this case, the network device can determine which QP parameters are included based on the RDMA information corresponding to the session, and then determine the values of the relevant QP parameters based on the access network side information corresponding to the session, that is, the network device can determine the QP parameters associated with the RDMA information corresponding to the session based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device. For example, the RDMA information can include one or more of an RDMA transmission type, an RDMA protocol type, an RDMA service type, and RDMA protocol information. That is, different RDMA transmission types, and / or different RDMA protocol types, and / or different RDMA service types, and / or different RDMA protocol information (such as retransmission algorithms, flow control algorithms, etc.) can correspond to different QP parameters. The RDMA transmission type can include lossless, lossy, etc., the RDMA protocol type can include IB, iWARP, RoCE, etc., the RDMA service type can include UD, RC, UC, RD, etc., and the RDMA protocol information can include corresponding retransmission algorithms (such as GBN, IRN, etc.), congestion control / flow control algorithms (such as DCQCN, BBR, ACK reply delay-based flow control algorithms, etc.), etc. For example, assuming that the RDMA information corresponding to the session includes RDMA protocol information, if the RDMA protocol information includes a retransmission algorithm GBN, then the QP parameters corresponding to the session can include a timeout retransmission time corresponding to the GBN algorithm. If the RDMA protocol information includes a retransmission algorithm IRN, then the QP parameters corresponding to the session can include a long RTO and a short RTO corresponding to the IRN algorithm. Similarly, if the RDMA protocol information also includes a flow control algorithm DCQCN or BBR, then the QP parameters corresponding to the session can include a maximum sending rate (rate limit).

[0145] For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present application, the QP parameters "a plurality of delay ranges and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges" are introduced below. The delay range can be an ACK reply delay range, and different ACK reply delay ranges can correspond to different network transmission conditions (such as network congestion degree). Therefore, different sending rates can be configured for different ACK reply delay ranges. In this way, the sending end (such as an application server) can control the sending rate in real time according to the ACK reply delay, which is equivalent to controlling the sending rate according to the network transmission condition in real time, thereby improving the data transmission efficiency. Further, the QP parameter "a statistical window size of the delay" can be a statistical window size of the sending end for the ACK reply delay. The statistical window size is a first time length (such as 10 ms) or a first data amount (such as 10 megabytes) or a first message quantity (such as 1000 messages / packets). The sending end can count the average ACK reply delay based on the statistical window size, then determine in which delay interval the counted average ACK reply delay is located, and then adjust the sending rate to the sending rate corresponding to the delay interval. In some embodiments, the statistical window size can be set by the sending end (such as a terminal device / AS) itself. In the embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned method of adjusting the sending rate based on a plurality of ACK reply delay ranges can be referred to as an ACK reply delay-based flow control algorithm.

[0146] The following exemplary describes a manner of determining a QP parameter by a network device based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device. Since the access network side includes a data transmission mechanism (such as reordering, retransmission, etc.), when determining a relevant QP parameter, the network device needs to consider transmission configuration, resource configuration, etc. of the access network side, such as one or more of reordering time configured by the access network device corresponding to the session, retransmission number configured by the RLC layer, retransmission number configured by the MAC layer, QoS information that can be guaranteed by the access network device, etc. Exemplarily, assuming that a retransmission algorithm to be used is a GBN algorithm, in this case, the network device needs to determine a QP parameter that can include an RTO. In a possible implementation manner, the network device can determine the RTO based on reordering time configured by the access network device corresponding to the session. For example, assuming that reordering time (such as PDCP layer reordering time or RLC layer reordering time) of the access network side is T1 (such as 10 ms), the network device can determine that the RTO can be a value greater than or equal to T1, such as T1 plus an estimated link transmission time, because if the RTO is less than T1, a situation that the access network side is still performing PDCP layer reordering, but the sending end has determined that a data packet is timed out and needs to be retransmitted, can occur, which can cause more pseudo retransmission, thereby affecting data transmission efficiency. Exemplarily, assuming that a retransmission algorithm to be used is an IRN algorithm, in this case, the network device needs to determine a QP parameter that can include a long RTO, a short RTO, a start threshold of the long / short RTO, etc. In a possible implementation manner, the network device can determine the long RTO based on reordering time configured by the access network device corresponding to the session, retransmission number configured by the RLC layer, retransmission number configured by the MAC layer, QoS information that can be guaranteed by the access network device, etc. The network device can also determine the start threshold of the long RTO based on buffer area (such as buffer area size) of the access network device, historical transmission situation, etc. The network device can also determine the short RTO based on average measurement value of air interface RTT, QoS information corresponding to the session, buffer area of the access network device, historical transmission situation, etc. For example, assuming that the retransmission number of the RLC layer is 4, the reordering time is set to 20 ms, and transmission time delay of N3 and N6 is considered, the long RTO can be set to 30 ms. For a small amount of data transmission scenario, such as a case that the number of transmitted data packets is less than a first threshold, the short RTO can be used, and when the maximum retransmission number of the RLC is 4, the short RTO can be set to a time of twice RLC retransmission plus transmission time delay of N3 and N6, such as 15 ms. Exemplarily, assuming that a flow control algorithm to be used is a DCQCN algorithm, in this case, the network device needs to determine a QP parameter that can include a maximum sending rate. In a possible implementation manner, the network device can determine the maximum sending rate based on QoS information (such as air interface transmission rate that can be guaranteed) that can be guaranteed by the access network device, QoS information corresponding to the session, etc.For example, the maximum flow bitrate (MFBR) of the QoS corresponding to the session is 100 Mb / s (Mega bits per second), in which case the maximum sending rate of the QP can be set to 100 Mb / s to match the QoS corresponding to the session. For another example, assuming that the flow control algorithm to be used is the BBR algorithm, in which case the QP parameters that the network device needs to determine can also include the maximum sending rate. For example, the network device can determine the maximum sending rate based on the QoS information (such as the BDP) corresponding to the session, the QoS information (such as the guaranteed air interface RTT) that the access network device can guarantee, and the like. For example, the given BDP value in the QoS corresponding to the session is 1000 kilobits (Kb), the minimum transmission delay that the access network device can guarantee is 5 ms, and the transmission delay of N3 and N6 is 5 ms, and based on the formula BDP = bandwidth * delay, it can be determined that the maximum bandwidth is 100 Mb / s, that is, the maximum sending rate is 100 Mb / s. For another example, assuming that the QP parameters that the network device needs to determine include multiple delay ranges and the sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the multiple delay ranges. In a possible implementation, the network device can determine the multiple delay ranges and the sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the multiple delay ranges based on the QoS information corresponding to the session, the signal quality of the terminal device, the reordering time of the session configured by the access network device, the number of retransmissions configured by the RLC layer, the number of retransmissions configured by the MAC layer, historical transmission situations, and the like. For example, in the historical transmission situation, when the delay is located in 30-50 ms, there is almost no retransmission, indicating that the network transmission environment is better at this time, and there is no congestion, and therefore, it can be set to send at a larger sending rate when the delay is located in 30-50 ms, such as sending according to the agreed maximum sending rate. While in the historical transmission situation, when the delay is located in 50-100 ms, there is a small amount of retransmission, indicating that the network transmission environment is getting worse at this time, and there is a certain degree of congestion, and therefore, it can be set to send at a smaller sending rate when the delay is located in 50-100 ms, such as sending according to 0.5 times of the agreed maximum sending rate, to avoid packet loss and aggravate the degree of network congestion. While in the historical transmission situation, when the delay is greater than 100 ms, there is a large amount of retransmission, indicating that the network transmission environment is even worse at this time, and there is a more serious congestion, and therefore, it can be set to send at a smaller sending rate when the delay is greater than 100 ms, such as sending according to 0.3 times of the agreed maximum sending rate, to avoid packet loss and aggravate the degree of network congestion.

[0147] It should be noted that the above examples of several ways of determining the relevant QP parameters are only exemplary and do not limit the embodiments of the present application. In specific implementation, a more appropriate QP parameter can be calculated based on the access network side information through various different algorithms or formulas. Alternatively, in some cases, a parameter table can be configured, which includes the correspondence between different access network side information and QP parameters.

[0148] In the embodiments of the present application, the network device can be triggered by the terminal device or the application function network element to determine the QP parameter. For example, the terminal device or the application function network element can send third indication information and / or RDMA information corresponding to the session to the session management network element, the third indication information can be used to indicate that the communication is performed in the RDMA mode, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can be used to determine the QP parameter. In some embodiments, the RDMA information corresponding to the session can also implicitly indicate that the communication is performed in the RDMA mode. Correspondingly, the session management network element can receive the third indication information and / or the RDMA information corresponding to the session from the terminal device or the application function network element, and can determine that the terminal device needs to perform data transmission in the RDMA mode based on the third indication information and / or the RDMA information corresponding to the session. Then, the session management network element can determine the QP parameter corresponding to the session or can trigger other network elements (such as RAN, NWDAF) to determine the QP parameter corresponding to the session. In some possible implementation manners, the third indication information and / or the RDMA information corresponding to the session can be carried in a session creation request message (PDU session establishment request message) or an application function request (AF request) message.

[0149] It can be understood that the above network device can be an access network device or a core network device, such as an SMF network element or a NWDAF network element, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. In the case of different network devices, the related interaction process can be different.

[0150] When the above network device is an access network device or a data analysis network element, that is, the QP parameter is generated by the access network device or the data analysis network element, the session management network element can send first indication information to the access network device or the data analysis network element, and the first indication information can be used to indicate that the QP parameter is determined. Correspondingly, the access network device or the data analysis network element can receive the first indication information from the session management network element, and then determine the relevant QP parameter based on the access network side information.

[0151] In some possible implementation, the session management network element can further send the RDMA information corresponding to the session and / or the quality of service information corresponding to the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element. Correspondingly, the access network device or the data analysis network element can receive the RDMA information corresponding to the session and / or the quality of service information corresponding to the session from the session management network element. For example, after receiving the related message (such as the third indication information and / or the RDMA information corresponding to the session) from the terminal device or the application function network element, the session management network element can send the first indication information, the RDMA information corresponding to the session, the quality of service information corresponding to the session, and the like to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0152] When the network device is the data analysis network element or the session management network element, that is, the QP parameter is determined by the data analysis network element or the session management network element, before the data analysis network element or the session management network element determines the QP parameter, the data analysis network element or the session management network element can send the second indication information to the access network device, and the second indication information can be used to indicate to provide the access network side information corresponding to the session. Correspondingly, the access network device can receive the second indication information from the data analysis network element or the session management network element, and then can send the access network side information corresponding to the session to the data analysis network element or the session management network element based on the second indication information.

[0153] 302. The network device sends the QP parameter.

[0154] After the network device determines the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device, the network device can send the QP parameter to the terminal device (UE) and / or the application function network element (AF). Correspondingly, the terminal device (UE) and / or the application function network element (AF) can receive the QP parameter from the network device, and the QP parameter is determined based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device.

[0155] In different cases, such as the network device being an access network device, an SMF network element, an NWDAF network element, etc., the process of sending the QP parameter to the terminal device (UE) and / or the application function network element (AF) can be different. For example, when the network device is an access network device, for the terminal device, the access network device can directly send the QP parameter to the terminal device after determining the QP parameter, or the access network device can send the QP parameter to the SMF network element, and then the SMF network element can send the QP parameter to the terminal device. For the application function network element, the access network device can send the QP parameter to the SMF network element after determining the QP parameter, and then the SMF network element can send the QP parameter to the application function network element, such as the SMF network element sending the QP parameter to the application function network element through the NEF network element. For another example, when the network device is an SMF network element, for the terminal device, the SMF network element can send the QP parameter to the terminal device after determining the QP parameter. For the application function network element, the SMF network element can send the QP parameter to the application function network element after determining the QP parameter, such as the SMF network element sending the QP parameter to the application function network element through the NEF network element. For another example, when the network device is an NWDAF network element, for the terminal device, the NWDAF network element can send the QP parameter to the SMF after determining the QP parameter, and then the SMF network element can send the QP parameter to the terminal device. For the application function network element, the NWDAF network element can send the QP parameter to the SMF network element after determining the QP parameter, and then the SMF network element can send the QP parameter to the application function network element, such as the SMF network element sending the QP parameter to the application function network element through the NEF network element.

[0156] It can be understood that the above-mentioned manner of sending the QP parameter is only an example and does not constitute a limitation. For example, in specific implementation, sending the QP parameter to the terminal device also involves network elements such as AMF, such as the need for the AMF to transparently transmit the QP parameter to the access network device, and then the access network device sends the QP parameter to the terminal device.

[0157] 303. The terminal device and / or the application server perform RDMA data transmission based on the QP parameter.

[0158] After the terminal device (UE) and / or the application server (AS) receives the QP parameter from the network device, the terminal device (UE) and / or the application server (AS) can perform RDMA data transmission, such as downlink data transmission, based on the QP parameter. For example, in the process of establishing an RDMA connection, the terminal device (UE) / application server (AS) can send the QP parameter, such as the terminal device sending the QP parameter to the application server, or the application server sending the QP parameter to the terminal device.

[0159] In some possible implementation manners, after the terminal device obtains the QP parameter, the terminal device can create a QP based on the QP parameter, and then perform data transmission based on the created QP. The application server is similar.

[0160] For example, it is assumed that the QP parameter includes a plurality of delay ranges, and each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges corresponds to a sending rate. In this case, when the application server sends data to the terminal device, the application server can statistically determine the ACK reply delay in real time based on a statistical window, and then adjust the sending rate based on the statistical ACK reply delay. For a lost data packet, the ACK reply delay can be determined according to a time out. It should be noted that in this flow control manner, the sending end can adjust the packet sending speed based on the real-time ACK reply delay, and therefore can adapt to the real-time changes / real-time situation of the air interface more quickly.

[0161] It can be understood that the RDMA transmission can be for the terminal side, that is, for the terminal device, the application server, and the like. For data transmission between the terminal device and the access network device, and data transmission between the access network device and the UPF, embodiments of the present application do not limit this. For example, when a session is created, a data radio bearer (DRB) can be established between the terminal device and the access network device, and a GTP-U (GPRS tunneling protocol-user plane) tunnel can be established between the access network device and the user plane network element (UPF).

[0162] In the above processing flow, in the wireless RDMA link establishment process, the network device can determine the corresponding QP parameter based on the access network side information, which can ensure that the determined QP parameter is more accurate, such as more matching the transmission configuration of the access network side, more adaptive to the transmission environment of the current access network side, and the like, thereby improving the performance of the RDMA data transmission and ensuring the normal operation of the wireless RDMA service. In addition, since the resource situation of the access network side can be considered when determining the QP parameter, the resources (such as air interface resources) of the access network side can be more fully utilized to meet the service transmission demand, and the resource utilization efficiency can be improved.

[0163] The above processing flow based on the RDMA transmission is described above. Figure 3 The overall scheme of the embodiments of the present application is introduced, but since the main body of determining the QP parameter is different, the overall interaction flow is also different, therefore, the following embodiments one to three respectively introduce the cases of determining the QP parameter by the access network device, the SMF network element, and the NWDAF network element.

[0164]

Embodiment one

[0165] Embodiment one is a related processing flow of the access network device determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information. In embodiment one, in the session establishment, session modification and the like process, the access network device can be triggered to determine the QP parameter, and then the access network device can return the determined QP parameter to the terminal device and / or the AF, so that the terminal device and / or the AS can perform data transmission based on the QP parameter. Specifically, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a flowchart of another communication method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 4 , the method can include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0166] 401. The terminal device sends a session creation request message / session modification request message to the SMF, including third indication information and RDMA information corresponding to the session, the third indication information being used to indicate that the RDMA mode is used for communication.

[0167] In the embodiments of the present application, the terminal device and the application server can use the RDMA mode for data transmission. For example, the terminal device can carry the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session in the session creation request message / session modification request message when creating / modifying the session. The third indication information can be used to indicate that the RDMA mode is used for communication, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can include the RDMA transmission type, the RDMA protocol type, the RDMA service type, the retransmission algorithm, the flow control algorithm and the like that need to be used. The RDMA information corresponding to the session is associated with the QP parameter, and the QP parameter corresponding to different RDMA information can be different. The RDMA information corresponding to the session can be used to determine the QP parameter subsequently. It should be understood that in some possible implementation manners, the third indication information can not be carried in the session creation request message / session modification request message, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can implicitly indicate that the RDMA mode is used for communication, or the third indication information can be the RDMA information corresponding to the session.

[0168] It should be noted that in some cases, the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can also not be carried in the session modification request message. For example, when the session is initially created, if the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session are carried in the session creation request message, the SMF can save the relevant information, such as saving the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session in the context of the session. Thereafter, when the session is modified, if the RDMA information does not need to be modified (e.g., the new RDMA information is not included in the session modification request message), the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can not be carried in the session modification request message. However, in this case, if the new quality of service information (e.g., requested QoS) is included in the session modification request message, the network side can be triggered to determine the new QP parameter based on the new quality of service information.

[0169] It can be understood that the terminal device can send the session creation request message / session modification request message to the SMF through the access network device and the AMF.

[0170] In some possible implementation manners, the application function request (AFrequest) can also be sent by the AF to the SMF to trigger the SMF to instruct the access network device to determine the QP parameter. For example, the AF can send the application function request to the SMF, and the application function request can include the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session. It should be understood that in some cases, the AF can send the application function request to the SMF through the NEF.

[0171] 402. The SMF obtains the subscription information of the user.

[0172] After the SMF receives the session creation request message / session modification request message from the terminal device, the SMF can determine that the terminal device needs to perform data transmission in the RDMA mode subsequently based on the third indication information in the session creation request message / session modification request message. The SMF can obtain the subscription data of the terminal device, such as querying the PDU session type subscribed by the terminal device and the supported RDMA protocol type.

[0173] 403. The SMF obtains the SM policy information.

[0174] The SMF can obtain the SM policy information related to the session from the PCF, so as to perform related processing based on the SM policy information.

[0175] It can be understood that steps 402 and 403 are optional.

[0176] 404. The SMF sends the first indication information, the quality of service information corresponding to the session, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device, and the first indication information is used to instruct the determination of the QP parameter.

[0177] After determining that the terminal device needs to use the RDMA mode for subsequent communication, the SMF can trigger the access network device to generate the related QP parameters. For example, the SMF can send first indication information, service quality information corresponding to the session, and RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device. The first indication information can be used to indicate the determination of the QP parameters, that is, to instruct the access network device to determine the QP parameters. The service quality information corresponding to the session and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can be used to determine the QP parameters. The service quality information corresponding to the session can be the service quality information of the related service, such as the service quality information of a voice service or the service quality information of a game service. It should be noted that, in addition to the service quality information corresponding to the session and the RDMA information corresponding to the session, the SMF can also send other information used to determine the QP parameters to the access network device, such as service-related information.

[0178] In a possible implementation, the first indication information, the service quality information corresponding to the session, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can be carried in the same message, which can be used to request the access network device to determine the QP parameters.

[0179] It can be understood that the SMF can send the first indication information, the service quality information corresponding to the session, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device through the AMF, such as by transparent transmission through the AMF.

[0180] 405. The access network device determines the QP parameters based on the access network side information corresponding to the session and the RDMA information corresponding to the session, and the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on the service quality information corresponding to the session.

[0181] The manner of determining the QP parameters in step 405 is similar to the manner of determining the QP parameters in step 301, and reference can be made to the related description in step 301, which will not be repeated here.

[0182] It should be noted that, after determining the QP parameters, the access network device can return the QP parameters to the terminal device in two ways. The first way can be seen in steps 406a and 407a, and the second way can be seen in steps 406b and 407b.

[0183] 406a. The access network device sends fourth indication information to the SMF, and the fourth indication information is used to indicate the successful determination of the QP parameters.

[0184] In the case of the first mode, after determining the QP parameter, the access network device can send fourth indication information to the SMF, where the fourth indication information can be used to indicate that the QP parameter has been successfully determined, or can be used to indicate that the QP parameter has been successfully determined and sent to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the SMF can receive the fourth indication information from the access network device, and can know that the access network device has successfully generated the QP parameter based on the fourth indication information.

[0185] In some possible implementation manners, after determining the QP parameter, the access network device can send a response message to the SMF, where the response message can include the fourth indication information.

[0186] It can be understood that the access network device can send the fourth indication information to the SMF through the AMF, such as being transparently transmitted through the AMF.

[0187] 407a. The access network device sends the QP parameter to the terminal device.

[0188] In the case of the first mode, after determining the QP parameter, the access network device can also send the QP parameter to the terminal device. In some possible implementation manners, after determining the QP parameter, the access network device can also send the QP parameter to the AF / AS.

[0189] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the execution order between the above steps 406a and 407a, and the step 406a can be executed first, or the step 407a can be executed first, or the step 406a and the step 407a can be executed simultaneously.

[0190] It should be understood that the response message of the step 406a or 406b can correspond to the request message of the step 404.

[0191] 406b. The access network device sends the QP parameter to the SMF.

[0192] In the case of the second mode, after determining the QP parameter, the access network device can send the QP parameter to the SMF. In some possible implementation manners, after determining the QP parameter, the access network device can send a response message to the SMF, where the response message can include the QP parameter determined by the access network device.

[0193] It can be understood that the access network device can send the QP parameter to the SMF through the AMF, such as being transparently transmitted through the AMF.

[0194] 407b. The SMF sends the QP parameter to the terminal device.

[0195] After receiving the QP parameter determined by the access network device, the SMF can send the QP parameter to the terminal device. In some possible implementation, after receiving the QP parameter determined by the access network device, the SMF can also send the QP parameter to the AF / AS.

[0196] It can be understood that the SMF can send the QP parameter to the terminal device through the AMF and the access network device.

[0197] 408. The terminal device interacts with the AS RDMA link establishment information to establish an RDMA link, and the RDMA link establishment information includes the QP parameter.

[0198] After the terminal device or the AS obtains the QP parameter determined by the access network device, the terminal device and the AS can interact with the RDMA link establishment information to establish an RDMA link. The RDMA link establishment information can include the QP parameter determined by the access network device. For example, after receiving the QP parameter, the terminal device can synchronize the QP parameter to the AS, and then the terminal device and the AS can establish an RDMA link based on the QP parameter. For another example, after obtaining the QP parameter, the AS can synchronize the QP parameter to the terminal device, and then the terminal device and the AS can also establish an RDMA link based on the QP parameter. Alternatively, in some cases, the terminal device and the AS can both obtain the QP parameter determined by the access network device, and in this case, the terminal device and the AS can establish an RDMA link after interacting with other related RDMA link establishment information (such as port information). It should be understood that the RDMA link can also be referred to as an RDMA connection.

[0199] After the terminal device and the AS establish the RDMA link, the terminal device and the AS can transmit uplink data and / or downlink data in the RDMA mode. When transmitting the uplink data and / or the downlink data, the QP parameter determined by the access network device can be used for flow control, data retransmission, and the like.

[0200]

Embodiment Two

[0201] Embodiment Two is a related processing flow of the SMF determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information. In Embodiment Two, during the session establishment, session modification, and the like, the SMF can be triggered to determine the QP parameter, and then the SMF can return the determined QP parameter to the terminal device and / or the AF, so that the terminal device and / or the AS can perform data transmission based on the QP parameter. Specifically, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a flow diagram of another communication method disclosed by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 5 , the method can include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0202] 501. The terminal device sends a session creation request message / session modification request message to the SMF, including third indication information and RDMA information corresponding to the session, the third indication information being used to indicate that the communication is performed in the RDMA manner.

[0203] In some possible implementation manners, the application function request (AF request) can also be sent by the AF to the SMF, triggering the SMF to determine the QP parameter. For example, the AF can send the application function request to the SMF, and the application function request can include the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session.

[0204] 502. The SMF acquires subscription information of the user.

[0205] 503. The SMF acquires SM policy information.

[0206] It can be understood that the step 502 and the step 503 are optional.

[0207] 504. The SMF sends second indication information and quality of service information corresponding to the session to the access network device, the second indication information being used to indicate that the access network side information corresponding to the session is provided.

[0208] After the SMF determines that the terminal device needs to perform the communication in the RDMA manner subsequently, the SMF can acquire the access network side information corresponding to the session from the access network device, so as to determine the QP parameter. For example, the SMF can send the second indication information and the quality of service information corresponding to the session to the access network device, the second indication information being used to indicate that the access network side information corresponding to the session is provided, that is, the access network device is instructed to open the related access network side information. It should be noted that, in addition to the second indication information and the quality of service information corresponding to the session, the SMF can also send the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device, so as to provide the access network side information required for determining the QP parameter.

[0209] In a possible implementation manner, the second indication information and the quality of service information corresponding to the session can be carried in the same message, and the message can be used to request the access network device to provide or open the access network side information for determining the QP parameter.

[0210] It can be understood that the SMF can send the second indication information and the quality of service information corresponding to the session to the access network device through the AMF, for example, by the AMF transparent transmission.

[0211] 505. The access network device sends the access network side information corresponding to the session to the SMF.

[0212] After receiving the second indication information from the SMF, the access network device can provide / open relevant access network side information to the SMF based on the second indication information. For example, in some cases, the access network device can determine the access network side information corresponding to part of the session based on the quality of service information corresponding to the session, such as the MAC layer retransmission number, the RLC layer retransmission number, the reordering time configured for the corresponding session based on the quality of service information corresponding to the session, and the like. Of course, the access network side information can also include the signal quality of the terminal device, the resources reserved for the terminal device, the buffer status of the access network side, and the like.

[0213] In some possible embodiments, after receiving the quality of service information corresponding to the session, the access network device can also establish a data radio bearer (DRB) or the like to facilitate subsequent data transmission.

[0214] 506. The SMF determines the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session and the RDMA information corresponding to the session.

[0215] The manner of determining the QP parameter in step 506 is similar to the manner of determining the QP parameter in step 301 described above, and reference can be made to the related description in step 301 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0216] 507. The SMF sends the determined QP parameter to the terminal device.

[0217] After determining the QP parameter, the SMF can send the QP parameter to the terminal device. In some possible embodiments, the SMF can also send the QP parameter to the AF / AS.

[0218] It can be understood that the SMF can send the QP parameter to the terminal device through the AMF and the access network device.

[0219] 508. The terminal device interacts with the AS to establish an RDMA link, and the RDMA link information includes the QP parameter.

[0220]

Embodiment Three

[0221] Embodiment Three is a related processing flow of determining the QP parameter based on the access network side information by the NWDAF. In Embodiment Three, during the session establishment, session modification, and the like, the SMF can trigger the NWDAF to determine the QP parameter, and then the NWDAF can return the determined QP parameter to the SMF, and the SMF can send it to the terminal device and / or the AF, so that the terminal device and / or the AS can perform data transmission based on the QP parameter. Specifically, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a flowchart of another communication method disclosed by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 6As shown, the method can include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0222] 601. The terminal device sends a session creation request message / session modification request message to the SMF, including third indication information and RDMA information corresponding to the session, the third indication information being used to indicate that the communication is performed in the RDMA manner.

[0223] In some possible implementation manners, the application function request (AF request) can also be sent by the AF to the SMF, triggering the SMF to instruct the NWDAF to determine the QP parameter. For example, the AF can send an application function request to the SMF, and the application function request can include the third indication information and the RDMA information corresponding to the session.

[0224] 602. The SMF obtains the subscription information of the user.

[0225] 603. The SMF obtains the SM policy information.

[0226] It can be understood that the step 602 and the step 603 are optional.

[0227] 604. The SMF sends first indication information, quality of service information corresponding to the session, and RDMA information corresponding to the session to the NWDAF, the first indication information being used to instruct to determine the QP parameter.

[0228] In the embodiment of the application, the NWDAF can provide a service of determining the QP parameter, and other network elements (such as the SMF) can access the service of determining the QP parameter provided by the NWDAF.

[0229] After the SMF determines that the terminal device needs to communicate in the RDMA manner in the future based on the third indication information, the NWDAF can be triggered to generate the related QP parameter. For example, the SMF can send the first indication information, the quality of service information corresponding to the session, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the NWDAF, and the first indication information can be used to instruct to determine the QP parameter, that is, instruct the NWDAF to determine the QP parameter.

[0230] In a possible implementation manner, the first indication information, the quality of service information corresponding to the session, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session can be carried in the same message, and the message can be used to request the NWDAF to determine the QP parameter.

[0231] 605. The NWDAF sends second indication information and quality of service information corresponding to the session to the access network device, the second indication information being used to instruct to provide access network side information corresponding to the session.

[0232] After receiving the first indication information, the NWDAF can determine that the QP parameter needs to be provided for the SMF. Then, the NWDAF can obtain the access network side information corresponding to the session from the access network device, so as to determine the QP parameter. For example, the NWDAF can send second indication information and service quality information corresponding to the session to the access network device, the second indication information being used to indicate that the access network side information corresponding to the session is provided. It should be noted that, in addition to the second indication information and the service quality information corresponding to the session, the NWDAF can also send RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device, so as to provide the access network side information required for determining the QP parameter.

[0233] In a possible implementation, the second indication information and the service quality information corresponding to the session can be carried in the same message, which can be used to request the access network device to provide or open the access network side information for determining the QP parameter.

[0234] It can be understood that the NWDAF can send the second indication information and the service quality information corresponding to the session to the access network device through the AMF, such as through the AMF transparent transmission.

[0235] 606. The access network device sends the access network side information corresponding to the session to the NWDAF.

[0236] After receiving the second indication information from the NWDAF, the access network device can provide / open the related access network side information to the NWDAF based on the second indication information.

[0237] 607. The NWDAF determines the QP parameter based on the access network side information corresponding to the session and the RDMA information corresponding to the session.

[0238] The manner of determining the QP parameter in step 607 is similar to the manner of determining the QP parameter in step 301, and reference can be made to the related description in step 301, which will not be repeated here.

[0239] 608. The NWDAF sends the determined QP parameter to the terminal device.

[0240] For example, after determining the QP parameter, the NWDAF can return the QP parameter to the SMF. After receiving the QP parameter returned by the NWDAF, the SMF can send the QP parameter to the terminal device. In some possible implementations, the NWDAF can also send the QP parameter to the AF / AS.

[0241] 609. The terminal device interacts with the AS to establish an RDMA link by using RDMA link establishment information, the RDMA link establishment information including the QP parameter.

[0242] It should be noted that the related information (i.e., the same information or similar information) and the related description in the different embodiments described above can be mutually referred to.

[0243] The above mainly introduces the communication method provided by the embodiments of the application. It can be understood that the terminal device, SMF, NWDAF, access network device, AF and the like described above can contain the hardware structure and / or software module corresponding to the execution of each function in order to realize the corresponding functions described above. The units and steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software to drive hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the embodiments of the application.

[0244] The embodiments of the application can divide the functional modules of the terminal device, SMF, NWDAF, access network device, AF and the like according to the above method examples, for example, each functional module can be divided according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated in one module. The integrated module can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. It should be noted that the division of the modules by the embodiments of the application is illustrative, and is only a logical functional division. There can be another division method when actually implemented.

[0245] In the case of dividing each functional module according to each function, Figure 7 A possible structural schematic diagram of the communication apparatus 700 is shown. The communication apparatus 700 includes a processing unit 701 and a sending unit 702, and the communication apparatus 700 can also include a receiving unit 703. In a possible design, the communication apparatus 700 can be the network device described above, or can be a chip in the network device, or can be a processing system, chip system, circuit or functional module in the network device, etc. Wherein:

[0246] The processing unit 701 is configured to determine a queue pair (QP) parameter based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, the QP parameter being used for remote direct memory access (RDMA) transmission of data of the terminal device.

[0247] The sending unit 702 is configured to send the QP parameter.

[0248] In a possible implementation, the processing unit 701 is specifically configured to: determine a QP parameter based on access network side information corresponding to a session of the terminal device and RDMA information corresponding to the session; and the RDMA information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: an RDMA transmission type, an RDMA protocol type, an RDMA service type, and RDMA protocol information.

[0249] In a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: a reordering time, a number of retransmissions configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a number of retransmissions configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0250] In a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on quality of service (QoS) information of the session.

[0251] In a possible implementation, the QP parameter includes one or more of the following: a timeout retransmission time, a maximum sending rate, a plurality of delay ranges and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges, and a statistical window size of a delay, the statistical window size being a first time length, a first data amount, or a first number of messages.

[0252] In a possible implementation, the sending unit 702 is specifically configured to: send the QP parameter to the terminal device and / or an application function network element.

[0253] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus is an access network device or a data analysis network element, and the communication further includes: a receiving unit 703 configured to receive first indication information from a session management network element, the first indication information being used to indicate determination of the QP parameter.

[0254] In a possible implementation, the receiving unit 703 is further configured to receive, from the session management network element, RDMA information corresponding to the session, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0255] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus is a data analysis network element or a session management network element, and the sending unit is further configured to send, to an access network device, second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate provision of access network side information corresponding to the session; and the receiving unit 703 is further configured to receive, from the access network device, the access network side information corresponding to the session.

[0256] In a possible implementation, the receiving unit 703 is further configured to receive, from a terminal device or an application function network element, third indication information and / or RDMA information corresponding to the session, the third indication information being used to indicate communication in an RDMA manner.

[0257] The specific operations of each unit in the communication device 700 can refer to the corresponding description of the network device in the above method embodiments or other related descriptions, such as Figure 3 The specific operations of each unit in the communication device 700 can refer to the corresponding description of the network device in the above method embodiments or other related descriptions, such as

[0258] Figure 8 A possible structural diagram of a communication device 800 is shown. The communication device 800 includes a receiving unit 801 and a sending unit 802. In a possible design, the communication device 800 can be the terminal device / AF described above, or can be a chip in the terminal device / AF, or can be a processing system, chip system, circuit or functional module, etc. in the terminal device / AF. Wherein:

[0259] The receiving unit 801 is configured to receive a queue pair (QP) parameter, the QP parameter being determined based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, and the QP parameter being used for remote direct memory access (RDMA) transmission of data of the terminal device.

[0260] The sending unit 802 is configured to send the QP parameter in a process of establishing an RDMA connection.

[0261] In a possible implementation, the sending unit 802 is further configured to send third indication information to a session management network element, the third indication information being used to indicate that communication is performed in an RDMA manner.

[0262] In a possible implementation, the sending unit 802 is further configured to send RDMA information corresponding to the session to the session management network element, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0263] In a possible implementation, the sending unit 802 is further configured to send quality of service (QoS) information of the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0264] In a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: reordering time, retransmission number configured in a radio link control (RLC) layer, retransmission number configured in a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0265] In a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on QoS information of the session.

[0266] In a possible implementation, the QP parameter includes one or more of the following: timeout retransmission time; maximum sending rate; a plurality of delay range and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay range; and statistical window size of delay, the statistical window size being a first time length or a first data amount or a first message number.

[0267] The specific operations of each unit in the communication apparatus 800 can be referred to the descriptions of the terminal device / AF in the above method embodiments, and details are not described herein. Figure 3 The specific operations of each unit in the communication apparatus 800 can be referred to the descriptions of the terminal device / AF in the above method embodiments, and details are not described herein.

[0268] In another possible design, the communication apparatus 800 can be the SMF, or can be a chip in the SMF, or can be a processing system, a chip system, a circuit or a functional module in the SMF, etc. Wherein:

[0269] The receiving unit 801 is configured to receive third indication information from a terminal device or an application function network element, the third indication information being used to indicate that a remote data direct access (RDMA) mode is used for communication.

[0270] The sending unit 802 is configured to send first indication information to an access network device or a data analysis network element, the first indication information being used to indicate that a queue pair (QP) parameter is determined, the QP parameter being determined based on access network side information corresponding to a session of a terminal device, and the QP parameter being used for RDMA transmission of data of the terminal device.

[0271] In a possible implementation, the receiving unit 801 is further configured to receive RDMA information corresponding to the session from the terminal device or the application function network element, the RDMA information corresponding to the session being used to determine the QP parameter.

[0272] In a possible implementation, the sending unit 802 is further configured to send the RDMA information corresponding to the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0273] In a possible implementation, the sending unit 802 is further configured to send quality of service (QoS) information of the session to the access network device or the data analysis network element.

[0274] In a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: a reordering time, a number of retransmissions configured by a radio link control (RLC) layer, a number of retransmissions configured by a medium access control (MAC) layer, and access network side resource information.

[0275] In a possible implementation, the access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on QoS information of the session.

[0276] In a possible implementation, the QP parameter includes one or more of the following: a timeout retransmission time, a maximum sending rate, a plurality of delay ranges and a sending rate corresponding to each delay range in the plurality of delay ranges, and a statistical window size of a delay, the statistical window size being a first time length, a first data amount or a first number of messages.

[0277] The specific operations of each unit in the communication apparatus 800 described above can refer to the descriptions of the SMF in the method embodiments described above, such as the descriptions of the SMF in the method embodiments described in the following Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 . Details are not described herein again.

[0278] In a possible implementation, in the communication apparatus 700 and the communication apparatus 800 described above, the sending unit can be a transmitter, and the receiving unit can be a receiver. The sending unit and the receiving unit can be integrated into one device, for example, a transceiver. In an example, the communication apparatus 700 and the communication apparatus 800 described above can further include a processing unit, which can be one or more processors / logic circuits. In the process of executing the method described above, the process of sending information (for example, sending the first indication information) in the method described above can be understood as the process of outputting the information described above by the processor. When the information described above is output, the processor can output the information described above to the transceiver, so that the transceiver transmits. After the information described above is output by the processor, the information described above can need to be processed further, and then reach the transceiver. Similarly, the process of receiving information (for example, receiving the first indication information) in the method described above can be understood as the process of receiving the information described above by the processor. When the processor receives the information, the transceiver receives the information described above and inputs the information to the processor. Further, after the transceiver receives the information described above, the information described above can need to be processed further, and then input to the processor. In the embodiments of the present application, the processor and the transceiver can be coupled, and the connection mode of the processor and the transceiver is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0279] In another possible implementation, in the communication apparatus 700 and the communication apparatus 800 described above, the sending unit can be an output interface, and the receiving unit can be an input interface. The sending unit and the receiving unit can be integrated into one unit, for example, an input and output interface, or a communication interface, or an interface circuit, or an interface, and the like.

[0280] Figure 9 FIG. 9 shows a possible hardware structure schematic diagram of the communication apparatus 900 provided by the embodiments of the present application. The communication apparatus 900 can include a communication interface 904 and at least one processor 902. Optionally, a bus 903 can be further included. Further optionally, at least one memory 901 can be further included, wherein the memory 901, the processor 902 and the communication interface 904 can be connected through the bus 903.

[0281] The memory 901 is configured to provide a storage space, in which data such as an operating system and a computer program can be stored. The memory 901 can be one or a combination of a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), and the like.

[0282] The processor 902 is a module configured to perform arithmetic operations and / or logical operations, and can be one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a micro processing unit (MPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and the like.

[0283] The communication interface 904 is configured to receive data transmitted from an external device and / or transmit data to an external device, and can include a wired link interface such as an Ethernet cable, and can also include a wireless link (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, general wireless transmission, and the like) interface. Optionally, the communication interface 904 can further include a transmitter (such as a radio frequency transmitter, an antenna, and the like) coupled to the interface, or a receiver, and the like.

[0284] In one design, the communication apparatus 900 can be configured to perform the functions of the network device in the foregoing embodiments. For details, refer to the related description in the foregoing Figure 3 , which will not be described in detail here.

[0285] In another design, the communication apparatus 900 can be configured to perform the functions of the terminal device / AF in the foregoing embodiments. For details, refer to the related description in the foregoing Figure 3 , which will not be described in detail here.

[0286] In yet another design, the communication apparatus 900 can be configured to perform the functions of the SMF in the foregoing embodiments. For details, refer to the related description in the foregoing Figure 3 , Figure 4 , andFigure 6 The related description in the foregoing embodiments of the method is referred to, and details are not described herein.

[0287] In a possible design, the memory 901 can store instructions, which can be a computer program. The computer program can run on the processor 902, and can make the communication apparatus 900 perform operations of the network device, or operations of the terminal device / AF, or operations of the SMF, in any of the method embodiments. Details can be referred to the related description in the foregoing embodiments of the method. Figures 3-6 The related description in the foregoing embodiments of the method is referred to, and details are not described herein.

[0288] It should be noted that, Figure 9 The communication apparatus 900 shown in the figure is merely an implementation manner of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication apparatus 900 can further include more or fewer components in actual application, which is not limited herein.

[0289] It should be understood that the sending in the embodiments of the present application can be direct sending or indirect sending. The direct sending means that one device or module directly sends information / data to a corresponding device or module, and the indirect sending means that one device or module sends information / data to a corresponding device or module through other devices or modules.

[0290] It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Referring to "an embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive of one another. As used in this application, the term "exemplary" is intended to present one or more examples only, and is not intended to convey an indication of a preferred or important embodiment. As used in this application, the terms "identical" or "exactly identical" are intended to mean that the two sequences are identical in every position. As used in this application, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used to distinguish different objects, not necessarily in order of importance. Furthermore, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having" and their variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements, but can include additional steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. It is further understood that with respect to the architecture of a system or apparatus having multiple devices or modules, if one device or module generates an information and another device or module utilizes the information, the manner in which the other device obtains the information can be varied, such as, for example, the device or module that generates the information can send the information directly to the device or module that utilizes the information (direct sending), or the device or module that generates the information can send the information to the device or module that utilizes the information through other devices or modules (indirect sending).

[0291] It is understood that only some of the components of the application are shown in the drawings and not all of the components are shown. It is to be understood that some of the example embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow diagrams. Although the processes are described in a particular sequential order, many of the processes can be performed concurrently, in parallel, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the processes can be re-arranged. The processes can be terminated when their operations are completed, but the processes can also end in response to events that are external to the processes. The processes can correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, subprograms, etc.

[0292] The terms “component,” “module,” “system,” “unit,” etc., used in this specification are used to refer to computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a unit can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, a thread of execution, a program, and / or distributed between two or more computers. Furthermore, these units can be executed from various computer-readable media on which various data structures are stored. For example, a unit can communicate via local and / or remote processes based on signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from a second unit interacting with another unit between a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network; for example, the Internet interacting with other systems via signals).

[0293] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solution of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The queue pair QP parameter is determined based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device. The QP parameter is used for remote direct data acquisition (RDMA) transmission of the data of the terminal device. Send the QP parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of QP parameters based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device includes: QP parameters are determined based on the access network side information and RDMA information corresponding to the session of the terminal device. The RDMA information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: RDMA transmission type, RDMA protocol type, RDMA service type, and RDMA protocol information.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The access network-side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: reordering time, retransmission count configured by the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, retransmission count configured by the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and access network-side resource information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on the service quality information of the session.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The QP parameters include one or more of the following: Timeout retransmission time; Maximum transmission rate; Multiple delay ranges, and the transmission rate corresponding to each delay range; The statistical window size for latency, wherein the statistical window size is a first duration, a first data volume, or a first number of messages.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Sending the QP parameters includes: The QP parameters are sent to the terminal device and / or application function network element.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method is executed by an access network device or a data analysis network element, and the method further includes: Receive first indication information from the session management network element, the first indication information being used to indicate the determination of QP parameters.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The RDMA information corresponding to the session is received from the session management network element, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session is used to determine the QP parameters.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method is executed by a data analysis network element or a session management network element, and the method further includes: Send a second indication message to the access network device, the second indication message being used to request access network side information corresponding to the session; Receive access network side information corresponding to the session from the access network device.

10. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: The QP parameter is received in the queue. The QP parameter is determined based on the access network side information corresponding to the session of the terminal device. The QP parameter is used for remote direct data acquisition (RDMA) transmission of the data of the terminal device. The QP parameters are sent during the RDMA connection establishment process.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a third indication message to the session management network element, the third indication message being used to indicate that communication is conducted using RDMA.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: The RDMA information corresponding to the session is sent to the session management network element, and the RDMA information corresponding to the session is used to determine the QP parameters.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The access network-side information corresponding to the session includes one or more of the following: reordering time, retransmission count configured by the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, retransmission count configured by the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and access network-side resource information.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The access network side information corresponding to the session is determined based on the service quality information of the session.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10-14, characterized in that, The QP parameters include one or more of the following: Timeout retransmission time; Maximum transmission rate; Multiple delay ranges, and the transmission rate corresponding to each delay range; The statistical window size for latency, wherein the statistical window size is a first duration, a first data volume, or a first number of messages.

16. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes at least two of the following devices: access network device, session management network element, data analysis network element, terminal device, and application function network element; the access network device, the session management network element, or the data analysis network element is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-9, and the terminal device or the application function network element is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 10-15.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a communication interface; the communication interface is used to receive and send data; the processor is coupled to the memory, and the processor calls a computer program or computer instruction stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-9, or to implement the method as described in any one of claims 10-15.

18. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes one or more functional modules, which are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-9, or to implement the method as described in any one of claims 10-15.

19. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or computer instructions that are executed by a processor to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, or to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 10-15.

20. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer program code or computer instructions, which, when executed, implement the method described in any one of claims 1-9, or the method described in any one of claims 10-15.

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