A method and apparatus for link adaptation for frequency hopping communications

Abstract

The application provides a link adaptation method and device for frequency hopping communication, and relates to the technical field of frequency hopping communication. In response to a target radio frame to be sent at a target time not being the first radio frame sent by a local device, expected receiving power of the target radio frame received by a peer device is determined based on sending power of the target radio frame sent by the local device, sending power of radio frames sent by the local device before the target time, and receiving power of radio frames received by the peer device before the target time. A target modulation and coding scheme is determined from multiple modulation and coding schemes based on the expected receiving power and a selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme. In response to the local device receiving control information about the target radio frame sent by the peer device, the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme is adjusted based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme. The application can improve signal transmission efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of frequency hopping communication technology, and in particular to a link adaptation method and apparatus for frequency hopping communication. Background Technology

[0002] To balance transmission rate and reliability in complex wireless environments, modern wireless communication systems generally employ link adaptive technology, which dynamically adjusts the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) used in each transmission, achieving a balance between transmission rate and robustness under different channel conditions.

[0003] Existing link adaptive methods are mainly divided into two categories: the first category is based on channel quality measurement, where the local device selects the MCS with the highest transmission rate based on the feedback channel quality; the second category is based on transmission result statistics, where the local device adjusts the selection priority of MCS based on the success or failure of continuous transmission.

[0004] However, the above methods are not suitable for frequency-hopping communication systems such as Bluetooth. In frequency-hopping communication systems, due to frequent channel switching, a coding and modulation scheme for one channel may not be suitable for another. Taking Bluetooth as an example, the sub-event interval can be as short as 400 microseconds, and different frequency points can be used between sub-events. Assuming the 15 frequency points with the best channel quality are used, the average time interval between each frequency point is as long as 6 milliseconds. Existing link adaptive methods typically require ten or even dozens of transmission iterations to converge, and after this time, the channel state has often changed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application is made in view of at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, and the present application can improve the signal transmission efficiency and quality in frequency hopping communication.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a link adaptive method for frequency hopping communication, comprising:

[0007] In response to the fact that the target radio frame to be transmitted at the target time is not the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, the expected reception power of the target radio frame is determined based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting radio frames before the target time, and the reception power of the other device receiving radio frames before the target time; wherein, the local device and the other device transmit radio frames based on frequency hopping communication.

[0008] Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from a plurality of modulation and coding schemes; wherein the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme is determined by the transmission rate of the modulation and coding scheme.

[0009] In response to the local device receiving control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device, the local device adjusts the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a link adaptive device for frequency hopping communication, comprising:

[0011] A power determination module is configured to, in response to a target radio frame to be transmitted at a target time not being the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, determine the expected receive power of the target radio frame received by the other device based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting radio frames before the target time, and the receive power of the other device receiving radio frames before the target time; wherein the local device and the other device transmit radio frames based on frequency hopping communication.

[0012] The scheme determination module is configured to determine a target modulation and coding scheme from among a plurality of modulation and coding schemes based on the expected received power and a selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme; wherein the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme is determined by the transmission rate of the modulation and coding scheme.

[0013] The adjustment module is configured to, in response to the local device receiving control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device, adjust the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods described above.

[0015] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores an executable program, and the processor executes the executable program to perform the steps of the method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0016] The core characteristic of frequency-hopping communication is multi-frequency switching transmission, and link loss fluctuates dynamically due to frequency characteristics and interference environment. This application provides a link adaptive method and apparatus for frequency-hopping communication. Through a closed-loop logic that estimates expected power using historical data and corrects thresholds based on actual feedback, the MCS selection always matches the current link quality. This ensures optimal transmission parameters are selected under changing channel conditions, reducing transmission failure and retransmission probability, thereby improving throughput and reducing latency. In frequency-hopping communication, channel estimation is complex due to frequency hopping. This method effectively addresses rapid changes using historical data, improving overall link reliability and maximizing transmission rate while ensuring the required bit error rate, thus improving spectral efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing Bluetooth transmission method that switches frequencies based on events;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an existing Bluetooth transmission method that switches frequency points based on sub-events;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a link adaptation method for frequency hopping communication provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmission of wireless frames between a device and another device, provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a link adaptive device for frequency hopping communication provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] To achieve higher communication rates and transmission reliability, a modulation scheme (MCS) more suitable for the actual channel conditions is typically chosen. For example, during transmission, QPSK, 8PSK, or 16QAM can be used as the modulation method, with punched convolutional codes used for channel coding, and code rates of 1 / 2, 2 / 3, 3 / 4, or 15 / 16. Different MCSs result in different data transmission rates, but the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required by the receiving device also varies. With a fixed symbol rate, adjusting the MCS can achieve a higher transmission rate, but to achieve the same block error rate, the required SNR also increases. For example, at a symbol rate of 2 Mbps, using 16QAM modulation with a 15 / 16 code rate can achieve a transmission rate of 7.5 Mbps, which is 3.75 times that of QPSK modulation with a 1 / 2 code rate; however, the former requires a 12 dB higher SNR than the latter.

[0025] For ease of description, Bluetooth will be used as an example in the following explanation.

[0026] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, at the start of each transmission, i.e., at the beginning of each transmission event / sub-event, the local device first sends a radio frame, followed by the remote device sending radio frames, alternating until the event / sub-event ends. Each transmitted radio frame contains control information regarding whether the previously received radio frame was successfully received. The remote device determines the content of the next transmitted frame based on this control information. A frequency switch occurs after each event / sub-event ends; that is, the frequency remains unchanged within an event / sub-event. Figure 1 Switch frequency points by event. Figure 2 According to the subevent frequency switching, C→P indicates that the local device sends a radio frame, and P→C indicates that the other device sends a radio frame.

[0027] Based on this, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this application provides a link adaptive method for frequency hopping communication, including:

[0028] Step 301: In response to the fact that the target radio frame to be transmitted at the target time is not the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, the expected received power of the target radio frame is determined based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting radio frames before the target time, and the received power of the other device receiving radio frames before the target time; wherein, the local device and the other device transmit radio frames based on frequency hopping communication.

[0029] The transmission power of the target radio frame transmitted by the local device is the power level of the radio frame to be transmitted. The transmission power of the radio frame transmitted by the local device before the target time is the historical transmission power data, reflecting the local device's transmission status at past times. The reception power of the radio frame received by the target device before the target time is the historical reception power data, reflecting the target device's reception status at past times. This application predicts the expected reception power of the target radio frame received by the target device by combining historical transmission power and reception power, that is, by using historical channel state information, such as path loss and channel gain, to estimate the current channel quality.

[0030] Step 302: Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme, determine the target modulation and coding scheme from multiple modulation and coding schemes; wherein, the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme is determined by the transmission rate of the modulation and coding scheme.

[0031] Each MCS (Multi-Side Controller) has a corresponding selection threshold, which is determined by the MCS's transmission rate. Generally, higher transmission rate MCSs require higher receive power or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to ensure reliability. By comparing the expected receive power with the selection thresholds of each MCS, a suitable target MCS is selected from several available MCSs. For example, if the expected receive power is high, a higher transmission rate MCS can be selected; if the expected receive power is low, a more robust lower-rate MCS is selected.

[0032] Step 303: In response to the local device receiving control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device, adjust the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0033] When the local device receives control information about the target radio frame from the other device, this control information typically includes feedback information such as acknowledgment messages (ACK / NACK) and received power information. ACK indicates successful reception, meaning the currently selected MCS is appropriate, and it's even possible to try increasing the MCS. NACK indicates reception failure, meaning the channel quality of the currently selected MCS is insufficient, and the MCS needs to be reduced.

[0034] This application's embodiments utilize a closed-loop logic that estimates expected power based on historical data and corrects thresholds based on actual feedback. This ensures that the MCS selection always aligns with the current link quality, guaranteeing the selection of optimal transmission parameters under changing channel conditions. This reduces transmission failures and retransmission probabilities, thereby improving throughput and reducing latency. In frequency-hopping communication, channel estimation is complex due to frequency hopping. This method effectively addresses rapid changes using historical data, improving overall link reliability and maximizing transmission rate while maintaining bit error rate requirements, thus enhancing spectral efficiency.

[0035] Based on the availability and quality of the data, this application determines the expected received power in three cases.

[0036] Case 1

[0037] Triggering conditions: The current frequency of the target wireless frame is different from the frequency of the previous frame of the target wireless frame sent by the other party, or the local device has not received the previous frame of the target wireless frame sent by the other party.

[0038] This is a fallback strategy for information gaps. The current frequency point has just been activated, or the link is interrupted, and there is no direct information about the channel quality on this specific frequency point.

[0039] At this time, based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by our equipment, the transmission power of the wireless frames transmitted by our equipment before the target time, and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other equipment before the target time, the expected reception power of the target wireless frame received by the other equipment is determined, including:

[0040] The average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of the wireless frames sent by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other device before the target time.

[0041] In response to the fact that the current frequency of the target radio frame is different from the frequency of the previous frame of the target radio frame sent by the other party, or that the local device has not received the previous frame of the target radio frame sent by the other party, the expected receiving power of the other party to receive the target radio frame is determined based on the average link loss, the preset link attenuation offset and the transmission power of the target radio frame sent by the local device.

[0042] Among them, the link attenuation bias is used to characterize the difference between the maximum and average channel attenuation values ​​at each frequency point in the preset frequency hopping table.

[0043] To improve transmission efficiency, the average link loss is usually calculated before determining the triggering condition. If the triggering condition of case 1 is met, the data is obtained and used directly.

[0044] Specifically, the expected received power can be calculated using equation (1). .

[0045] (1)

[0046] in, Used to characterize the target wireless frame sent by our device. The transmission power, Used to characterize average link loss Used to characterize link attenuation bias.

[0047] In frequency-hopping communication systems, channel attenuation can vary significantly across different frequencies. Directly using the average link loss calculated from all historical frequencies to predict new frequencies may lead to transmission failures because the actual attenuation at the new frequency is much greater than the average. By introducing a link attenuation bias, this method effectively avoids overly high MCS selection due to channel prediction, ensuring that even at new frequencies with poor channel conditions, the selected MCS maintains a low bit error rate, thereby significantly reducing the probability of transmission failure for the first data frame or critical control frame.

[0048] This application provides only a preferred implementation. In practical application scenarios, link attenuation bias can be disregarded, and calculations can be performed solely based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame sent by the local device and the average link loss.

[0049] Case 2

[0050] Triggering conditions: The target radio frame is at least the third radio frame sent by both devices on the current frequency point, and the local device receives the previous frame of the target radio frame sent by the other device, and obtains the received power of the frame before the target radio frame from the control information of the previous frame.

[0051] This trigger condition means that the two communicating parties have completed at least two full transmit-receive interaction cycles on the current frequency. Compared with case 1, the channel has entered a relatively stable state and there is enough historical data from the current frequency.

[0052] At this time, based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by our equipment, the transmission power of the wireless frames transmitted by our equipment before the target time, and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other equipment before the target time, the expected reception power of the target wireless frame received by the other equipment is determined, including:

[0053] In response to the fact that the target radio frame is at least the third radio frame transmitted by both devices on the current frequency, and the local device receives the previous frame of the target radio frame transmitted by the other device, and obtains the received power of the frame before the target radio frame from the control information of the previous frame, the expected received power of the other device to receive the target radio frame is determined based on the transmission power of the local device to transmit the target radio frame, the transmission power of the frame before the target radio frame transmitted by the local device, and the received power of the frame before the target radio frame received by the other device.

[0054] Specifically, the expected received power can be calculated using equation (2). .

[0055] (2)

[0056] in, Used to characterize the first transmission of this device Frame transmission power, Used to characterize the reception of the other device. The received power of the frame.

[0057] This application embodiment directly uses the most recently available instantaneous link loss value from the same frequency point ( This avoids the information ambiguity caused by averaging losses at different frequencies and times, and the prediction results more accurately reflect the channel characteristics at the current frequency and time. This makes the subsequent MCS selection very accurate, and can approximate the channel capacity to the greatest extent.

[0058] Case 3

[0059] Triggering conditions: The previous frame of the target wireless frame sent by the other party is on the same frequency as the target wireless frame, and the local device receives the previous frame but does not obtain the received power of the previous frame received by the other party, or the previous frame is not on the same frequency as the target wireless frame.

[0060] This trigger condition is for a scenario where the information is incomplete but some real-time data is available.

[0061] Based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by our equipment, the transmission power of the wireless frames transmitted by our equipment before the target time, and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other equipment before the target time, the expected reception power of the target wireless frame received by the other equipment is determined, including:

[0062] The average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of the wireless frames sent by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other device before the target time.

[0063] Calculate the average received power based on the received power of the wireless frames received by our equipment before the target time.

[0064] In response to the situation where the previous frame of the target radio frame sent by the other party is on the same frequency as the target radio frame, and the local device receives the previous frame but does not obtain the received power of the frame before the target radio frame received by the other party, or the frame before the target radio frame is not on the same frequency as the target radio frame, the local device determines the expected received power of the target radio frame received by the other party based on the transmission power of the target radio frame sent by the local device, the average link loss, the average received power, and the received power of the previous frame received by the local device.

[0065] Specifically, the expected received power can be calculated using equation (3). .

[0066] (3)

[0067] in, Used to characterize average received power Used to characterize the reception of the first [item / condition] by our equipment The received power of the frame.

[0068] Similar to Case 1, calculating the average link loss and average received power can be performed before determining whether the triggering conditions are met, in order to improve transmission efficiency.

[0069] Average received power represents the long-term average channel quality from the other party's equipment to the local equipment, and can be used as an indicator of the other party's transmission capability and the average uplink quality.

[0070] If only the long-term average is used, the expected received power is .

[0071] However, long-term averages may not reflect the instantaneous characteristics of the current frequency point; therefore, real-time correction is introduced. It is used to measure the instantaneous quality at the current frequency point.

[0072] The embodiments of this application also utilize channel reciprocity for correction, that is, by comparing the real-time uplink quality with the average uplink quality, similar changes that may occur in the downlink can be inferred.

[0073] Specifically, calculate the real-time offset. It is used to measure whether the actual channel conditions at the current frequency point are better (positive number) or worse (negative number) than the long-term average conditions.

[0074] Based on the above points, the expected received power is finally calculated using equation (3). .

[0075] This application's embodiments fill the gap between Case 1 (no real-time information) and Case 2 (complete real-time information). In common situations where direct feedback from the other device cannot be obtained, but the local device has real-time measurement reception, this method ensures the continuity of the link adaptive function.

[0076] The embodiments of this application effectively capture the instantaneous fluctuations of the current frequency point relative to the long-term trend and apply these fluctuations to downlink prediction. This makes the prediction results no longer rigid historical averages, but dynamically responds to the current channel state, which is significantly better than methods that simply use average link loss.

[0077] In practical applications, other division methods can also be used, such as using the calculation method corresponding to case 1 when the triggering condition of case 2 is met.

[0078] In one embodiment of this application, the average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of the wireless frames transmitted by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the remote device before the target time, including:

[0079] The average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of the wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device within a preset first time period at the distance from the target, the reception power of the wireless frames successfully received by the target device, and the number of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device.

[0080] Since each wireless frame transmission uses a different frequency, frequency-selective fading occurs in the channel response, necessitating the calculation of an average value. Furthermore, because the distance between devices may change due to relative movement, the calculation of this link loss requires a moving average. Additionally, because the signal reception power of the transmitting device is significantly increased by the interference signal when interference occurs, only correctly received wireless frames are used when calculating the average link loss; that is, frames that the local device actually transmitted and the receiving device successfully received and acknowledged.

[0081] Specifically, the average link loss can be calculated using equation (4).

[0082] (4)

[0083] in, Used to characterize the target time, Used to indicate that the wireless frame was successfully transmitted by the device. The transmission power, A wireless frame used to indicate that the other device has successfully received it. The receiving power, This is used to characterize the set of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device within a preset first time period at a distance from the target. Used to represent the number of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the device.

[0084] Wireless channels are time-varying, especially when mobility is involved. Using recent data ensures that the calculated average link loss better reflects the current channel environment, filtering out outdated information that is no longer representative of the current situation. By using only successfully transmitted data, the calculated average link loss more accurately represents the channel conditions that can support reliable communication, eliminating extreme and adverse moments that cause communication interruptions, making the average value more representative and instructive.

[0085] In one embodiment of this application, the average received power is calculated based on the received power of the wireless frames received by the local device before the target time, including:

[0086] The average received power is calculated based on the received power of the wireless frames successfully received by the local device within a preset second time period at the time of the target distance, and the number of wireless frames successfully received by the local device.

[0087] Specifically, the average received power can be calculated using equation (5).

[0088] (5)

[0089] in, Used to characterize the wireless frames successfully received by our device. The received power is determined by our own equipment and needs to be distinguished from the received power determined by the other equipment. This is used to characterize the set of wireless frames successfully received by the local device within a preset second time period at a distance from the target. Used to represent the number of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the device.

[0090] The receiving power of the local device reflects the channel quality of the uplink and the transmitting power of the other device.

[0091] The second duration can be the same as or different from the first duration. For example, the uplink and downlink may face different interference environments or rates of change, and the system can configure the most suitable time window for them to achieve the best performance.

[0092] A successfully received frame means that its received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high enough to be correctly decoded, and the received power of this frame is a power reading under effective communication. In contrast, the received power of a failed frame may be measured under extremely low SNR, or even contain noise power. Including this invalid data would severely distort the true value of the average received power, making it unrepresentative of the effective communication link status.

[0093] The average received power calculated by the embodiments of this application, by excluding outdated and invalid data, is a high-quality and timely indicator that truly reflects the uplink signal strength level under effective communication conditions in the recent period.

[0094] The transmission process between our equipment and the other equipment, and the corresponding receiving or transmitting power, such as... Figure 4 As shown in the diagram. Here, Central Device refers to our device, and Peripheral Device refers to the other party's device.

[0095] Radio frames are divided into uplink radio frames and downlink radio frames, which are transmitted alternately. If the target radio frame is sent from one device to another, then the preceding frame refers to the frame sent from the other device to one device. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the target wireless frame The frame preceding the target wireless frame sent from one device to another. -1 indicates that the other party's device sends a message to our device. -1 frames will carry the information determined by the receiving device. -2 frames of received power.

[0096] In one embodiment of this application, the higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold;

[0097] Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from multiple modulation and coding schemes, including:

[0098] In response to the existence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power and a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold greater than the expected received power, the modulation and coding scheme corresponding to the maximum selection threshold not greater than the expected received power is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme with a preset probability P, and the modulation and coding scheme corresponding to the minimum selection threshold greater than the expected received power is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme with a probability 1-P.

[0099] Choosing the MCS with the highest speed that can reliably operate under the predicted power with probability P ensures transmission reliability and avoids packet loss due to prediction errors. Choosing an MCS with a slightly higher speed than the predicted power requirement with probability 1-P attempts to tap into the channel's potential capacity in order to achieve higher throughput. Probability P is a preset probability, such as 0.05.

[0100] Based on the transmission rate from smallest to largest, the modulation and coding schemes are numbered sequentially as follows: , … Total includes The combination corresponds to the selection threshold as follows: , … ,satisfy Select the MCS serial number whose threshold is not greater than the expected received power and has the highest transmission rate. That is, for any have And for any have If it exists ,and Then, based on probability Select the serial number as MCS, with probability Select the serial number as MCS.

[0101] Even if the expected received power falls in the same critical region multiple times in a row, the MCS ultimately selected through the embodiments of this application may be different due to the introduction of random numbers. This effectively smooths the switching process of the MCS, prevents high-frequency oscillations, and improves the stability of the link.

[0102] In one embodiment of this application, the higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold.

[0103] Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from multiple modulation and coding schemes, including:

[0104] In response to the existence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power and the absence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold greater than the expected received power, the modulation and coding scheme with the maximum selection threshold is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0105] If we can find a solution that meets the conditions ,and Then select the serial number as MCS.

[0106] When the system predicts that the signal strength at the receiving end is strong and the signal-to-noise ratio is much higher than the requirements of the MCS, the highest-rate MCS is used so as to fully exploit and utilize the maximum capacity of the channel, thereby maximizing the instantaneous throughput.

[0107] In one embodiment of this application, the higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold;

[0108] Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from multiple modulation and coding schemes, including:

[0109] In response to the absence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power, the modulation and coding scheme with the minimum selection threshold is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0110] If there exists that meets the conditions ,Right now If so, then select the MCS with serial number 1.

[0111] Based on the given conditions, the MCS with the minimum selection threshold is the one with the lowest signal-to-noise ratio requirement and the most robust, but it also has the lowest transmission rate.

[0112] When the channel experiences deep fading or strong interference, the embodiments of this application ensure that the system will not interrupt the connection due to the lack of alternative solutions. Although the data rate is low, the basic connectivity of the link is maintained, which provides the possibility for subsequent channel recovery and transmission of control signaling.

[0113] In one embodiment of this application, adjusting the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme includes:

[0114] In response to a control message indicating that the other device has successfully received the target radio frame, the selection threshold of the first modulation and coding scheme is reduced; wherein, the selection threshold of the first modulation and coding scheme before adjustment is not greater than the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0115] In response to a control message indicating that the other device has failed to receive the target radio frame, the selection threshold of the second modulation and coding scheme is increased; wherein, the selection threshold of the second modulation and coding scheme before adjustment is not less than the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0116] The control information indicates that the other device has successfully received the target radio frame, i.e., received a positive acknowledgment (ACK), indicating that the actual channel conditions may be better than predicted, and the system thus receives positive feedback.

[0117] The control information indicates that the other device has failed to receive the target radio frame, i.e., received a negative acknowledgment (NACK) or timed out, indicating that the actual channel conditions cannot support the selected MCS, and the system therefore receives a negative feedback.

[0118] This method transforms the MCS selection threshold from a pre-set, fixed, static parameter into a dynamically changing parameter based on actual communication results. The system can learn from each success or failure, continuously fine-tuning its decision boundaries, making the MCS selection strategy increasingly aligned with real, time-varying channel characteristics.

[0119] In one embodiment of this application, a serial number is recorded. The MCS sequence number selected for the wireless frame is .

[0120] If the other device sends back a wireless frame If it has been successfully received, then reduce all... The selection threshold corresponding to the MCS: for all The adjusted selection threshold for the first modulation and coding scheme Satisfy equation (6).

[0121] (6)

[0122] in, Used to characterize the wireless frames received by the other device Received power, wireless frames Maximum threshold adjustment amount upon successful reception This is a preset parameter, for example, it can be set to 15, for wireless frames. Threshold learning rate upon successful reception This is a preset parameter, for example, it can be 0.2.

[0123] In one embodiment of this application, if the other device sends back a wireless frame If it fails to be successfully received, then improve all The selection threshold corresponding to the MCS: for all The selection threshold of the adjusted second modulation and coding scheme Satisfy equation (7).

[0124] (7)

[0125] in, Used to characterize the wireless frames received by the other device Received power, wireless frames Maximum threshold adjustment amount when reception fails This is a preset parameter, for example, it can be set to 3, for wireless frames. Threshold learning rate when reception fails This is a preset parameter, for example, it can be 0.1.

[0126] The two embodiments described above can be finely adjusted based on the degree of success / failure (quantified by the difference between the actual received power and the threshold), making the learning process more accurately reflect the inherent characteristics of the channel.

[0127] In one embodiment of this application, when the local device does not receive control information about the target wireless frame sent by the other device, the selection threshold of each modulation and coding scheme remains unchanged.

[0128] If the other device does not respond, the selection threshold for any MCS will not be updated.

[0129] Without receiving control information, the true cause of transmission failure cannot be determined. If the system rashly adjusts the selection threshold without knowing the reason (for example, mistakenly believing that the failure has occurred due to the lack of a response, and thus raising the selection threshold), it may learn incorrectly.

[0130] The embodiments of this application enable the evolution of the MCS selection threshold to truly reflect the channel characteristics, rather than being corrupted by random events during transmission (such as accidental errors in the feedback channel).

[0131] In one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: in response to the target wireless frame to be transmitted at a target time being the first wireless frame transmitted by the local device, determining the modulation and coding scheme with the minimum transmission rate as the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0132] This application embodiment greatly increases the probability that the first data frame will be successfully received and decoded by the other party by selecting the most robust MCS, thus avoiding a deadlock situation where the normal communication state cannot be entered due to the failure of the first transmission.

[0133] like Figure 5 As shown, this application provides a link adaptive device for frequency hopping communication, comprising:

[0134] The power determination module 501 is configured to, in response to the fact that the target radio frame to be transmitted at the target time is not the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, determine the expected received power of the target radio frame received by the other device based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting radio frames before the target time, and the received power of the other device receiving radio frames before the target time; wherein the local device and the other device transmit radio frames based on frequency hopping communication.

[0135] The scheme determination module 502 is configured to determine a target modulation and coding scheme from multiple modulation and coding schemes based on the expected received power and a selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme; wherein, the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme is determined by the transmission rate of the modulation and coding scheme.

[0136] The adjustment module 503 is configured to adjust the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme when the local device receives control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device.

[0137] In one embodiment of this application, the power determination module 501 is configured to calculate the average link loss based on the transmission power of the wireless frame transmitted by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frame received by the other device before the target time; in response to the current frequency of the target wireless frame being different from the frequency of the previous frame of the target wireless frame transmitted by the other device, or the local device not receiving the previous frame of the target wireless frame transmitted by the other device, the expected reception power of the target wireless frame received by the other device is determined based on the average link loss, a preset link attenuation offset, and the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by the local device; wherein, the link attenuation offset is used to characterize the difference between the maximum and average channel attenuation values ​​of each frequency point in the preset frequency hopping table.

[0138] In one embodiment of this application, the power determination module 501 is configured to, in response to the target wireless frame being at least the third wireless frame transmitted by both devices on the current frequency point, and the local device receiving the previous frame of the target wireless frame transmitted by the other device, and obtaining the received power of the frame before the target wireless frame from the control information of the previous frame, determine the expected received power of the other device receiving the target wireless frame based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target wireless frame, the transmission power of the frame before the target wireless frame transmitted by the local device, and the received power of the frame before the target wireless frame received by the other device.

[0139] In one embodiment of this application, the power determination module 501 is configured to calculate the average link loss based on the transmission power of the wireless frame transmitted by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frame received by the other device before the target time; calculate the average received power based on the reception power of the wireless frame received by the local device before the target time; and, in response to the situation where the previous frame of the target wireless frame transmitted by the other device is on the same frequency as the target wireless frame, and the local device receives the previous frame but does not obtain the reception power of the frame before the other device received the target wireless frame, or the frame before the other device is not on the same frequency as the target wireless frame, determine the expected reception power of the other device receiving the target wireless frame based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by the local device, the average link loss, the average received power, and the reception power of the previous frame received by the local device.

[0140] In one embodiment of this application, the power determination module 501 is configured to calculate the average link loss based on the transmission power of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device, the reception power of wireless frames successfully received by the other device, and the number of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device within a preset first time period when the distance to the target is within a preset first time period.

[0141] In one embodiment of this application, the power determination module 501 is configured to calculate the average received power based on the received power of wireless frames successfully received by the local device within a preset second time period when the distance to the target is within the target time, and the number of wireless frames successfully received by the local device.

[0142] In one embodiment of this application, the higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold; the scheme determination module 502 is configured to, in response to the existence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power and a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold greater than the expected received power, select the modulation and coding scheme corresponding to the maximum selection threshold not greater than the expected received power as the target modulation and coding scheme with a preset probability P, and select the modulation and coding scheme corresponding to the minimum selection threshold greater than the expected received power as the target modulation and coding scheme with a probability 1-P.

[0143] In one embodiment of this application, the higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold; the scheme determination module 502 is configured to select the modulation and coding scheme with the largest selection threshold as the target modulation and coding scheme in response to the existence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power and the absence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold greater than the expected received power.

[0144] In one embodiment of this application, the higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold; the scheme determination module 502 is configured to select the modulation and coding scheme with the minimum selection threshold as the target modulation and coding scheme in response to the absence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power.

[0145] In one embodiment of this application, the adjustment module 503 is configured to, in response to a control information indicating that the other device has successfully received the target wireless frame, lower the selection threshold of the first modulation and coding scheme; wherein the selection threshold of the first modulation and coding scheme before adjustment is not greater than the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme; and in response to a control information indicating that the other device has not successfully received the target wireless frame, raise the selection threshold of the second modulation and coding scheme; wherein the selection threshold of the second modulation and coding scheme before adjustment is not less than the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

[0146] In one embodiment of this application, the scheme determination module 502 is configured to determine the modulation and coding scheme with the lowest transmission rate as the target modulation and coding scheme in response to the fact that the target wireless frame to be transmitted at the target time is the first wireless frame transmitted by the local device.

[0147] This application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores an executable program, and the processor executes the executable program to perform the steps of the methods described in any of the above embodiments.

[0148] This application provides a computer program product that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of any of the above embodiments.

[0149] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and various numerical designations used herein are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0150] In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are omitted here.

[0151] In the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0152] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the various illustrative logical blocks (ILBs) and steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0153] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0154] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0155] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0156] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state drive), etc.

[0157] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A link adaptive method for frequency hopping communication, characterized in that, include: In response to the fact that the target radio frame to be transmitted at the target time is not the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, the expected reception power of the target radio frame is determined based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting radio frames before the target time, and the reception power of the other device receiving radio frames before the target time; wherein, the local device and the other device transmit radio frames based on frequency hopping communication. Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from a plurality of modulation and coding schemes; wherein the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme is determined by the transmission rate of the modulation and coding scheme. In response to the local device receiving control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device, the local device adjusts the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by the local device, the transmission power of the wireless frame transmitted by the local device before the target time, and the reception power of the wireless frame received by the counterparty device before the target time, the expected reception power of the counterparty device for receiving the target wireless frame is determined, including: The average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of the wireless frames sent by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other device before the target time. In response to the fact that the current frequency of the target wireless frame is different from the frequency of the previous frame of the target wireless frame sent by the other party device, or that the local device has not received the previous frame of the target wireless frame sent by the other party device, the expected reception power of the other party device to receive the target wireless frame is determined based on the average link loss, the preset link attenuation offset and the transmission power of the target wireless frame sent by the local device. The link attenuation bias is used to characterize the difference between the maximum and average channel attenuation values ​​at each frequency point in the preset frequency hopping table.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by the local device, the transmission power of the wireless frame transmitted by the local device before the target time, and the reception power of the wireless frame received by the counterparty device before the target time, the expected reception power of the counterparty device for receiving the target wireless frame is determined, including: In response to the fact that the target radio frame is at least the third radio frame transmitted by both devices on the current frequency point, and the local device receives the previous frame of the target radio frame transmitted by the other device, and obtains the received power of the frame before the target radio frame from the control information of the previous frame, the expected received power of the other device receiving the target radio frame is determined based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting the frame before the target radio frame, and the received power of the other device receiving the frame before the target radio frame.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the transmission power of the target wireless frame transmitted by the local device, the transmission power of the wireless frame transmitted by the local device before the target time, and the reception power of the wireless frame received by the counterparty device before the target time, the expected reception power of the counterparty device for receiving the target wireless frame is determined, including: The average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of the wireless frames sent by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the other device before the target time. Calculate the average received power based on the received power of the wireless frames received by the local device before the target time. In response to the fact that the previous frame of the target radio frame sent by the other party is on the same frequency as the target radio frame, and the local device receives the previous frame but does not obtain the received power of the frame before the target radio frame received by the other party, or the frame before the target radio frame is not on the same frequency as the target radio frame, the expected received power of the other party receiving the target radio frame is determined based on the transmission power of the target radio frame sent by the local device, the average link loss, the average received power, and the received power of the previous frame received by the local device.

5. The method as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, Based on the transmission power of the wireless frames sent by the local device before the target time and the reception power of the wireless frames received by the remote device before the target time, the average link loss is calculated, including: The average link loss is calculated based on the transmission power of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device within a preset first time period from the target time, the reception power of wireless frames successfully received by the target device, and the number of wireless frames successfully transmitted by the local device.

6. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the received power of the wireless frames received by the local device before the target time, the average received power is calculated, including: The average received power is calculated based on the received power of wireless frames successfully received by the device within a preset second time period from the target time and the number of wireless frames successfully received by the device.

7. The method as described in claim 1, Its features are, The higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold. Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from among the multiple modulation and coding schemes, including: In response to the existence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power and a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold greater than the expected received power, the modulation and coding scheme corresponding to the maximum selection threshold not greater than the expected received power is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme with a preset probability P, and the modulation and coding scheme corresponding to the minimum selection threshold greater than the expected received power is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme with a probability 1-P.

8. The method as described in claim 1, Its features are, The higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold. Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from among the multiple modulation and coding schemes, including: In response to the existence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power and the absence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold greater than the expected received power, the modulation and coding scheme with the maximum selection threshold is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme.

9. The method as described in claim 1, Its features are, The higher the transmission rate, the higher the corresponding selection threshold. Based on the expected received power and the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme, a target modulation and coding scheme is determined from among the multiple modulation and coding schemes, including: In response to the absence of a modulation and coding scheme with a selection threshold not greater than the expected received power, a modulation and coding scheme with the minimum selection threshold is selected as the target modulation and coding scheme.

10. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the control information and the target modulation and coding scheme selection threshold, the modulation and coding scheme selection threshold is adjusted, including: In response to the control information indicating that the other device has successfully received the target wireless frame, the selection threshold of the first modulation and coding scheme is reduced; wherein, before the adjustment, the selection threshold of the first modulation and coding scheme is not greater than the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme; In response to the control information indicating that the other device has failed to receive the target radio frame, the selection threshold of the second modulation and coding scheme is increased; wherein, before the adjustment, the selection threshold of the second modulation and coding scheme is not less than the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

11. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in, If the local device does not receive control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device, the selection threshold of each modulation and coding scheme remains unchanged.

12. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes: In response to the fact that the target radio frame to be transmitted at the target time is the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, the modulation and coding scheme with the minimum transmission rate is determined as the target modulation and coding scheme.

13. A link adaptive device for frequency hopping communication, characterized in that, include: A power determination module is configured to, in response to a target radio frame to be transmitted at a target time not being the first radio frame transmitted by the local device, determine the expected receive power of the target radio frame received by the other device based on the transmission power of the local device transmitting the target radio frame, the transmission power of the local device transmitting radio frames before the target time, and the receive power of the other device receiving radio frames before the target time; wherein the local device and the other device transmit radio frames based on frequency hopping communication. The scheme determination module is configured to determine a target modulation and coding scheme from among a plurality of modulation and coding schemes based on the expected received power and a selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme; wherein the selection threshold for the modulation and coding scheme is determined by the transmission rate of the modulation and coding scheme. The adjustment module is configured to, in response to the local device receiving control information about the target radio frame sent by the other device, adjust the selection threshold of the modulation and coding scheme based on the control information and the selection threshold of the target modulation and coding scheme.

14. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program / instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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