Method for breeding periplaneta americana
By combining modular breeding boxes and differentiated environmental parameters with specialized feed, the problem of low survival rate in American cockroach farming has been solved, immunity and survival rate have been improved, and the safety of the breeding process and product quality have been ensured.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511840555.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
AI Technical Summary
Current American cockroach farming ignores the differences at different stages, using uniform environmental parameters and a single feed, resulting in weak immunity and low survival rate.
The modular breeding boxes are divided into larval, nymphal, adult, and oviposition areas, with differentiated temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation parameters. They also provide specialized feed containing compound protein sources, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics, combined with high-precision environmental control and cleaning and disinfection measures.
It significantly improved the survival rate at each stage, enhanced the immune system of American cockroaches, and achieved an efficient and safe breeding process and the acquisition of high-quality medicinal raw materials.
Smart Images
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Figure BDA0005728086830000061
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a breeding method of Periplaneta americana. BACKGROUND
[0002] Periplaneta americana, commonly known as cockroaches, belongs to the family Blattidae and has strong adaptability and reproductive capacity. It is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, and its extract can be used to prepare drugs such as Kangfu New Liquid. It is also an important resource insect in the fields of biological transformation and feed protein source.
[0003] Periplaneta americana is generally bred in wooden or plastic boxes in layers, and the environmental temperature is artificially controlled, such as temperature, humidity, feed ratio, and breeding density, which are key factors affecting the growth and health of Periplaneta americana. Mixed grain feed is fed, and simple ventilation equipment and heating devices are provided. The feces and residual materials are cleaned regularly by hand.
[0004] Periplaneta americana usually needs 5-6 months to reach the harvesting standard. The general breeding method uses uniform environmental parameters and single feed, without considering the physiological differences of larvae, nymphs, adults and egg-laying periods, resulting in low survival rate. In addition, the traditional feed is mainly based on grains, which lacks protein, minerals and immune-enhancing ingredients, resulting in weak immunity and low survival rate of Periplaneta americana. SUMMARY
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the existing Periplaneta americana breeding method uses uniform environmental parameters and feed, ignoring the differences in different periods, and the single feed results in weak immunity of Periplaneta americana.
[0006] The present application provides the following technical invention: the present application provides a breeding method of Periplaneta americana, comprising the following steps:
[0007] Step 1: Equipment preparation
[0008] A modular breeding box is used, which is divided into four independent breeding areas: larva area, nymph area, adult area and egg-laying area. Each area is separated by a sealed partition and is equipped with an independent environmental control module. The environmental control module includes a temperature control module, a humidity control module, a light adjustment and a ventilation system.
[0009] Step 2: Selection of insects
[0010] Select Periplaneta americana adults with no damage to the body surface, agile movement, no deformity, and well-formed feces, with a single weight of ≥1g, a male to female ratio of 3:1, and a feeding density of 100-200 per square meter. The breeding box is disinfected before feeding. The breeding box is sprayed with 0.5% peracetic acid solution for disinfection before feeding. After disinfection, ventilate for 24 hours. The insects are fed after the box is free of disinfectant residues (no irritating odor detected by smell).
[0011] Step three, partition feeding and environmental parameters
[0012] Larva area (25-30 days): temperature 28-30℃, humidity 65-70%, light intensity 50-100 lux, light time 8h / d, ventilation frequency 1 time / h (30min each time)
[0013] Nymph area (30-50 days): temperature 26-28℃, humidity 60-65%, light intensity 100-200 lux, light time 10h / d, ventilation frequency 1 time / h (40min each time)
[0014] Adult area (50-120 days): temperature 25-26℃, humidity 55-60%, light intensity 200-300 lux, light time 12h / d, ventilation frequency 2 times / h (30min each time)
[0015] Oviposition area: temperature 30-32℃, humidity 70-75%, light intensity 50 lux, light time 6h / d, ventilation frequency 1 time / h (20min each time), laying area laid with rotten sawdust and coconut bran mixed substrate (volume ratio 2:1)
[0016] Step four, feed management
[0017] Special feed is used, ingredients include: corn flour 40%, wheat bran 20%, soybean meal 10%, fish meal 10%, vitamin premix 5%, mineral premix 8%, probiotic preparation (Bacillus coagulans) 7%. Feed 2 times a day, feeding amount is 5-10% of the total weight of the insect.
[0018] Step five, adult killing
[0019] After one month of adult oviposition peak, drive from the oviposition box to the killing box for batch killing, the killing box temperature is set to 40-50℃, and lasts for about 30 minutes, then the Periplaneta americana can die, and after processing, it is used as medicine.
[0020] Further, the above special feed is crushed to 80 mesh particle size, mixed uniformly, then add appropriate amount of sterile water (feed to water ratio 1:0.8), and make granular feed with particle size of 2-3mm, dry to water content ≤12% and seal for later use.
[0021] Preferred technical solution one: the probiotic preparation uses Bacillus coagulans, and the viable bacterial count is ≥1×10 10 CFU / g, and it is mixed with other feed ingredients at room temperature to avoid inactivation of live bacteria caused by temperature >40℃.
[0022] The preferred technical solution two further comprises cleaning and disease prevention: clean each breeding area once a week, wipe the inner wall of the box and the partition with a sterile cloth, remove the feces and residual feed with a dust collector, ventilate for 1 hour after cleaning; check the whole group once a month, and focus on observing the activity state (whether to be sluggish), the surface color (whether to be abnormally black / white), and the feces form (whether to be soft); and disease and pest treatment: immediately transfer the pests to an isolation box with a sterile forceps, independently control the environment, and the parameters are the same as those of the corresponding breeding area, disinfect the original breeding area with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution after the disease is diagnosed, and treat the pests according to the harmless treatment when the treatment is not valuable.
[0023] The preferred technical solution three: the temperature control module adopts a semiconductor thermostat, the temperature control precision is ± 0.5 DEG C, and a PT100 temperature sensor is arranged; the humidity control module adopts an ultrasonic humidifier and a dehumidification fan linkage, the humidity sensor precision is ± 2%, the light adjustment is a LED cold light source, the wavelength is 550-600 nm, the light intensity is 0-1000 lux, and the ventilation system is a centrifugal ventilator, a HEPA filter screen is arranged, and a one-way check valve is arranged at an air outlet to avoid cross contamination.
[0024] The preferred technical solution four: the box body is made of food-grade plastic and is easy to clean.
[0025] The application provides a breeding method of periplaneta americana, and the beneficial effects obtained by adopting the above scheme are as follows.
[0026] (1) The application discards the extensive mode of traditional unified environmental parameters, sets independent breeding areas and configures differentiated temperature, humidity, light and ventilation parameters for four key life stages of larvae, nymphs, adult insects and egg laying periods. This fine management mode accurately meets the physiological needs of each development stage of periplaneta americana, effectively reduces environmental stress, thereby significantly reduces the mortality rate of each stage, solves the technical problem of low survival rate caused by unsuitable environment in traditional breeding, and makes the breeding cycle more controllable.
[0027] (2) The special feed provided by the application breaks through the nutritional limitations of traditional single grain feed, and provides comprehensive and balanced nutrition for periplaneta americana through the synergistic effect of composite protein source, vitamins, minerals and specific probiotics. This not only promotes the growth and development of periplaneta americana, but more importantly, significantly enhances the immune system and disease resistance of periplaneta americana, thereby reducing the risk of disease occurrence from the root, further ensuring the health stability and high survival rate of the breeding group, and laying a foundation for obtaining high-quality medicinal material raw materials.
[0028] (3) The application integrates a modular breeding box, a high-precision environment control module, a system cleaning and disinfection procedure, and active disease monitoring and isolation measures; the system realizes stable and controllable breeding environment and efficient management, maximally reduces cross contamination and human interference, and forms a set of replicable, standardized healthy breeding operation procedures. This not only improves the automation level and operation convenience of breeding, but also ensures the safety, hygiene and product quality consistency of the breeding process as a whole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The technology in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application; based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.
[0030] Embodiment 1
[0031] The embodiment provides a basic fine breeding method of Periplaneta americana, which focuses on solving the core problem through zoning and environmental control.
[0032] A breeding method of Periplaneta americana, comprising the following steps:
[0033] Step 1, equipment preparation
[0034] A modular breeding box with length×width×height=100 cm×50 cm×40 cm is used, and the box is averagely divided into four independent breeding zones through plug-in sealing partitions, which are marked as larva zone, nymph zone, adult zone and egg laying zone respectively. Each subzone is independently equipped with a set of environment control module, including: a semiconductor thermostat with temperature control accuracy of ±0.5℃, a humidity control system with ultrasonic humidifier and dehumidification fan linkage with accuracy of ±2%, adjustable light LED light belt with wavelength of 570 nm, light intensity of 0-500 lux and a small centrifugal fan equipped with HEPA filter screen;
[0035] Step 2, screening of insects
[0036] Healthy adults with complete body surface, intact antennae and legs, rapid movement and regular cylindrical feces are selected from the basic population. Individuals with a weight of ≥1.0 g are selected by weighing, and are prepared to be released at a density of 150 individuals per square meter according to the quantity ratio of 3:1 of male to female. Before releasing, the inner wall, partition and equipment surface of the empty breeding box are thoroughly sprayed and disinfected with 0.5% peracetic acid aqueous solution. After disinfection, all ventilation systems are started and run continuously for 24 hours, and then the insects are released into the adult zone after the box is manually smelled and no irritating odor is found.
[0037] Step three, partition feeding and environmental parameters
[0038] Larva area (feed for 25 days): maintain temperature 29±0.5℃, humidity 68±2%, set light intensity 80 lux, daily light 8 hours. Ventilation system starts once an hour, each time lasts 30 minutes.
[0039] Nymph area (feed for 40 days): maintain temperature 27±0.5℃, humidity 63±2%, set light intensity 150 lux, daily light 10 hours. Ventilation system starts once an hour, each time lasts 40 minutes.
[0040] Adult area (feed to 120 days): maintain temperature 25.5±0.5℃, humidity 58±2%, set light intensity 250 lux, daily light 12 hours. Ventilation system starts twice an hour, each time lasts 30 minutes.
[0041] Oviposition area: maintain temperature 31±0.5℃, humidity 73±2%, set light intensity 50 lux, daily light 6 hours. Ventilation system starts once an hour, each time lasts 20 minutes. The area is paved with rotten sawdust and coconut husk mixed substrate (volume ratio 2:1) with a thickness of about 2 cm.
[0042] Step four, feed management
[0043] Preparation of special feed: take corn flour 40%, wheat bran 20%, soybean meal 10%, fish meal 10%, vitamin premix 5%, mineral premix 8%, and Bacillus coagulans preparation with viable bacterial count of 1×10 10 CFU / g 7% according to weight percentage. After mixing all ingredients evenly with a mixer, crush to a particle size that can pass through an 80-mesh sieve. Then add sterile water (feed to water ratio 1:0.8) to make cylindrical particles with a particle size of 2-3 mm using a granulator. Dry the pellet feed in an environment below 40℃ to a moisture content of ≤12%, then seal and store in a cool and dry place. Feed twice a day, with the total feeding amount controlled at 7% of the estimated total weight of the insects
[0044] Step five, adult killing
[0045] After a month after the oviposition peak of the adults in the oviposition area, use their dark-seeking habit to drive them into the connected special killing box. Close the door of the killing box and start the heating device to raise the temperature in the box to 45℃ and maintain for 30 minutes. After all the Periplaneta americana are dead, remove them for subsequent drying, crushing and other medicinal material processing.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] This example is based on Example 1, further optimizing the feed formula and the use of probiotics to focus on improving immunity and growth efficiency.
[0048] The steps of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 1, the main difference being in Step Four, Feed Management: the ingredients of the special feed are adjusted as follows: corn flour 35%, wheat bran 20%, soybean meal 15%, fish meal 12%, vitamin premix 5%, mineral premix 8%, and probiotic preparation 5%. The probiotic preparation is a compound microbial agent of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus licheniformis (total number of live bacteria ≥2×10 10 CFU / g), with a mass ratio of 1:1. The compound microbial agent is added in the last stage after all the dry ingredients of the feed are mixed uniformly, and the material temperature is ensured to be always below 35°C during the mixing process, so as to maximize the activity of the microbial strains.
[0049] The prepared pellet feed, in addition to providing basic nutrition, contains high-activity compound probiotics that can continuously colonize and reproduce in the intestinal tract of P. americana, significantly optimize the intestinal flora structure, improve the digestion and absorption rate of the feed, and effectively inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria through competitive exclusion and secretion of antibacterial substances, thereby systematically enhancing the immunity of the insect body. The observation results show that the survival rate from the nymph stage to the adult stage of the population using the feed of this embodiment can be further improved by about 8% compared to Embodiment 1.
[0050] Embodiment 3
[0051] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, focusing on refining the cleaning, disinfection, and disease monitoring processes to build a high-health breeding system.
[0052] The steps of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 1, the main difference being the addition and refinement of Step Six, Cleaning and Disease Prevention:
[0053] Regular cleaning: fixedly performed once a week. The operator wears sterile gloves and uses a sterilized dust-free cloth to dip a small amount of 75% alcohol solution and wipe the inner walls and observation windows of each breeding area. Then, a small vacuum cleaner with a micro suction head is used to carefully remove fecal particles and residual feed debris on the surface of the breeding substrate. After cleaning, the ventilation system of the area is turned on for forced ventilation for 1 hour.
[0054] Whole population health monitoring: performed once a month. Using a check list, observe and record the following for each area: insect activity status (whether there are individuals that are motionless and have slow reactions), body color (whether there are abnormal blackening, whitening, or mold spots), and fecal form (whether it is soft, sticky, or shapeless).
[0055] Disease and pest isolation and treatment: once a suspected disease and pest is found, it is immediately transferred to a special transparent isolation box using a sterile forceps cooled after flame sterilization. The environmental parameters of the isolation box are set to be the same as the original breeding area where the pest is found. Preliminary diagnosis is performed, and if it is judged to be an infectious disease, 1% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is immediately sprayed for disinfection in the original breeding area. For the disease and pest in the isolation box, if no improvement or no treatment value is seen within 24 hours, it is moved to the treatment room together with the isolation box, and the physical method of the killing box in Example 1 is used for harmless treatment, and the isolation box is thoroughly disinfected.
[0056] Through the intensive management of the present embodiment, early detection, early isolation and early treatment of diseases can be achieved, the spread of diseases is effectively prevented, and the disease loss rate in the breeding process is controlled to be less than 2%.
[0057] Comparative experiment
[0058] Select the same number (1000) of 1st instar Periplaneta americana larvae, divide them into an experimental group (using the method of the present application) and a control group (using the existing factory cage culture method), set 3 replicates for each group, and the experimental period is 90 days, and the results are as follows:
[0059]
[0060]
[0061] It should be noted that the relational terms such as first and second and the like in the present text are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, material or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, material or equipment.
[0062] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for breeding Periplaneta americana, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, equipment preparation A modular breeding box is used, which is divided into four independent breeding areas, i.e. a larva area, a nymph area, an adult area and an egg laying area, each area is separated by a sealed partition and is provided with an independent environment control module, and the environment control module comprises a temperature control module, a humidity control module, a light adjustment and a ventilation system; Step 2, screening of insects American cockroach adults with no damage on the body surface, agile movement, no deformity, and formed feces are selected, and the weight of each adult is greater than or equal to 1g, the ratio of male to female is 3:1, the feeding density is 100-200 per square meter, and the breeding box is disinfected before feeding; Step 3, zoned feeding and environmental parameters The larva area (25-30 days): the temperature is 28-30℃, the humidity is 65-70%, the light intensity is 50-100 lux, the light time is 8h / d, and the ventilation frequency is 1 time / h (30min each time); The nymph area (30-50 days): the temperature is 26-28℃, the humidity is 60-65%, the light intensity is 100-200 lux, the light time is 10h / d, and the ventilation frequency is 1 time / h (40min each time); The adult area (50-120 days): the temperature is 25-26℃, the humidity is 55-60%, the light intensity is 200-300 lux, the light time is 12h / d, and the ventilation frequency is 2 times / h (30min each time); The egg laying area: the temperature is 30-32℃, the humidity is 70-75%, the light intensity is 50 lux, the light time is 6h / d, and the ventilation frequency is 1 time / h (20min each time), and the egg laying area is paved with a mixture of rotten sawdust and coconut husk with a volume ratio of 2:1; Step 4, feed management A special feed is used, and the ingredients include: 40% corn flour, 20% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 10% fish meal, 5% vitamin premix, 8% mineral premix and 7% probiotic preparation. The feed is fed twice a day, and the feeding amount is 5-10% of the total weight of the insects; Step 5, adult killing After one month of the adult egg laying peak, the adults are driven from the egg laying box to the killing box for batch killing, the temperature of the killing box is set to 40-50℃, and the temperature is maintained for about 30 minutes, and then the adults are processed into medicine.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Periplaneta americana is selected from the group consisting of: a wild type Periplaneta americana, a genetically modified Periplaneta americana, a hybrid Periplaneta americana, and a combination thereof. The special feed is crushed to 80 mesh particle size, mixed uniformly, and then a proper amount of sterile water is added, the feed-water ratio is 1:0.8, and then a granular feed with a particle size of 2-3mm is prepared, and the granular feed is dried to a water content of less than or equal to 12% and then sealed and stored.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The probiotic preparation adopts Bacillus coagulans, and the number of viable bacteria is ≥1×10 10 CFU / g.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein It also includes cleaning and disease prevention: each breeding area is cleaned once a week, the inner wall of the box and the partition are wiped with a sterile cloth, the feces and residual feed are removed with a dust collector, and the ventilation is performed for 1 hour after cleaning; the whole group is checked once a month, and the activity state of the insect body, the body surface color and the feces shape are observed.
5. A method for culturing American cockroaches according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control module adopts a semiconductor thermostat; the humidity control module adopts an ultrasonic humidifier and a dehumidification fan linkage, the humidity sensor has an accuracy of ±2%, the light adjustment is a LED cold light source with a wavelength of 550-600nm and a light intensity of 0-1000 lux, and the ventilation system is a centrifugal ventilator provided with a HEPA filter.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the Periplaneta americana is selected from the group consisting of: a wild type Periplaneta americana, a genetically modified Periplaneta americana, a hybrid Periplaneta americana, and a combination thereof. The box body is made of food grade materials.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the Periplaneta americana is selected from the group consisting of: a wild type Periplaneta americana, a genetically modified Periplaneta americana, a hybrid Periplaneta americana, and a combination thereof. Also including disease and pest treatment: found disease and pest immediately transferred to the isolation box with sterile forceps, independent environmental control, parameters with the corresponding breeding area, after diagnosis of disease, the original breeding area with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution disinfection, disease and pest no treatment value when harmless treatment.