Thrust enhancement type safety valve based on valve element cone bottom groove structure and method of thrust enhancement type safety valve

Abstract

The invention provides a thrust enhanced safety valve based on a valve element cone bottom groove structure and a method thereof. The valve comprises a shell (1), a valve assembly (2), a spring (3), a spring seat (4), an adjusting washer (5), a sealing ring (6) and a nut (7), and the shell (1) is provided with three openings including an inlet (11), an outlet (12) and a mounting opening (13); the valve assembly (2) comprises a support (21), a valve element (22) and a bush (23). The valve core (22) is conical and is provided with an annular groove structure at the bottom; the support (21) is pressed into the shell (1) from the installation opening (13), a sealing ring (6) is installed on the lining (23), after the valve is opened, the kinetic energy of leaked fuel oil is converted into static pressure energy through the annular groove structure along with the increase of the flow speed of the fuel oil on the conical surface of the conical valve element (22) and the decrease of hydraulic pressure, and the thrust of the valve element (22) after the safety valve is opened is enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a hydraulic control system of an aero-engine, in particular to a thrust-enhanced safety valve for the system. BACKGROUND The safety valve is one of the important components of the aero-engine hydraulic control system, and is a key component to ensure the reliability and safety of the system. The aero-engine hydraulic control system provides high-pressure fuel through a booster pump. In the working process, to prevent the system from failing due to excessive internal pressure, the safety valve is usually used to adjust, limit or release the pressure of the hydraulic system, thereby effectively protecting the hydraulic system from overpressure damage.

[0002] The conical valve structure is a common form of the safety valve of the aero-engine hydraulic system. The conical valve safety valve has the advantages of simple structure, good sealing, and high reliability. The technical principle of the conical valve safety valve is mainly based on the force balance principle and the conical spool structure. When the spring force is greater than the hydraulic pressure, the valve is closed; when the spring force is less than the hydraulic pressure, the valve is opened. The conical structure of the conical spool has good sealing and stable flow guiding effect, and the conical structure has the characteristics of rapid opening and closing. A small displacement of the spool will cause the flow area to instantaneously increase or decrease. The safety valve uses a conical spool, a base and a compression spring to ensure sealing at low pressure and reliable high-pressure protection. At low pressure, the spring force of the spring compresses the conical spool and the base; at high pressure, the hydraulic pressure compresses the spring to open the valve. However, the bottom of the conical spool does not have a ring groove structure. Therefore, the conventional safety valve has a significant technical defect: when the fuel pressure of the aero-engine hydraulic system rises to a certain pressure, the hydraulic pressure pushes the spool to compress the spring, and the valve gradually opens. As the displacement of the spool increases, the effective area of the hydraulic pressure decreases, resulting in insufficient axial thrust on the spool, which in turn causes the valve opening to be insufficient, and the fuel leakage to be insufficient, which cannot meet the safety requirements of the system overpressure protection.

[0003] A thrust-enhanced safety valve based on a conical spool bottom groove structure is provided. The bottom of the conical spool has a ring groove structure, which can enhance the thrust of the valve after the valve is opened, thereby ensuring the opening of the valve. By improving the structure of the spool, the valve not only enhances the thrust, but also ensures the characteristics of simple structure and high reliability.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need in the art to improve the spool structure of the safety valve of the aero-engine hydraulic system. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem of the present application is: The prior art has the technical problem of insufficient thrust of the spool and limited opening of the valve due to the decrease in the effective area of the hydraulic pressure after the valve is opened.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is: The present application aims to provide a thrust enhanced safety valve. The core is to improve the structure of the valve core, by adding groove structure at the bottom of the valve core cone, thereby significantly increasing the flow capacity and fuel leakage when the valve is fully open, and comprehensively improving the safety and reliability of the hydraulic system.

[0007] The technical solution of the present application is: On the one hand, the present application proposes a thrust enhanced safety valve based on the groove structure at the bottom of the valve core, which includes: a shell (1), a valve assembly (2), a spring (3), a spring seat (4), an adjusting washer (5), a sealing ring (6) and a nut (7), wherein: the shell (1) has three ports, including an inlet (11), an outlet (12) and a mounting port (13); the valve assembly (2) includes: a support (21), a valve core (22) and a bushing (23); the valve core (22) is conical, and the bottom is provided with an annular groove structure; When assembling, the support (21) is pressed into the shell (1) from the mounting port (13), and the two are interference fit to ensure the sealing between the inlet (11) and the outlet (12); the sealing ring (6) is installed on the bushing (23), and the spring (3), the spring seat (4) and the adjusting washer (5) are installed between the valve core (22) and the bushing (23) in turn, after installation, it is installed into the shell (1) from the mounting port (13), and finally the nut (7) is screwed into the mounting port (13), and the screwing is stopped until the nut (7) compresses the bushing (23); During fuel leakage, as the fuel flow rate on the conical surface of the valve core (22) increases, the hydraulic pressure decreases, and the annular groove structure at the bottom of the valve core (22) converts the kinetic energy of the leaked fuel into static pressure energy, thereby enhancing the thrust of the valve core (22) after the safety valve is opened.

[0008] Preferably, the support (21) is cylindrical, and has an oil passage (211) and a support cone surface (213) in the middle, and a sealing ring (212) between the oil passage (211) and the support cone surface (213), which is tightly attached to the valve core cone surface (221) to ensure the sealing of the safety valve.

[0009] Preferably, the valve core (22) is conical at one end and cylindrical at the other end; the conical end includes a valve core cone surface (221), a cone bottom (222), an annular groove (223) and an oil passage (224); the cylindrical end is provided with an oil collecting groove (225) and a support surface (226); the annular groove (223) is provided at the cone bottom (222), which can enhance the axial thrust of the valve core (22) after the valve is opened; the oil passage (224) connects the conical end and the cylindrical end, and provides fuel for the oil collecting groove (225) and the support surface (226), which is used for sealing and lubrication between the valve core (22) and the bushing (23).

[0010] Preferably, the bushing (23) mainly comprises a mounting hole (231) and a sealing groove (232); the mounting hole (231) is in clearance fit with the support surface (226), and the clearance is not more than 0.02 mm, so that the coaxiality between the two is ensured, and the sealing property is ensured; the sealing groove (232) is used for mounting the sealing ring (6) and sealing the inside and outside of the mounting hole (13).

[0011] Preferably, the spring (3) is a coil spring, which is mainly used for opening and closing the valve, and is made of spring steel; the safety valve utilizes the elastic force of the spring (3) to ensure that the sealing ring (212) of the valve core conical surface (221) and the support (21) are tightly fitted, so that the sealing at low pressure is realized.

[0012] On the other hand, the application provides an overpressure protection method of the thrust enhanced safety valve based on the valve core conical bottom groove structure, which comprises the following steps: The safety valve utilizes the elastic force of the spring (3) to ensure that the sealing ring (212) of the valve core conical surface (221) and the support (21) are tightly fitted, so that the sealing at low pressure is realized; when the system pressure rises to the valve opening pressure threshold, the hydraulic pressure overcomes the elastic force of the spring (3), and the valve core (22) is axially moved, the valve is opened to release pressure, and the safety of the system at high pressure is ensured. The low-pressure sealing property and the overpressure protection of the safety valve are both characterized by the fuel leakage of the outlet (2); when the fuel leakage is too large, the elastic force of the spring (3) is increased by increasing or replacing the adjusting washer (5) with large thickness, and the axial displacement of the valve core (22) is reduced, so that the fuel leakage is reduced; When the fuel leakage is too small, the elastic force of the spring (3) is reduced by reducing or replacing the adjusting washer (5) with small thickness, and the axial displacement of the valve core (22) is increased, so that the fuel leakage is increased.

[0013] With the increase of the system oil pressure Ph, the valve core (22) is gradually moved under the action of the hydraulic pressure, the effective area of the hydraulic pressure acting on the valve core (22) is gradually reduced, the thrust of the valve core (22) is insufficient, and after the valve is opened, the high-pressure fuel forms a high-speed flow along the annular gap between the valve core conical surface (221) and the support (21) under the action of the pressure difference. When the fuel flow rate increases, its static pressure decreases, so that a low-pressure area is formed near the valve core conical surface (221); the annular groove (223) with a specific angle is designed at the bottom of the conical surface (222), and the bottom surface (2232) of the annular groove is at a 90° angle with the valve core conical surface (221).

[0014] When the leaked fuel flows to the annular groove (223) at high speed, the flow rate is reduced due to the sudden expansion of the flow cross section, part of the kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, a local high pressure area (2231) is formed in the annular groove (223), thereby exerting an additional axial thrust on the valve core (22), and further ensuring the opening of the valve. The structure makes full use of the leaked fuel after the valve is opened, the leaked fuel flows at high speed along the valve core taper surface (221), and the kinetic energy is effectively converted into pressure energy at the annular groove (223), thereby enhancing the axial thrust of the valve core (22), increasing the opening of the valve and the fuel leakage, and improving the safety of the hydraulic system.

[0015] At the same time, as the valve opening increases, the fuel leakage increases, the pressure energy conversion efficiency at the annular groove (223) also increases, the axial thrust of the valve core (22) is further strengthened, forming a positive feedback regulation mechanism, ensuring that the valve can still ensure sufficient opening under high pressure working condition, and having reliable self-regulating ability.

[0016] When the angle between the bottom surface (2232) of the annular groove and the valve core taper surface (221) is greater than 90°, the larger the angle, the weaker the pressure increasing ability; when the angle is less than 90°, the pressure increasing effect is not obvious, and the processing is difficult; only when the angle between the bottom surface (2232) of the annular groove and the valve core taper surface (221) is 90°, the best fluid dynamics effect can be ensured, thereby realizing high-efficiency conversion of kinetic energy to pressure energy.

[0017] When the system pressure rises to the valve opening pressure threshold, the hydraulic pressure overcomes the spring force of the spring (3), pushes the valve core (22) to move axially, opens the valve to release pressure, and ensures the safety of the system under high pressure. The low pressure sealing property and overpressure protection of the safety valve are characterized by the fuel leakage of the outlet (2), when the fuel leakage is too large, the spring force of the spring (3) is increased by increasing or replacing the adjusting washer (5) with large thickness, the axial displacement of the valve core (22) is reduced, and the fuel leakage is reduced; when the fuel leakage is too small, the spring force of the spring (3) is reduced by reducing or replacing the adjusting washer (5) with small thickness, the axial displacement of the valve core (22) is increased, and the fuel leakage is increased.

[0018] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. Strengthen the valve core thrust. Based on Bernoulli's principle, during the fuel leakage process, the fuel flow rate is large, and the pressure is small; the flow rate is small, and the pressure is large. After the valve is opened, the fuel flow rate on the tapered valve core taper surface is large, so the hydraulic pressure is small, the annular groove structure is arranged at the bottom of the valve core taper, the kinetic energy of the leaked fuel is converted into static pressure energy, and the valve core thrust after the safety valve is opened is enhanced; 2. Automatic adjustment of valve thrust. The annular groove structure involved in this invention endows the safety valve with the ability to self-adjust and strengthen. As the system pressure increases, the valve opening increases, fuel leakage increases, and the pressure energy conversion efficiency at the annular groove improves, thereby further strengthening the generated axial thrust and forming a positive feedback adjustment mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a safety valve structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the valve assembly structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the valve core structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bushing structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the valve opening structure.

[0021] in: Housing (1), valve assembly (2), spring (3), spring seat (4), adjusting washer (5), sealing ring (6), nut (7); Inlet (11), outlet (12), installation port (13); Support (21), valve core (22), bushing (23); Oil passage hole (211), sealing ring (212), support cone surface (213); Valve core conical surface (221), bottom of conical surface (222), annular groove (223), oil passage hole (224), oil collection groove (225), support surface (226); Mounting hole (231), sealing groove (232); High-pressure zone (2231), low-pressure zone (2232). Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other, and the various embodiments can be referenced and cited in each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a cone valve type safety valve. From Figure 1 As can be seen from the diagram, the cone valve type safety valve is mainly composed of a housing 1, a valve assembly 2, a spring 3, a spring seat 4, an adjusting washer 5, a sealing ring 6, and a nut 7. The housing 1 is located outside the safety valve and integrates all parts into one unit. It bears loads and protects internal parts. Its shape is like a T-shaped tube and the material is aluminum alloy. The valve assembly 2 is installed inside the housing 1. It has a rotating structure and is used for opening and closing the safety valve. It is made of stainless steel. The spring 3 is installed inside the valve assembly 2. It is generally a helical spring and its main function is to provide spring force for the valve assembly 2. It is used for sealing when the safety valve is closed and for resetting after opening. It is made of spring steel. The spring seat 4 is installed on the end face of the spring 3. It has a boss-shaped structure and its function is to provide support and positioning for the spring 3. It is made of stainless steel. The adjusting washer 5 is installed at the bottom of the spring seat 4. It has a sheet-like structure and its thickness is generally (0.3~2) mm. Its function is to adjust the working length of the spring 3 by increasing or decreasing its number, thereby changing the elastic force of the spring 3 and ensuring that the opening pressure of the safety valve meets the requirements. The adjusting washer 5 is made of stainless steel; the sealing ring 6 is installed between the valve assembly 2 and the housing 1, and is an O-ring seal used for sealing the safety valve. The material is determined according to the working environment, and is generally fluororubber, fluorosilicone rubber or fluoroether rubber; the nut 7 is installed on the end face of the valve assembly 2, and is cylindrical with threads on the outer circle. It mates with the housing 1 and is used to fix the parts installed inside the housing 1. The material is stainless steel.

[0025] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure. Shell 1 is T-shaped and serves to bear loads and protect internal components. Shell 1 has three openings: inlet 11, outlet 12, and mounting port 13. Inlet 11 is the entrance to the safety valve and has a circular hole structure; outlet 12 is the exit of the safety valve and also has a circular hole structure; mounting port 13 is the installation entrance for all internal components of the safety valve, and has a circular hole structure with threads on the inner wall, which cooperate with nut 7 for locking internal components. Shell 1 is generally made of aluminum alloy, which meets the strength requirements and is lightweight.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the valve assembly structure. Valve assembly 2 is installed inside housing 1 and consists of a support 21, a valve core 22, and a bushing 23. The support 21, valve core 22, and bushing 23 are all rotating bodies. During assembly, the rotation centers of the three parts are coaxial, with the support 21 in contact with the valve core 22, which is installed within the bushing 23. Valve assembly 2 is the core component of the safety valve, primarily used for opening and closing the valve.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure. Support 21 is installed inside housing 1, with an interference fit between them. Support 21 is cylindrical, with an oil passage hole 211 and a support conical surface 213 in the center. The oil passage hole 211 communicates with inlet 11 to prevent fuel leakage after the safety valve is opened. The support conical surface 213 increases the fuel flow area. A sealing ring 212 is located between the oil passage hole 211 and the support conical surface 213, which is used to seal the safety valve. Support 21 is generally made of stainless steel. Impacts occur during operation; stainless steel has high hardness and wear resistance, ensuring the reliability of the valve.

[0028] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the valve core structure. The valve core 22 is installed inside the housing 1 and is tightly fitted against the support 21. The valve core 22 is a rotating body, with one end being conical and the other end being cylindrical. The conical end includes a valve core conical surface 221, a conical bottom 222, an annular groove 223, and an oil passage hole 224; the cylindrical end has an oil collecting groove 225 and a supporting surface 226. The valve core conical surface 221 is located on the end face of the valve core 22, and its function is to seal when the safety valve is closed and to guide fuel flow when the safety valve is open. The conical bottom 222 is located at the root of the valve core conical surface 221, and the conical bottom 222 forms a 90° angle with the valve core conical surface 221. An annular groove 223 is provided at the conical bottom 222, and its function is to use the fuel after the valve is opened to increase the axial thrust of the valve core 22. The oil passage 224 is located at the center of rotation of the valve core 22, connecting the conical end and the cylindrical end of the valve core 22, and serves to supply fuel to the oil collection groove 225 and the support surface 226. The oil collection groove 225, located between the two support surfaces 226, is a cylindrical groove that stores fuel for sealing the safety valve and provides lubrication for the opening and closing of the valve core 22. The support surface 226 is a cylindrical surface that provides radial support to the valve core 22. The valve core 22 is typically made of stainless steel.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bushing structure. Bushing 23 is installed inside housing 1 and has a clearance fit with valve core 22. The function of bushing 23 is to provide radial support for valve core 22 and ensure the sealing performance of the safety valve. Bushing 23 is a rotating structure, mainly including mounting hole 231 and sealing groove 232. The mounting hole 231 and the support surface 226 have a clearance fit, generally not exceeding 0.02mm, which ensures high coaxiality between the two, used for radial limiting of valve core 22, and also ensures sealing performance. Sealing groove 232 is used to install sealing ring 6 and mates with the inner wall surface of housing 1 to ensure the sealing performance of the safety valve. Bushing 23 is generally made of stainless steel, which has high hardness and wear resistance, ensuring a reliable fit with valve core 22.

[0030] Figure 1 When the safety valve is in the closed state, that is, the inlet pressure Ph is less than the opening pressure of the safety valve, the inlet hydraulic pressure is less than the elastic force of the spring 3, and under the action of the elastic force of the spring 3, the valve core 22 cone surface 221 is tightly fitted with the sealing ring 212, and the safety valve is closed.

[0031] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the valve opening. When the inlet pressure Ph is greater than the safety valve opening pressure, the spring 3 is compressed under the action of hydraulic pressure, the support 21 remains stationary, and the hydraulic pressure pushes the valve core 22 to move axially. The valve core cone surface 221 separates from the sealing ring 212, and the safety valve opens. During the opening process of the safety valve, the support 21, bushing 23, spring seat 4, adjusting washer 5, sealing ring 6, and nut 7 do not move relative to each other. As the system oil pressure Ph increases, the axial displacement of the valve core 22 gradually increases, while the effective area of ​​the hydraulic pressure acting on the valve core cone surface 221 gradually decreases, resulting in insufficient axial thrust of the valve core 22. After the valve opens, the high-pressure fuel flows at high speed along the annular gap between the valve core cone surface 221 and the support cone surface 213 under the action of pressure difference. Based on Bernoulli's principle, as the fuel flow rate increases, its static pressure decreases, thus forming a low-pressure zone 2232 near the valve core cone surface 221. To utilize this fluid characteristic, an annular groove 223 with a specific angle is designed at the bottom 222 of the conical surface, forming a 90° angle with the valve core conical surface 221. When leaking fuel flows at high speed into the annular groove 223, the flow velocity decreases due to the sudden expansion of the flow cross-section, and some kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, forming a local high-pressure zone 2231 within the annular groove 223. This applies an additional axial thrust to the valve core 22, increasing the valve opening. This structure fully utilizes the leaking fuel after the valve opens. The leaking fuel flows at high speed along the valve core conical surface 221, effectively converting kinetic energy into pressure energy at the annular groove 223, enhancing the axial thrust of the valve core 22, increasing the valve opening and fuel leakage, and improving the safety of the hydraulic system. Simultaneously, as the valve opening increases, fuel leakage increases, and the pressure energy conversion efficiency at the annular groove 223 also improves. The axial thrust of the valve core 22 is further strengthened, forming a positive feedback regulation mechanism to ensure that the valve can still maintain sufficient opening under high-pressure conditions and has reliable self-regulation capability. When the angle between the bottom of the conical surface 222 and the valve core conical surface 221 is greater than 90°, the larger the angle, the weaker the pressure boosting capacity; when the angle is less than 90°, the pressure boosting effect is not obvious and the processing is more difficult; only when the bottom of the conical surface 222 and the valve core conical surface 221 are at 90° can the optimal hydrodynamic effect be guaranteed, thereby achieving efficient conversion of kinetic energy to pressure energy.

[0032] This invention proposes a thrust-enhanced safety valve based on a valve core conical bottom groove structure, mainly composed of a housing 1, a valve assembly 2, a spring 3, a spring seat 4, an adjusting washer 5, a sealing ring 6, and a nut 7. The valve assembly 2 consists of a support 21, a valve core 22, and a bushing 23. During assembly, the support 21 is pressed into the housing 1 through the mounting port 13, with an interference fit between them to ensure the sealing between the inlet 11 and the outlet 12. The sealing ring is installed on the bushing 23, and the spring 3, spring seat 4, and adjusting washer 5 are sequentially installed between the valve core 22 and the bushing 23. After installation, it is inserted into the housing 1 through the mounting port 13, and finally the nut 7 is screwed into the mounting port 13 until the nut 7 presses tightly against the bushing 23.

[0033] The housing 1 has three openings: an inlet 11, an outlet 12, and a mounting port 13. Inlet 11 connects to the high-pressure pipeline of the engine hydraulic control system, outlet 12 connects to the return oil pipeline of the engine hydraulic control system, and mounting port 13 is used for installing all internal parts of the safety valve. The housing material is generally aluminum alloy, which meets strength requirements and is lightweight. The support 21 is cylindrical, with an oil passage hole 211 and a support conical surface 213 in the middle. A sealing ring 212 is located between the oil passage hole 211 and the support conical surface 213, tightly fitting against the valve core conical surface 221 to ensure the safety valve's sealing performance. The support 21 is generally made of stainless steel; due to the impact during operation, stainless steel's high hardness and wear resistance ensure the valve's reliability. The valve core 22 is conical at one end and cylindrical at the other. The conical end includes the valve core conical surface 221, the bottom of the conical surface 222, an annular groove 223, and an oil passage hole 224. The cylindrical end has an oil collection groove 225 and a support surface 226. An annular groove 223 is provided at the bottom 222 of the conical surface, which can increase the axial thrust of the valve core 22 after the valve is opened. An oil passage 224 connects the conical end and the cylindrical end, providing fuel to the oil collection groove 225 and the support surface 226 for sealing and lubrication between the valve core 22 and the bushing 23. The valve core 22 is generally made of stainless steel. The bushing 23 mainly includes a mounting hole 231 and a sealing groove 232. The mounting hole 231 and the support surface 226 are clearance-fitted, with a clearance generally not exceeding 0.02mm, ensuring both high coaxiality and sealing. The sealing groove 232 is used to install the sealing ring 6 for sealing the inside and outside of the mounting port 13. The bushing 23 is generally made of stainless steel, which is hard and wear-resistant, ensuring a reliable fit with the valve core 22. The spring 3 is a helical spring, mainly used for opening and closing the valve, and is generally made of spring steel. The spring seat 4 is mainly used for installing, supporting, and positioning the spring 3, and is generally made of stainless steel. Adjusting washer 5 is plate-shaped and installed on bushing 23 to adjust the working length of spring 3, thereby adjusting the spring force. Generally, no more than three pieces are assembled, and the material is usually stainless steel. Sealing ring 6 is used for sealing; the material is selected according to the environment and operating conditions, and generally includes fluororubber, fluorosilicone rubber, and fluoroether rubber. Nut 7 secures the internal parts of the safety valve via threads; the material is usually stainless steel, which is strong and corrosion-resistant.

[0034] The safety valve utilizes the spring force of spring 3 to ensure a tight fit between the valve core cone surface 221 and the sealing ring 212 of the support 21, achieving a seal under low pressure. When the system pressure rises to the valve opening pressure threshold, the hydraulic pressure overcomes the spring force of spring 3, pushing the valve core 22 to move axially, opening the valve to release pressure and ensuring system safety under high pressure. The low-pressure sealing and overpressure protection of the safety valve are characterized by the amount of fuel leakage at outlet 2. When the fuel leakage is too large, the spring force of spring 3 is increased by adding or replacing the thicker adjusting shim 5, reducing the axial displacement of valve core 22 and thus reducing fuel leakage. When the fuel leakage is too small, the spring force of spring 3 is reduced by reducing or replacing the thinner adjusting shim 5, increasing the axial displacement of valve core 22 and thus increasing fuel leakage.

[0035] As the system oil pressure Ph increases, the valve core 22 gradually moves under the action of hydraulic pressure, and the effective area of ​​the hydraulic pressure acting on the valve core 22 gradually decreases, resulting in insufficient thrust of the valve core 22. After the valve opens, high-pressure fuel flows at high speed along the annular gap between the valve core cone surface 221 and the support 21 under the action of pressure difference. Based on Bernoulli's principle, as the fuel flow rate increases, its static pressure decreases, thus forming a low-pressure zone near the valve core cone surface 221. To utilize this fluid characteristic, an annular groove 223 with a specific angle is designed at the bottom 222 of the cone surface, with the bottom surface 2232 of the annular groove forming a 90° angle with the valve core cone surface 221.

[0036] When leaking fuel flows at high speed into the annular groove 223, the flow velocity decreases due to the sudden expansion of the flow cross-section, and some kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, forming a local high-pressure zone 2231 within the annular groove 223. This exerts an additional axial thrust on the valve core 22, thereby ensuring the valve opening. This structure fully utilizes the leaking fuel after the valve opens. The leaking fuel flows at high speed along the valve core conical surface 221, effectively converting kinetic energy into pressure energy at the annular groove 223, enhancing the axial thrust of the valve core 22, increasing the valve opening and fuel leakage, and improving the safety of the hydraulic system. Simultaneously, as the valve opening increases, the fuel leakage increases, and the pressure energy conversion efficiency at the annular groove 223 also increases, further strengthening the axial thrust of the valve core 22. This forms a positive feedback regulation mechanism, ensuring that the valve can still maintain a sufficient opening under high-pressure conditions, exhibiting reliable self-regulation capabilities. When the angle between the bottom surface 2232 of the annular groove and the conical surface 221 of the valve core is greater than 90°, the larger the angle, the weaker the pressurization capacity; when the angle is less than 90°, the pressurization effect is not obvious and the processing is more difficult; only when the bottom surface 2232 of the annular groove and the conical surface 221 of the valve core are at 90° can the best hydrodynamic effect be guaranteed, thereby realizing the efficient conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy.

[0037] In some embodiments, the bottom of the conical surface of the valve core is provided with an annular groove, which effectively converts the kinetic energy of the leaking fuel after the valve opens into pressure energy, enhancing the axial thrust of the fuel on the valve core after the safety valve opens, and ensuring the amount of fuel leakage from the valve. Simultaneously, this structure also has self-adjusting capabilities. As the valve opening increases, the fuel leakage increases, and the pressure energy conversion efficiency at the annular groove also increases, further strengthening the axial thrust of the valve core. This forms a positive feedback adjustment mechanism, ensuring that the valve can maintain a sufficient design opening under high-pressure conditions to meet the overpressure relief requirements of the system, thereby improving the safety of the hydraulic system.

[0038] It should be noted that the above process operations can be combined to varying degrees. For the sake of brevity, the implementation methods of various combinations will not be elaborated here. Those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust the order of the above operation steps or flexibly combine the above steps according to actual needs.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thrust-enhanced safety valve based on a valve core cone bottom groove structure, characterized in that, include: The components include: housing (1), valve assembly (2), spring (3), spring seat (4), adjusting washer (5), sealing ring (6), and nut (7), wherein: The housing (1) has three openings, including an inlet (11), an outlet (12), and an installation opening (13). The valve assembly (2) comprises: a support (21), a valve core (22), and a bushing (23); The valve core (22) is conical, with an annular groove structure at the bottom; During assembly, the support (21) is pressed into the housing (1) through the mounting port (13). The two are interference fit to ensure the sealing between the inlet (11) and the outlet (12). A sealing ring (6) is installed on the bushing (23), and a spring (3), a spring seat (4), and an adjusting washer (5) are installed between the valve core (22) and the bushing (23) in sequence. After installation, it is inserted into the housing (1) through the mounting port (13). Finally, a nut (7) is screwed into the mounting port (13) until the nut (7) presses against the bushing (23). During the fuel leak process, as the fuel flow rate on the cone surface of the cone valve core (22) increases and the hydraulic pressure decreases, the annular groove structure set at the bottom of the cone of the valve core (22) converts the kinetic energy of the leaking fuel into static pressure energy, thereby enhancing the thrust of the valve core (22) after the safety valve is opened.

2. The thrust-enhanced safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The support (21) is cylindrical, with an oil passage hole (211) and a support cone surface (213) in the middle. There is a sealing ring (212) between the oil passage hole (211) and the support cone surface (213), which is in close contact with the valve core cone surface (221) to ensure the sealing of the safety valve.

3. The thrust-enhanced safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The valve core (22) is conical at one end and cylindrical at the other end. The conical end includes a valve core conical surface (221), a bottom of the conical surface (222), an annular groove (223), and an oil passage hole (224). The cylindrical end is provided with an oil collection groove (225) and a support surface (226). An annular groove (223) is provided at the bottom of the conical surface (222), which can increase the axial thrust of the valve core (22) after the valve is opened. The oil passage hole (224) connects the conical end and the cylindrical end, providing fuel to the oil collection groove (225) and the support surface (226) for sealing and lubrication between the valve core (22) and the bushing (23).

4. The thrust-enhanced safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The bushing (23) mainly includes a mounting hole (231) and a sealing groove (232); The mounting hole (231) and the support surface (226) are in clearance fit, with a clearance not exceeding 0.02mm, which can ensure both high coaxiality and sealing. The sealing groove (232) is used to install the sealing ring (6) and to seal the inside and outside of the installation port (13).

5. The thrust-enhanced safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: Spring (3) is a helical spring, mainly used for opening and closing of the valve, and the material is spring steel; The safety valve uses the elastic force of the spring (3) to ensure that the sealing ring (212) of the valve core cone surface (221) and the support (21) fits tightly to achieve a seal under low pressure.

6. An overpressure protection method for a thrust-enhanced safety valve based on a valve core cone bottom groove structure as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The safety valve uses the elastic force of the spring (3) to ensure that the valve core cone surface (221) and the sealing ring (212) of the support (21) are tightly fitted to achieve sealing under low pressure. When the system pressure rises to the valve opening pressure threshold, the hydraulic pressure overcomes the elastic force of the spring (3) and pushes the valve core (22) to move axially, opening the valve to release pressure and ensuring the safety of the system under high pressure. The low-pressure sealing and overpressure protection of the safety valve are characterized by the amount of fuel leakage at the outlet (2). When the amount of fuel leakage is too large, the spring force of the spring (3) is increased by adding or replacing the thicker adjusting washer (5), and the axial displacement of the valve core (22) is reduced, thereby reducing the fuel leakage. When the fuel leakage is too small, the spring force of the spring (3) is reduced by reducing or replacing the thinner adjusting washer (5), thereby increasing the axial displacement of the valve core (22) and thus increasing the fuel leakage.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, in: As the system oil pressure Ph increases, the valve core (22) gradually moves under the action of hydraulic pressure. The effective area of ​​the hydraulic pressure on the valve core (22) gradually decreases. The thrust of the valve core (22) is insufficient. After the valve opens, the high-pressure fuel flows at high speed along the annular gap between the valve core cone surface (221) and the support (21) under the action of pressure difference. When the fuel flow rate increases, its static pressure decreases, thereby forming a low-pressure zone near the valve core cone surface (221); an annular groove (223) with a specific angle is designed at the bottom (222) of the cone surface, and the bottom surface (2232) of the annular groove forms a 90° angle with the valve core cone surface (221).

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, in: When the leaking fuel flows at high speed into the annular groove (223), the flow velocity decreases due to the sudden expansion of the flow cross section, and some of the kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, forming a local high-pressure zone (2231) in the annular groove (223). This applies an additional axial thrust to the valve core (22), thereby ensuring the valve opening. This structure makes full use of the fuel leaking after the valve opens. The leaking fuel flows at high speed along the valve core cone surface (221), effectively converting kinetic energy into pressure energy at the annular groove (223), enhancing the axial thrust of the valve core (22), increasing the valve opening and fuel leakage, and improving the safety of the hydraulic system.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, in: At the same time, as the valve opening increases, the fuel leakage increases, and the pressure energy conversion efficiency at the annular groove (223) also increases. The axial thrust of the valve core (22) is further strengthened, forming a positive feedback regulation mechanism to ensure that the valve can still maintain sufficient opening under high pressure conditions and has reliable self-regulation capability. When the angle between the bottom surface of the annular groove (2232) and the conical surface of the valve core (221) is greater than 90°, the larger the angle, the weaker the pressure boosting capacity; when the angle is less than 90°, the pressure boosting effect is not obvious and the processing is more difficult; only when the bottom surface of the annular groove (2232) and the conical surface of the valve core (221) are at 90° can the best fluid dynamics effect be guaranteed, thereby realizing the efficient conversion of kinetic energy to pressure energy.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that, in: When the system pressure rises to the valve opening pressure threshold, the hydraulic pressure overcomes the spring force (3), pushing the valve core (22) to move axially, opening the valve to release pressure and ensuring the safety of the system under high pressure. The low-pressure sealing and overpressure protection of the safety valve are characterized by the amount of fuel leakage at the outlet (2). When the amount of fuel leakage is too large, the spring force (3) is increased by adding or replacing the thicker adjusting washer (5), thereby reducing the axial displacement of the valve core (22) and thus reducing fuel leakage. When the amount of fuel leakage is too small, the spring force (3) is reduced by reducing or replacing the thinner adjusting washer (5), thereby increasing the axial displacement of the valve core (22) and thus increasing fuel leakage.

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