Variable-speed pumped storage unit control method, device and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a variable-speed pumped storage unit control method, device and equipment and a storage medium, relates to the field of automatic control, and is used for reducing the complexity of control parameter optimization, realizing quick and efficient control on a unit and enabling the unit to maintain efficient and stable operation under a water pumping working condition. A target reference rotating speed value is obtained through quick optimization in a table look-up mode on the basis of a preset data table, then a rotating speed set value and a guide vane opening set value used for execution are determined in a self-adaptive mode in combination with the real-time operation state of the unit, and finally the unit is made to maintain efficient and stable operation under the water pumping working condition through cooperative control over the rotating speed and the guide vane opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automation control, and more particularly to control methods, devices, equipment and storage media for variable speed pumped storage units. Background Technology

[0002] Pumped storage is a mature, large-capacity, and long-life energy storage method in power systems, playing a crucial role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and promoting the consumption of new energy sources. Among these, variable-speed pumped storage units have significant advantages in terms of operating efficiency, regulation speed and range, and stability, and have become an important technological direction for improving the regulation capabilities of power systems.

[0003] In related technologies, efficiency optimization of variable speed units under pumping conditions typically employs optimization methods based on pump characteristic curves. These methods use theoretical or model curves to find the optimal combination of speed and guide vane opening that satisfies given head and power requirements, and then control the unit accordingly.

[0004] However, this optimization algorithm relies on complex curve fitting and online theoretical calculations, which requires high computing power and consumes a lot of computing resources. In practical applications, it is complex to implement and has low execution efficiency, making it difficult to control the unit quickly and efficiently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a control method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for a variable-speed pumped storage unit, which improves the efficiency of optimizing control parameters of the variable-speed pumped storage unit, reduces the complexity of optimization, and enables the unit to maintain high-efficiency and stable operation under pumping conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a control method for a variable-speed pumped storage unit, the method comprising: Get the current head value between the upper and lower reservoirs in the current cycle; Based on the current head value and the preset data table, with the goal of optimizing the pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit, the pump speed is optimized to obtain the target reference speed value of the pump at the current head value. The preset data table includes multiple preset speeds, each preset speed is associated with multiple head values, and each head value corresponds to a set of guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value. The pump efficiency value represents the efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting the input grid electrical energy into water potential energy. Based on the current operating status of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value, determine the current reference speed value of the water pump and the speed setting value of the water pump. Based on the current reference speed of the water pump, the current head value, and the preset data table, determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit; The pump speed is controlled based on the speed setpoint, and the guide vane opening of the variable speed pumped storage unit is controlled based on the guide vane opening setpoint. In this embodiment, the current head value is obtained to provide accurate operating conditions for optimizing pumping efficiency. Then, based on a preset data table, the target reference speed value is obtained through speed optimization. This process significantly reduces computational complexity and improves control efficiency by using a table lookup method. Next, the reference speed value and speed setpoint are determined in conjunction with the unit's operating status, enabling the unit to adaptively balance efficiency and stability at different operating stages. Subsequently, the guide vane opening setpoint is determined based on the reference speed value and the current head, achieving coordinated control of the speed and guide vanes. Finally, control is executed based on the speed setpoint and guide vane opening setpoint, forming a fast-responding, highly efficient, and easy-to-implement pumping control strategy, thereby improving the unit's operating efficiency under pumping conditions.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, based on the current operating state of the variable-speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value, the reference speed value of the current water pump and the speed setpoint of the water pump are determined, including: If the variable speed pumped storage unit is in the process of switching from pumping phase adjustment mode to pumping mode, the target reference speed value is used as the reference speed value of the current water pump. If the target reference speed value is less than the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the pumping pressure building speed threshold will be used as the pump speed setting value. If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the speed limit range of the pump corresponding to the current head value is obtained; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit value and the lower speed limit value; the pumping pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit range; If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, then the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the target reference speed value is less than the upper speed limit value, then the target reference speed value is determined to be the speed setting value. or, If the variable speed pumped storage unit is in steady-state operation under pumping conditions, then obtain the current pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit. Obtain the current pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit; If the pump efficiency value is less than the preset efficiency threshold, or the current head value is less than the historical head value of the previous cycle, and the time since the last update of the current pump's reference speed value is greater than the preset time threshold, then the current pump's reference speed value will be updated to the target reference speed value; otherwise, the current pump's reference speed value will remain unchanged. Based on the current reference speed value and the speed adjustment value of the water pump, the speed setting value of the water pump is obtained; the speed adjustment value is used to adjust the fluctuation of the power grid frequency.

[0008] Based on the above technical content, this application's embodiments employ differentiated control strategies depending on whether the unit is in a switching process or in steady-state operation. During the switching from pumping phase adjustment mode to pumping mode, a smooth transition is ensured by combining the pumping pressure build-up speed threshold and speed limit range, avoiding sudden speed changes. During steady-state operation in pumping mode, by acquiring the pump efficiency value and comparing it with a preset efficiency threshold, frequent speed adjustments are effectively avoided when the unit is already in a high-efficiency range, thus maintaining operational continuity and stability. Simultaneously, a comparison between the current head value and historical head values ​​is introduced, enabling timely re-optimization if an unexpected drop in head occurs during pumping, adapting to actual head changes and maintaining optimal efficiency. Furthermore, combining this with a reference speed value update time threshold control ensures stable operation for a certain period after speed adjustment, preventing regulation oscillations caused by short-term fluctuations. These measures collectively enhance the system's adaptability, control stability, and long-term operational reliability under different operating scenarios.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, based on the current head value and a preset data table, with the goal of optimizing the pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit, the pump speed is optimized to obtain a target reference speed value for the pump at the current head value, including: Obtain the pump speed limit range corresponding to the current head value; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit and the lower speed limit; the pumping pressure build-up speed threshold is within the speed limit range; Using the preset speeds in the preset data table that are within the speed limit range as candidate speeds, the following steps are performed for each candidate speed to obtain the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed under the current head value: Based on a preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with candidate rotational speeds, the head value that is less than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the lower limit of the head value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the upper limit of the head value. Obtain the pump efficiency values ​​corresponding to the lower head limit and the upper head limit respectively, and determine the efficiency difference between the pump efficiency value corresponding to the upper head limit and the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower head limit. Based on the first difference between the current head value and the lower head limit, and the second difference between the upper head value and the lower head limit, a first interpolation coefficient is determined. The first interpolation coefficient is the ratio between the first difference and the second difference. The product of the first interpolation coefficient and the efficiency difference is determined as the first product, and the sum of the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower limit of the head and the first product is taken as the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at the candidate speed under the current head value. After obtaining the equivalent pump efficiency values ​​of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed under the current head value, the candidate speed corresponding to the largest equivalent pump efficiency value is taken as the target reference speed value.

[0010] Here, by calculating the equivalent pump efficiency value for candidate speeds within the speed limit range, and using the head interval interpolation method to evaluate the efficiency performance at each speed, the speed corresponding to the maximum equivalent efficiency is finally selected as the target reference speed value. This optimization method achieves accurate matching of continuous head based on discrete data tables, reducing the computational load while ensuring optimization accuracy, and enhancing the system's adaptability and response capability under varying operating conditions.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit is determined based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value, and a preset data table, including: In the preset data table, find the preset speed that is closest to the current water pump's reference speed, and set this preset speed as the first target speed. In the preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with the first target speed, the head value that is less than the current head value and is closest to the current head value is found as the first lower limit value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and is closest to the current head value is found as the first upper limit value. Obtain the guide vane opening values ​​corresponding to the first lower limit and the first upper limit respectively, and determine the guide vane opening difference between the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first upper limit and the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit. The second interpolation coefficient is determined based on the third difference between the current head value and the first lower limit value, and the fourth difference between the first upper limit value and the first lower limit value. The second interpolation coefficient is the ratio of the third difference to the fourth difference. The product of the second interpolation coefficient and the difference between the guide vane opening is determined as the second product, and the sum of the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit value and the second product is used as the guide vane opening setting value.

[0012] In this embodiment, by using an interval interpolation method to calculate the equivalent pump efficiency value and the guide vane opening setting value, it is possible to achieve fine matching for continuously changing head based on a discrete preset data table, thereby improving the accuracy of the optimization results and the adaptability of the operating conditions. At the same time, the interpolation process is simple to calculate and does not rely on complex models, which helps to reduce the real-time calculation burden while ensuring control accuracy, and enhances the robustness and response consistency of the system under different head conditions.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the pump speed setpoint is obtained based on the current reference speed value of the pump and the pump speed adjustment value, including: The speed adjustment value is superimposed with the current reference speed value of the water pump to obtain the candidate speed setting value; If the candidate speed setting value is less than or equal to the lower speed limit value, then the lower speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, then the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is less than the upper speed limit value but greater than the lower speed limit value, then the candidate speed setting value is determined to be the speed setting value.

[0014] Based on the above technical content, the embodiments of this application superimpose a speed regulation value for grid frequency regulation on a reference speed value and perform amplitude limiting processing within the speed limit range, so that the variable speed pumped storage unit can still operate safely within the allowable speed range when participating in primary frequency regulation and inertia support. Thus, without affecting the pumping efficiency, it effectively supports the stable operation of the grid and achieves the coordinated unity of the unit's comprehensive regulation function and efficient pumping mode.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, before optimizing the pump speed based on the current head value and a preset data table, with the goal of optimizing the pump efficiency of the variable-speed pumped storage unit, the method further includes: Based on the design and operation characteristics of variable speed pumped storage units, multiple preset speeds are set; For each preset rotational speed, multiple discrete head values ​​are determined, and for each head value, the corresponding guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value are determined. The corresponding relationships between multiple preset rotational speeds, multiple head values ​​corresponding to each preset rotational speed, and guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value corresponding to each head value are stored as a preset data table.

[0016] In this embodiment, a preset data table containing the correspondence between multiple speeds and multiple heads is constructed based on the unit's design and operating characteristics. This transforms the complex pump characteristics into a structured and quickly queryable data organization, significantly reducing the resource overhead of frequently calculating model parameters in real-time control, improving the overall system response speed, and facilitating data maintenance, updates, and cross-platform deployment, thereby enhancing the engineering practicality and scalability of the control strategy.

[0017] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: In the preset data table, find the preset speed that is closest to the speed setting value, and set the preset speed as the second target speed; In the preset data table, from the multiple head values ​​associated with the second target speed, the head value that is less than the current head value and is closest to the current head value is found as the second lower limit value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and is closest to the current head value is found as the second upper limit value. Obtain the pumping force values ​​corresponding to the second lower limit and the second upper limit respectively, and determine the pumping force difference between the pumping force value corresponding to the second upper limit and the pumping force value corresponding to the second lower limit. Based on the fifth difference between the current head value and the second lower limit value, and the sixth difference between the second upper limit value and the second lower limit value, the pumping inflow interpolation coefficient is determined. The pumping inflow interpolation coefficient is the ratio of the fifth difference to the sixth difference. The product of the pumping inflow interpolation coefficient and the difference in pumping inflow is determined as the third product, and the sum of the pumping inflow value corresponding to the second lower limit value and the third product is determined as the expected pumping inflow value; the expected pumping inflow value is used to determine whether the variable speed pumped storage unit can be switched to a different mode. In response to the command to switch the operating mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit, if the absolute value of the difference between the actual pumping force and the expected pumping force is less than a preset threshold, the operating control mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit will be switched from power control mode to pump efficiency control mode.

[0018] Here, this embodiment calculates the expected pumping force based on the setpoint speed and the current head, providing an accurate power reference for the unit's operating status. Furthermore, when responding to mode switching commands, it compares the actual pumping force with the expected value, and only executes the transition to pump efficiency control mode when the deviation is less than a preset threshold. This design ensures the smoothness and safety of control mode switching, effectively avoids operational fluctuations caused by power mismatch, and improves the reliability and stability of the system's coordinated operation across multiple modes.

[0019] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a control device for a variable-speed pumped-storage unit, the device comprising: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the current head value between the upper and lower reservoirs in the current cycle. The first processing unit is used to optimize the pump speed based on the current head value and a preset data table, with the goal of achieving the optimal pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit, to obtain the target reference speed value of the pump at the current head value. The preset data table includes multiple preset speeds, each preset speed is associated with multiple head values, and each head value corresponds to a set of guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value. The pump efficiency value represents the efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting the input grid electrical energy into water potential energy. The second processing unit is used to determine the current reference speed value of the water pump and the speed setting value of the water pump based on the current operating status of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value. The third processing unit is used to determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value and the preset data table. The control unit is used to determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value, and the preset data table.

[0020] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, the method comprising: a memory and at least one processor. The memory is communicatively connected to the processor. The memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions. When the processor executes the computer instructions, it causes the electronic device to perform the method as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0021] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions. When these computer instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0022] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product that, when running on a computer / executed by the computer's processor, implements the method described in the first aspect and any possible design thereof. The computer may be an electronic device as described in the third aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0023] Understandably, the beneficial effects achieved by the variable speed pumped storage unit control device of the second aspect, the electronic equipment of the third aspect, the computer-readable storage medium of the fourth aspect, and the computer program product of the fifth aspect provided above can be referred to as the beneficial effects of the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a variable speed pumped storage unit control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another variable-speed pumped storage unit control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another variable-speed pumped storage unit control method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for updating a rotational speed setpoint provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a variable speed pumped storage unit control device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0027] In the technical solutions provided in this application, the data involved (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) are all information and data that have been fully authorized by all parties. The collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision and disclosure of the above information and data all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0028] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, certain software, components, models and other existing solutions in the industry may be mentioned. These should be regarded as exemplary and are only intended to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application. However, it does not mean that the applicant has used or necessarily used the solution.

[0029] Pumped storage is currently recognized in power systems as a highly secure, stable, economical, and largest-capacity energy storage method, playing a crucial role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of new power systems dominated by new energy sources. Compared to traditional fixed-speed units, variable-speed pumped storage units, through their outstanding ability to continuously adjust speed, achieve decoupled control of active and reactive power. This results in stronger regulation performance, higher operating efficiency, faster dynamic response, and better operational stability in both power generation and pumping conditions, providing more flexible and efficient regulation capabilities for new power systems. For variable-speed units, their input / output power is determined by speed, guide vane opening, and head, which is fundamentally different from fixed-speed units with fixed speeds. With a fixed head, the power of a fixed-speed unit is determined only by the opening, without the need for efficiency optimization; however, a variable-speed unit, given a fixed head, needs to find the optimal operating point from various combinations of speed and opening. Therefore, researching efficient efficiency optimization methods is the core approach to improving the hydraulic efficiency and economy of variable-speed pumped storage units.

[0030] In related technologies, optimization strategies are typically based on the energy characteristic curve of a pump model and combined with similarity theory for calculation. Specifically, it usually starts with the current head, determines the guide vane opening corresponding to the optimal efficiency through the efficiency-guide vane opening curve, and then combines this with the pumping input calculation to finally solve for the corresponding optimal rotational speed, thereby determining the optimal combination of rotational speed and guide vane opening.

[0031] However, such optimization methods based on model curves have obvious limitations in practical engineering applications: First, their optimization process relies on complex operations such as solving for horizontal auxiliary lines on the characteristic curve, which leads to complex algorithm logic, complex program development, heavy computational burden, and low execution efficiency during implementation.

[0032] To improve the efficiency of parameter optimization for variable speed pumped storage units, reduce their complexity, and achieve rapid and efficient control of the units, the embodiments of this application obtain the current head value and quickly optimize the target reference speed value by looking up a preset data table. Then, the speed setpoint and guide vane opening setpoint are adaptively determined in combination with the real-time operating status of the units. Finally, through the coordinated control of the speed and guide vane opening, the units maintain high-efficiency and stable operation under pumping conditions.

[0033] This application provides a control method for a variable-speed pumped-storage hydroelectric unit, which can be applied to electronic devices. The electronic device can be a single server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers, or a cloud computing platform, edge computing device, chip, or computing device with variable-speed pumped-storage hydroelectric unit control capabilities. This application does not limit the specific form of the electronic device.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a variable-speed pumped storage unit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the method in the embodiments of this application may include: S101. Obtain the current head value between the upper and lower reservoirs in the current cycle.

[0035] For example, this embodiment uses a measuring device to obtain the head value reflecting the water level difference between the upper and lower reservoirs. The measuring device may include a water level sensor, a pressure sensor, a radar rangefinder, or a combination thereof.

[0036] The head value can be obtained through continuous sampling or sampling at a preset period. In this embodiment, the acquired raw signal is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and / or calculation processing to obtain the current head value.

[0037] This embodiment obtains the current head value, providing accurate operating condition input for subsequent optimization of rotational speed and guide vane opening, thus ensuring the environmental adaptability and timely response of the control strategy.

[0038] S102. Based on the current head value and the preset data table, with the goal of optimizing the pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit, the pump speed is optimized to obtain the target reference speed value of the pump under the current head value. The preset data table includes multiple preset speeds, each preset speed is associated with multiple head values, and each head value corresponds to a set of guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value and pump efficiency value. The pump efficiency value represents the efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting the input grid electrical energy into water potential energy.

[0039] The preset data table defines the mapping relationship between pump performance parameters (including speed, opening degree, efficiency, etc.) and operating parameters (head) at different speeds.

[0040] For example, in this embodiment, the current head value is used as the query condition. In the relationship defined in the preset data table, the corresponding speed value that enables the pump efficiency to reach or approach the optimal value is found and determined as the target reference speed value.

[0041] In one feasible implementation, this embodiment calculates the pump efficiency at each preset speed under that head value by querying a preset data table or by interpolation, fitting, or other methods based on the current head value, and then determines the most efficient pump by comparison. For example, optimization can be achieved by traversing all efficiency-head relationships corresponding to preset speeds in the data table.

[0042] This embodiment introduces an optimization mechanism based on a preset data table, setting the optimal pump efficiency as the optimization target. This enables the control system to actively and quantitatively find the theoretically optimal operating speed for the current head value, laying the decision-making foundation for achieving high-efficiency pumping.

[0043] S103. Based on the current operating status of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value, determine the current reference speed value of the water pump and the speed setting value of the water pump.

[0044] The operating status can include the control mode, operating condition transition stage, and steady-state operation stage of the unit. In this embodiment, the target reference speed value obtained by theoretical optimization is adaptively processed according to the constraints, rules, or requirements in actual operation to output the final reference speed value and speed setpoint used for control.

[0045] For example, this embodiment selects, maintains, adds compensation, or limits the target reference speed value according to different operating states of the unit. For instance, in a specific operating state, the target reference speed value may be directly used as the reference speed value and speed setpoint; in another operating state, it is compared with a safety lower limit value and the larger one is taken as the reference speed value; in yet another operating state, a dynamic adjustment is added to it to meet the grid demand, and the result is limited to the allowable range as the speed setpoint.

[0046] This embodiment introduces operational status judgment, so that the generation of the speed setpoint is no longer a simple result of efficiency optimization, but a decision output that integrates multiple engineering considerations such as safety, stability, and functionality, thereby enhancing the practicality and robustness of the control system.

[0047] S104. Determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value, and the preset data table.

[0048] For example, in this embodiment, based on the determined reference speed value and the current head value, the preset data table is queried or calculated again to determine the guide vane opening value that matches the speed-head combination, and this value is used as the guide vane opening setting value.

[0049] In one feasible implementation, a reference speed value and the current head value are used as joint inputs. A lookup or interpolation calculation is performed in a preset data table to directly obtain the corresponding guide vane opening value. This ensures that the guide vane opening setpoint and the speed setpoint are logically coordinated, both pointing to the efficient operating point defined by the preset data table.

[0050] This embodiment achieves the linkage optimization of the guide vane opening setpoint and the speed setpoint, ensuring that the two key control variables can automatically maintain a matching relationship when they change, jointly guiding the unit to the high-efficiency operating range and improving the overall control and coordination.

[0051] S105. Control the speed of the water pump based on the speed setpoint, and control the guide vane opening of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the guide vane opening setpoint.

[0052] For example, in this embodiment, the calculated speed setpoint and guide vane opening setpoint are respectively sent to the corresponding actuators. For speed control, this embodiment can achieve this by adjusting the power supply frequency, voltage, or torque of the motor driving the water pump. For guide vane opening control, the position of the guide vane mechanism can be adjusted by an electric actuator.

[0053] In one feasible implementation, the parameter control in this embodiment can adopt a closed-loop method, and the feedback can ensure that the execution result is consistent with the speed set value and the guide vane opening set value.

[0054] In this embodiment, the optimized setting instructions generated in the aforementioned steps are transformed into actual adjustments to the unit's physical parameters, thereby achieving precise and efficient control of the pumping process at the equipment level.

[0055] In summary, this embodiment provides real-time and accurate operating condition input for optimizing the pumping process by acquiring the current head value, ensuring precise matching between the control strategy and the physical environment. Then, based on a preset data table, it optimizes the pump speed with the goal of achieving optimal pump efficiency, obtaining a target reference speed value. This process utilizes pre-established data mapping relationships, avoiding complex online modeling and solving, significantly reducing the controller's computational burden and improving decision-making efficiency and response speed. Furthermore, combined with the current operating status of the variable-speed pumped storage unit, the target reference speed value is adaptively processed to determine the reference speed value and the speed setpoint, enabling the control strategy to not only keep pace with the pumping process but also achieve optimal performance. This system aims to achieve optimal static efficiency while dynamically adapting to various real-world scenarios, including unit startup, switching, steady-state operation, and participation in grid ancillary services. It intelligently balances operational efficiency, equipment safety, and grid demand. Subsequently, based on the reference speed and current head value, it queries a preset data table to determine the guide vane opening setpoint, thus achieving coordinated optimization of the two key control variables: speed and guide vane opening. This ensures the unit always operates within or near its high-efficiency range. Finally, control is executed based on the speed and guide vane opening setpoints, translating optimization decisions into specific equipment actions. This forms a complete closed-loop control strategy from condition perception, intelligent optimization, state adaptation to precise execution. This not only effectively improves the overall energy efficiency of variable-speed pumped storage units under pumping conditions but also enhances the system's robustness and engineering practicality by incorporating state judgment and protection logic, providing a reliable technical means for achieving intelligent and efficient operation of pumped storage power stations.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another variable-speed pumped storage unit control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the method in the embodiments of this application may include: S201. Obtain the current head value between the upper and lower reservoirs in the current cycle.

[0057] For example, this step is described in S101 and will not be repeated here.

[0058] In one example, the variable-speed pumped-storage unit control method provided in this embodiment can be applied to the coordinating controller in a variable-speed pumped-storage unit. The coordinating controller is the core control unit of the variable-speed pumped-storage unit, responsible for integrating and coordinating speed regulation, guide vane control, power regulation, etc. When the coordinating controller's operating mode is set to pumping mode, and its efficiency control mode is further set to high-efficiency pumping control mode (usually the default mode under pumping conditions), the entire variable-speed pumped-storage unit control method provided in this embodiment is triggered to achieve real-time, safe, and efficient optimized control of the unit's pumping process.

[0059] S202. Obtain the pump speed limit range corresponding to the current head value; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit and the lower speed limit; the pumping pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit range.

[0060] For example, in this embodiment, the speed limit range is determined according to the unit's safe operation specifications and hydraulic characteristics, and can be stored in the form of a function or a mapping table. The pumping pressure build-up speed threshold is a fixed value preset based on the unit's startup characteristics or a configurable parameter.

[0061] In one feasible implementation, this embodiment pre-defines a "head-speed limit correspondence table," which records the allowed speed operating range for different head value intervals, namely, the upper speed limit n_H and the lower speed limit n_L. This embodiment queries this table based on the current head value. If the current head falls within a certain interval, the corresponding n_H and n_L are directly read; if the current head is between two discrete head values, the corresponding n_H and n_L can be calculated through linear interpolation. For example, if the current head is 640 meters (m), the table shows n_L = 490 revolutions per minute (rpm) and n_H = 520 rpm for the head range of 600m-650m. This range is then used as the speed limit interval.

[0062] This embodiment introduces a speed limit range, providing a clear safe operating boundary for subsequent speed settings. This prevents the speed from being set in dangerous areas that may cause vibration, cavitation, or equipment over-limit in pursuit of efficiency, thus ensuring the safety of unit operation.

[0063] S203. Using the preset speeds in the preset data table that are within the speed limit range as candidate speeds, the equivalent pump efficiency values ​​of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed are obtained under the current head value.

[0064] The preset data table includes multiple preset speeds, each preset speed is associated with multiple head values, and each head value corresponds to a set of guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value and pump efficiency value; the pump efficiency characterizes the efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting the input grid electrical energy into water potential energy.

[0065] In one feasible implementation, before S203, the above-mentioned variable-speed pumped storage unit control method may further include: Based on the design and operation characteristics of variable speed pumped storage units, multiple preset speeds are set. For each preset speed, multiple discrete head values ​​are determined, and for each head value, corresponding guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value are determined. The correspondence between the multiple preset speeds, the multiple head values ​​corresponding to each preset speed, and the guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value corresponding to each head value are stored as a preset data table.

[0066] For example, the parameter values ​​in the preset data table are determined comprehensively based on the pump-turbine design model, simulation calculations, and test results of the variable-speed pumped storage unit. Specifically, for each selected preset speed, a series of discrete head values ​​are used to determine and associate the corresponding guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value that enable the pump to operate efficiently and safely. This constructs a complete performance mapping table, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent real-time table lookup, interpolation, and optimization control in this embodiment.

[0067] In one example, Table 1 is a preset data table provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown in the table below: Table 1 Preset Data Table

[0068] For example, before the optimization begins, this embodiment first filters out all rows in a preset data table whose preset speed values ​​fall within the determined speed limit range [n_L, n_H], and marks these preset speeds as candidate speeds. For instance, if the preset data table contains multiple rows with speeds of 470 rpm, 480 rpm, 485 rpm... 520 rpm, 525 rpm, etc., and the speed limit range [n_L, n_H] corresponding to the current head value is [480, 520], then all preset speeds between 480 rpm and 520 rpm are filtered out as candidate speeds.

[0069] This embodiment pre-screens candidate speeds, strictly limiting the optimization range to a safe and feasible speed range, avoiding invalid calculations, improving optimization efficiency, and fundamentally eliminating the potential risk of unsafe speeds participating in the optimization process.

[0070] In one feasible implementation, this embodiment performs the following steps for each candidate rotational speed to obtain the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate rotational speed under the current head value: Based on a preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with candidate rotational speeds, the head value that is less than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the lower head limit, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the upper head limit.

[0071] Obtain the pump efficiency values ​​corresponding to the lower head limit and the upper head limit respectively, and determine the efficiency difference between the pump efficiency value corresponding to the upper head limit and the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower head limit.

[0072] Based on the first difference between the current head value and the lower head limit, and the second difference between the upper head value and the lower head limit, a first interpolation coefficient is determined. The first interpolation coefficient is the ratio between the first difference and the second difference.

[0073] The product of the first interpolation coefficient and the efficiency difference is determined as the first product, and the sum of the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower limit of the head and the first product is taken as the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at the candidate speed under the current head value.

[0074] For example, taking a candidate speed of 500 rpm and a current head H = 640 m as an example. In the data area corresponding to 500 rpm in the preset data table, the closest head value less than 640 m is found to be 636.19 m (e.g., its efficiency η_L = 92.63%), and the closest head value greater than 640 m is 647.89 m (its efficiency η_H = 92.58%). The first difference ΔH1 = 640 - 636.19 = 3.81, and the second difference ΔH2 = 647.89 - 636.19 = 11.7. Then the first interpolation coefficient k = ΔH1 / ΔH2 ≈ 0.3256. The efficiency difference Δη = η_H - η_L = 92.58% - 92.63% = -0.05%. Then the first product = k × Δη ≈ -0.0163%. The final equivalent pump efficiency value η_equivalent = η_L + first product ≈ 92.63% -0.0163% ≈ 92.6137%. This process is repeated for each candidate speed to obtain a set of equivalent efficiency values.

[0075] This embodiment uses linear interpolation to accurately calculate the efficiency value corresponding to each candidate speed under continuously changing actual head by utilizing discrete head-efficiency points in a preset data table. The method is logically clear and concise, relies on table lookup and interpolation calculations, and is fast with low computational redundancy.

[0076] S204. The candidate speed corresponding to the largest equivalent pump efficiency value is taken as the target reference speed value.

[0077] For example, in this embodiment, after calculating the equivalent efficiency for all candidate speeds, the largest equivalent pump efficiency value η_max is obtained by comparison. The candidate speed corresponding to η_max is determined as the target reference speed value n_eset. For example, after calculation and comparison, the equivalent efficiency is highest (92.61%) when the speed is 500 rpm, so n_eset = 500 rpm.

[0078] This embodiment clearly and quickly determines the speed value that theoretically maximizes the pump's operating efficiency within the current head and speed safety range through simple maximum value comparison, providing a clear and optimal theoretical reference point for subsequent control.

[0079] S205. Based on the current operating status of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value, determine the current reference speed value of the water pump and the speed setting value of the water pump.

[0080] In one feasible implementation, S205 includes the following two methods: In the first implementation method, if the variable speed pumped storage unit is in the process of switching from pumping phase adjustment mode to pumping mode, the target reference speed value is used as the reference speed value of the current water pump.

[0081] If the target reference speed value is less than the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the pumping pressure building speed threshold will be used as the pump speed setting value.

[0082] If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the speed limit range of the pump corresponding to the current head value is obtained; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit value and the lower speed limit value; the pumping pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit range.

[0083] If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, then the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the target reference speed value is less than the upper speed limit value, then the target reference speed value is determined to be the speed setting value.

[0084] For example, when the co-controller detects that the unit is in a critical process of switching from pumping phase adjustment mode to pumping mode, this embodiment prioritizes ensuring the stability and reliability of the switching process. At this time, the target reference speed value (n_eset) obtained through optimization is directly recorded as the current reference speed value (n_eset1). Then, a pumping pressure building speed threshold (n_pump) set to ensure smooth water pressure establishment is introduced for logical judgment: If the target reference speed value (n_eset) is less than the pumping pressure building speed threshold (n_pump), it indicates that the theoretical optimal speed may not be sufficient to overcome the initial water resistance, and there is a risk of pressure building failure. Therefore, the speed setting value (n_iset) is set to n_pump. If the target reference speed value (n_eset) is greater than or equal to the pumping pressure building speed threshold (n_pump), it is further compared with the speed upper limit value (n_H) obtained in S202. If the target reference speed value (n_eset) is greater than or equal to the speed upper limit value (n_H), the speed setting value is set to n_H for safety limits. Otherwise, the speed setting value is set to n_eset itself.

[0085] In this embodiment, during the critical stage of operating condition switching, priority is given to ensuring the smooth progress of the process (ensuring pressure build-up), while also taking into account the initial efficiency selection results and the safety upper limit, thus achieving triple protection of efficiency, safety and process reliability.

[0086] The second implementation method is to obtain the pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit if it is in a steady-state operation under pumping conditions.

[0087] If the pump efficiency value is less than the preset efficiency threshold, or if the current head value is less than the historical head value of the previous cycle, and the time since the last update of the current pump's reference speed value is greater than the preset time threshold, then the current pump's reference speed value will be updated to the target reference speed value; otherwise, the current pump's reference speed value will remain unchanged.

[0088] Based on the current reference speed value and the speed adjustment value of the water pump, the speed setting value of the water pump is obtained; the speed adjustment value is used to adjust the fluctuation of the power grid frequency.

[0089] In one example, this embodiment superimposes the speed adjustment value with the current reference speed value of the water pump to obtain a candidate speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is less than or equal to the lower speed limit value, the lower speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is less than the upper speed limit value but greater than the lower speed limit value, the candidate speed setting value is determined to be the speed setting value.

[0090] For example, during steady-state operation, this embodiment first determines whether updating the current reference speed value n_eset1 is permitted. The determination conditions include: 1) the current pump efficiency is lower than a preset efficiency threshold (e.g., a higher efficiency threshold of 92.6%), indicating a clear potential for efficiency improvement; 2) or the head decreases (potentially causing a change in the optimal speed point), and the time elapsed since the last update of the reference speed exceeds a preset time threshold (e.g., a 1-minute anti-frequent speed adjustment time). If either condition is met, the latest target reference speed value n_eset1 is used to overwrite the current reference speed value n_eset1; otherwise, the current reference speed value n_eset1 remains unchanged. This prevents unnecessary frequent changes in the speed setpoint when efficiency is already high or the head fluctuates slightly.

[0091] Next, in response to grid frequency fluctuations (primary frequency regulation) or to provide inertia support, the control system calculates an instantaneous speed adjustment value n_d (which can be positive or negative). This speed adjustment value n_d is added to the current reference speed value n_eset1 to obtain the candidate speed setpoint. Finally, a speed limit interval [n_L, n_H] is applied to the candidate speed setpoint: if it is lower than n_L, n_L is used; if it is higher than n_H, n_H is used; otherwise, the candidate speed setpoint itself is used. The final result is the speed setpoint n_iset.

[0092] In steady-state operation, this embodiment effectively suppresses the problem of frequent speed regulation caused by measurement noise or minor fluctuations in operating conditions by introducing an efficiency threshold and update waiting time, thereby improving equipment lifespan and control stability. Simultaneously, by superimposing grid ancillary service commands and applying safety limits, the unit achieves both high-efficiency operation and the ability to quickly respond to grid demands, while always operating within safety boundaries.

[0093] Based on the two implementation methods mentioned above, this embodiment can track the optimal efficiency point of the water pump corresponding to the current head when the unit is pumping water, and dynamically maintain efficient operation, thereby greatly reducing the loss in the process of converting electrical energy into water potential energy, and effectively improving the overall energy efficiency and energy saving level of the variable speed pumped storage unit.

[0094] S206. Determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value, and the preset data table.

[0095] In one feasible implementation, S206 includes the following steps: In the preset data table, find the preset speed that is closest to the current water pump's reference speed value, and set the preset speed as the first target speed.

[0096] In the preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with the first target speed, the head value that is less than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the first lower limit value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the first upper limit value.

[0097] Obtain the guide vane opening values ​​corresponding to the first lower limit and the first upper limit respectively, and determine the guide vane opening difference between the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first upper limit and the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit.

[0098] The second interpolation coefficient is determined based on the third difference between the current head value and the first lower limit value, and the fourth difference between the first upper limit value and the first lower limit value. The second interpolation coefficient is the ratio of the third difference to the fourth difference.

[0099] The product of the second interpolation coefficient and the difference between the guide vane opening is determined as the second product, and the sum of the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit value and the second product is used as the guide vane opening setting value.

[0100] For example, after the rotational speed is determined, this embodiment performs guide vane opening cooperative optimization. First, the currently effective reference rotational speed value (n_eset1) and the current head value (H) are used as a joint key to locate the target in a preset data table. Since the reference rotational speed value may not be completely consistent with the preset discrete rotational speed, the first target rotational speed that is closest to it is found first. Within this rotational speed data block, the two-point linear interpolation method is used again, but this time the interpolation object is the guide vane opening value. That is, the adjacent head points of the current head H and their corresponding guide vane openings are found, and the guide vane opening setpoint (GVO_iset) that precisely matches the current operating condition is calculated through interpolation.

[0101] In one example, assume the current reference speed n_eset1 is 500 rpm and the current head H = 640 m. In the preset data table, find the preset speed closest to 500 rpm, which is 500 rpm, and use it as the first target speed. In the data area corresponding to the first target speed, find the lower limit of the head H_1 = 636.19 m (corresponding to guide vane opening GVO_1 = 17.00) and the upper limit of the head H_2 = 647.89 m (corresponding to guide vane opening GVO_2 = 17.55). Calculate the third difference ΔH3 = 640 - 636.19 = 3.81, the fourth difference ΔH4 = 647.89 - 636.19 = 11.7, and the second interpolation coefficient k2 = ΔH3 / ΔH4 ≈ 0.3256. The guide vane opening difference ΔGVO = 17.55 - 17.00 = 0.55. The second product = k2 × ΔGVO ≈ 0.1791. Therefore, the guide vane opening setting value GVO_iset = GVO_1 + the second product = 17.00 + 0.1791 ≈ 17.18.

[0102] This embodiment uses a secondary lookup table and interpolation calculation to set a precisely matched guide vane opening for a given rotational speed. This ensures that the rotational speed and guide vane opening, these two coupled variables, always work in tandem according to a preset, highly efficient coordination relationship. This is a key step in achieving coordinated optimization of "rotational speed-opening" and stabilizing the unit in the high-efficiency range.

[0103] S207. The pump speed is controlled based on the speed setpoint, and the guide vane opening of the variable speed pumped storage unit is controlled based on the guide vane opening setpoint.

[0104] For example, in this embodiment, the speed setpoint (n_iset) is sent to the variable frequency speed control system. By adjusting the voltage and frequency output to the water pump motor, the synchronous speed of the motor is changed, thus forming a closed-loop control. At the same time, the guide vane opening setpoint (GVO_iset) is sent to the guide vane hydraulic servo system to drive the guide vane transmission mechanism and adjust the angle of the movable guide vane to the target position, forming another closed-loop control loop.

[0105] In one feasible implementation, the above-mentioned variable-speed pumped storage unit control method may further include: In the preset data table, find the preset speed that is closest to the speed setting value, and set the preset speed as the second target speed.

[0106] In the preset data table, from the multiple head values ​​associated with the second target speed, the head value that is less than the current head value and is closest to the current head value is found as the second lower limit value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and is closest to the current head value is found as the second upper limit value. Obtain the pumping force values ​​corresponding to the second lower limit and the second upper limit respectively, and determine the pumping force difference between the pumping force value corresponding to the second upper limit and the pumping force value corresponding to the second lower limit.

[0107] The pumping inflow interpolation coefficient is determined based on the fifth difference between the current head value and the second lower limit value, and the sixth difference between the second upper limit value and the second lower limit value. The pumping inflow interpolation coefficient is the ratio of the fifth difference to the sixth difference.

[0108] The product of the pumping inflow interpolation coefficient and the difference in pumping inflow is determined as the third product, and the sum of the pumping inflow value corresponding to the second lower limit value and the third product is determined as the expected pumping inflow value; the expected pumping inflow value is used to determine whether the variable speed pumped storage unit can be switched to a different mode.

[0109] In response to the command to switch the operating mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit, if the absolute value of the difference between the actual pumping force and the expected pumping force is less than a preset threshold, the operating control mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit will be switched from power control mode to pump efficiency control mode.

[0110] For example, to achieve a smooth and seamless transition from a "power control mode (e.g., input control mode)" to a "pump efficiency control mode (e.g., high-efficiency pump control mode)," this embodiment adds a switching prediction mechanism. In the high-efficiency pump control mode, during steady-state pumping operation, based on the current speed setpoint (n_iset) and current head value (H), a predicted pumping input value is calculated again using a preset data table and interpolation algorithm. The predicted pumping input value represents the steady-state input level that should exist under the current operating conditions in the high-efficiency pump control mode. When the co-controller is ready to execute a mode switch, it first compares the current actual pumping input value with the predicted pumping input value. If the absolute value of the difference between the actual and predicted pumping input values ​​is less than a preset threshold, the switch can proceed; otherwise, the switch can be postponed or fine-tuned first.

[0111] The mode switching mechanism in this embodiment can improve the overall stability and intelligence level of the unit's operation. It avoids large fluctuations in power and speed caused by sudden changes in control mode, protecting the equipment and reducing the impact on the power grid. This reflects the meticulous consideration of overall stability in the pursuit of high efficiency by advanced control systems.

[0112] In summary, this embodiment first obtains the current head value, providing accurate operating condition input for the entire control process. Then, it introduces a speed limit range to set clear safety boundaries for all speed operations, fundamentally ensuring equipment safety. Within this safety boundary, based on a pre-built preset data table, through efficient table lookup and linear interpolation, it accurately determines and compares the equivalent pump efficiency values ​​of each candidate speed within the safety range, thereby quickly and accurately locating the target reference speed value with the theoretically optimal efficiency at the current head. Subsequently, this embodiment intelligently adapts and corrects the theoretically optimal value according to the actual operating state of the unit: during the operating condition switching phase, by introducing a pumping pressure building speed threshold and strictly adhering to safety limits, it prioritizes ensuring the reliability and stability of the startup process; during the steady-state operation phase, it suppresses frequent speed adjustments through preset efficiency thresholds and preset time thresholds, and combines speed adjustment values ​​to respond to grid demands, ultimately generating a speed setpoint that is both safe and stable, efficient, and capable of serving the grid. Next, this embodiment utilizes a preset data table again to obtain a guide vane opening setpoint that precisely matches the optimal speed through collaborative optimization calculation, achieving dynamic optimal coordination of the two variables of "speed and opening". Finally, by executing the speed setpoint and guide vane opening setpoint, the optimized decision is accurately translated into the unit's operating state. In addition, this embodiment also provides a non-disruptive criterion for smooth switching of control modes by comparing the calculated expected pumping force value with the real-time value, further improving the intelligence and stability of the overall system operation.

[0113] The variable-speed pumped storage unit control method provided in this embodiment not only systematically solves the efficiency optimization problem caused by the coupling of multiple variables such as speed, head, and opening degree in the pumping operation of variable-speed units, but also ensures that the high-efficiency optimization strategy can be implemented safely, stably, and reliably in the actual complex operating environment through multi-level safety protection and practical application applicability design. This significantly improves the comprehensive energy efficiency and operating economy of variable-speed pumped storage units and can provide more flexible and efficient regulation means for new power systems.

[0114] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another control method for a variable-speed pumped storage unit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3As shown, this embodiment first determines whether the cooperative controller has been set to pumping mode and high-efficiency pumping control mode. If so, the cooperative controller determines the current head and then uses the speed-guide vane opening-head-flow rate-input-efficiency correspondence table obtained based on the design and operation characteristics of the variable speed pumped storage unit, i.e., the preset data table in the figure, as the optimization basis. It compares the pump efficiency values ​​corresponding to the current head at different speeds in the preset data table and takes the speed with the highest pump efficiency value as the target reference speed value. Then, it performs the operating condition judgment: it determines whether the cooperative controller is in the process of switching from pumping phase adjustment mode to pumping mode. If so, it executes the first step to determine the current reference speed value and the pump speed setting value. If not, it executes the second step to determine the current reference speed value and the pump speed setting value. After determining the current reference speed value of the pump, it determines the guide vane opening setting value based on the current reference speed value and the current head. After determining the pump speed setting value, it determines the expected pumping input value based on the pump speed setting value and the current head value.

[0115] The first step includes: Use the target reference speed value as the reference speed value of the current water pump.

[0116] If the target reference speed value is less than the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the pumping pressure building speed threshold will be used as the pump speed setting value.

[0117] If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the speed limit range of the pump corresponding to the current head value is obtained; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit value and the lower speed limit value; the pumping pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit range.

[0118] If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, then the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the target reference speed value is less than the upper speed limit value, then the target reference speed value is determined to be the speed setting value.

[0119] The second step includes: Obtain the pump efficiency value of the current variable speed pumped storage unit.

[0120] Obtain the pump efficiency value of the current variable speed pumped storage unit.

[0121] If the pump efficiency value is less than the preset efficiency threshold, or if the current head value is less than the historical head value of the previous cycle, and the time since the last update of the current pump's reference speed value is greater than the preset time threshold, then the current pump's reference speed value will be updated to the target reference speed value; otherwise, the current pump's reference speed value will remain unchanged.

[0122] Based on the current reference speed value and the speed adjustment value of the water pump, the speed setting value of the water pump is obtained; the speed adjustment value is used to adjust the fluctuation of the power grid frequency.

[0123] The preset pumping inflow value and the expected pumping inflow value are used to determine whether the variable speed pumped storage unit can be switched to a different mode.

[0124] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a speed setpoint update method provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, when the variable speed pumped storage unit is in a stable pumping condition, in this embodiment, the current head is first determined. The speed optimization solver obtains the speed-guide vane opening-head-flow rate-input-efficiency correspondence table based on the design and operation characteristics of the variable speed pumped storage unit, i.e., the preset data table in the figure. The preset data table and the current head are used as the optimization basis. The pump efficiency value corresponding to the current head at different speeds in the preset data table is compared and determined. The speed with the highest pump efficiency value is taken as the target reference speed value.

[0125] Then, the speed memory judges and updates the speed: if the current pump efficiency value is less than the preset efficiency threshold, or the current head is less than the historical head of the previous cycle, and the time since the last update of the current pump's reference speed value is greater than the preset time threshold, then the current pump's reference speed value is updated to the target reference speed value obtained through optimization; then the current pump's reference speed value is superimposed with the obtained speed adjustment value to obtain the pump's speed setting value; wherein, the speed adjustment value is used to respond to power grid frequency fluctuations and can be positive or negative.

[0126] Finally, the speed limiter determines the corresponding speed limit range based on the current head, and limits the speed setting value in the speed memory to between the upper speed limit value and the lower speed limit value. If the speed setting value is not in the speed limit range, the upper speed limit value or the lower speed limit value is taken as the speed setting value.

[0127] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a variable-speed pumped storage unit control device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the control device for the variable speed pumped storage unit includes an acquisition unit 501, a first processing unit 502, a second processing unit 503, a third processing unit 504, and a control unit 505.

[0128] The acquisition unit 501 is used to acquire the current head value between the upper and lower reservoirs in the current cycle.

[0129] The first processing unit 502 is used to optimize the pump speed based on the current head value and a preset data table, with the goal of optimizing the pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit, to obtain the target reference speed value of the pump at the current head value; the preset data table includes multiple preset speeds, each preset speed is associated with multiple head values, and each head value corresponds to a set of guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value and pump efficiency value; the pump efficiency value characterizes the efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting the input grid electrical energy into water potential energy.

[0130] The second processing unit 503 is used to determine the current reference speed value of the water pump and the speed setting value of the water pump based on the current operating status of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value.

[0131] The third processing unit 504 is used to determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value, and the preset data table.

[0132] The control unit 505 is used to determine the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the current reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value, and the preset data table.

[0133] In other embodiments, the second processing unit 503 is specifically used for: If the variable speed pumped storage unit is in the process of switching from pumping phase adjustment mode to pumping mode, the target reference speed value will be used as the reference speed value of the current water pump.

[0134] If the target reference speed value is less than the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the pumping pressure building speed threshold will be used as the pump speed setting value.

[0135] If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the pumping pressure building speed threshold, then the speed limit range of the pump corresponding to the current head value is obtained; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit value and the lower speed limit value; the pumping pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit range.

[0136] If the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, then the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the target reference speed value is less than the upper speed limit value, then the target reference speed value is determined to be the speed setting value.

[0137] or, If the variable speed pumped storage unit is in steady-state operation under pumping conditions, then obtain the current pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit.

[0138] Obtain the pump efficiency value of the current variable speed pumped storage unit.

[0139] If the pump efficiency value is less than the preset efficiency threshold, or if the current head value is less than the historical head value of the previous cycle, and the time since the last update of the current pump's reference speed value is greater than the preset time threshold, then the current pump's reference speed value will be updated to the target reference speed value; otherwise, the current pump's reference speed value will remain unchanged.

[0140] Based on the current reference speed value and the speed adjustment value of the water pump, the speed setting value of the water pump is obtained; the speed adjustment value is used to adjust the fluctuation of the power grid frequency.

[0141] In other embodiments, the first processing unit 502 is specifically used for: Obtain the pump speed limit range corresponding to the current head value; the speed limit range includes the upper speed limit and the lower speed limit; the pumping pressure building speed threshold is within the speed limit range.

[0142] Using the preset speeds in the preset data table that are within the speed limit range as candidate speeds, the following steps are performed for each candidate speed to obtain the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed under the current head value: Based on a preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with candidate rotational speeds, the head value that is less than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the lower head limit, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the upper head limit.

[0143] Obtain the pump efficiency values ​​corresponding to the lower head limit and the upper head limit respectively, and determine the efficiency difference between the pump efficiency value corresponding to the upper head limit and the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower head limit.

[0144] Based on the first difference between the current head value and the lower head limit, and the second difference between the upper head value and the lower head limit, a first interpolation coefficient is determined. The first interpolation coefficient is the ratio between the first difference and the second difference.

[0145] The product of the first interpolation coefficient and the efficiency difference is determined as the first product, and the sum of the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower limit of the head and the first product is taken as the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at the candidate speed under the current head value.

[0146] After obtaining the equivalent pump efficiency values ​​of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed under the current head value, the candidate speed corresponding to the largest equivalent pump efficiency value is taken as the target reference speed value.

[0147] In other embodiments, the third processing unit 504 is specifically used for: In the preset data table, find the preset speed that is closest to the current water pump's reference speed value, and set the preset speed as the first target speed.

[0148] In the preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with the first target speed, the head value that is less than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the first lower limit value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the first upper limit value.

[0149] Obtain the guide vane opening values ​​corresponding to the first lower limit and the first upper limit respectively, and determine the guide vane opening difference between the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first upper limit and the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit.

[0150] The second interpolation coefficient is determined based on the third difference between the current head value and the first lower limit value, and the fourth difference between the first upper limit value and the first lower limit value. The second interpolation coefficient is the ratio of the third difference to the fourth difference.

[0151] The product of the second interpolation coefficient and the difference between the guide vane opening is determined as the second product, and the sum of the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit value and the second product is used as the guide vane opening setting value.

[0152] In other embodiments, the second processing unit 503 is further configured to: The speed adjustment value is superimposed with the current reference speed value of the water pump to obtain the candidate speed setting value; If the candidate speed setting value is less than or equal to the lower speed limit value, then the lower speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, then the upper speed limit value is determined to be the speed setting value; if the candidate speed setting value is less than the upper speed limit value but greater than the lower speed limit value, then the candidate speed setting value is determined to be the speed setting value.

[0153] In other embodiments, prior to the first processing unit 502, the above-described apparatus further includes a fourth processing unit for: Based on the design and operation characteristics of variable speed pumped storage units, multiple preset speeds are set.

[0154] For each preset rotational speed, multiple discrete head values ​​are determined, and for each head value, the corresponding guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value are determined.

[0155] The corresponding relationships between multiple preset rotational speeds, multiple head values ​​corresponding to each preset rotational speed, and guide vane opening value, flow rate, pumping force value, and pump efficiency value corresponding to each head value are stored as a preset data table.

[0156] In other embodiments, the above-described apparatus further includes a fifth processing unit for: In the preset data table, find the preset speed that is closest to the speed setting value, and set the preset speed as the second target speed.

[0157] In the preset data table, from multiple head values ​​associated with the second target speed, the head value that is less than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the second lower limit value, and the head value that is greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value is found as the second upper limit value.

[0158] Obtain the pumping force values ​​corresponding to the second lower limit and the second upper limit respectively, and determine the pumping force difference between the pumping force value corresponding to the second upper limit and the pumping force value corresponding to the second lower limit.

[0159] The pumping inflow interpolation coefficient is determined based on the fifth difference between the current head value and the second lower limit value, and the sixth difference between the second upper limit value and the second lower limit value. The pumping inflow interpolation coefficient is the ratio of the fifth difference to the sixth difference.

[0160] The product of the pumping inflow interpolation coefficient and the difference in pumping inflow is determined as the third product, and the sum of the pumping inflow value corresponding to the second lower limit value and the third product is determined as the expected pumping inflow value; the expected pumping inflow value is used to determine whether the variable speed pumped storage unit can be switched to a different mode.

[0161] In response to the command to switch the operating mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit, if the absolute value of the difference between the actual pumping force and the expected pumping force is less than a preset threshold, the operating control mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit will be switched from power control mode to pump efficiency control mode.

[0162] The variable-speed pumped storage unit control device provided in this application embodiment can execute the method shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects can be referred to the relevant description in the method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0163] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device includes a memory 601 and at least one processor 602.

[0164] The memory 601 stores computer program code, which includes computer instructions. These computer instructions run in the described electronic device to implement the method shown in the above-described method embodiments. For example, the memory may include high-speed random access memory (RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device, and may also be a USB flash drive, portable hard drive, read-only memory, disk, or optical disc, etc.

[0165] Processor 602 can be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. Processor 602 can also be other general-purpose processors. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0166] The memory 601 and processor 602 are communicatively connected. For example, the memory 601 can be connected to the processor 602 via a system bus and communicate with it. The system bus can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, etc. The system bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the figure, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0167] Optionally, the memory 601 can be either standalone or integrated with the processor 602. When the memory 601 is set up independently, it is connected to the processor 602 via a system bus.

[0168] This application also provides a chip for executing instructions, which is used to execute the technical solution of the variable speed pumped storage unit control method in the above embodiments.

[0169] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions. When these computer instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the technical solution of the variable-speed pumped-storage unit control method described in the above embodiments. Specifically, when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the electronic device can execute the technical solution of the variable-speed pumped-storage unit control method described in the above embodiments.

[0170] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium. At least one processor can read the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium. When the at least one processor executes the computer program, it can implement the technical solution of the variable speed pumped storage unit control method in the above embodiments.

[0171] The aforementioned computer-readable storage media can be implemented from any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The computer-readable storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0172] An exemplary computer-readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the computer-readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the computer-readable storage medium can reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the computer-readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in an electronic control unit or main control device; this application embodiment does not impose limitations on this.

[0173] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0174] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to implement the solution of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0175] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one unit. The unit composed of the above modules can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0176] The integrated modules described above, implemented as software functional modules, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. These software functional modules, stored in a storage medium, include several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute some steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application.

[0177] It should be understood that the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0178] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0179] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A variable speed pumped storage unit control method, characterized by, The method comprises: acquiring a current head value between an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir in a current period; based on the current head value and a preset data table, optimizing the speed of the water pump to obtain a target reference speed value of the water pump under the current head value, so as to optimize the pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit; the preset data table comprises a plurality of preset speeds, each preset speed is associated with a plurality of head values, and each head value corresponds to a group of guide vane opening values, flow, pumped power values and pump efficiency values; the pump efficiency value represents the efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting input grid power into water potential energy; based on the current operating state of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value, determining the reference speed value of the water pump and the speed setting value of the water pump; determining the guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit according to the reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value and the preset data table; controlling the speed of the water pump based on the speed setting value and controlling the guide vane opening of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the guide vane opening setting value.

2. The variable speed pumped storage unit control method of claim 1, wherein, The method comprises: if the variable speed pumped storage unit is in the process of switching from pumped power factor correction condition to pumped condition, the target reference speed value is taken as the reference speed value of the water pump; if the target reference speed value is less than the pumped pressure building speed threshold, the pumped pressure building speed threshold is taken as the speed setting value of the water pump; if the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the pumped pressure building speed threshold, the speed limit interval of the water pump corresponding to the current head value is acquired; the speed limit interval comprises an upper speed limit value and a lower speed limit value; the pumped pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit interval; if the target reference speed value is greater than or equal to the upper speed limit value, the upper speed limit value is determined as the speed setting value; if the target reference speed value is less than the upper speed limit value, the target reference speed value is determined as the speed setting value; or, if the variable speed pumped storage unit is in the steady state of pumped condition, the pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit is acquired; acquiring the pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit; if the pump efficiency value is less than the preset efficiency threshold, or the current head value is less than the historical head value of the previous period, and the last update time of the reference speed value of the current water pump is greater than the preset time threshold from the current time, the reference speed value of the current water pump is updated to the target reference speed value, otherwise, the reference speed value of the current water pump remains unchanged; the speed setting value of the water pump is obtained according to the reference speed value of the water pump and the speed adjustment value of the water pump; the speed adjustment value is used to adjust the grid frequency fluctuation.

3. The variable speed pumped storage unit control method of claim 1, wherein, The pump efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit is optimized based on the current head value and a preset data table, and the speed of the pump is optimized to obtain a target reference speed value of the pump under the current head value, including: obtaining a speed limit interval of the pump corresponding to the current head value; the speed limit interval includes an upper limit value of the speed and a lower limit value of the speed; the pumping and pressure building speed threshold is within the range of the speed limit interval; a preset speed in the preset data table within the speed limit interval is taken as a candidate speed, and for each candidate speed, the following steps are performed to obtain the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed under the current head value: based on the preset data table, from the multiple head values associated with the candidate speed, find the head value that is less than the current head value and is closest to the current head value as the lower limit value of the head, and find the head value that is greater than the current head value and is closest to the current head value as the upper limit value of the head; respectively obtain the pump efficiency values corresponding to the lower limit value of the head and the upper limit value of the head, and determine the efficiency difference value between the pump efficiency value corresponding to the upper limit value of the head and the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower limit value of the head; determine a first interpolation coefficient according to a first difference between the current head value and the lower limit value of the head and a second difference between the upper limit value of the head and the lower limit value of the head, the first interpolation coefficient being a ratio between the first difference and the second difference; determine the product of the first interpolation coefficient and the efficiency difference value as a first product, and take the sum of the pump efficiency value corresponding to the lower limit value of the head and the first product as the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at the candidate speed under the current head value; After obtaining the equivalent pump efficiency value of the variable speed pumped storage unit at each candidate speed under the current head value, the candidate speed corresponding to the maximum equivalent pump efficiency value is taken as the target reference speed value.

4. The variable speed pumped storage unit control method of claim 1, wherein, The guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit is determined according to the current reference speed value of the pump, the current head value and the preset data table, including: in the preset data table, find a preset speed closest to the current reference speed value of the pump, and determine the preset speed as a first target speed; in the preset data table, from the multiple head values associated with the first target speed, find a head value that is less than the current head value and is closest to the current head value as a first lower limit value, and find a head value that is greater than the current head value and is closest to the current head value as a first upper limit value; respectively obtain the guide vane opening values corresponding to the first lower limit value and the first upper limit value, and determine the guide vane opening difference value between the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first upper limit value and the guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit value; determine a second interpolation coefficient according to a third difference between the current head value and the first lower limit value and a fourth difference between the first upper limit value and the first lower limit value, the second interpolation coefficient being a ratio of the third difference to the fourth difference; determine a second product of the second interpolation coefficient and the guide vane opening difference value, and take a sum of a guide vane opening value corresponding to the first lower limit value and the second product as the guide vane opening setting value.

5. The variable speed pumped storage unit control method of claim 2, wherein, The method further comprises: superimpose the speed regulation value and the current reference speed value of the water pump to obtain a speed candidate setting value; if the speed candidate setting value is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the speed, determine the lower limit value of the speed as the speed setting value; if the speed candidate setting value is greater than or equal to the upper limit value of the speed, determine the upper limit value of the speed as the speed setting value; if the speed candidate setting value is less than the upper limit value of the speed and greater than the lower limit value of the speed, determine the speed candidate setting value as the speed setting value.

6. The variable speed pumped storage plant control method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, Before the step of optimizing the speed of the water pump based on the current head value and the preset data table and aiming at optimizing the water pump efficiency of the variable-speed pumped storage unit, the method further comprises: set a plurality of preset speeds based on the design operation characteristics of the variable-speed pumped storage unit; for each preset speed, determine a plurality of discrete head values, and determine corresponding guide vane opening values, flow values, pumping input values and water pump efficiency values for each head value; store the correspondence between the plurality of preset speeds, the plurality of head values corresponding to each preset speed, and the guide vane opening values, flow values, pumping input values and water pump efficiency values corresponding to each head value as the preset data table.

7. The variable speed pumped storage plant control method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The method further comprises: in the preset data table, find a preset speed closest to the speed setting value, and determine the preset speed as a second target speed; in the preset data table, find a head value less than the current head value and closest to the current head value from a plurality of head values associated with the second target speed as a second lower limit value, and find a head value greater than the current head value and closest to the current head value as a second upper limit value; respectively obtain pumping input values corresponding to the second lower limit value and the second upper limit value, and determine a pumping input difference value between the pumping input value corresponding to the second upper limit value and the pumping input value corresponding to the second lower limit value; determine a pumping input interpolation coefficient according to a fifth difference between the current head value and the second lower limit value and a sixth difference between the second upper limit value and the second lower limit value, the pumping input interpolation coefficient being a ratio of the fifth difference to the sixth difference; determining a third product of the pumping input interpolation coefficient and the pumping input difference value, and determining a sum of a pumping input value corresponding to the second lower limit value and the third product as an expected pumping input value; the expected pumping input value is used to determine whether the variable speed pumped storage unit can be mode switched; in response to a switching instruction for the operating mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit, if an absolute value of a difference between an actual pumping input value and the expected pumping input value is less than a preset threshold value, switching the operating control mode of the variable speed pumped storage unit from the power control mode to the water pump efficiency control mode.

8. A variable speed pumped storage unit control apparatus, characterized by, The device comprises: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a current head value between an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir in a current period; a first processing unit configured to, based on the current head value and a preset data table, optimize a speed of a water pump of a variable speed pumped storage unit to obtain a target reference speed value of the water pump under the current head value, the preset data table comprising a plurality of preset speeds, each preset speed being associated with a plurality of head values, each head value corresponding to a set of guide vane opening values, flow, pumping input value and water pump efficiency value, the water pump efficiency value representing an efficiency of the variable speed pumped storage unit in converting input grid power into water potential energy; a second processing unit configured to determine a reference speed value of the water pump and a speed setting value of the water pump based on a current operating state of the variable speed pumped storage unit and the target reference speed value; a third processing unit configured to determine a guide vane opening setting value of the variable speed pumped storage unit according to the reference speed value of the water pump, the current head value and the preset data table; a control unit configured to control the speed of the water pump based on the speed setting value and control a guide vane opening of the variable speed pumped storage unit based on the guide vane opening setting value.

9. An electronic device, comprising: comprise: a memory and at least one processor; the memory is in communication connection with the processor; the memory is configured to store computer program codes, the computer program codes comprising computer instructions; when the processor executes the computer instructions, the electronic device executes the variable speed pumped storage unit control method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are executed by a processor to implement the variable speed pumped storage unit control method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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