Moderate intelligent control method for edible mushroom and pleurotus eryngii culture workshop

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, in particular to a moderate intelligent control method for an edible mushroom and pleurotus eryngii cultivation workshop, which comprises a sensing grid unit, an execution unit, a control unit and a man-machine interaction unit, and further comprises the following steps: S1, partitioning and initializing; s2, data acquisition and monitoring; s3, performing partition decision and control; s4, performing stage conversion and linkage early warning; and S5, alarming and data recording. The workshop is divided into a plurality of independent control areas, and longitudinal and transverse sensor grids are deployed in each area, so that the defect that the whole workshop is regarded as a single and uniform environment in a traditional method is overcome, the system can sense and eliminate temperature and humidity gradients at different positions, independent and accurate regulation and control of the microenvironment of each area are realized, and the control accuracy of the whole workshop is improved. All mushrooms can grow under the optimal condition, and the uniformity, the commodity rate and the overall quality of the pleurotus eryngii are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mushroom cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for intelligent control of a cultivation workshop for the edible mushroom king oyster mushroom. Background Technology

[0002] Factory cultivation of king oyster mushrooms has become the mainstream model. Their growth quality is highly dependent on environmental parameters within the cultivation workshop, primarily including temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and light. Currently, existing control methods typically treat the entire cultivation workshop as a uniform environment, deploying sensors at a few points and centrally controlling the start / stop of equipment such as air conditioners, humidifiers, and fresh air systems based on the average values ​​from these points. However, due to the multi-layered structure of the cultivation racks, longitudinal and lateral obstructions, and the irrational organization of airflow, the actual microenvironment varies significantly in different areas of the workshop. Mushrooms in airflow dead zones or on different shelves receive different environmental stimuli, leading to uneven fruiting and inconsistent quality, severely impacting marketability and economic benefits. Furthermore, the environmental parameter requirements for king oyster mushrooms differ drastically at different growth stages. For example, the budding stage requires high humidity and temperature difference stimulation, while the fruiting stage requires lower CO2 concentrations to promote stipe elongation. Existing centralized control methods cannot meet the optimal needs of each stage, limiting yield and quality.

[0003] Therefore, a moderately intelligent control method for the cultivation workshop of edible mushroom king oyster mushroom is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation workshop for edible mushrooms, specifically king oyster mushrooms.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for intelligent control of a cultivation workshop for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom), comprising a sensor grid unit, an execution unit, a control unit, and a human-machine interaction unit. The sensor grid unit is used to collect environmental parameters of various areas within the workshop in real time. The sensor grid unit includes multiple temperature and humidity sensors, multiple CO2 sensors, and multiple light sensors. The workshop is logically divided into several independent control areas, preferably divided by cultivation racks. Each control area is equipped with at least three sets of temperature and humidity sensors, respectively deployed on the upper, middle, and lower layers of the cultivation racks in that area, for monitoring the longitudinal environmental gradient. A CO2 sensor and a light sensor are also installed at the center of each control area. The execution unit is used to adjust the workshop environment. The execution unit includes a global execution device and a zone execution device. The global execution device includes a chiller, a heater, and a dehumidifier, used to adjust the overall environment of the workshop. The environmental control panel includes zoned execution devices such as spray pipes and solenoid valves installed at the top of each control zone, electric air valves installed on the supply and return air ducts of each control zone, and LED supplementary lighting strips independently configured for each control zone. The control unit is the core processing unit, with its signal input terminal communicating with the sensor grid unit and its signal output terminal controlling the execution unit. The control unit adopts a PLC and has pre-stored ideal environmental parameter curves for different growth stages of king oyster mushrooms. The control unit is configured to receive data from each sensor, calculate the average or characteristic value of environmental parameters in each control zone, compare it with the target value of the current growth stage, generate control commands based on the comparison results, independently control the actions of each zoned execution device, and coordinate the global execution device. The human-machine interface unit is connected to the control unit to display real-time environmental data, equipment status, alarm information, and receive manual commands and parameter settings.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the following steps are also included: S1, Partitioning and Initialization: The cultivation chamber is divided into N logical control areas, and sensors and execution units are configured in each area. The target environmental parameter curves and control strategies for each growth stage of king oyster mushroom are preset in the control unit; S2, Data Acquisition and Monitoring: Temperature and humidity data, CO2 concentration and light intensity data of the upper, middle and lower layers of each control area are collected in real time; S3, Partition Decision and Control: The control unit executes the following partition control logic according to the current growth stage: For temperature regulation, the average temperature of all areas is used as the main input to control global equipment such as chillers and heaters. At the same time, for each area, the average temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and light requirements of that area are detected, and the corresponding execution units are controlled; S4, Stage Transition and Linkage Early Warning: When it is necessary to switch growth stages, the command is issued through the human-machine interaction unit, and the control unit automatically loads the parameter curves and control strategies for the next stage; S5, Alarm and Data Recording: When any parameter exceeds the safety threshold or the equipment malfunctions, the system issues multi-level alarms through the human-machine interaction unit and records all historical data for traceability and analysis.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 further includes the following steps: S1.1 Logical control area division: Based on the physical layout of the culture racks, the large culture room is logically divided into several control areas. The division results are entered into the configuration software of the control unit and the monitoring interface of the human-machine interaction unit in the form of a digital map; S1.2 Sensor deployment: A complete sensor group is configured for each control area, and its precise installation position is specified. Each sensor group is configured with three temperature and humidity sensors, one CO2 sensor, and one light sensor. The three temperature and humidity sensors are fixed on the upper, middle, and lower layers of a representative culture rack in the area, respectively. The CO2 sensor is installed at the geographical center of the area, and the light sensor is installed on the middle layer of the culture rack at the center of the area; S1.3 Execution unit configuration and calibration: Each area is equipped with a solenoid valve to control the on / off of the spray pipe in the area. Each area is equipped with Two electric air valve actuators are installed, and LED supplementary lighting strips are configured in the area. An anemometer is used to measure the air outlet, record the curve of the relationship between opening degree and air volume, and input it into the system; S1.4, Control parameter initialization: In the control unit, three main growth stage templates are created: mycelium growth stage, bud induction stage, and mushroom cultivation stage. The following target parameters and their allowable fluctuation range are set for each stage template. The corresponding control algorithm is activated for each stage, and a default duration is set for each stage. The system can remind the stage transition based on a timer, but the final transition must be manually triggered after confirmation by technicians; S1.5, System configuration and mapping: In the programming software of the control unit, a control area database is established, including the number of each area, the list of sensor addresses contained therein, and the corresponding output address of the actuator. In the configuration software of the human-machine interaction unit, a workshop floor plan is drawn, each control area is graphically represented, and its link with the background database is established.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 further includes the following steps: S2.1 Periodic data acquisition process: The system performs a global polling acquisition of all sensors at a fixed time period until all sensors have been read; S2.2 Data processing and area value calculation: After converting the engineering value, the program checks whether the value is within a reasonable physical range. If it exceeds this range, the sensor data is deemed invalid, and a "data anomaly" alarm is triggered; S2.3 Real-time monitoring and visualization: The processed data is displayed in real time in various forms through a human-machine interaction unit to achieve monitoring functionality; S2.4 Data recording and storage: All collected raw data, calculated area values, alarm events, and equipment status changes are automatically recorded. Each record includes a timestamp, area number, parameter type, parameter value, and unit. The stored historical data is used for trend analysis, report generation, and fault tracing.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, S3 further includes the following steps: S3.1 Control architecture and setpoint management: The control unit maintains a global stage variable to identify the current growth stage. Each stage corresponds to a set of environmental target setpoints and control parameters that are pre-initialized in S1. For stages that require diurnal temperature difference, the system has a built-in real-time clock, and the control program will automatically switch the target temperature setpoints for day and night according to the time; S3.2 Multi-parameter, multi-loop partition control logic: Calculate the global average temperature, obtain the average temperature and average humidity of each area, obtain the CO2 concentration value of each area, and use time sequence control for illumination control to control the corresponding execution units; S3.3 Control output execution and feedback: The control unit sends a switch signal through the digital output module and a signal through the analog output module. The damper execution unit usually has a feedback signal. The system reads its actual opening feedback signal and compares it with the command opening.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, S4 further includes the following steps: S4.1, Stage transition triggering mechanism: The system sets a maximum process duration timer for each growth stage. When the timer expires, the system will not immediately switch stages, but will generate a high-priority reminder event on the human-machine interaction unit. The system can manually click on the human-machine interaction unit to start the transition process earlier or later; S4.2, Multi-stage transition strategy execution: Once the transition is confirmed, the system loads the complete parameter set of the target stage from the database; S4.3, Linked early warning and protection mechanism: During the entire operation, the system continuously runs the background early warning logic, and the system monitors the status feedback and current value of all key execution units; S4.4, Transition confirmation and data recording: The system displays a prompt on the human-machine interaction unit, and the system completely saves the start point, end point, all environmental parameter curves, early warning events, manual operation records, etc. of the stage transition to the historical database.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, S5 further includes the following steps: S5.1 Multi-level alarm management mechanism: The system adopts a priority-based multi-level alarm mechanism. All alarm conditions are logically judged in the PLC program, and the program sets a delay trigger timer and dead zone for the alarm conditions; S5.2 Multi-form alarm notification strategy: The system adopts multiple notification methods, which can be configured based on the alarm level; S5.3 Alarm linkage and safety response: In emergency situations, the preset safety strategy is automatically executed to prevent the situation from escalating. The linkage logic is pre-written in the PLC program in the form of function blocks; S5.4 Full-process data recording and storage: The system records all key data with timestamps throughout the entire cycle at high density; S5.5 Data application and traceability: Technicians can query historical trend curves of any time period and any parameter on the human-machine interaction unit or the host computer.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that this invention can achieve are: 1. By dividing the workshop into multiple independent control areas and deploying longitudinal and transverse sensor grids in each area, the drawback of the traditional method of treating the entire workshop as a single uniform environment is overcome. The system can sense and eliminate temperature and humidity gradients at different locations, and achieve independent and precise control of the microenvironment of each area, ensuring that all mushrooms can grow under optimal conditions, which greatly improves the uniformity, marketability and overall quality of king oyster mushrooms.

[0013] 2. The control strategy of this invention is deeply adapted to the special needs of each growth stage of king oyster mushroom. The system can automatically execute the diurnal temperature difference stimulation and high humidity stimulation during the bud induction period, and prioritize ensuring extremely low CO2 concentration during the fruiting period, thereby achieving intelligent management that meets physiological needs. It can effectively shorten the growth cycle, improve the biological conversion rate, and thus achieve stable yield increase.

[0014] 3. The system records all environmental parameters, equipment status, and manual operations, establishing a complete growth record for each batch of mushrooms. Through historical data backtracking and trend analysis, the root causes of problems such as pollution and uneven growth can be quickly identified. At the same time, by comparing yield data under different environmental parameters, cultivation process parameters can be continuously iterated and optimized.

[0015] 4. This invention does not pursue unmanned operation, but focuses on the automation and intelligent assistance of key links. The system automatically handles tedious environmental control work, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of technicians and human error. At the same time, it retains the manual confirmation link for important decisions. It adopts a modular design and a phased implementation strategy, allowing users to prioritize the transformation of core areas according to their investment budget. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system configuration of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow for partitioning and initialization in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the method for data acquisition and monitoring in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the method for partition decision-making and control in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the method for step-stage transition and linkage early warning in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the alarm and data recording method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described herein without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0018] Example: Figure 1 As shown, a moderate intelligent control method for a cultivation workshop of king oyster mushrooms includes a sensor grid unit, an execution unit, a control unit, and a human-machine interaction unit.

[0019] The sensor grid unit is used to collect environmental parameters of various areas in the workshop in real time. The sensor grid unit includes multiple temperature and humidity sensors, multiple CO2 sensors and multiple light sensors. The workshop is logically divided into several independent control areas, preferably divided by culture racks. Each control area is equipped with at least three sets of temperature and humidity sensors, which are deployed on the upper, middle and lower layers of the culture racks in that area to monitor the longitudinal environmental gradient. A CO2 sensor and a light sensor are also set at the center of each control area.

[0020] The execution unit is used to regulate the workshop environment. The execution unit includes global execution equipment and zone execution equipment. The global execution equipment includes chiller, heater and dehumidifier, which are used to regulate the overall environment of the workshop. The zone execution equipment includes spray pipes and solenoid valves installed on the top of each control area, electric air valves installed on the air supply and return pipes of each control area, and LED supplementary lighting strips configured independently for each control area.

[0021] The control unit is the core processing unit. Its signal input terminal is communicatively connected to the sensor grid unit, and its signal output terminal is controlled by the execution unit. The control unit adopts a PLC. The control unit has pre-stored ideal environmental parameter curves for different growth stages of king oyster mushrooms. The control unit is configured to receive data from each sensor, calculate the average or characteristic value of environmental parameters in each control area, compare it with the target value of the current growth stage, generate control commands based on the comparison results, independently control the actions of the execution equipment in each zone, and coordinate the control of the global execution equipment.

[0022] The human-machine interface unit is connected to the control unit and is used to display real-time environmental data, equipment status, alarm information, and receive manual commands and parameter settings.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, it also includes the following steps: S1. Zoning and Initialization: The cultivation room is divided into N logical control areas, and sensors and execution units are configured in each area. The target environmental parameter curves and control strategies for each growth stage of king oyster mushroom are preset in the control unit.

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, S1 further includes the following steps: S1.1 Logical Control Zone Division: Based on the physical layout of the cultivation racks, large cultivation workshops are logically divided into several control zones. Priority is given to grouping cultivation racks located within the same air supply or return vent coverage area and with similar airflow characteristics into the same zone. One or two physically adjacent cultivation racks are grouped into one control zone. For a standard workshop with several rows of cultivation racks, each row is typically considered an independent control zone. If a single row is too long, it can be further subdivided into two zones. The number of cultivation packs included in each control zone should be controlled to ensure the safety of the area. The environment is adjustable and uniform, avoiding areas that are too large and lose their meaning, or too small and become too costly. The division method is as follows: using the building drawings of the workshop or conducting on-site surveys, a floor plan of the cultivation workshop is drawn. The location of all equipment such as cultivation racks, air supply ducts, return air ducts, air conditioning indoor units, and humidifiers is accurately marked on the drawing. Based on the above division principles, the workshop is divided into N rectangular control areas on the layout drawing using virtual boundaries, and each area is given a unique number. This division result will be entered into the configuration software of the control unit and the monitoring interface of the human-machine interaction unit in the form of a digital map, serving as the basis for system identification and display.

[0025] S1.2 Sensor Deployment: Configure a complete sensor group for each control area and specify its precise installation location. Each sensor group is configured with three temperature and humidity sensors, one CO2 sensor, and one light sensor. The three temperature and humidity sensors are fixed on the upper, middle, and lower layers of a representative culture rack in the area. The upper layer sensor is installed at the position of the 2nd-3rd spawn bag from the top of the rack, avoiding direct contact with the top plate. The middle layer sensor is installed at the middle height in the vertical direction of the rack. The lower layer sensor is installed at the position of the 2nd-3rd spawn bag from the ground. During installation, the sensor probe should be exposed to the air and should not be in direct contact with the spawn bag or the rack, and should avoid the direct airflow path of the spray nozzle and air vent. The CO2 sensor is installed at the geographical center of the area, at the same height as the middle of the spawn bag. The light sensor is installed on the middle layer of the culture rack at the center of the area, with the photosensitive surface facing upwards, to ensure that it can detect the light from the supplemental lighting.

[0026] S1.3 Execution Unit Configuration and Calibration: Each area is equipped with a normally closed two-position two-way solenoid valve to control the on / off of the spray pipe in that area. This pipe is connected to the main pipe of the high-pressure micro-mist humidification system. Each area is equipped with two electric air valve execution units, one installed on the supply air branch pipe supplying air to that area and the other installed on the return air branch pipe. The air valve execution units support analog control to adjust the air valve opening. LED supplementary lighting strips are configured in each area. All light strips in each area are connected to the same AC contactor, and their unified on / off is controlled by a digital output point of the control unit. After the system is first started or after maintenance, the execution units need to be calibrated. Manually operate the human-machine interface unit to adjust the supply and return air valves of each area step by step from 0% to 100%. Use an anemometer to measure at the air outlet, record the curve of the relationship between the opening and the air volume, and enter it into the system to achieve precise control of the air volume. Test whether the opening and closing of each solenoid valve is normal and whether the spray is smooth.

[0027] S1.4 Control Parameter Initialization: In the control unit, create templates for three main growth stages: mycelium growth, bud induction, and mushroom cultivation. Set the following target parameters and their allowable fluctuation ranges for each stage template. For example, mycelium growth stage: target temperature 24℃ (range 23-25℃), target humidity 75%RH (range 70-80%RH), target CO2 < 2000ppm, light 0Lux; bud induction stage: daytime target temperature 18℃, nighttime target temperature 13℃, target humidity 93%RH (range 90-95%RH), target CO2 < 1500ppm, light 12 hours / day (e.g., 08:00-20:00), light... Illumination intensity 200 Lux; Mushroom cultivation period: target temperature 17℃ (range 16-18℃), target humidity 88%RH (range 85-90%RH), target CO2 < 800ppm, light exposure 8 hours / day, light intensity 200 Lux; Select and activate the corresponding control algorithm for each stage, for example, activate "temperature difference control logic" and "anti-condensation logic" during the bud induction period, and set "CO2 control priority" to the highest during the mushroom cultivation period; Set the default duration for each stage, for example, 30 days for the mycelium growth period, 5 days for the bud induction period, and 15 days for the mushroom cultivation period. The system can remind you of stage transitions based on timers, but the final transition must be manually triggered after confirmation by technicians.

[0028] S1.5 System Configuration and Mapping: In the programming software of the control unit, establish a control area database, including the number of each area, the list of sensor addresses contained therein, and the corresponding output address of the execution unit. In the configuration software of the human-machine interaction unit, draw the workshop floor plan, graphically represent each control area, and establish its link with the background database to realize data visualization. Perform system communication tests to ensure that all sensor data can be read correctly and all execution units can act correctly according to instructions.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, S2, Data Acquisition and Monitoring: Real-time acquisition of temperature and humidity data, as well as CO2 concentration and light intensity data for the upper, middle and lower layers of each control area.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, S2 further includes the following steps: S2.1 Periodic Data Acquisition Process: The system performs a global polling acquisition of all sensors at a fixed time period. This is primarily initiated by a timer interrupt program or a loop organization block within the control unit. The PLC, acting as a Modbus master, sequentially sends data read frames to the RS485 bus according to the sensor address mapping table pre-configured in the data block. The corresponding sensors, acting as slaves, return a response frame containing their measurement data upon receiving the correct instruction. The PLC's communication module receives the response frame and performs CRC verification. The PLC program calls a pre-written conversion function block to convert the received raw values ​​into physically meaningful engineering values ​​according to the formula provided by the sensor manufacturer. The system repeats these steps until all sensors have been read. If a sensor fails to respond within a predetermined time, the PLC records a communication timeout error and attempts to resend the instruction. After three failed attempts, the sensor's status is marked as faulty, and an alarm is triggered, but the acquisition of data from other normal sensors is not interrupted.

[0031] S2.2 Data Processing and Area Value Calculation: After converting the engineering values, the program checks whether the values ​​are within a reasonable physical range. If they exceed this range, the sensor data is deemed invalid, and a "data anomaly" alarm is triggered. The area temperature value is taken as the arithmetic mean of the valid data from the upper, middle, and lower temperature sensors within the area. The area humidity value is taken as the arithmetic mean of the valid data from the three humidity sensors within the area. The area CO2 value and area illumination value are directly taken from the readings of the CO2 sensor and illumination sensor within the area. The system additionally calculates the longitudinal temperature gradient and humidity gradient of each area to assess the uniformity of airflow in the area. If the gradient is continuously too large, it can warn management personnel to check the air valves in the area or whether there is any blockage.

[0032] S2.3 Real-time Monitoring and Visualization: The processed data is displayed in real time in various forms through the human-computer interaction unit to realize the monitoring function. The diagram shows the floor plan of the workshop. Each logical control area on the diagram is an interactive graphic element. The average temperature and humidity of each area are dynamically displayed. Color coding is used to indicate the status: green when the value is within the target range, yellow when it is close to the upper or lower limit, and red and flashing when it exceeds the limit. Clicking on any area on the overview interface will take you to the details interface of that area. This interface displays the detailed data of all sensors in that area, as well as the calculated average and gradient values, in both numerical and trend curve formats. It also displays the real-time status of the execution units in that area (such as the air valve opening of 65%, the spray valve closed, and the supplementary light closed). An alarm bar is set in a fixed area of ​​the screen (such as the bottom), which scrolls the latest alarm information in real time.

[0033] S2.4 Data Recording and Storage: All collected raw data, calculated area values, alarm events, and equipment status changes are automatically recorded. The PLC periodically writes the data into its internal persistent data block or uploads it to the host computer database for long-term storage via communication. Each record includes a timestamp, area number, parameter type, parameter value, and unit. The stored historical data is used for trend analysis, report generation, and fault tracing.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, S3, Zone Decision and Control: The control unit executes the following zone control logic based on the current growth stage: For temperature regulation, the average temperature of all zones is used as the main input to control global equipment such as chillers and heaters. At the same time, for each zone, the average temperature of that zone is compared with the target value. If the temperature of a zone is too high, the opening of the air supply valve in that zone is increased to increase the amount of cold air. If the temperature is too low, the opening is decreased. For humidity regulation, for each zone, the average humidity of that zone is compared with the target value. If the humidity of a zone is lower than the set lower limit, the corresponding spray solenoid valve in that zone is activated for local humidification. If the humidity is too high, the air valve in that zone is adjusted and the dehumidifier is activated. For CO2 concentration regulation, for each zone, if the CO2 concentration of a zone is higher than the set upper limit, the opening of the fresh air valve in that zone is increased first to force local ventilation. During the mushroom cultivation period, CO2 concentration control is the highest priority task. For light regulation, for each zone, the LED supplementary lighting strip in that zone is turned on and off at preset daily light durations.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, S3 further includes the following steps: S3.1 Control Architecture and Setpoint Management: The control unit maintains a global stage variable to identify the current growth stage. Each stage corresponds to a set of environmental target setpoints and control parameters that are pre-initialized in S1. When technicians switch growth stages through the human-machine interface, the control unit automatically loads all target values ​​corresponding to that stage. For stages such as the budding period that require diurnal temperature differences, the system has a built-in real-time clock, and the control program will automatically switch the daytime and nighttime target temperature setpoints according to the time.

[0036] S3.2 Multi-parameter, multi-loop zone control logic: Calculates the global average temperature and compares it with the target temperature from the previous stage. If the global average temperature remains higher, it increases the output frequency of the chiller unit or starts more compressors to lower the chilled water temperature. If it remains lower, it starts the heater or reduces the power of the chiller unit, thereby maintaining the overall stability of the room environment and laying the foundation for fine-grained zone control. It also acquires the average temperature of each zone and uses a proportional-integral control algorithm to control the opening of the electric damper on the air supply branch pipe of that zone. If the average temperature is greater than the target temperature, it increases the pressure proportionally to the deviation. A large air supply valve opening delivers more cool air to the area, achieving localized cooling. Conversely, a smaller opening reduces the air supply valve opening in that area, decreasing the inflow of cool air and allowing the temperature to naturally rise due to the heat generated by mycelial respiration, achieving localized insulation. This solves the temperature difference problem caused by different locations within the room; warmer areas receive more cooling, while cooler areas receive less cooling, ultimately making all areas' temperatures more uniform and close to the set point. The average humidity of each area is acquired, and the solenoid valves on the spray pipes of that area are proportionally controlled. If the average humidity is below a threshold, the solenoid valve in that area is immediately activated for localized humidification. The system will continue humidifying until the humidity reaches the target value; otherwise, it will immediately close the solenoid valve in that area. During the nighttime cooling phase of the budding period, if the system detects a temperature drop exceeding 1.5℃ within one hour and the current humidity >90%, it will issue a humidification command, forcibly closing the solenoid valve in that area and temporarily reducing the humidity setpoint by 5% to prevent water vapor from condensing on the mushroom surface, thus avoiding disease and damage to the mushrooms. The system will also acquire the CO2 concentration value for each area and proportionally control the fresh air valve and return air valve for that area. If the CO2 concentration value is greater than the threshold, the opening of the fresh air valve in that area will be increased, while the opening of the return air valve will be decreased. The system forces fresh outdoor air into the area and exhausts high-CO2 air to achieve powerful local ventilation. Conversely, it restores the ventilation valves in the area to their normal opening. During the mushroom cultivation period, this loop has the highest control priority. Even if increasing the fresh air valve causes slight fluctuations in temperature or humidity in the area, the system will prioritize meeting the CO2 concentration control requirements. Subsequently, the temperature and control loops will follow up to eliminate disturbances caused by ventilation. The lighting control adopts time-series control, controlling the power contactors of the LED supplementary lighting strips in the area. The system automatically generates switching commands based on the preset daily lighting start time and duration.

[0037] S3.3 Control Output Execution and Feedback: The control unit sends a switch signal through the digital output module and a signal through the analog output module. The damper actuator usually has a feedback signal. The system reads its actual opening feedback signal and compares it with the commanded opening to ensure that the actuator has acted in place, forming a closed-loop detection to prevent mechanical jamming and other faults.

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, S4, stage transition and linkage early warning: When it is necessary to switch growth stages, the human-machine interaction unit issues a command, and the control unit automatically loads the parameter curve and control strategy of the next stage. The system also includes anti-condensation early warning logic: When a sudden drop in temperature and humidity saturation are detected in a certain area, the spray in that area is automatically reduced and the air valve is adjusted to prevent water vapor condensation.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, S4 further includes the following steps: S4.1 Triggering Mechanism for Stage Transition: The initiation of stage transition follows the principle of combining "automatic reminder" and "manual confirmation" to ensure that control is ultimately in the hands of experienced technicians. The system sets a maximum process duration timer for each growth stage, for example, 30 days for mycelium growth, 7 days for bud induction, and 15 days for mushroom cultivation. This timer starts at the beginning of the stage. When the timer expires, the system will not immediately switch stages, but will generate a high-priority reminder event on the human-machine interface unit, accompanied by an audio-visual prompt. Technicians can manually click the "Stage Transition" button on the human-machine interface unit at any time to start the transition process earlier or later, based on the actual growth status of the mycelium or mushrooms observed on site.

[0040] S4.2 Multi-stage transition strategy execution: Once the transition is confirmed, the system loads the complete parameter set of the target stage from the database, including target temperature, humidity, CO2, light intensity, and their corresponding control algorithms and parameters. For parameters with high inertia, such as temperature and humidity, the system prohibits abrupt changes in the setpoint. The system will smoothly and linearly transition the setpoint from the current value to the target value during the transition time. At the same time, the system will automatically switch the control algorithm mode. The system will pre-start relevant equipment to ensure a smooth transition. For example, when the cooling transition is about to begin, the chiller unit will be started half an hour in advance to lower the water temperature in advance, thereby having sufficient cooling capacity and avoiding environmental overshoot caused by equipment response delay.

[0041] S4.3 Linkage Early Warning and Protection Mechanism: Throughout the system's operation, the background early warning logic continuously runs. Its core is the anti-condensation early warning, which monitors the temperature change trend and current absolute humidity of each control area. The system calculates the rate of temperature decrease in each area per unit time in real time. Based on the current temperature and humidity, the system calculates the dew point temperature of the air. If the temperature of a certain area is rapidly decreasing and the current temperature is very close to the dew point temperature, it indicates that condensation is very likely to occur in that area. The early warning actions are executed according to the risk level: for mild risk, a prompt box pops up on the human-machine interface unit, indicating that there is a risk of condensation. For moderate risk, the system automatically reduces or closes the spray solenoid valve in that area to reduce moisture input from the source. For high risk, the system automatically reduces the air supply valve in that area and slightly opens its fresh air valve to introduce a small amount of relatively dry outdoor air to reduce the absolute humidity of that area. At the same time, the above events will be recorded in the alarm log. In addition, the system monitors the status feedback and current value of all key execution units.

[0042] S4.4 Conversion Confirmation and Data Recording: After all environmental parameters have smoothly transitioned to the target range of the new stage and stabilized for a period of time, the system displays a "Stage Transition Complete" prompt on the human-machine interaction unit. The system will completely save the start point, end point, all environmental parameter curves, early warning events, manual operation records, etc. of the stage transition to the historical database for subsequent process optimization and accident tracing.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, S5, Alarm and Data Recording: When any parameter exceeds the safety threshold or the equipment malfunctions, the system issues multi-level alarms through the human-machine interaction unit and records all historical data for traceability and analysis.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, S5 further includes the following steps: S5.1 Multi-level Alarm Management Mechanism: The system adopts a priority-based multi-level alarm mechanism to ensure that events of different severity levels are handled appropriately, including: Level 1 alarm: indicates that parameters deviate from the optimal process range but have not yet immediately affected production, requiring operator attention; Level 2 alarm: indicates that parameters have exceeded the safe process range, which may have a negative impact on mushroom growth, requiring timely operator intervention; Level 3 alarm: indicates that equipment failure or environmental parameters are in an extremely dangerous state, which may lead to the scrapping of the entire batch of mushrooms or equipment damage, requiring immediate handling; all alarm conditions are logically judged in the PLC program. To prevent false alarms caused by signal jitter, the program sets a delay trigger timer and dead zone for most alarm conditions.

[0045] S5.2 Multi-form Alarm Notification Strategy: To ensure timely detection of alarm information, the system employs multiple notification methods, configurable based on alarm level, including: Local audible and visual alarms: A three-color alarm indicator light and buzzer are installed on the control cabinet. When an emergency alarm is triggered, the red light flashes and the buzzer sounds continuously; Human-machine interface unit alarms: A dynamic alarm bar and alarm overview page are located in a fixed area of ​​the human-machine interface unit. New alarms pop up in a highlighted color and are accompanied by a confirmation button. Operators must manually confirm the alarm to indicate awareness. All alarm events are recorded in the alarm history; Remote push alarms: The system can push alarm information to remote responsible personnel by integrating a 4G / 5G communication module or connecting to the enterprise LAN.

[0046] S5.3 Alarm Linkage and Safety Response: The system can realize the linkage between alarms and controls, and automatically execute preset safety strategies in emergency situations to prevent the situation from escalating. For example, in the case of a level 3 alarm - compressor failure, the compressor will be stopped immediately, the backup refrigeration equipment (if any) will be started, all fresh air valves in all areas will be opened to 100%, outdoor cold air will be used for emergency cooling, and emergency alarm information will be sent to all relevant responsible persons. The linkage logic is pre-written in the PLC program in the form of function blocks.

[0047] S5.4 Full-process data recording and storage: The system records all key data with timestamps throughout the entire cycle in a high-density manner. The recorded content includes process data - the raw readings of all sensors and the calculated regional average values; event data - the occurrence time, confirmation time, cancellation time, and confirming person of all alarms; operation data - all manual operation records, including setpoint modification, forced equipment start-up and shutdown, stage transition, etc.; and system status data - the status feedback of all execution units. For short-term caching, the PLC's internal persistent data blocks are used, and the data is retained by supercapacitors or batteries when power is off, which can store data for several days to several weeks. For long-term archiving, the data is periodically uploaded to the database or cloud server through the PLC's communication interface.

[0048] S5.5 Data Application and Traceability: The recorded data is not only archived but also used for proactive optimization and decision support. Technicians can easily query historical trend curves for any time period and any parameter on the human-computer interaction unit or host computer. Environmental parameter curves can be overlaid and compared with manually recorded production and quality data on the time axis to intuitively analyze the impact of the environment on the results. The system can automatically generate reports for each production batch, including the average, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation of the environment during the entire batch, as well as alarm statistics. When production problems occur, historical data can be traced back to accurately locate the time point of the problem and view all environmental parameters and equipment status at that time, thereby quickly locating the root cause. By comparing production reports from different batches, the optimal process parameters most suitable for the local climate and specific strains can be iteratively optimized, and the new knowledge can be updated into the initialization parameters of S1 to form a closed-loop optimization.

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent control of the cultivation room for edible mushrooms, specifically king oyster mushrooms, characterized in that: It includes a sensor grid unit, an execution unit, a control unit, and a human-machine interaction unit; It also includes the following steps: S1. Zoning and Initialization: The cultivation room is divided into N logical control areas, and sensors and execution units are configured in each area. The target environmental parameter curves and control strategies for each growth stage of king oyster mushroom are preset in the control unit. S2. Data Acquisition and Monitoring: Real-time acquisition of temperature and humidity data, as well as CO2 concentration and light intensity data for the upper, middle and lower layers of each control area; S3. Zoning Decision and Control: The control unit executes the following zoning control logic based on the current growth stage: For temperature regulation, the average temperature of all zones is used as the main input to control global equipment such as chillers and heaters. At the same time, for each zone, the average temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and light requirements of that zone are detected, and the corresponding execution units are controlled. S4. Stage transition and linkage early warning: When it is necessary to switch growth stages, the human-machine interaction unit issues a command, and the control unit automatically loads the parameter curve and control strategy of the next stage. S5. Alarm and Data Recording: When any parameter exceeds the safety threshold or the equipment malfunctions, the system will issue multi-level alarms through the human-machine interaction unit and record all historical data for traceability and analysis.

2. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor grid unit is used to collect environmental parameters of various areas in the workshop in real time. The sensor grid unit includes multiple temperature and humidity sensors, multiple CO2 sensors and multiple light sensors. The workshop is logically divided into several independent control areas, preferably divided by culture racks. Each control area is equipped with at least three sets of temperature and humidity sensors, which are deployed on the upper, middle and lower layers of the culture racks in that area to monitor the longitudinal environmental gradient. Each control area is also equipped with a CO2 sensor and a light sensor at its center.

3. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution unit is used to regulate the workshop environment. The execution unit includes a global execution device and a zone execution device. The global execution device includes a chiller, a heater and a dehumidifier, which are used to regulate the overall environment of the workshop. The zone execution device includes a spray pipe and a solenoid valve installed at the top of each control area, an electric air valve installed on the air supply pipe and return pipe of each control area, and an LED supplementary light strip configured independently for each control area.

4. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is the core processing unit. Its signal input terminal is communicatively connected to the sensor grid unit, and its signal output terminal is controlled by the execution unit. The control unit adopts a PLC. The control unit has pre-stored ideal environmental parameter curves for different growth stages of king oyster mushrooms. The control unit is configured to receive data from each sensor, calculate the average or characteristic value of environmental parameters in each control area, compare it with the target value of the current growth stage, generate control commands based on the comparison results, independently control the actions of the execution equipment in each zone, and coordinate the control of the global execution equipment.

5. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human-machine interaction unit is connected to the control unit and is used to display real-time environmental data, equipment status, alarm information, and receive manual instructions and parameter settings.

6. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 further includes the following steps: S1.1 Logical control area division: Based on the physical layout of the culture rack, the large culture room is logically divided into several control areas. The division results will be entered into the configuration software of the control unit and the monitoring interface of the human-machine interaction unit in the form of a digital map. S1.2 Sensor Deployment: Configure a complete sensor group for each control area and specify its precise installation location. Each sensor group is configured with three temperature and humidity sensors, one CO2 sensor and one light sensor. The three temperature and humidity sensors are fixed on the upper, middle and lower layers of a representative culture rack in the area, respectively. The CO2 sensor is installed at the geographical center of the area, and the light sensor is installed on the middle layer of the culture rack at the center of the area. S1.3 Execution Unit Configuration and Calibration: Each area is equipped with a solenoid valve to control the on / off of the spray pipe in that area. Each area is equipped with two electric air valve execution units. An LED supplementary lighting strip is installed in the area. An anemometer is used to measure at the air outlet, record the curve of the relationship between the opening degree and the air volume, and enter it into the system. S1.4 Control Parameter Initialization: In the control unit, create templates for three main growth stages: mycelium growth stage, bud induction stage, and mushroom cultivation stage. Set the following target parameters and their allowable fluctuation range for each stage template. Select and activate the corresponding control algorithm for each stage. Set the default duration for each stage. The system can remind you of stage transitions based on a timer, but the final transition must be manually triggered after confirmation by technicians. S1.5 System Configuration and Mapping: In the programming software of the control unit, establish a control area database, including the number of each area, the list of sensor addresses contained therein, and the corresponding execution unit output address. In the configuration software of the human-machine interaction unit, draw the workshop floor plan, graphically represent each control area, and establish its link with the background database.

7. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 further includes the following steps: S2.1 Periodic data acquisition process: The system performs a global polling acquisition of all sensors at a fixed time period until the reading of all sensors is completed; S2.2 Data Processing and Area Value Calculation: After converting the engineering value, the program will check whether the value is within a reasonable physical range. If it exceeds this range, the sensor data will be deemed invalid and a "data abnormality" alarm will be triggered. S2.3 Real-time monitoring and visualization: The processed data is displayed in real time in various forms through the human-computer interaction unit to realize the monitoring function; S2.4 Data Recording and Storage: All collected raw data, calculated area values, alarm events, and equipment status changes are automatically recorded. Each record includes a timestamp, area number, parameter type, parameter value, and unit. The stored historical data is used for trend analysis, report generation, and fault tracing.

8. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 further includes the following steps: S3.1 Control Architecture and Setpoint Management: The control unit maintains a global stage variable to identify the current growth stage. Each stage corresponds to a set of environmental target setpoints and control parameters that are pre-initialized in S1. For stages that require day-night temperature differences, the system has a built-in real-time clock, and the control program will automatically switch the target temperature setpoints for day and night according to the time. S3.2 Multi-parameter, multi-loop zone control logic: Calculate the global average temperature, obtain the average temperature and average humidity of each zone, obtain the CO2 concentration value of each zone, and use time-series control for illumination control to control the corresponding execution units; S3.3 Control Output Execution and Feedback: The control unit sends a switch signal through the digital output module and a signal through the analog output module. The damper actuator usually has a feedback signal. The system reads its actual opening feedback signal and compares it with the commanded opening.

9. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 further includes the following steps: S4.1, Triggering mechanism for stage transition: The system sets a maximum process duration timer for each growth stage. When the timer expires, the system will not switch stages immediately, but will generate a high-priority reminder event on the human-machine interaction unit. The transition process can be started earlier or later by manually clicking on the human-machine interaction unit. S4.2 Multi-stage transformation strategy execution: Once the transformation is confirmed, the system loads the complete parameter set of the target stage from the database; S4.3 Linkage Early Warning and Protection Mechanism: During the entire operation, the system continuously runs background early warning logic and monitors the status feedback and current value of all key execution units; S4.4 Conversion Confirmation and Data Recording: The system displays prompts on the human-computer interaction unit and saves the start and end points of the phase conversion, all environmental parameter curves, early warning events, and manual operation records during the conversion process to the historical database.

10. The method for moderate intelligent control of a cultivation room for edible mushrooms (King Oyster Mushroom) according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 further includes the following steps: S5.1 Multi-level alarm management mechanism: The system adopts a priority-based multi-level alarm mechanism. All alarm conditions are logically judged in the PLC program. The program sets a delay trigger timer and dead zone for the alarm conditions. S5.2 Multi-form alarm notification strategy: The system adopts multiple notification methods, which can be configured based on alarm level; S5.3 Alarm Linkage and Safety Response: In emergency situations, the preset safety strategy is automatically executed to prevent the situation from escalating. The linkage logic is pre-written in the PLC program in the form of function blocks. S5.4 Full-process data recording and storage: The system records all key data with timestamps throughout the entire cycle in a high-density manner; S5.5 Data Application and Traceability: Technicians can query historical trend curves for any time period and any parameter on the human-computer interaction unit or host computer.

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