An open power equipment thermal defect diagnosis method and system

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment, relating to the field of power equipment technology. The method includes: collecting multi-source data from the open-type power equipment; constructing a thermal balance model of the open-type power equipment based on the multi-source data; calculating the theoretical temperature value of the open-type power equipment under normal conditions using the thermal balance model; generating a dynamic alarm threshold based on the theoretical temperature value, combined with the load current of the open-type power equipment and environmental influences; and performing thermal defect diagnosis on the open-type power equipment based on the dynamic alarm threshold to determine the thermal defect level. This invention can accurately diagnose thermal defects in open-type power equipment, reducing false alarms and missed alarms that occur in traditional fixed threshold diagnosis. By collecting multi-source data, combining the calculation of theoretical temperature using the thermal balance model of the open-type power equipment, generating a dynamic alarm threshold, and classifying defects, it can ensure the safe operation of open-type power equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment technology, and in particular to a method and system for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Open-type electrical equipment is exposed to complex outdoor environments for extended periods. Overheating can easily lead to decreased insulation performance, accelerated material aging, and in severe cases, even fires and explosions. Temperature is a key indicator reflecting the operating status of equipment. By monitoring equipment temperature, abnormal conditions such as poor contact and overload can be detected in a timely manner, allowing for targeted maintenance measures to effectively prevent safety accidents and ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment. Therefore, thermal defect diagnosis of open-type electrical equipment has become one of the core requirements of equipment operation and maintenance.

[0003] Current thermal defect diagnosis technology for open-type power equipment mainly acquires equipment temperature data through two methods: contact temperature measurement or non-contact infrared temperature measurement, and then conducts defect judgment according to relevant industry regulations. Among them, the traditional judgment logic often uses a fixed temperature threshold as the core basis for alarm and diagnosis. That is, by preset a fixed temperature value, when the actual measured temperature of the equipment exceeds the value, it is determined that there may be a thermal defect.

[0004] However, existing diagnostic logic does not fully consider external environmental factors that directly affect equipment temperature, resulting in the diagnostic logic being unable to adapt to dynamic changes in the environment. At the same time, existing thermal defect diagnostic technology does not fully incorporate the influence of load current, making the existing diagnostic logic lack the ability to dynamically adjust to actual operating conditions. It is prone to false alarms or missed alarms due to the mismatch between diagnostic thresholds and real-time operating conditions, making it difficult to meet the accurate diagnostic needs of refined operation and maintenance of open power equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment. This method can solve the problems of existing technologies that do not fully consider external environmental factors that directly affect the temperature of the equipment, resulting in the diagnostic logic being unable to adapt to dynamic changes in the environment. At the same time, existing thermal defect diagnosis technologies do not fully incorporate the influence of load current, making the existing diagnostic logic lack the ability to dynamically adjust to actual operating conditions. This can easily lead to false alarms or missed alarms due to the mismatch between the diagnostic threshold and the real-time operating conditions, making it difficult to meet the technical problem of accurate diagnosis requirements for refined operation and maintenance of open-type power equipment.

[0006] A first aspect of this invention provides a method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment, comprising:

[0007] S1: Collect multi-source data from open-type power equipment.

[0008] S2: Construct an open-type power equipment thermal balance model based on multi-source data.

[0009] S3: Calculate the theoretical temperature value of open-type power equipment under normal conditions using the thermal balance model of open-type power equipment.

[0010] S4: Based on the theoretical temperature value, combined with the load current of the open-type power equipment and environmental influences, a dynamic alarm threshold is generated.

[0011] S5: Based on the dynamic alarm threshold, perform thermal defect diagnosis on open-type power equipment and determine the thermal defect level of the open-type power equipment.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides an open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis system, comprising: a processor and a memory;

[0013] The memory stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis method as described in the first aspect.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0015] In this embodiment of the invention, by collecting multi-source data from open-type power equipment, the influence of external environmental factors on the temperature of open-type power equipment is fully incorporated, thereby improving the adaptability to dynamically changing environments. At the same time, a thermal balance model of open-type power equipment is constructed based on multi-source data to calculate the theoretical temperature value of open-type power equipment under normal conditions. Then, combined with the load current of open-type power equipment and environmental influences, a dynamic alarm threshold is generated, which can be adjusted synchronously with the theoretical temperature, effectively reducing false alarms and missed alarms in the diagnostic process, and meeting the precise diagnostic needs of refined operation and maintenance of open-type power equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0021] Reference manual attached Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] This invention provides a method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment, which may include the following steps:

[0023] S1: Collect multi-source data from open-type power equipment.

[0024] Optionally, the multi-source data may include: surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment, ambient temperature, load current of open-type electrical equipment, current harmonic distortion, wind speed, and solar irradiance.

[0025] It should be noted that infrared temperature measurement systems or contact temperature monitoring systems are used to obtain the surface temperature of open electrical equipment. T surf A temperature sensor is used to monitor the ambient temperature. T amb Obtain the load current of open-type power equipment through current transformers or monitoring systems. I Synchronously acquire current harmonic distortion THD Wind speed is obtained through meteorological sensors. V and solar irradiance G .

[0026] S2: Construct an open-type power equipment thermal balance model based on multi-source data.

[0027] It should be noted that a refined thermal balance model is performed considering load and environmental impacts. Through THDDynamically adjusting the heating power improves the diagnostic accuracy in high-harmonic scenarios. Simultaneously, the effects of wind and solar radiation are considered to avoid misdiagnosis of thermal defects. Therefore, a thermal balance model for open-type power equipment is constructed by comprehensively considering factors such as resistive heating, harmonic losses, solar radiation, convection, radiation, and temperature changes.

[0028] Optionally, the thermal balance model for open-type power equipment is as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, I This indicates the load current of open-type electrical equipment. R Indicates the equivalent resistance. k This represents a coefficient related to load characteristics. THD Indicates current harmonic distortion. α Indicates surface absorptivity. A Indicates the heat dissipation surface area. G Indicates solar irradiance intensity. h c Indicates the convective heat transfer coefficient. This indicates the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment. Indicates ambient temperature. e Indicates emissivity, s This represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. C Indicates heat capacity, This represents the rate of temperature change.

[0031] Specifically, the equivalent resistance of the wire clamp connector is 114 μΩ. k The value is 1. α It is 0.8. A It is 0.03m 2 , e It is 0.9. h c The value is 10, heat capacity C At a steady-state temperature, the value is 390 J / (kg·℃). It is 0.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the convective heat transfer coefficient is determined using a wind speed-adaptive convection coefficient model:

[0033] ;

[0034] ;

[0035] ;

[0036] in, h c1Indicates the natural convection heat transfer coefficient. T This indicates the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment. T amb Indicates ambient temperature. D Indicates the characteristic length of open-type electrical equipment. h c2 Indicates the forced convection heat transfer coefficient. V Indicates wind speed. h c This represents the convective heat transfer coefficient.

[0037] The convective heat transfer coefficient is a core physical parameter that measures the convective heat transfer capacity between a fluid (such as air) and a solid surface (such as the surface of open power equipment). Physically, it represents the amount of convective heat transferred between the fluid and the solid surface per unit time and per unit surface area due to the temperature difference. Its magnitude is related to the fluid type (such as air or liquid), flow state (natural convection or forced convection; natural convection is driven by temperature difference, while forced convection is driven by external forces such as wind speed), fluid velocity (the higher the wind speed, the higher the forced convection heat transfer coefficient), and solid surface characteristics (such as equipment dimensions and surface roughness). In the thermal balance model of open power equipment, it directly determines the accuracy of convective heat dissipation calculations, thus affecting the accuracy of theoretical temperature and thermal defect diagnosis results.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, a refined thermal balance model is constructed, comprehensively covering heating factors such as resistive heating and harmonic additional losses, as well as heat dissipation factors such as convection and radiation. It not only uses current harmonic distortion to dynamically correct the heating power to improve the diagnostic accuracy in high harmonic scenarios, but also incorporates the influence of solar irradiance and accurately determines the convective heat transfer coefficient through a wind speed-adaptive convection coefficient model (combining natural and forced convection). Furthermore, specific parameter examples for wire clamp joints are provided to make the model applicable in practice. This effectively avoids misjudgment of thermal defects caused by ignoring load fluctuations or environmental factors, and provides scientific and realistic model support for subsequent calculation of the normal theoretical temperature of the equipment and the realization of accurate thermal defect diagnosis, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis.

[0039] S3: Calculate the theoretical temperature value of open-type power equipment under normal conditions using the thermal balance model of open-type power equipment.

[0040] Optionally, the formula for calculating the theoretical temperature value is as follows:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, T theory This represents the theoretical temperature value. T amb Indicates ambient temperature. I This indicates the load current of open-type electrical equipment.R Indicates the equivalent resistance. k This represents a coefficient related to load characteristics. THD Indicates current harmonic distortion. α Indicates surface absorptivity. A Indicates the heat dissipation surface area. G Indicates solar irradiance intensity. e Indicates emissivity, s This represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. C Indicates heat capacity, Represents the theoretical rate of change of temperature. h c This represents the convective heat transfer coefficient.

[0043] Optionally, theoretical temperature value T theory The temperature is 65℃.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the theoretical temperature value of the equipment under normal conditions is calculated using an open-type power equipment thermal balance model. Its core advantage lies in its calculation logic, which fully integrates key factors such as load, environment, heat dissipation, and dynamic characteristics, rather than using a traditional fixed reference temperature. This allows the theoretical temperature value to accurately match the actual operating conditions of the open-type power equipment, truly reflecting the normal temperature range when there are no thermal defects. This provides a scientifically reliable benchmark for subsequently generating dynamic alarm thresholds and determining whether the actual temperature is abnormal, thus avoiding misjudgments of thermal defects caused by the benchmark temperature deviating from the actual operating conditions, and laying the foundation for the accuracy of overall diagnosis.

[0045] S4: Based on the theoretical temperature value, combined with the load current of the open-type power equipment and environmental influences, a dynamic alarm threshold is generated.

[0046] Optionally, the dynamic alarm threshold is calculated as follows:

[0047] ;

[0048] ;

[0049] in, T thres Indicates the dynamic alarm threshold. T theory This represents the theoretical temperature value. t Indicates the safety factor. t Δ represents the standard deviation of temperature. T comp Indicates dynamic compensation item, β Indicates the compensation coefficient. THD This indicates harmonic distortion of the current.

[0050] Optionally, safety factor tThe value is 2, and the compensation coefficient is... β The value is set to 2, which ultimately yields the dynamic alarm threshold. T thres The temperature is 68℃.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the dynamic alarm threshold generated by combining theoretical temperature values, load current of open-type power equipment, and environmental influences offers significant advantages. Based on the theoretical temperature reflecting the normal operating conditions of open-type power equipment, it not only reserves safety redundancy through a safety factor and uses temperature standard deviation to address short-term temperature fluctuations, but also adapts to harmonic effects through dynamic compensation terms containing current harmonic distortion. This completely overcomes the limitation of traditional fixed thresholds that "cannot be adjusted according to operating conditions," avoiding missed alarms in high-load / harmonic scenarios and false alarms in low-load / low-temperature environments. Furthermore, the specific parameters make the thresholds practical and applicable, providing a standard that fits actual operating conditions for subsequent accurate judgment of thermal defects, significantly improving diagnostic reliability.

[0052] S5: Based on the dynamic alarm threshold, perform thermal defect diagnosis on open-type power equipment and determine the thermal defect level of the open-type power equipment.

[0053] Thermal defects are abnormal temperature problems in electrical equipment (especially open-type electrical equipment, such as wire clamps and outdoor busbars) caused by "thermal imbalance". The core issue is that the total heat generated by the equipment (such as resistive Joule heating and harmonic additional losses) far exceeds the total heat dissipation (convection and radiation), resulting in an actual surface temperature that is significantly higher than the normal theoretical temperature. The causes are mostly abnormal increases in heat generation (such as increased contact resistance, overload, and excessive harmonics) or insufficient heat dissipation (such as surface contamination, windless environment, and structural deformation). If not handled in time, they will accelerate insulation aging, damage the equipment structure, and in severe cases, cause safety accidents such as short circuits and fires. They need to be accurately identified through thermal balance modeling, temperature monitoring, and other technologies, and are a key type of defect that electrical equipment operation and maintenance should focus on.

[0054] In one possible implementation, S5 specifically includes:

[0055] S501: An alarm is triggered when the surface temperature of an open power equipment in multi-source data exceeds the dynamic alarm threshold and the duration exceeds the preset time.

[0056] Those skilled in the art can set the preset duration according to actual needs, and this invention does not limit it.

[0057] Optionally, the preset duration is 6 hours.

[0058] S502: When an alarm is triggered, the thermal defect level of the open power equipment is determined based on the temperature deviation rate between the surface temperature of the open power equipment and the dynamic alarm threshold.

[0059] Optionally, the temperature deviation rate is calculated as follows:

[0060] ;

[0061] in, or Indicates the temperature deviation rate. T surf This indicates the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment. T thres This indicates the dynamic alarm threshold.

[0062] Optionally, the rules for determining the level of thermal defects specifically include:

[0063] when At that time, the thermal defect level was determined to be a minor thermal defect.

[0064] when When the thermal defect level is determined to be severe thermal defect, the thermal defect level is determined to be severe thermal defect.

[0065] when At that time, the thermal defect level is determined to be a critical thermal defect.

[0066] in, or Indicates the temperature deviation rate. or thres1 Indicates the first thermal defect threshold. or thres2 This indicates the second thermal defect threshold.

[0067] Those skilled in the art can set the size of the first thermal defect threshold and the second thermal defect threshold according to actual needs, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0068] Optionally, or thres1 The value is 15%. or thres2 The value is set to 30%. The surface temperature of the wire clamp connector is 76℃, i.e. T surf > T thres And if it lasts for more than 6 hours, an alarm will be triggered.

[0069] in, or Approximately 11.8%, less than or thres1 It was determined to be a minor defect.

[0070] It should be noted that the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment T surf Higher than the theoretical temperature value T theory and dynamic alarm threshold T thresThis indicates that the contact resistance of the wire clamp connector has increased, which may be due to poor contact.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the precise diagnosis and classification of thermal defects are achieved through scientific judgment logic, offering significant advantages. Based on a dynamic alarm threshold and combined with the trigger condition of "equipment surface temperature exceeding the threshold for 6 consecutive hours," false alarms caused by short-term temperature fluctuations are eliminated, ensuring that diagnosis is initiated only for genuine and continuous anomalies. The degree of temperature anomaly is quantified through temperature deviation rate and classified according to the "minor-serious-critical" rule, avoiding the crudeness of traditional "one-size-fits-all" judgments and providing clear priority guidance for operation and maintenance. Precise matching of the severity of thermal defects (e.g., minor defects can be planned for maintenance, while critical defects require emergency handling) prevents safety accidents caused by missed critical defects and avoids resource waste due to excessive maintenance of minor defects, effectively ensuring the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of open-type power equipment.

[0072] Reference manual attached Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of an open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] This invention provides a thermal defect diagnosis system 20 for open-type power equipment, including: a processor 201 and a memory 202;

[0074] The memory 202 stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor 201. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor 201, they implement the steps of the above-described open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis method and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, the present invention will not elaborate further.

[0075] It should be understood that the processor 201 in this embodiment of the invention may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0076] It should also be understood that the memory 202 in the embodiments of the present invention can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM).

[0077] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0078] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0080] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0082] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0083] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0084] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0085] This invention provides a readable storage medium comprising: storing a program or instructions on the readable storage medium, wherein when the program or instructions are executed by a processor, the program or instructions implement the steps of the above-described open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis method and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, this invention will not elaborate further.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment, characterized in that, include: S1: Collect multi-source data from open-type power equipment; S2: Construct an open-type power equipment thermal balance model based on the multi-source data; Specifically, the open-type power equipment thermal balance model is as follows: ； in, I This indicates the load current of open-type electrical equipment. R Indicates the equivalent resistance. k This represents a coefficient related to load characteristics. THD Indicates current harmonic distortion. α Indicates surface absorptivity. A Indicates the heat dissipation surface area. G Indicates solar irradiance intensity. h c Indicates the convective heat transfer coefficient. This indicates the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment. Indicates ambient temperature. ε Indicates emissivity, σ This represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. C Indicates heat capacity, Indicates the rate of temperature change; S3: Calculate the theoretical temperature value of the open-type power equipment under normal conditions using the thermal balance model of the open-type power equipment; S4: Based on the theoretical temperature value, combined with the load current of the open-type power equipment and environmental influences, generate a dynamic alarm threshold; S5: Based on the dynamic alarm threshold, perform thermal defect diagnosis on the open-type power equipment to determine the thermal defect level of the open-type power equipment.

2. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source data specifically includes: surface temperature of open-type power equipment, ambient temperature, load current of open-type power equipment, current harmonic distortion, wind speed, and solar irradiance.

3. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The convective heat transfer coefficient is determined using a wind speed-adaptive convection coefficient model: ； ； ； in, h c1 Indicates the natural convection heat transfer coefficient. T This indicates the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment. T amb Indicates ambient temperature. D Indicates the characteristic length of open-type electrical equipment. h c2 Indicates the forced convection heat transfer coefficient. V Indicates wind speed. h c This represents the convective heat transfer coefficient.

4. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific formula for calculating the theoretical temperature value is as follows: ； in, T theory This represents the theoretical temperature value. T amb Indicates ambient temperature. I This indicates the load current of open-type electrical equipment. R Indicates the equivalent resistance. k This represents a coefficient related to load characteristics. THD Indicates current harmonic distortion. α Indicates surface absorptivity. A Indicates the heat dissipation surface area. G Indicates solar irradiance intensity. ε Indicates emissivity, σ This represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. C Indicates heat capacity, Represents the theoretical rate of change of temperature. h c This represents the convective heat transfer coefficient.

5. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation method for the dynamic alarm threshold is as follows: ； ； in, T thres Indicates the dynamic alarm threshold. T theory This represents the theoretical temperature value. t Indicates the safety factor. τ Δ represents the standard deviation of temperature. T comp Indicates dynamic compensation item, β Indicates the compensation coefficient. THD This indicates harmonic distortion of the current.

6. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 specifically includes: S501: When the surface temperature of the open-type power equipment in the multi-source data is greater than the dynamic alarm threshold and the duration exceeds the preset time, an alarm is triggered; S502: When an alarm is triggered, the thermal defect level of the open power equipment is determined based on the temperature deviation rate between the surface temperature of the open power equipment and the dynamic alarm threshold.

7. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature deviation rate is calculated as follows: ； in, η Indicates the temperature deviation rate. T surf This indicates the surface temperature of open-type electrical equipment. T thres This indicates the dynamic alarm threshold.

8. The method for diagnosing thermal defects in open-type power equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific rules for determining the level of thermal defects include: when When the thermal defect level is determined to be a minor thermal defect; when When the thermal defect level is determined to be a severe thermal defect; when When the thermal defect level is determined to be a critical thermal defect; in, η Indicates the temperature deviation rate. η thres1 Indicates the first thermal defect threshold. η thres2 This indicates the second thermal defect threshold.

9. A thermal defect diagnosis system for open-type power equipment, characterized in that, include: Processor and memory; The memory stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the open-type power equipment thermal defect diagnosis method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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