An airport taxiway guide marker loosening monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses an airport taxiway guide marker loosening monitoring system, comprising: an airport taxiway guide marker, a pressure monitoring device, a lightning stroke and insulation loop monitoring device, an inclination monitoring device, a vibration monitoring device, a communication device, an alarm receiving terminal and a digital platform monitoring alarm system, which realizes multi-dimensional state monitoring of the marker through cooperation of multiple devices, and the marker loosening monitoring system is provided with a tail flow side wind composite impact filtering module and a multi-direction tail flow superposition calculation module, so that the marker can efficiently and accurately adapt to the requirements of special areas such as the end of the airport runway, the intersection of the taxiway and the near apron, solves the problems of special area environment adaptation and multi-source interference identification, actively warns the loosening risk of the marker, reduces the probability of apron unsafe events, reduces the maintenance cost and the working strength of the staff, and guarantees the punctuality and safety of flights.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of monitoring technology of civil aviation airport navigation aids facilities, and specifically discloses an airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system, which is particularly applicable to civil aviation airports with special areas (runway ends, taxiway intersections, and near aircraft stands). Background Technology

[0002] Taxiway guidance signs are core visual navigation aids at civil aviation airports, ensuring the safe movement of aircraft on the ground and providing critical functions such as path marking and location guidance. Taking Changsha Airport as an example, it is equipped with 610 Category II design signs, with a wind resistance rating of 322 km / h. However, with the expansion of airport operations and aircraft upgrades, these signs face multiple technical challenges:

[0003] 1. Increased external impact: The takeoff wake wind speed of large wide-body aircraft (such as Boeing 747) reaches 603 km / h. Combined with the increased flight time of aircraft due to airport expansion, the fastening bolts of the sign are prone to loosening and stripping due to low-frequency vibration, which may lead to displacement and damage risks.

[0004] 2. Regional risk differentiation: Changsha Airport's runway ends are subject to the combined impact of wake turbulence and crosswinds, taxiway intersections are subject to the superposition of two-way wake turbulence, and near the aircraft stand are subject to the vibration of the jet bridge docking and the corrosion of high humidity. Conventional monitoring systems have a false alarm rate of over 40% and a high device failure rate due to the lack of targeted design.

[0005] 3. Monitoring and maintenance shortcomings: Existing technology cannot detect the status of aircraft operating area markers in real time, relying on manual inspection (average maintenance per person per day ≤ 20 markers), which is costly and inefficient, and cannot meet the routine monitoring needs of 610 markers.

[0006] Currently, although some signage monitoring solutions exist in the industry, most focus on a single dimension (such as monitoring only tilt), failing to address the issues of adapting to special regional environments and identifying multi-source interference. Furthermore, they lack proactive early warning and intelligent management capabilities, thus failing to fundamentally guarantee airport operational safety and efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a monitoring system that can effectively address the challenges of real-time monitoring of sign status during airport operations, high manual maintenance costs, and insufficient adaptability to special regional environments. Summary of the Invention

[0008] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0009] Based on this, the present invention provides an airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system to solve the problems of difficulty in real-time monitoring, high manual maintenance costs, and insufficient adaptability to special area environments in the prior art.

[0010] (II) Technical Solution

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes an airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system. This system can monitor the loosening status of taxiway guidance signs in different areas of the airport. The system includes: airport taxiway guidance signs, a pressure monitoring device, a lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device, a tilt monitoring device, a vibration monitoring device, a communication device, an alarm receiving terminal, and a digital platform monitoring and alarm system.

[0012] The pressure monitoring device is installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign to monitor the pressure status of the airport taxiway guidance sign. The lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device is installed on the power input side of the sign to detect the grounding status of the power supply. The tilt monitoring device and vibration monitoring device are both installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign. The communication device is installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign and is electrically connected to the tilt monitoring device, vibration monitoring device, and pressure monitoring device. The alarm receiving terminal and digital platform monitoring alarm system are installed in a remote server to receive, analyze, and display the signals transmitted by each device inside the sign box.

[0013] The vibration monitoring device includes a multi-directional wake superposition calculation module for processing multi-directional wake superimposed vibration signals and a wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module for separating wake and crosswind vibration signals. The multi-directional wake superposition calculation module can collect vibration acceleration in different directions of the airport taxiway and monitor the superimposed vibration intensity. The wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module can identify 15-25Hz wake vibration and 8-12Hz crosswind vibration respectively and calculate and monitor the composite vibration intensity.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-directional wake superposition calculation module includes a dual-axis accelerometer and a vector sum calculation unit. The dual-axis accelerometer collects vibration accelerations in different directions on the airport taxiway, and the vector sum calculation unit calculates the accelerations using the formula "vector sum = ... "The superimposed vibration intensity of the taxiway in different directions in real time is calculated. When the superimposed vibration intensity is ≥20m / s² and the duration is ≥4s, a vibration abnormality alarm is triggered."

[0015] Preferably, the wake crosswind composite impact filtering module includes a vibration sensing layer, a signal processing core, an output interface layer, and an alarm mechanism;

[0016] The vibration sensing layer includes a triaxial accelerometer to collect raw vibration signals, with a sampling frequency of not less than 200Hz.

[0017] The signal processing core includes a dual-band identification chip and a composite acceleration calculation unit. The dual-band identification chip identifies wake vibrations (15-25Hz) and crosswind vibrations (8-12Hz) respectively. The composite acceleration calculation unit calculates the composite acceleration using the formula: Composite Acceleration = ... The composite vibration intensity is calculated. The output interface layer includes a digital signal output and an alarm trigger interface. The digital signal output is electrically connected to the composite acceleration calculation unit, and the alarm trigger interface is electrically connected to the alarm mechanism. When the composite vibration intensity is ≥18m / s² and the duration is ≥3s, a vibration abnormality alarm is triggered.

[0018] Preferably, the airport taxiway guidance sign includes a housing and a supporting connector. The housing is installed in the airport via the supporting connector. The pressure monitoring device is used to monitor the pressure status of the housing and the supporting connector. The supporting connector is hollow inside and accommodates the pressure monitoring device. The bottom of the supporting connector and the pressure monitoring device are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure monitoring device includes a housing detection module, a power supply module, and an alarm module. The housing detection module includes a rotating pressure regulating component, a connecting component, a housing, a bottom cover, a micro switch, a component fixing component, and a pressure sensor. The housing is hollow inside to accommodate the components. The bottom cover, the micro switch, and the pressure sensor are all located at the bottom of the housing.

[0020] One end of the rotary pressure regulating component has a threaded outer circumferential surface, and the other end protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form a limiting boss.

[0021] The inner circumferential surface of the connector is threaded, and one end protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form an abutment boss. The connector abuts against the top of the outer shell through the abutment boss, and the rotating pressure adjusting component is threadedly connected to the connector.

[0022] One end of the component fixing member protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form a snap-fit ​​boss. The outer diameter of the other end of the component fixing member is the same as the inner diameter of the housing. The inner circumferential surface of the component fixing member is provided with a slot that matches the size of the micro switch to fix the micro switch. The component fixing member is snapped onto the bottom of the housing through the snap-fit ​​boss. The micro switch is disposed in the slot. The bottom cover is located at the bottom of the micro switch and contacts the contacts of the micro switch. The pressure sensor is located at the bottom of the bottom cover and is in contact with the ground.

[0023] The component fixing member has a fixing hook inside, which is used to prevent the micro switch from moving; the component fixing member has an internal recess on one side of the locking boss, and the inner diameter of the recess is the same as the outer diameter of the other side of the component fixing member, forming a step. When the micro switch is in the slot, it is blocked by the step. The power supply module is used to supply power to the component. The alarm module is electrically connected to the box detection module and receives signals from the pressure sensor and the micro switch to trigger an alarm.

[0024] Preferably, at least four microswitches are provided and are evenly distributed in a circle. The fixing hooks are provided corresponding to the microswitches to restrict their movement. The alarm module includes an alarm buzzer and an alarm filament, both of which are electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the microswitches.

[0025] Preferably, the tilt monitoring device includes a horizontal sensor, a tilt monitoring housing, and a dual-axis tilt sensor. The horizontal sensor is disposed at the bottom of the tilt monitoring housing, and the dual-axis tilt sensor is disposed inside the tilt monitoring housing to monitor the tilt angle along the sliding track direction and perpendicular to the sliding track direction, respectively.

[0026] The X-axis is defined as the direction along the taxiway, and the Y-axis is defined as the direction perpendicular to the taxiway. The tilt threshold for both the X-axis and the Y-axis is ±1.1 degrees. When the tilt angle in either direction exceeds the corresponding tilt threshold, a tilt anomaly alarm is triggered, and the tilt direction information is uploaded simultaneously.

[0027] Preferably, the communication device is disposed inside the enclosure, and the communication device includes 4G / 5G communication components and wired communication components. The wired communication components are electrically connected to the tilt monitoring device, the vibration monitoring device, and the enclosure detection module, and are also electrically connected to the 4G / 5G communication components. The 4G / 5G communication components are connected to the alarm receiving terminal and the digital platform monitoring alarm system.

[0028] Preferably, the communication device further includes a boarding bridge docking period signal enhancement module, which is connected to the airport's boarding bridge dispatching system to obtain the boarding bridge docking plan. Ten minutes before the boarding bridge docking, the boarding bridge docking period signal enhancement module increases the receiving power of the communication device, thereby increasing the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to above -78dBm, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission during the docking period.

[0029] Preferably, the signal enhancement module for the bridge docking period includes a data interface submodule, a time management submodule, a signal control submodule, and a 4G module;

[0030] The data interface submodule connects to the airport's boarding bridge scheduling system to obtain the boarding bridge docking plan and extract information through parsing. The time management submodule calculates the preparation and termination periods for boarding bridge docking based on the parsed information and generates a time trigger signal. The signal control submodule sends a power adjustment command to the 4G module according to the time trigger signal and obtains signal strength data in real time through the signal monitoring unit. The 4G module adjusts its power parameters according to the command to increase the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to above -78dBm, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission during the docking period.

[0031] Preferably, the power supply module includes a bridge vibration power failure protection function. The bridge vibration power failure protection function monitors the vibration acceleration of the bridge docking in real time through a built-in vibration sensor. When the vibration acceleration is detected to be ≥8m / s², the main power supply is automatically cut off and switched to backup lithium battery power supply. The switching time is <0.1s, preventing the main power supply from causing system power failure due to poor contact caused by vibration.

[0032] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention, through the setting of a wake turbulence crosswind composite impact filtering module and a multi-directional wake turbulence superposition calculation module, enables the sign to efficiently and accurately adapt to the needs of special areas such as the end of the airport runway, taxiway intersection, and near the aircraft stand. It solves the problems of environmental adaptation in special areas and multi-source interference identification, actively warns of the risk of sign loosening, reduces the probability of unsafe events on the apron, reduces maintenance costs and the workload of staff, and ensures the punctuality and safety of flights.

[0035] Furthermore, its airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system senses pressure changes inside the sign box through the installation of pressure monitoring devices, ensures the power supply safety of the sign through the installation of lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring devices, captures the structural tilt degree of the sign and support connector in real time through the installation of tilt monitoring devices, and monitors the vibration of the sign through vibration monitoring devices to detect vibration abnormalities in a timely manner. Thus, the multi-dimensional status monitoring of the sign is achieved through the cooperation of multiple devices. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-directional wake superposition calculation module of the airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the wake crosswind composite impact filter module of the airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Pressure monitoring device; 2. Multi-directional wake superposition calculation module; 3. Wake crosswind composite impact filtering module. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system of the present invention will be further described.

[0044] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1-4 This invention discloses an airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system can monitor the loosening status of taxiway guidance signs in different areas of the airport. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system includes: airport taxiway guidance signs, pressure monitoring device 1, lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device, tilt monitoring device, vibration monitoring device, communication device, alarm receiving terminal, and digital platform monitoring and alarm system;

[0045] Pressure monitoring device 1 is installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign to monitor the pressure status of the airport taxiway guidance sign. Lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device is installed on the power input side of the sign to detect the grounding status of the power supply. Tilt monitoring device and vibration monitoring device are both installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign. Communication device is installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign and is electrically connected to tilt monitoring device, vibration monitoring device and pressure monitoring device 1. Alarm receiving terminal and digital platform monitoring alarm system are installed in remote server to receive, analyze and display the signals transmitted by each device inside the sign box.

[0046] The vibration monitoring device includes a multi-directional wake superposition calculation module 2 for processing multi-directional wake superimposed vibration signals and a wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module 3 for separating wake and crosswind vibration signals. The multi-directional wake superposition calculation module 2 can collect vibration acceleration in different directions of the airport taxiway and monitor the superimposed vibration intensity. The wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module 3 can identify 15-25Hz wake vibration and 8-12Hz crosswind vibration respectively and calculate and monitor the composite vibration intensity.

[0047] In this embodiment, the airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system is designed based on a four-layer architecture of "front-end monitoring - data transmission - back-end processing - proactive early warning". It uses a pressure monitoring device 1 to sense pressure changes within the sign housing, lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring devices to ensure power supply safety, a tilt monitoring device to capture the structural tilt of the sign and supporting connectors in real time, a vibration monitoring device to monitor the sign's vibration and detect abnormalities promptly, and a communication device to transmit monitoring data signals and an alarm receiving terminal to perform preliminary alarm processing. Through the coordinated operation of multiple devices, it achieves multi-dimensional status monitoring of the sign. Furthermore, the "wake crosswind composite impact filtering module 3" and the "multi-directional wake superposition calculation module 2" further enable the sign to efficiently and accurately adapt to the needs of special areas such as airport runway ends, taxiway intersections, and near aircraft stands, proactively warning of the risk of sign loosening, reducing the probability of apron unsafe events, and ensuring flight punctuality and safety.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device is connected to the power input side of the sign to detect the grounding status of the power supply. It includes a lightning isolation device and a power supply resistance detection mechanism. The lightning isolation device is preferably rated for 30kA (8 / 20μs) surge protection. The power supply resistance detection device automatically increases the detection frequency to once every 15 minutes when the relative humidity is ≥85%. An alarm is immediately triggered when the grounding resistance is >10MΩ to prevent short circuits caused by moisture. This lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device enables the sign to effectively maintain operation in harsh environments such as humidity and thunderstorms, avoiding damage caused by these conditions and effectively reducing maintenance costs.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the multi-directional wake superposition calculation module 2 includes a dual-axis accelerometer and a vector sum calculation unit. The dual-axis accelerometer collects vibration accelerations in different directions on the airport taxiway, and the vector sum calculation unit calculates the accelerations using the formula "vector sum = ... "The superimposed vibration intensity of the taxiway in different directions in real time is calculated. When the superimposed vibration intensity is ≥20m / s² and the duration is ≥4s, a vibration abnormality alarm is triggered."

[0050] In this embodiment, for the superposition of two-way wake vortices at taxiway intersections, X / Y axis vibration data are collected using dual-axis accelerometers, and the vector sum formula (vector sum = ...) is applied. The superposition intensity is calculated, and an alarm threshold of ≥20m / s² and ≥4s is set to solve the false alarm problem caused by bidirectional wake superposition and further improve its recognition accuracy.

[0051] See Figure 4 The wake crosswind composite impact filtering module 3 includes a vibration sensing layer, a signal processing core, an output interface layer, and an alarm mechanism. In this embodiment, the wake crosswind composite impact filtering module 3 adopts an integrated design of "sensor array + dedicated chip + computing unit". Its vibration sensing layer includes a triaxial accelerometer to collect raw vibration signals, with a sampling frequency of not less than 200Hz. The signal processing core includes a dual-band identification chip and a composite acceleration calculation unit. The dual-band identification chip identifies wake vibrations of 15-25Hz and crosswind vibrations of 8-12Hz respectively. The composite acceleration calculation unit calculates the composite acceleration using the formula: Composite Acceleration = The system calculates the composite vibration intensity. The output interface layer includes a digital signal output and an alarm trigger interface. The digital signal output is electrically connected to the composite acceleration calculation unit, and the alarm trigger interface is electrically connected to the alarm mechanism. When the composite vibration intensity is ≥18m / s² and the duration is ≥3s, a vibration abnormality alarm is triggered.

[0052] The dual-band identification chip is the "signal separation hub" of the module. Its core principle is to achieve precise separation of 15-25Hz wake vibration and 8-12Hz crosswind vibration through multi-stage filtering and feature verification. The specific process consists of five steps:

[0053] 1. Raw signal preprocessing (noise reduction and amplification)

[0054] The raw signal acquired by the accelerometer is mixed with environmental noise (such as equipment operating noise, high-frequency electromagnetic interference, etc.). The dual-band recognition chip first removes static drift signals below 1Hz through adaptive high-pass filtering, and then amplifies the effective signal to a processing range of 2.0-3.3V through a low-noise operational amplifier. At the same time, a sliding window mean filter (with a window size of 5 sampling points) is used to smooth signal fluctuations and initially reduce random noise interference.

[0055] 2. Dual-channel bandpass filtering (frequency band separation)

[0056] The dual-band identification chip integrates two independent Butterworth fourth-order bandpass filters, which respectively filter signals based on the characteristic frequencies of the wake and crosswind.

[0057] Wake filter channel: center frequency 20Hz, passband range 15-25Hz, stopband attenuation ≥40dB / dec, only allowing vibration signals caused by wake to pass through;

[0058] Crosswind filtering channel: center frequency 10Hz, passband range 8-12Hz, stopband attenuation ≥40dB / dec, retaining only crosswind-related vibration signals.

[0059] This dual-path parallel filtering design can effectively avoid cross-interference between signals in two frequency bands. For example, when the crosswind vibration amplitude is large, its harmonic components will not mix into the wake signal channel.

[0060] 3. Frequency domain feature verification (spurious signal removal)

[0061] To avoid misidentification of non-target vibrations (such as sudden impacts or equipment resonance), the dual-band identification chip uses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the filtered signal to the frequency domain and verify the energy distribution of the signal.

[0062] Calculate the power spectral density (PSD) of the signal within the channel. If more than 80% of the energy is concentrated in the target frequency band (such as 15-25Hz in the wake channel), it is determined to be a valid signal.

[0063] If the signal energy is dispersed or the peak frequency exceeds the target range, it is marked as an interference signal, and its subsequent processing is shielded by logic gate circuits.

[0064] 4. Temporal feature extraction (peak acceleration calculation)

[0065] For valid signals that pass verification, the chip proceeds to the time-domain feature extraction stage: a peak detection algorithm is used to capture the maximum acceleration value (including positive and negative peaks, taking the absolute value) in real time within each vibration cycle, and the average peak value within that time period is calculated using a sliding window (window duration 0.1s), which is used as the characteristic acceleration value of the vibration in that frequency band. For example, the average peak acceleration of the wake channel outputting the 15-25Hz frequency band is denoted as A1, and the average peak acceleration of the crosswind channel outputting the 8-12Hz frequency band is denoted as A2.

[0066] 5. Synchronized signal output (data buffering and calibration)

[0067] The characteristic acceleration values ​​of the two channels are converted into digital signals by a 12-bit ADC (analog-to-digital converter) and then synchronously transmitted to the composite acceleration calculation unit via the internal bus. At the same time, the chip has a built-in temperature compensation module to calibrate the acceleration values ​​according to the ambient temperature (-40℃ to 85℃) to compensate for the temperature drift error of the MEMS sensor (the calibration coefficient is preset by the temperature chamber test before leaving the factory).

[0068] The real-time calculation of composite acceleration is based on the principle of vector composition, which fuses the wake acceleration A1 and the crosswind acceleration A2 according to a preset formula: composite acceleration The physical meaning of this formula is to synthesize the vibration accelerations in two orthogonal directions (the wake and crosswind usually act in opposite directions) into an equivalent comprehensive vibration intensity value, which is closer to the mechanical effect of the actual combined impact of airflow. For example, when the wake acceleration is 12 m / s² and the crosswind acceleration is 12 m / s², the combined acceleration is √(12²+12²)≈16.97 m / s², which does not reach the alarm threshold; if both increase to 13 m / s², the combined acceleration rises to 18.38 m / s², triggering the alarm condition.

[0069] 2. Duration accumulation judgment

[0070] To avoid false alarms caused by momentary impacts (such as bird strikes on the sensor), the unit has a built-in time counter to accumulate the time for the composite acceleration exceeding the limit.

[0071] When A n When the speed is ≥ 18m / s², the counter starts to accumulate in 10ms increments;

[0072] If A is in the timing process n If the speed is less than 18 m / s², the counter will be reset and the timing will restart.

[0073] Only when the cumulative duration is ≥3s will it be judged as a "continuous abnormal state" and trigger subsequent alarm logic.

[0074] 3. Multi-level alarm triggering and feedback

[0075] After the condition of "compound acceleration ≥ 18 m / s² and lasting for 3 seconds" is met, the calculation unit performs the following operations: outputs a high-level alarm signal (lasting for 5 seconds) to drive the external audible and visual alarm.

[0076] Data such as wake acceleration, crosswind acceleration, combined acceleration, and duration at abnormal moments are stored in a cache.

[0077] The system sends an exception message containing a timestamp to the host computer via a communication interface, enabling traceability and analysis by the remote monitoring system.

[0078] In addition, the module supports local calibration of threshold parameters (modified via an external debugging interface), and can adjust the composite acceleration threshold or duration parameters according to the application scenario (such as bridge monitoring, airport runway perimeter monitoring).

[0079] In one embodiment, the airport taxiway guidance sign includes a housing and a supporting connector. The housing is installed within the airport via the supporting connector. A pressure monitoring device 1 is used to monitor the pressure status of the housing and the supporting connector. The supporting connector is hollow and accommodates the pressure monitoring device 1. The bottom ends of the supporting connector and the pressure monitoring device 1 are on the same horizontal plane. The pressure monitoring device 1 includes a housing detection module, a power supply module, and an alarm module. The housing detection module includes a rotating pressure regulating component, a connector, a housing, a bottom cover, a micro switch, a component fixing component, and a pressure sensor. For a specific pressure monitoring device, please refer to the airport taxiway sign safety monitoring device shown in CN202421056486.6. The housing is hollow to accommodate the components. The bottom cover, micro switch, and pressure sensor are all located at the bottom of the housing. One end of the rotating pressure regulating component has a thread on its outer circumferential surface, and the other end protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form a limiting boss.

[0080] The inner circumferential surface of the connector is threaded, and one end protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form an abutment boss. The connector abuts against the top of the outer shell through the abutment boss, and the rotating pressure adjusting component is threadedly connected to the connector.

[0081] One end of the component fixing part protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form a snap-fit ​​boss. The outer diameter of the other end of the component fixing part is the same as the inner diameter of the housing. The inner circumferential surface of the component fixing part is provided with a slot that matches the size of the micro switch to fix the micro switch. The component fixing part is snapped into the bottom of the housing by the snap-fit ​​boss. The micro switch is set in the slot. The bottom cover is located at the bottom of the micro switch and is in contact with the contacts of the micro switch. The pressure sensor is located at the bottom of the bottom cover and is in contact with the ground.

[0082] The component fixing part has a fixing hook inside, which is used to prevent the micro switch from moving; the component fixing part has an internal recess on one side of the locking boss, and the inner diameter of the recess is the same as the outer diameter of the other side of the component fixing part, forming a step. When the micro switch is in the slot, it is blocked by the step. The power supply module is used to supply power to the component. The alarm module is electrically connected to the box detection module and receives signals from the pressure sensor and the micro switch to trigger an alarm.

[0083] At least four microswitches are provided and are evenly distributed in a circle. The fixing hooks are set to restrict the movement of the microswitches. The alarm module includes an alarm buzzer and an alarm filament. Both the alarm buzzer and the alarm filament are electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the microswitches.

[0084] In this embodiment, bolt loosening is detected by microswitches. Four microswitches are evenly distributed circumferentially. The microswitches are prevented from shifting by a double-limiting mechanism of the component fixing hooks and steps. The rotating pressure regulating component and the threaded connection of the connecting component allow for precise adjustment of the pressure monitoring threshold to accommodate different weight marking plates (preferably heavy-duty ±3%, medium-duty ±5%, light-duty ±8%). When installed near the aircraft stand at an airport, facing a high-humidity environment, the component fixing component is preferably made of 304 stainless steel with passivation treatment (no rust after 500 hours of salt spray testing). When installed at the end of a runway, facing the strong wind environment at the runway end, the sensor is preferably a thin-film pressure sensor. The waterproof cover of the thin-film pressure sensor is upgraded to a polycarbonate + tempered glass composite material (wind pressure resistance ≥1.2MPa), and a stainless steel windproof clip is added, with a pressure detection error ≤0.02N.

[0085] Furthermore, the tilt monitoring device includes a horizontal sensor, a tilt monitoring housing, and a dual-axis tilt sensor. The horizontal sensor is located at the bottom of the tilt monitoring housing, and the dual-axis tilt sensor is located inside the tilt monitoring housing to monitor the tilt angle along the taxiway direction and perpendicular to the taxiway direction respectively. The X-axis is preset to be along the taxiway direction, and the Y-axis is preset to be perpendicular to the taxiway direction. The tilt threshold for both the X-axis and the Y-axis is ±1.1 degrees. When the tilt angle in either direction exceeds the corresponding tilt threshold, a tilt anomaly alarm is triggered, and the tilt direction information is uploaded simultaneously.

[0086] In this embodiment, when the marker is placed at a taxiway intersection, it faces the risk of bidirectional tilting due to strong winds from both sides of the taxiway. A dual-axis tilt sensor monitors the X / Y axis tilt angles separately; an alarm is triggered if the tilt exceeds ±1.1 degrees in either direction, and the tilt direction is uploaded for targeted handling by maintenance personnel. Furthermore, when placed at the end of the runway, an L-shaped stainless steel bracket can be added to prevent the device from tilting itself (error ≤0.05 degrees), ensuring data reliability. In a preferred embodiment, it is equipped with a three-axis vibration and tilt monitoring function, with a monitoring resolution of 0.1 degrees and an accuracy of ±0.5 degrees. The alarm receiving terminal receives the switch signals from the front-end detector via a wired connection. When an anomaly is detected, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the alarm information is transmitted to the user's mobile phone or the monitoring system center via the network.

[0087] In one embodiment, the communication device is installed inside the enclosure. The communication device includes 4G / 5G communication components and wired communication components. The wired communication components are electrically connected to the tilt monitoring device, the vibration monitoring device, and the enclosure detection module, and are also electrically connected to the 4G / 5G communication components. The 4G / 5G communication components are connected to the alarm receiving terminal and the digital platform monitoring alarm system signals.

[0088] Its communication device also includes a signal enhancement module for the boarding bridge docking period. This module connects to the airport's boarding bridge dispatching system to obtain the boarding bridge docking plan. Ten minutes before the boarding bridge docking, the signal enhancement module increases the receiving power of the communication device, raising the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to over -78dBm, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission during the docking period. This communication device adopts a "data buffer-retransmission" mechanism, which solves the data interruption problem caused by the metal boarding bridges near the gate, further improving its transmission integrity rate.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the signal enhancement module for the boarding bridge docking period includes a data interface submodule, a time management submodule, a signal control submodule, and a 4G module. The data interface submodule connects to the airport's boarding bridge scheduling system to obtain the boarding bridge docking plan and extracts information through parsing. The time management submodule calculates the preparation and termination periods for boarding bridge docking based on the parsed information and generates a time trigger signal. The signal control submodule sends a power adjustment command to the 4G module according to the time trigger signal and obtains signal strength data in real time through the signal monitoring unit. The 4G module adjusts its power parameters according to the command to increase the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to above -78dBm, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission during the docking period.

[0090] Based on the aforementioned signal enhancement module for bridge docking periods, this invention also provides a signal enhancement method for bridge docking plans, comprising the following steps:

[0091] 1. Establish a data connection with the airport boarding bridge scheduling system through a pre-defined data interface submodule to obtain boarding bridge docking plan information. The docking plan information includes at least the target boarding bridge identifier, docking start time, and docking end time. Specifically, the data interface submodule is preferably an API interface that matches the airport boarding bridge scheduling system. The API interface uses encrypted transmission protocols such as HTTPS to ensure that the docking plan information is not tampered with or leaked during transmission, thus ensuring data security.

[0092] 2. Analyze the docking plan information to determine the docking preparation period for the target bridge. The docking preparation period is 10 minutes before the docking start time. The docking start time is extracted using a time analysis algorithm, and an automatic 10-minute advance is calculated as the signal enhancement start point to ensure signal optimization is completed before the docking operation begins.

[0093] 3. Upon reaching the docking preparation period, a power boost command is sent to the 4G module, controlling it to increase its signal reception power, raising the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to above -78dBm. After receiving the command, the 4G module enhances its signal reception capability by adjusting the gain parameters and transmit power of its RF front-end. Simultaneously, the signal strength is monitored in real time; if it does not reach above -78dBm, secondary parameter adjustments are made until the requirements are met.

[0094] 4. After the docking end time is reached, send a power recovery command to the 4G module to control the 4G module to restore the signal receiving power to the normal level (i.e., the signal strength is maintained at around -95dBm) in order to reduce power consumption.

[0095] Furthermore, the data transmission process of its communication device is as follows: the data is transmitted to the 4G module, encoded and modulated by the baseband processor, and then transmitted to the 4G base station by the radio frequency circuit through the antenna. After demodulation and decoding by the base station, the data is transmitted to the core network. The core network routes the data to the target device or security monitoring system according to the destination. The power supply module supports a wide voltage input of AC 100-240V and has a built-in backup lithium battery, which can maintain the system's continuous operation for ≥8 hours after power failure.

[0096] In one embodiment, the power supply module includes a bridge vibration power failure protection function. The bridge vibration power failure protection function monitors the vibration acceleration of the bridge docking in real time through a built-in vibration sensor. When the vibration acceleration is ≥8m / s², the main power supply is automatically cut off and switched to backup lithium battery power supply. The switching time is <0.1s, preventing the main power supply from causing system power failure due to poor contact caused by vibration.

[0097] In this embodiment, when faced with severe vibrations during the docking of the gate bridge, the built-in vibration sensor automatically switches to backup lithium battery power supply within 0.1s when the detected acceleration is ≥8m / s², preventing system power failure due to poor contact of the main power supply and ensuring continuous monitoring. The lithium battery supports an operating temperature of -30℃ to 60℃, making it suitable for the low-temperature environment of airports in winter.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, its digital platform monitoring and alarm system includes "data display - alarm classification - fault navigation" functions, which displays the monitoring data of each module in real time, classifies alarms according to regional risk levels (runway end > taxiway intersection > near aircraft position), and prioritizes pushing alarms in high-risk areas; it supports historical data backtracking, predicts the risk of loosening of sign bolts, and analyzes the loosening trend based on historical data (such as providing a 7-day advance warning of bolt fatigue damage based on vibration frequency changes), thereby providing data support for maintenance plan formulation.

[0099] Based on the aforementioned airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system, the present invention further provides the following embodiments for further illustration:

[0100] Example 1: A marker placed at the end of an airport runway (weight 65kg)

[0101] 1. Equipment Deployment

[0102] Pressure monitoring device 1: The diaphragm pressure sensor is attached to the ground, the waterproof cover is made of composite material, it is fixed with a windproof clip, and the pressure threshold is set at ±3%;

[0103] Vibration monitoring device: "Wake-crosswind composite impact filter module" is activated, composite acceleration threshold ≥18m / s² (lasting ≥3s);

[0104] Tilt monitoring device: equipped with an L-shaped stainless steel bracket, with a threshold set at ±1.3 degrees;

[0105] Lightning protection device: 30kA surge protector, connected to power supply resistance detection frequency correlated with humidity (15 minutes / time when ≥85%).

[0106] 2. Functional verification

[0107] Simulation test: Boeing 747 wake turbulence (18Hz, acceleration 12m / s²) + 22m / s crosswind (10Hz, acceleration 9m / s²), combined acceleration = √(12²+9²) = 15m / s² (lasting 2s), no alarm was triggered by the system;

[0108] Fault test: The bolts on the sign are loose by 1 / 3 (the bolt preload decreases by 35%), the pressure fluctuates by 4%, the tilt is 1.4 degrees, and the combined vibration is 18.5 m / s² (lasting for 5 seconds). The system will trigger an audible and visual alarm on site, and the communication device will upload the alarm to the digital platform. Maintenance personnel will arrive on site within 30 minutes to tighten the bolts. After the fault is resolved, the platform will reset the alarm.

[0109] Example 2: A sign installed at the intersection of a taxiway (weight 35kg)

[0110] 1. Equipment Deployment

[0111] Vibration monitoring device: "Multi-directional wake superposition calculation module 2" is enabled, and the thresholds for both the X-axis (eastward) and Y-axis (westward) are ≥20m / s² (lasting ≥4s).

[0112] Tilt monitoring device: "Two-way tilt monitoring mode" enabled, X / Y axis threshold ±1.1 degrees;

[0113] Outer shell: 3mm carbon fiber + I-shaped stainless steel connectors, increasing impact resistance by 50%.

[0114] 2. Functional verification

[0115] Simulation test: Eastbound Boeing 747 wake turbulence (20Hz, acceleration 12m / s²) + westbound Airbus A330 wake turbulence (15Hz, acceleration 16m / s²), vector sum = √(12²+16²) = 20m / s² (lasting 3s), no alarm from the system;

[0116] Fault test: The bolt on the X-axis side is loose, tilting by 1.2 degrees, with a vector sum of 21 m / s² (lasting for 6 seconds). The system alarms and uploads "X-axis tilt" information. Maintenance personnel should prioritize tightening the bolt on the east side and complete the repair within 25 minutes.

[0117] Example 3: Near-station marker sign (weight 18kg)

[0118] 1. Equipment Deployment

[0119] Pressure monitoring device 1: Component fixing parts are passivated, microswitch trigger delay is 1.5s, pressure threshold is ±8%;

[0120] Communication equipment: Activate "Gateway Docking Signal Enhancement", increase signal power 10 minutes before docking;

[0121] Power supply module: Enable "corridor vibration power failure protection", threshold ≥8m / s².

[0122] 2. Functional verification

[0123] Interference test: Corridor docking vibration (3Hz, acceleration 5m / s², lasting 1s), microswitch not triggered erroneously; docking deviation caused vibration of 9m / s², system switched to lithium battery power in 0.08s;

[0124] Environmental testing: After 6 months of operation at 85% humidity, no corrosion was found in the component fasteners, and the communication device maintained uninterrupted data transmission during the bridge docking period;

[0125] Fault test: Loose bolts caused a 9% pressure fluctuation, triggering a system alarm. Maintenance personnel completed the repair within 20 minutes.

[0126] As can be seen from the above embodiments, this invention effectively solves the problem of multi-source interference identification in special areas by setting up a wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module, a multi-directional wake superposition calculation module 2, and a boarding bridge docking signal enhancement module. It fills the technical gap in the industry for accurate monitoring of airport special area markers, effectively reduces the false alarm rate in special areas, accurately achieves bolt loosening early warning, and effectively reduces the probability of apron safety incidents. Furthermore, through vibration power-off protection and humidity-linked monitoring, its markers can adapt to harsh environments such as rain, thunderstorms, and high humidity, effectively reducing the device failure rate in harsh environments, increasing the service life of the markers, and further reducing the workload of manual maintenance. Moreover, it can flexibly adapt to the special area needs of different airports (plateau, coastal, hub), and can be applied by adjusting parameters, providing a replicable technical solution for intelligent monitoring of airport markers worldwide.

[0127] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components; and they can also refer to a "transmission connection," that is, a power connection through various suitable methods such as belt drive, gear drive, or sprocket drive. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. An airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system, wherein the system is capable of monitoring the loosening status of taxiway guidance signs in different areas of an airport, characterized in that, The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system includes: airport taxiway guidance signs, pressure monitoring devices, lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring devices, tilt monitoring devices, vibration monitoring devices, communication devices, alarm receiving terminals, and a digital platform monitoring and alarm system; The pressure monitoring device is installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign to monitor the pressure status of the airport taxiway guidance sign. The lightning protection and insulation circuit monitoring device is installed on the power input side of the sign to detect the grounding status of the power supply. The tilt monitoring device and vibration monitoring device are both installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign. The communication device is installed inside the box of the airport taxiway guidance sign and is electrically connected to the tilt monitoring device, vibration monitoring device, and pressure monitoring device. The alarm receiving terminal and digital platform monitoring alarm system are installed in a remote server to receive, analyze, and display the signals transmitted by each device inside the sign box. The vibration monitoring device includes a multi-directional wake superposition calculation module for processing multi-directional wake superposition vibration signals and a wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module for separating wake and crosswind vibration signals. The multi-directional wake superposition calculation module can collect vibration acceleration in different directions of the airport taxiway and monitor the superposition vibration intensity. The wake-crosswind composite impact filtering module can identify 15-25Hz wake vibration and 8-12Hz crosswind vibration respectively and calculate and monitor the composite vibration intensity. The pressure monitoring device includes a housing detection module, a power supply module, and an alarm module. The housing detection module includes a rotating pressure regulating component, a connecting component, a housing, a bottom cover, a micro switch, a component fixing component, and a pressure sensor. The housing is hollow inside to accommodate the components. The bottom cover, the micro switch, and the pressure sensor are all located at the bottom of the housing. One end of the rotary pressure regulating component has a threaded outer circumferential surface, and the other end protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form a limiting boss. The inner circumferential surface of the connector is threaded, and one end protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form an abutment boss. The connector abuts against the top of the outer shell through the abutment boss, and the rotating pressure adjusting component is threadedly connected to the connector. One end of the component fixing member protrudes outward perpendicular to the axis to form a snap-fit ​​boss. The outer diameter of the other end of the component fixing member is the same as the inner diameter of the housing. The inner circumferential surface of the component fixing member is provided with a slot that matches the size of the micro switch to fix the micro switch. The component fixing member is snapped onto the bottom of the housing through the snap-fit ​​boss. The micro switch is disposed in the slot. The bottom cover is located at the bottom of the micro switch and contacts the contacts of the micro switch. The pressure sensor is located at the bottom of the bottom cover and is in contact with the ground. The component fixing member has a fixing hook inside, which is used to prevent the micro switch from moving; the component fixing member has an internal recess on one side of the locking boss, and the inner diameter of the recess is the same as the outer diameter of the other side of the component fixing member, forming a step. When the micro switch is in the slot, it is blocked by the step. The power supply module is used to supply power to the component. The alarm module is electrically connected to the box detection module and receives signals from the pressure sensor and the micro switch to trigger an alarm.

2. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-directional wake superposition calculation module includes a dual-axis accelerometer and a vector sum calculation unit. The dual-axis accelerometer collects vibration accelerations in different directions on the airport taxiway, and the vector sum calculation unit calculates the accelerations using the formula "vector sum = ... "The superimposed vibration intensity of the taxiway in different directions in real time is calculated. When the superimposed vibration intensity is ≥20m / s² and the duration is ≥4s, a vibration abnormality alarm is triggered." 3. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wake crosswind composite impact filtering module includes a vibration sensing layer, a signal processing core, an output interface layer, and an alarm mechanism. The vibration sensing layer includes a triaxial accelerometer to collect raw vibration signals, with a sampling frequency of not less than 200Hz. The signal processing core includes a dual-band identification chip and a composite acceleration calculation unit. The dual-band identification chip identifies wake vibrations (15-25Hz) and crosswind vibrations (8-12Hz) respectively. The composite acceleration calculation unit calculates the composite acceleration using the formula: Composite Acceleration = ... The composite vibration intensity is calculated. The output interface layer includes a digital signal output and an alarm trigger interface. The digital signal output is electrically connected to the composite acceleration calculation unit, and the alarm trigger interface is electrically connected to the alarm mechanism. When the composite vibration intensity is ≥18m / s² and the duration is ≥3s, a vibration abnormality alarm is triggered.

4. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airport taxiway guidance sign includes a housing and a supporting connector. The housing is installed in the airport via the supporting connector. The pressure monitoring device is used to monitor the pressure status of the housing and the supporting connector. The supporting connector is hollow inside and accommodates the pressure monitoring device. The bottom of the supporting connector and the pressure monitoring device are located on the same horizontal plane.

5. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microswitches are provided at least four and are evenly distributed in a circle. The fixing hooks are provided corresponding to the microswitches to restrict their movement. The alarm module includes an alarm buzzer and an alarm filament, both of which are electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the microswitches.

6. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tilt monitoring device includes a horizontal sensor, a tilt monitoring housing, and a dual-axis tilt sensor. The horizontal sensor is disposed at the bottom of the tilt monitoring housing, and the dual-axis tilt sensor is disposed inside the tilt monitoring housing to monitor the tilt angle along the sliding track direction and perpendicular to the sliding track direction, respectively. The X-axis is defined as the direction along the taxiway, and the Y-axis is defined as the direction perpendicular to the taxiway. The tilt threshold for both the X-axis and the Y-axis is ±1.1 degrees. When the tilt angle in either direction exceeds the corresponding tilt threshold, a tilt anomaly alarm is triggered, and the tilt direction information is uploaded simultaneously.

7. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication device is installed inside the enclosure. The communication device includes 4G / 5G communication components and wired communication components. The wired communication components are electrically connected to the tilt monitoring device, vibration monitoring device, enclosure detection module, and the 4G / 5G communication components. The 4G / 5G communication components are connected to the alarm receiving terminal and the digital platform monitoring alarm system.

8. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The communication device also includes a boarding bridge docking period signal enhancement module, which is connected to the airport's boarding bridge dispatching system to obtain the boarding bridge docking plan. Ten minutes before the boarding bridge docking, the boarding bridge docking period signal enhancement module increases the receiving power of the communication device, thereby increasing the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to above -78dBm, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission during the docking period.

9. The airport taxiway guidance sign loosening monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The signal enhancement module for the connecting period of the corridor bridge includes a data interface submodule, a time management submodule, a signal control submodule, and a 4G module; The data interface submodule connects to the airport's boarding bridge scheduling system to obtain the boarding bridge docking plan and extract information through parsing. The time management submodule calculates the preparation and termination periods for boarding bridge docking based on the parsed information and generates a time trigger signal. The signal control submodule sends a power adjustment command to the 4G module according to the time trigger signal and obtains signal strength data in real time through the signal monitoring unit. The 4G module adjusts the power parameters according to the command to increase the 4G signal strength from -95dBm to above -78dBm, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission during the docking period. The power supply module includes a bridge vibration power failure protection function. The bridge vibration power failure protection function monitors the vibration acceleration of the bridge docking in real time through a built-in vibration sensor. When the vibration acceleration is ≥8m / s², the main power supply is automatically cut off and switched to backup lithium battery power supply. The switching time is <0.1s to prevent the main power supply from causing the system to lose power due to poor contact caused by vibration.

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