Method for lightning stroke point positioning of transmission line based on tower residual magnetism detection and related device

Abstract

The method and related device for lightning stroke point positioning of a power transmission line based on tower residual magnetism detection, comprising: acquiring the residual magnetic field distribution of a tower body after lightning current with different amplitudes flows through the tower and the distribution of the space magnetic field around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field; establishing a criterion for whether lightning current flows through the tower according to the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning current with different amplitudes flows through the tower and the distribution of the space magnetic field around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field; after lightning stroke, acquiring the distribution of the space magnetic field around the tower by using a drone according to the criterion; and performing targeted residual magnetic field measurement on the surface of the tower with the distribution of the space magnetic field, to determine whether lightning current flows through the tower. The lightning stroke fault point of the power transmission line is found and positioned by using magnetic field detection, so that the lightning stroke fault point is accurately positioned, which greatly improves the troubleshooting efficiency of the insulation defects of the power transmission line and has important significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lightning strike fault location technology for power transmission lines, and specifically relates to a method and related device for locating lightning strike points on power transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers. Background Technology

[0002] The steel used in poles and towers is a ferromagnetic material. Ferromagnetic materials are magnetized when exposed to an external magnetic field, and even after the external magnetic field is removed, a residual magnetic field remains within the material. If this residual magnetic field is not specifically demagnetized, it will persist within the steel for a long time.

[0003] When a transmission line is struck by lightning, a direct lightning strike will discharge current through the tower. If the tower's grounding resistance is high and the lightning current is too large, it will backflash onto the transmission line. If the line experiences a side-strike, it may cause flashover of the insulators. In both cases, a large lightning current will flow through the tower, and the insulators on the tower may develop local defects, reducing the insulation strength at the fault location and easily triggering the next fault. These local insulation defects need to be investigated promptly, but because the damage marks of local defects are usually not obvious, they are difficult to detect during routine manual line inspections. Current lightning location systems cannot pinpoint the location to a single tower, and a detailed inspection of every tower level would require a significant investment of manpower. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and related device for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers, so as to solve the problem that current lightning location systems cannot locate individual towers, and that a large amount of manpower would be required if each tower were to be thoroughly investigated.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers includes:

[0007] The tower was modeled using finite element simulation software, and a scaled-down equivalent experiment was conducted to obtain the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flowed through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0008] Based on the distribution of the residual magnetic field of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field, a criterion for whether lightning current flows through the tower is established.

[0009] According to the criteria, after the lightning strike, a drone was used to obtain the spatial magnetic field distribution around the tower;

[0010] On-site, residual magnetic field measurements were performed on the surface of towers with spatial magnetic field distribution to determine whether lightning current flowed through the towers.

[0011] Furthermore, finite element simulation was performed using COMSOL software, with the following steps:

[0012] ① Create a three-dimensional geometric model of the tower, refine the model using SOLIDWORKS, and then import it into COMSOL;

[0013] ② Definition of physical parameters, including the definition of material properties and the definition of magnetic field environment. By defining physical parameters, the conductivity of the magnetic field and the applied load are determined. These parameters include isotropic and anisotropic properties.

[0014] ③ Selection of finite element elements and mesh generation: COMSOL software's mesh generator generates "freely partitioned tetrahedral" meshes.

[0015] ④ Model solving: The COMSOL software solver calculates the model using an iterative method, automatically calculating the electromagnetic field. After the calculation is completed, the flux lines, magnetic flux density, and magnetic field strength distribution data can be obtained through processing.

[0016] ⑤ Visual post-processing: Display magnetic force, magnetic field lines, magnetic field strength, node or unit magnetic potential data online, and display the calculation results in the form of graphs or lists.

[0017] Furthermore, a scaled-down model of the tower was assembled using the same steel as the actual tower, and a scaled-down test platform for lightning-struck towers was built. After a lightning current impact, the residual magnetic field at various locations on the tower body and the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower were measured. Before the next lightning current impact, the tower was demagnetized, and lightning current impact tests of different amplitudes were conducted. The tests were repeated multiple times, and the distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flowed through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field were obtained through the experimental measured data.

[0018] Furthermore, a three-axis fluxgate sensor is embedded in the drone to detect the three-dimensional spatial magnetic field, enabling the detection and storage of the magnetic field at multiple points in the space around the tower, and drawing a spatial magnetic field distribution map around the tower.

[0019] Furthermore, during flight, the system detects the surrounding magnetic field and transmits the real-time data to the control terminal via a wireless network. The terminal displays the three-axis intensity and vector direction of the magnetic field in real time. After a flight, the system displays a map of the magnetic field distribution around the tower and automatically analyzes the interference of the magnetic field with the tower's residual magnetic field to determine the magnitude of the tower's residual magnetic field.

[0020] Furthermore, on-site measurements of the residual magnetic field on the surface of towers with spatial magnetic field distribution were conducted using Hall effect magnetic measuring instruments.

[0021] Furthermore, during on-site testing, the spatial magnetic field around the tower was first detected using a drone-based spatial magnetic field detection device. If the spatial magnetic field increased significantly, a handheld gaussmeter was then used to detect the residual magnetic field of the tower body. The detection data of the spatial magnetic field and the residual magnetic field of the tower body were used together to determine whether lightning current flowed through the tower.

[0022] Furthermore, a transmission line lightning strike location system based on tower residual magnetism detection includes:

[0023] The magnetic field distribution detection module is used to model the tower using finite element simulation software and to conduct scaled-down equivalent experiments to obtain the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0024] The criterion module is used to establish a criterion for whether a lightning current flows through a tower based on the distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0025] The judgment module is used to obtain the spatial magnetic field distribution around the tower using a drone after a lightning strike, based on the criteria; and to conduct targeted residual magnetic field measurements on the surface of the tower with the spatial magnetic field distribution to determine whether lightning current flows through the tower.

[0026] Furthermore, a computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of a method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers.

[0027] Furthermore, a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0029] This invention addresses the issue that after a lightning strike, the tower generates a massive magnetic field due to the enormous amplitude of the lightning current. This magnetic field magnetizes the tower, and even after the external magnetic field is removed, a residual magnetic field of considerable strength remains inside. Given the tower's large overall structure, this residual magnetic field influences the surrounding magnetic field. Based on the detection technology for the residual magnetic field generated by the lightning current flowing through the tower and the surrounding magnetic field, this invention utilizes a handheld gaussmeter to detect the residual magnetic field within the tower and a drone with a built-in three-axis fluxgate sensor to detect the surrounding magnetic field. This method determines whether a lightning current has flowed through the tower, thereby pinpointing and locating lightning-induced faults in transmission lines. This precise location of the fault significantly improves the efficiency of detecting insulation defects in transmission lines and is of great importance. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for locating and positioning lightning strike fault points in power transmission lines according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hysteresis loop of a ferromagnetic material;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a scaled-down experiment on a lightning-struck tower.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a drone detecting the magnetic field around a pole. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: using finite element simulation software to perform fine modeling of the tower, establishing a residual magnetic field distribution model of the tower after lightning strike, and calculating the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning current of different amplitudes flows through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0036] A scaled-down equivalent experiment was conducted. A scaled-down model of the tower was assembled using the same steel as the actual tower, and a scaled-down test platform for lightning-struck towers was built. After a lightning current impact, the residual magnetic field at various locations on the tower body and the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower were measured. Before the next lightning current impact, the tower was demagnetized to control variables, and lightning current impact tests of different amplitudes were conducted. The test was repeated multiple times. The distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flowed through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field were obtained through the experimental measured data.

[0037] A three-axis fluxgate sensor is integrated into a drone, which is also equipped with a corresponding data acquisition unit. This allows for the detection of three-dimensional spatial magnetic fields, with a measurement range of 1–1000 microtesla and an accuracy of 0.1 microtesla. The drone's flight path can be set at the control terminal, enabling the detection and storage of magnetic fields at multiple points in the space surrounding the tower, and generating a spatial magnetic field distribution map. During flight, the system simultaneously detects the surrounding spatial magnetic field and transmits real-time data to the control terminal via a wireless network, displaying the three-axis intensity and vector direction of the spatial magnetic field in real time. After a flight, the system displays the spatial magnetic field distribution map around the tower and automatically analyzes the interference of the tower's residual magnetic field, determining the magnitude of the tower's residual magnetic field.

[0038] After determining the locations with larger residual magnetic fields in the tower body after lightning current flows through the tower through simulation and scaled-down tests, the residual magnetic field on the surface of these locations was measured on-site.

[0039] The criteria for determining whether a power pole carries lightning current were established after simulation calculations and scaled-down experiments to obtain the residual magnetism of the tower body and the distribution of the magnetic field around the tower under different amplitude lightning currents. During field testing, a UAV-based spatial magnetic field detection device was first used to detect the magnetic field around the tower. If the spatial magnetic field significantly increased, a handheld gaussmeter was then used to detect the residual magnetic field of the tower body. The data from the spatial magnetic field and the residual magnetic field of the tower body were used together to determine whether a lightning current carried lightning current.

[0040] The basic principle of this application is based on the detection technology of residual magnetic field generated by lightning current flowing through the tower body after a lightning strike and the magnetic field of the space around the tower. A handheld gaussmeter is used to detect the residual magnetic field of the tower body, and a drone with a built-in three-axis fluxgate sensor is used to detect the magnetic field of the space around the tower to determine whether lightning current flows through the tower, thereby locating the lightning strike fault point of the transmission line. Figure 1 The diagram shows the hysteresis loop of a ferromagnetic material. It can be seen that a ferromagnetic material can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and will leave a residual magnetic field after the external magnetic field is removed. This is the theoretical basis of this application.

[0041] The application mentions using finite element simulation software to create a detailed model of the tower, establishing a residual magnetic field distribution model after a lightning strike, and calculating the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0042] The basic steps for finite element simulation using COMSOL software are as follows: ① Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the tower. Due to the complexity of the tower structure, a refined model is created using SOLIDWORKS before importing it into COMSOL. ② Define physical parameters, including material properties and the magnetic field environment. By defining physical parameters, the conductivity of the magnetic field and the applied load (magnetization) are determined. These parameters include isotropic and anisotropic properties and can be functions of spatial coordinates, model variables, and time. ③ Select finite element elements and mesh generation. Elements are fundamental to constructing the finite element model, and element selection is crucial for finite element analysis. COMSOL's mesh generator can generate triangular, quadrilateral, and tetrahedral elements. Quadrilateral and tetrahedral elements, which offer higher computational accuracy, are most commonly used. During simulation, a "freely meshed tetrahedral" mesh is selected. ④ Solve the model. The COMSOL solver calculates the model using an iterative method, automatically calculating the electromagnetic field. After calculation, data such as flux lines, magnetic flux density, and magnetic field strength distribution can be obtained through processing. ⑤ Visual post-processing: It can display data such as magnetic force, magnetic field lines, magnetic field strength, and magnetic potential of nodes or units online. After reading the calculation results, it can display them in the form of graphs or lists for subsequent analysis.

[0043] The scaled-down equivalent experiment mentioned in this application involves assembling a scaled-down model of the tower using the same steel as the actual tower, and building a scaled-down test platform for lightning-struck towers. After a lightning current impact, the residual magnetic field at various locations on the tower body and the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower are measured. Before the next lightning current impact, the tower needs to be demagnetized to control variables, and then lightning current impact tests of different amplitudes are conducted. The tests are repeated multiple times, and the distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field are obtained through the experimental measured data. Figure 2 For a scaled-down experiment of lightning strike on a tower, an impulse current generator was used to simulate lightning current. The waveform and amplitude of the output current were measured using a Rogowski coil. The four tower legs were connected together as one end, and the tower top was used as the other end. A lightning current was applied to the tower between the two ends.

[0044] The UAV-based device for detecting space magnetic fields mentioned in this application, Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the on-site testing. A three-axis fluxgate sensor is built into the drone. The three-axis fluxgate sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, high linearity, and low drift. Compared with Hall effect-based magnetic measurement instruments, it can more accurately measure weak magnetic fields in space and perform three-dimensional vector analysis. The drone is also equipped with a data acquisition unit using advanced digital signal processing technology corresponding to the three-axis fluxgate sensor. It can detect three-dimensional spatial magnetic fields with a measurement range of 1–1000 microtesla and an accuracy of 0.1 microtesla. The drone's flight path can be set at the drone control terminal to detect and save the magnetic field at multiple points in the space around the tower, and draw a spatial magnetic field distribution map around the tower. During flight, while detecting the spatial magnetic field, real-time data is transmitted to the control terminal via wireless network, and the three-axis intensity and vector direction of the spatial magnetic field are displayed in real time on the terminal. After a flight, the spatial magnetic field distribution map around the tower is displayed, and the interference of the spatial magnetic field with the tower's residual magnetic field is automatically analyzed to determine the magnitude of the tower's residual magnetic field.

[0045] This application describes identifying locations with significant residual magnetic fields within the tower after lightning current flows through it. Surface residual magnetic field measurements are then performed at these locations on-site. Hall effect magnetic measuring instruments are employed. The Hall effect occurs when an external magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flowing through a conductor, generating an electromotive force perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current. The Hall effect is particularly pronounced in some semiconductors. Hall devices are among the earliest and still widely used magnetic field detection devices. Their advantages include small size, strong output signal, good linearity, excellent frequency characteristics, and the output signal being directly dependent on the magnetic field value. Furthermore, they are easily integrated into IC devices.

[0046] The criteria for determining whether lightning current flows through a tower mentioned in this application Figure 4 This is a flowchart. After obtaining the residual magnetism of the tower body and the distribution of the magnetic field around the tower under different amplitude lightning currents through simulation calculations and scaled-down experiments, a criterion for whether lightning current flows through the tower is established. During on-site testing, the magnetic field around the tower is first detected using a UAV-based spatial magnetic field detection device. If the spatial magnetic field increases significantly, the residual magnetic field of the tower body is then detected using a handheld gaussmeter. The detection data of the spatial magnetic field and the residual magnetic field of the tower body are used together to determine whether lightning current flows through the tower.

[0047] In another embodiment of the present invention, a transmission line lightning strike point location system based on tower residual magnetism detection is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned transmission line lightning strike point location method based on tower residual magnetism detection. Specifically, the system includes:

[0048] The magnetic field distribution detection module is used to model the tower using finite element simulation software and to conduct scaled-down equivalent experiments to obtain the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0049] The criterion module is used to establish a criterion for whether a lightning current flows through a tower based on the distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field.

[0050] The judgment module is used to obtain the spatial magnetic field distribution around the tower using a drone after a lightning strike, based on the criteria; and to conduct targeted residual magnetic field measurements on the surface of the tower with the spatial magnetic field distribution to determine whether lightning current flows through the tower.

[0051] The module division in this embodiment of the invention is illustrative and represents only one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the invention can be integrated into a single processor, exist as separate physical entities, or be integrated into a single module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0052] In another embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used in the operation of a method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers.

[0053] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the transmission line lightning strike point location method based on tower residual magnetism detection in the above embodiments.

[0054] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0055] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0056] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0057] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers, characterized in that, include: The tower was modeled using finite element simulation software, and a scaled-down equivalent experiment was conducted to obtain the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flowed through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field. Based on the distribution of the residual magnetic field of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field, a criterion for whether lightning current flows through the tower is established. According to the criteria, after the lightning strike, a drone was used to obtain the spatial magnetic field distribution around the tower; On-site, residual magnetic field measurements were performed on the surface of towers with spatial magnetic field distribution to determine whether lightning current flowed through the towers. A scaled-down model of a tower was assembled using the same steel as the actual tower, and a scaled-down test platform for lightning-struck towers was built. After a lightning current impact, the residual magnetic field at various locations on the tower body and the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower were measured. Before the next lightning current impact, the tower was demagnetized, and lightning current impact tests of different amplitudes were conducted. The tests were repeated multiple times. The distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flowed through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field were obtained through the experimental measured data. A three-axis fluxgate sensor is built into a drone to detect three-dimensional spatial magnetic fields, enabling the detection and storage of magnetic fields at multiple points in the space around the tower, and drawing a spatial magnetic field distribution map around the tower.

2. The method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for performing finite element simulation using COMSOL software are as follows: ① Create a three-dimensional geometric model of the tower, refine the model using SOLIDWORKS, and then import it into COMSOL; ② Definition of physical parameters, including the definition of material properties and the definition of magnetic field environment. By defining physical parameters, the conductivity of the magnetic field and the applied load are determined. These parameters include isotropic and anisotropic properties. ③ Selection of finite element elements and mesh generation: The mesh generator of COMSOL software generates "freely partitioned tetrahedral" meshes. ④ Model solving: The COMSOL software solver calculates the model using an iterative method, automatically calculating the electromagnetic field. After the calculation is completed, the flux lines, magnetic flux density, and magnetic field strength distribution data can be obtained through processing. ⑤ Visual post-processing: Display magnetic force, magnetic field lines, magnetic field strength, node or unit magnetic potential data online, and display the calculation results in the form of graphs or lists.

3. The method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, During flight, the system detects the surrounding magnetic field and transmits real-time data to the control terminal via a wireless network. The terminal displays the three-axis intensity and vector direction of the magnetic field in real time. After a flight, the system displays a map of the magnetic field distribution around the tower and automatically analyzes the interference of the magnetic field with the tower's residual magnetic field to determine the magnitude of the tower's residual magnetic field.

4. The method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, On-site, residual magnetic field measurements were performed on the surface of towers with spatial magnetic field distribution using Hall effect magnetic measuring instruments.

5. The method for locating lightning strike points on transmission lines based on residual magnetism detection of towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, During on-site testing, the spatial magnetic field around the tower was first detected using a drone-based spatial magnetic field detection device. If the spatial magnetic field increased significantly, a handheld gaussmeter was then used to detect the residual magnetic field of the tower body. The detection data of the spatial magnetic field and the residual magnetic field of the tower body were used together to determine whether lightning current flowed through the tower.

6. A transmission line lightning strike point location system based on tower residual magnetism detection, characterized in that, include: The magnetic field distribution detection module is used to model the tower using finite element simulation software and to conduct scaled-down equivalent experiments to obtain the residual magnetic field distribution of the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower, as well as the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field. The criterion module is used to establish a criterion for whether a lightning current flows through a tower based on the distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flow through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space around the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field. The judgment module is used to obtain the spatial magnetic field distribution around the tower using a drone after a lightning strike, based on the judgment criteria. On-site, residual magnetic field measurements were performed on the surface of towers with spatial magnetic field distribution to determine whether lightning current flowed through the towers. A scaled-down model of a tower was assembled using the same steel as the actual tower, and a scaled-down test platform for lightning-struck towers was built. After a lightning current impact, the residual magnetic field at various locations on the tower body and the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower were measured. Before the next lightning current impact, the tower was demagnetized, and lightning current impact tests of different amplitudes were conducted. The tests were repeated multiple times. The distribution of the residual magnetic field on the tower body after lightning currents of different amplitudes flowed through the tower and the distribution of the magnetic field in the space surrounding the tower under the influence of the residual magnetic field were obtained through the experimental measured data. A three-axis fluxgate sensor is built into a drone to detect three-dimensional spatial magnetic fields, enabling the detection and storage of magnetic fields at multiple points in the space around the tower, and drawing a spatial magnetic field distribution map around the tower.

7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the transmission line lightning strike point location method based on tower residual magnetism detection as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the transmission line lightning strike point location method based on tower residual magnetism detection as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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