Leaky-wave antenna and wireless device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of communication, and discloses a leaky-wave antenna and wireless equipment. The leaky-wave antenna comprises a first wave guide structure and at least one first radiation structure arranged on the first wave guide structure. The first radiation structure comprises a first extension section and a second extension section, one end of the first extension section is connected with the first waveguide structure, and the other end of the first extension section is connected with the second extension section. Moreover, the extension direction of the first extension section is perpendicular to the first plane, the extension direction of the second extension section is parallel to the first plane, and the first plane is the plane where the surface, facing the first radiation structure, of the first wave guide structure is located. Therefore, the leaky-wave antenna can ensure the working performance and realize the miniaturization design at the same time, and the application range is effectively expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a leaky antenna and a wireless device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, antennas need to have beam scanning characteristics to improve signal coverage quality and transmission efficiency, and reduce unnecessary energy loss. Among them, leaky wave antennas have great potential in applications such as beam coverage and tunability, identification and positioning in fields such as the Internet of Things, smart antennas, and wireless access, due to their low manufacturing cost, simple feeding structure and beam scanning characteristics.

[0003] However, in order to achieve better radiation performance, current leaky wave antennas are relatively large in size and have limited applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a leaky antenna and a wireless device. By rationally designing the radiation structure of the leaky antenna, miniaturization can be achieved while ensuring the working performance of the leaky antenna, effectively expanding its application range.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a leaky wave antenna. The leaky wave antenna includes a first waveguide structure and at least one first radiating structure disposed on the first waveguide structure. The first radiating structure includes a first extension segment and a second extension segment, one end of the first extension segment being connected to the first waveguide structure, and the other end of the first extension segment being connected to the second extension segment. Furthermore, the extension direction of the first extension segment is perpendicular to a first plane, and the extension direction of the second extension segment is parallel to the first plane, where the first plane is the plane containing the surface of the first waveguide structure facing the first radiating structure.

[0006] According to the embodiments of this application, on the one hand, the second extension segment can act as a standing wave resonant unit to generate resonance, thereby introducing a standing wave mode, while the first extension segment still maintains the radiation characteristics of a traveling wave, ultimately forming a hybrid mode of traveling wave mode and standing wave mode. That is, the leaky wave antenna can operate in a hybrid mode of traveling wave mode and standing wave mode. The leaky wave antenna operating in both traveling wave mode and standing wave mode can achieve better radiation performance and can have fewer first radiating structures, thereby effectively reducing the length of the leaky wave antenna. On the other hand, since the second extension segment of the first radiating structure extends parallel to the first plane rather than perpendicular to it, the first radiating structure can occupy less space in the direction perpendicular to the first plane. In this way, the cross-sectional height of the leaky wave antenna along the direction perpendicular to the first plane can be effectively reduced.

[0007] In summary, the aforementioned leaky wave antennas can have a smaller size, thus enabling their application in space-constrained scenarios, making them widely applicable and cost-effective.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky antenna includes a first metal structure and a second metal structure. The extension directions of the first and second metal structures are opposite, and they are respectively parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure. The first and second metal structures are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the first plane, and are connected by a first feeding structure. One end of the first metal structure along its extension direction is connected to one end of the first waveguide structure along its extension direction.

[0009] According to the embodiments of this application, the first metal structure and the second metal structure can together constitute a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby introducing a horizontal polarization component, which in turn helps to achieve circular polarization of the leaky antenna.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a portion of the second extension is located in the orthographic projection region of the first plane, on one side of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure along a first direction, the first direction being parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure.

[0011] This effectively increases the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky antenna and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky wave antenna includes at least one third metal structure connected to the first waveguide structure, and the third metal structure is located on one side of the first waveguide structure along a first direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure.

[0013] This effectively increases the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky antenna and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, at least one third metal structure corresponds one-to-one with at least one first radiating structure, and the third metal structure and a portion of the corresponding second extension are located on opposite sides of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure in the first plane along the first direction.

[0015] This can further increase the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky antenna and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky antenna includes a fourth metal structure and a fifth metal structure. The fourth and fifth metal structures extend in opposite directions, and are respectively parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure. The fourth and fifth metal structures are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the first plane. The fourth and fifth metal structures are connected by a second feeding structure. One end of the fourth metal structure along its extension direction is connected to the other end of the first waveguide structure along its extension direction.

[0017] According to the embodiments of this application, the fourth metal structure and the fifth metal structure can together constitute a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby introducing a horizontal polarization component, which in turn helps to achieve circular polarization of the leaky antenna.

[0018] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, there are multiple first radiating structures, which are rotationally symmetric about the center of the first waveguide structure, wherein the center of the first waveguide structure is the center along its extension direction. This is more conducive to realizing the beam scanning function of the leaky antenna and improving its performance.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky wave antenna includes a second waveguide structure and at least one second radiating structure disposed on the second waveguide structure. The second waveguide structure intersects with the first waveguide structure, and the surface of the second waveguide structure facing the second radiating structure is parallel to the first plane. The second radiating structure includes a third extension and a fourth extension, one end of the third extension being connected to the second waveguide structure and the other end being connected to the fourth extension. Furthermore, the extension direction of the third extension is perpendicular to the first plane, and the extension direction of the fourth extension is parallel to the first plane.

[0020] In the aforementioned leaky wave antenna, electromagnetic waves can propagate not only along the first waveguide structure but also along the second waveguide structure. Therefore, electromagnetic coverage in two-dimensional space can be achieved, thereby further expanding the scope of application.

[0021] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky wave antenna includes a sixth metal structure and a seventh metal structure. The extension directions of the sixth and seventh metal structures are opposite, and they are parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure, respectively. The sixth and seventh metal structures are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the first plane, and are connected by a third feeding structure. One end of the sixth metal structure along its extension direction is connected to one end of the second waveguide structure along its extension direction.

[0022] According to the embodiments of this application, the sixth metal structure and the seventh metal structure can together constitute a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby introducing a horizontal polarization component, which in turn helps to achieve circular polarization of the leaky antenna.

[0023] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a portion of the fourth extension is located in the orthographic projection region of the first plane, on one side of the orthographic projection region of the second waveguide structure along a second direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure.

[0024] In this way, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be effectively increased, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky antenna and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0025] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the radiation array formed by the first and second radiation structures is rotationally symmetric about the intersection of the first and second waveguide structures.

[0026] This allows for a more uniform distribution of the first and second radiating structures, which helps to further improve radiation performance and makes the overall structure of the leaky antenna more compact.

[0027] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky wave antenna includes at least one eighth metal structure connected to the second waveguide structure, and the eighth metal structure is located on one side of the second waveguide structure along a second direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure.

[0028] In this way, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be effectively increased, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky antenna and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0029] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky antenna includes at least one third metal structure connected to the first waveguide structure. The third metal structure is located on one side of the first waveguide structure along a first direction, which is parallel to a first plane and perpendicular to the extending direction of the first waveguide structure. The structure formed by the third metal structure and the eighth metal structure is rotationally symmetric about the intersection of the first and second waveguide structures.

[0030] This allows for a more uniform distribution of the third and eighth metal structures, which helps to further improve the radiation performance of the leaky antenna and also makes the overall structure of the leaky antenna more compact.

[0031] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky antenna includes a shielding structure disposed parallel to the first plane, the shielding structure being disposed on the side of the first waveguide structure facing away from the first radiating structure, and the surface of the shielding structure facing away from the first waveguide structure forming part of the outer surface of the leaky antenna.

[0032] The aforementioned shielding structure can block and shield interference from other signals from other devices (e.g., other antennas) on the signal of the leaky antenna, thereby improving the robustness of the leaky antenna performance.

[0033] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the leaky wave antenna includes a guiding structure mounted on a shielding structure, the guiding structure being sideways relative to the shielding structure in a direction perpendicular to the first plane and located on the periphery of the first waveguide structure, the surface of the guiding structure facing away from the first waveguide structure constituting another part of the outer surface of the leaky wave antenna.

[0034] The aforementioned directing structure can be used as a director to adjust the radiation direction of the leaky antenna, thereby improving the performance of the leaky antenna.

[0035] Secondly, this application provides a wireless device that includes any of the leaky antennas described in the first aspect and any possible implementations of the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0037] Figure 2 Exemplary structures of leaky antennas in some technical solutions are shown;

[0038] Figure 3 A perspective view of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of antenna radiation in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0040] Figure 5A according to Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0041] Figure 5B according to Figure 3 The vertical radiation pattern of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein,

[0042] Figure 5C according to Figure 3 The horizontal radiation pattern of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown, where θ = 55°;

[0043] Figure 6This paper shows a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the radiation pattern of the leaky antenna under different spacing g in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 7 This paper shows a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the radiation pattern of the leaky wave antenna at different heights h in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 8A A perspective view of a leaky antenna with circular polarization characteristics according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0046] Figure 8B An exploded view of a leaky antenna with circular polarization characteristics according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0047] Figure 9 according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein,

[0048] Figure 10A An exemplary structure of the second extension segment in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0049] Figure 10B An exemplary structure two of the second extension segment in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0050] Figure 11A A perspective view of a two-dimensional leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0051] Figure 11B An exploded view of the two-dimensional leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0052] Figure 12A according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the two-dimensional leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0053] Figure 12B according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B The vertical radiation pattern of the two-dimensional leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein,

[0054] Figure 12C according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B The horizontal radiation pattern of the two-dimensional leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown, where θ = 45°;

[0055] Figure 13 according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0056] Figure 14A The top view of the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure in the embodiments of this application is shown;

[0057] Figure 14B A top view of the metal plate containing the first waveguide structure, second waveguide structure, first metal structure, third metal structure, fourth metal structure, sixth metal structure, eighth metal structure and ninth metal structure in the embodiments of this application is shown.

[0058] Figure 14C A top view of the metal plates containing the second, fifth, seventh, tenth, and eleventh metal structures in the embodiments of this application is shown.

[0059] Figure 14D A top view of the shielding structure in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0060] Figure 15 Exemplary structures of two-dimensional leaky antennas are shown in some other embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, some concepts or terms involved in this application will be explained first.

[0062] (1) Traveling-wave antenna: The current on the surface of a traveling-wave antenna is distributed according to the characteristics of a traveling wave, that is, the current amplitude is equal at all points along the length of the antenna, and the phase is continuously lagging. As the electromagnetic wave propagates along the traveling-wave antenna, it gradually radiates into free space, and a matching load is connected to the end of the antenna to eliminate reflected waves. The length of a traveling-wave antenna often needs to be relatively long, rarely below a single wavelength, to ensure that the electromagnetic wave has enough space to propagate and radiate, thus achieving a better radiation effect. Here, wavelength refers to the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the traveling-wave antenna.

[0063] (2) Leaking Wave Antenna: A leaking wave antenna is a type of traveling wave antenna. A leaking wave antenna may include a waveguide structure (e.g., a microstrip line) and multiple radiating structures disposed on the waveguide structure. Electromagnetic waves propagate along the waveguide structure in the form of traveling waves and are radiated into free space through the radiating structures during the propagation process. The electromagnetic waves radiated into free space by the radiating structures are called leaking waves.

[0064] Leaky wave antennas have frequency scanning characteristics, meaning the beam direction changes with frequency. By continuously changing the frequency of the leaky wave antenna, continuous beam scanning can be achieved.

[0065] Depending on the waveguide structure and propagation direction, electromagnetic waves can be divided into one-dimensional leaky wave antennas and two-dimensional leaky wave antennas. One-dimensional leaky wave antennas mainly refer to electromagnetic waves that propagate only along the waveguide structure in one dimension; two-dimensional leaky wave antennas mainly refer to electromagnetic waves that propagate radially along the waveguide structure in a two-dimensional plane.

[0066] (3) Standing wave antenna: The current on the antenna surface is distributed according to the characteristics of a standing wave, exhibiting obvious resonance characteristics. Standing wave antennas are relatively short; for example, the length of a standing wave antenna can be half a wavelength or a quarter wavelength, so that the antenna reaches resonance, thereby achieving better radiation performance. Here, wavelength refers to the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the standing wave antenna.

[0067] (4) Beam scanning: The antenna concentrates the radiated energy in one or more specific directions to form a narrow beam and radiates beams in different directions at different times.

[0068] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] This application provides an antenna. This antenna can be used in wireless devices.

[0070] It is understood that the aforementioned wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, base stations (e.g., macro base stations, micro base stations), routers, RFID readers, access point devices, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, wireless headphones (e.g., true wireless stereo (TWS) headphones), wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart helmets, smart glasses, smart jewelry), smart agricultural equipment (e.g., smart agricultural robots), medical monitoring equipment, environmental monitoring equipment, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, personal communication service (PCS) telephones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), customer premises equipment (CPEs), IoT devices, and other wireless devices with wireless communication capabilities. This application does not specifically limit these.

[0071] It is understood that the aforementioned wireless devices can be used in various communication systems, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems, sixth-generation (6G) communication systems, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, wideband code division multiple access wireless (WCDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, or long term evolution (LTE) systems, etc.

[0072] For ease of description, the technical solution of this application will be introduced below using a base station as an example of a wireless device.

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station 1 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. (Reference) Figure 1 Base station 1 includes antenna system 01, antenna adjustment bracket 02, mounting bracket 03, cable 04, radio frequency processing unit 05, baseband processing unit 06, grounding device 07, and connector seal 08.

[0074] Specifically, the antenna system 01 can be mounted on the mounting bracket 03 via the antenna adjustment bracket 02 to facilitate the reception or transmission of signals by the antenna system 01. For example, the mounting bracket 03 can be a pole or a tower, etc. In some other embodiments, the antenna system 01 can also be directly mounted on the mounting bracket 03.

[0075] The antenna system 01 may include an radome 13. An antenna (not shown) is housed inside the radome 13, which radiates electromagnetic waves to enable wireless communication functionality of the base station 1. Other components, such as a power supply network, may also be housed inside the radome 13; this application does not impose specific limitations on this. The radome 13 possesses excellent electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thus protecting the components inside the radome 13 from external environmental influences.

[0076] The components located inside the radome 13 in the antenna system 01 can be connected to the radio frequency (RF) processing unit 05 via cable 04. The baseband processing unit 06 can be connected to the components located inside the radome 13 in the antenna system 01 via the RF processing unit 05. Thus, the RF processing unit 05 can perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna system 01, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 06; alternatively, the RF processing unit 05 can up-convert and amplify the baseband processing unit 06 or the IF signal, converting it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna in the antenna system 01 and transmitting it.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the radio frequency processing unit 05 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 06 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0078] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the radio frequency processing unit 05 can be integrated with the antenna system 01, and the baseband processing unit 06 is located at the far end of the antenna system 01. In this case, the radio frequency processing unit 05 and the antenna system 01 can be collectively referred to as an active antenna unit (AAU). It should be noted that... Figure 1 This is just one example of the positional relationship between the radio frequency processing unit 05 and the antenna system 01. In other embodiments of this application, the radio frequency processing unit 05 and the baseband processing unit 06 may also be located at the far end of the antenna system 01. In this case, the antenna system 01 may be referred to as a passive antenna unit (PAU).

[0079] Grounding device 07 is installed on feeder 05. Grounding device 07 can perform functions such as electrical grounding, lightning protection, overvoltage protection, and maintenance of equipment performance, which helps to ensure the stability and safety of base station 1.

[0080] The connector seal 08 is provided at the connection between the antenna radome and the cable 04 of the antenna system 01 and the connection between the grounding device 07 and the cable 04 to provide insulation and sealing. The connector seal 08 can be at least one of insulating sealing tape or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulating adhesive. Of course, the connector seal 08 can also have other structures and is not limited to the form of tape.

[0081] It should be noted that the above Figure 1 The structure of base station 1 in the example shown is merely illustrative. The actual shape, size, location, and construction of each component in base station 1 in this embodiment are not subject to change. Figure 1Furthermore, base station 1 may include more or fewer components to achieve other functions. For example, base station 1 may also be equipped with more antennas to be able to transmit and receive more signals.

[0082] As mentioned earlier, antennas in current base stations need to have beam scanning characteristics. An exemplary structure of an antenna with beam scanning characteristics is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0083] Figure 2 Exemplary structures of the leaky antenna 10a in some technical solutions are shown. (Reference) Figure 2 The leaky wave antenna 10a includes a waveguide structure 100a and a plurality of radiating structures 200a disposed on the waveguide structure 100a. The waveguide structure 100a extends along direction A, and a first feed port P1 and a second feed port P2 are provided at both ends of the waveguide structure 100a along direction A. The waveguide structure 100a is used to guide electromagnetic waves from the feed ports to the radiating structures 200a. For example, the waveguide structure 100a can be a microstrip line.

[0084] Multiple radiating structures 200a are multiple monopole units, each extending along direction B and spaced apart along direction A on the waveguide structure 200a. Direction B is perpendicular to direction A.

[0085] The leaky wave antenna 10a operates in traveling wave mode, meaning the current on its surface is distributed according to traveling wave characteristics. As the electromagnetic wave propagates along direction A through the waveguide structure 100a, it can be radiated into free space by the radiating structure 200a, thus enabling the antenna 10a to radiate electromagnetic waves. By switching the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2, the leaky wave antenna 10a can radiate beams in opposite directions, thereby achieving forward and backward beam scanning.

[0086] However, in order to achieve better radiation performance, the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide structure 100a need to be fully radiated into free space. Therefore, the aforementioned leaky antenna 10a needs to have more radiating structures 200a, resulting in a larger electrical size of the leaky antenna 10a. For example, the length L1 of the leaky antenna 10a along the A direction is approximately 5.5λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the leaky antenna 10a. This makes it difficult for the leaky antenna 10a to be applied in space-constrained scenarios.

[0087] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a leaky wave antenna. Through a rationally designed radiating structure, this leaky wave antenna achieves miniaturization while ensuring operational performance, effectively expanding its application range. The technical solution of this application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] Figure 3A perspective view of the leaky antenna 10 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (Reference) Figure 3 The leaky wave antenna 10 includes a first waveguide structure 110 and at least one first radiating structure 210.

[0089] The first waveguide structure 110 can extend along the A direction to guide electromagnetic waves from the feed port (e.g., the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2) to the first radiation structure 210. For example, the first waveguide structure 110 can be a microstrip line.

[0090] A first radiating structure 210 is disposed on a first waveguide structure 110. The number of first radiating structures 210 can be one or more. For example, in this embodiment, there are four first radiating structures 210, spaced apart along direction A on the first waveguide structure 110. Each first radiating structure 210 includes a connected first extension segment 211 and a second extension segment 212. The extension direction of the first extension segment 211 is perpendicular to a first plane F1. The first plane F1 is the plane containing the surface of the first waveguide structure 110 facing the first radiating structure 210. For example, the extension direction of the first extension segment 211 can be direction B. The extension direction of the second extension segment 212 is parallel to the first plane F1; for example, the extension direction of the second extension segment 212 can be direction A. Thus, the first radiating structure 210 is generally L-shaped. The second extension segment 212 of the first radiating structure 210 is connected to the first waveguide structure 110 through the first extension segment 211.

[0091] In this configuration, the second extension segment 212 can act as a standing wave resonant element to generate resonance, thereby introducing a standing wave mode. The first extension segment 211 retains its traveling wave radiation characteristics, ultimately forming a hybrid mode of traveling wave and standing wave modes. That is, the leaky antenna 10 can operate in a hybrid mode of traveling wave and standing wave modes. In this mode, the current on the surface of the first extension segment 211 is distributed according to traveling wave characteristics, thus radiating a portion of electromagnetic waves into free space in a traveling wave mode; the current in the second extension segment 212 is distributed according to standing wave characteristics, thus radiating another portion of electromagnetic waves into free space in a standing wave mode. Therefore, compared to the above... Figure 2 The leaky wave antenna 10a shown operates in traveling wave mode. Leaky wave antenna 10 operating in both traveling wave and standing wave modes can achieve better radiation performance and requires fewer first radiating structures 210 (e.g., four), thereby effectively reducing the length of the leaky wave antenna 10. For example, the length L2 of the leaky wave antenna 10 along direction A is approximately 0.6λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the leaky wave antenna 10.

[0092] Secondly, compared to the above Figure 2The shown leaky antenna 10a has a cross-sectional height H1 along the B direction of approximately 0.2λ1. In the aforementioned leaky antenna 10, since the second extension 212 of the first radiating structure 210 extends along the A direction rather than the B direction, the first radiating structure 210 can occupy less space in the B direction while having a larger radiating area. Thus, the cross-sectional height H2 of the leaky antenna 10 along the B direction can be effectively reduced. For example, the cross-sectional height H2 of the leaky antenna 10 along the B direction is approximately 0.06λ2.

[0093] In summary, compared to the above Figure 2 The leaky antenna 10a shown in this application has a smaller length and profile height, which can be applied in scenarios with limited space, has a wider range of applications, and has a lower manufacturing cost.

[0094] To more intuitively understand the radiation effect of the leaky antenna 10 provided in this application, the following description is based on schematic diagrams such as the S-parameters and radiation pattern of the leaky antenna 10.

[0095] To facilitate understanding, before introducing S11, S12 and the radiation pattern of the leaky antenna 10, some concepts or terms used below will be explained.

[0096] Antenna radiation pattern: Figure 4 A schematic diagram of antenna radiation in an embodiment of this application is shown. (Reference) Figure 4 With the phase center of the antenna as the center O of the sphere, on a sphere with a sufficiently large radius r, the radiation characteristics of the antenna vary with the angular coordinates of the spherical coordinate system. The radiation pattern of an antenna changes with its own radiation characteristics. By measuring its radiation characteristics point by point, the antenna radiation pattern can be obtained. The antenna radiation pattern can be drawn using polar coordinates or rectangular coordinates.

[0097] Scattering parameters, also known as S-parameters, are important parameters in microwave transmission. Any network can be characterized by multiple S-parameters, where Sij represents the energy injected at port j and measured at port i. Taking a two-port network as an example, a two-port network has four S-parameters: S11 (reflection coefficient returning from the input port to the input port), S22 (reflection coefficient returning from the output port to the output port), S12 (transmission coefficient from the input port to the output port), and S21 (transmission coefficient from the input port to the output port).

[0098] The smaller the S11 and S12 parameters are, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, the less energy the antenna itself reflects back, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna, the better the impedance matching of the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency.

[0099] Gain: The ratio of the radiated power flux density of an antenna in a specified direction to the maximum radiated power flux density of a reference antenna (usually an ideal point source) with the same input power. Antenna gain measures an antenna's ability to transmit and receive signals in a specific direction, and its unit is dBi. The reference is an omnidirectional antenna. The higher the antenna gain, the better the directivity, the more concentrated the energy, and the narrower the beamwidth.

[0100] For example, Figure 5A according to Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the leaky antenna 10 in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 5B according to Figure 3 The vertical radiation pattern of the leaky antenna 10 in this embodiment is shown, wherein, Figure 5C according to Figure 3 The horizontal radiation pattern of the leaky antenna 10 in this embodiment is shown, where θ = 55°.

[0101] It should be noted that, Figures 5A to 5C The parameters of the leaky antenna 10 are shown when its center frequency is 920MHz. Furthermore, the leaky antenna 10 has a dual-feed port, for example... Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2 are respectively located near the opposite ends of the first waveguide structure 110 along the A direction.

[0102] refer to Figure 5A At a center frequency of 920MHz, the S11 and S22 parameters of the leaky antenna 10 are both less than -10dB. Therefore, the leaky antenna 10 has good impedance matching.

[0103] refer to Figure 5B When fed through the first feed port P1 and not fed through the second feed port P2, the azimuth angle θ of the beam pointing in the vertical plane pattern of the leaky antenna 10 is approximately 55°, the gain is approximately 5dBi, and the 3dB beamwidth is approximately 30° to 83°. The leaky antenna 10 can generate effective electromagnetic radiation. Conversely, when fed through the second feed port P2 and not fed through the first feed port P1, the azimuth angle θ of the beam pointing in the vertical plane pattern of the leaky antenna 10 is approximately -55°, the gain is approximately 5dBi, and the 3dB beamwidth is approximately -30° to -83°. The leaky antenna 10 can also generate effective electromagnetic radiation.

[0104] refer to Figure 5C The 3dB beamwidth in the beam peak direction of the leaky-wave antenna 10 in the horizontal plane pattern is approximately 80°. Specifically, when fed by the first feed port P1 and not fed by the second feed port P2, the beam radiated by the leaky-wave antenna 10 is directed towards the azimuth angle. It forms a narrow beam concentrated at 180°. Conversely, when fed by the second feed port P2 and not fed by the first feed port P1, the beam radiated by the leaky antenna 10 is directed towards the azimuth angle. It is a narrow beam focused at 0°. The leaky antenna 10 can generate effective electromagnetic radiation.

[0105] It is understandable that by switching between the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2, the leaky antenna 10 can radiate beams in opposite directions, thereby achieving the function of front and rear beam scanning.

[0106] In other embodiments of this application, the leaky antenna 10 can be fed simultaneously through the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2. By adjusting the phase difference between the signals at the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2, beam scanning at different angles can be achieved. For example, when the phase difference between the signals at the first feed port P1 and the second feed port P2 is 90°, the front and rear beam scanning function of the leaky antenna 10 can also be achieved.

[0107] In some embodiments of this application, the leaky wave antenna 10 may also include a feed port, such as a first feed port P1 or a second feed port P2. By changing the frequency of the signal at the feed port, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the first waveguide structure 110 can be changed, thereby achieving beam direction variation within a certain range, that is, realizing beam scanning function.

[0108] Continue reading Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of first radiating structures 210 are positioned about the center of the first waveguide structure 110 along direction A (e.g., Figure 3 The point O shown is rotationally symmetrical. That is, after rotating the two first radiating structures 210 located on one side of point O by a certain angle (e.g., 180°) around point O, they can completely coincide with the two first radiating structures 210 located on the other side of point O. This is more conducive to realizing the beam scanning function of the leaky antenna 10. For example... Figure 3 In the example shown, the four first radial structures 210 are arranged rotationally symmetrically about point O. The two first radial structures 210 located on one side of point O are both in the shape of a "┌" (vertical angle), and the two first radial structures 210 located on the other side of point O are both in the shape of a "┐" (vertical angle). Alternatively, the two first radial structures 210 located on one side of point O could also be in the shapes of "┌" and "┐" (vertical angles) arranged opposite each other along direction A; the two first radial structures 210 located on the other side of point O could also be in the shapes of "┌" and "┐" (vertical angles) arranged opposite each other along direction A.

[0109] However, this application is not limited to this. In other embodiments of this application, the multiple first radiating structures 210 may not be rotationally symmetrical about point O. For example, the shapes of the four first radiating structures 210 may all be "┌" shapes, and any one of the first radiating structures 210 may completely overlap with the other first radiating structures 210 after being translated a certain distance along the A direction.

[0110] Continue reading Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the gain and horizontal beamwidth of the leaky antenna 10 can be controlled by adjusting the spacing g between the two second extension segments 212 of two adjacent first radiating structures 210, so that the leaky antenna 10 can meet the actual working requirements. The spacing g can, for example, refer to the distance along direction A between the two second extension segments 212 of two adjacent first radiating structures 210.

[0111] For example, Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the variation of the radiation pattern of the leaky antenna 10 under different spacing g in embodiments of this application. (Reference) Figure 6 In some of these implementations, as the spacing g gradually increases, the gain of the leaky antenna 10 gradually decreases, the horizontal beam of the leaky antenna 10 gradually widens, and the back lobe gradually increases.

[0112] Continue reading Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the gain and horizontal beamwidth of the leaky wave antenna 10 can be controlled by adjusting the height h of the first extension segment 211. The height h of the first extension segment 211 can, for example, refer to the dimension of the first extension segment 211 along the B direction.

[0113] For example, Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the variation of the radiation pattern of the leaky wave antenna 10 at different heights h in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 7 In some of these implementations, while keeping other parameters (e.g., spacing g and the dimensions of the first radiating structure 210 along its extension direction) constant, the gain of the leaky antenna 10 gradually increases, the horizontal beam of the leaky antenna 10 gradually narrows, and the back lobe gradually decreases as the height h of the first extension 211 gradually increases.

[0114] The above Figure 3 In the leaky wave antenna 10 of the illustrated embodiment, the first waveguide structure 110 and the first radiating structure 210 together constitute a vertical magnetic dipole structure, which has a vertical polarization component. Based on this, in some embodiments of this application, the leaky wave antenna 10 may also include a horizontal electric dipole structure to introduce a horizontal polarization component, thereby achieving circular polarization of the leaky wave antenna 10. This is beneficial for improving the anti-interference capability of the leaky wave antenna 10 and avoiding the problem of polarization mismatch. The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0115] Figure 8A and Figure 8B An exemplary structure of a leaky antenna 10 with circular polarization characteristics according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 8A This is a three-dimensional view of the leaky wave antenna 10. Figure 8B This is an exploded view of the leaky wave antenna 10. (Reference) Figure 8A and Figure 8B The leaky antenna 10 includes a first metal structure 310 and a second metal structure 320.

[0116] The first metal structure 310 extends parallel to the first plane F1 and perpendicular to the extension direction (direction A) of the first waveguide structure 110. For example, the extension direction of the first metal structure 310 can be the C1 direction. One end of the first metal structure 310 along the C1 direction is connected to one end of the first waveguide structure 110 along the A direction.

[0117] The second metal structure 320 and the first metal structure 310 are spaced apart along direction B and connected by the first feeding structure 410. The location of the first feeding structure 410 constitutes the first feeding port P1. That is, the leaky antenna 10 can be fed through the first feeding structure 410. The extension direction of the second metal structure 320 is opposite to the extension direction of the first metal structure 310. For example, the extension direction of the second metal structure 320 can be the C2 direction.

[0118] Thus, the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 can together form a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby introducing a horizontal polarization component. The first waveguide structure 110 and the first radiating structure 210 together form a vertical magnetic dipole structure, possessing a vertical polarization component. When the vertical and horizontal polarization components have a 90° phase difference and equal amplitudes, circular polarization of the leaky antenna 10 can be achieved near the end-fire direction. That is, the electromagnetic waves transmitted or received by the leaky antenna 10 exhibit circular polarization characteristics in the end-fire direction (e.g., direction A). Figure 9 according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the leaky antenna 10 in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, refer to Figure 9 When the leaky wave antenna 10 operates in circular polarization, its axial ratio can be effectively reduced to below 3dB. Therefore, the circular polarization effect of the leaky wave antenna 10 is excellent.

[0119] Continue reading Figure 8A and Figure 8BIn some embodiments of this application, the first metal structure 310 and / or the second metal structure 320 may be chamfered to remove right angles. For example, the chamfered portion 311 of the first metal structure 310 and the chamfered portion 321 of the second metal structure 320 may be removed. For ease of observation, Figure 8B The chamfered portions 311 and 321 are shown in the triangular region filled with grid lines and enclosed by dashed lines. This helps to improve the operating performance of the leaky antenna 10, for example, by reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves at right angles, thereby reducing the return loss of the leaky antenna 10 and improving the radiation mode of the leaky antenna 10; at the same time, it also helps to improve the aesthetics of the leaky antenna 10 and further reduce the space occupied by the leaky antenna 10.

[0120] Continue reading Figure 8A and Figure 8B In some embodiments of this application, the phase of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component can be adjusted by changing the position of the first feed structure 410 to improve the circular polarization effect. For example, along the negative A direction (e.g., Figure 8A Moving the first feed structure 410 (in the A2 direction of the example shown) will decrease the phase of the horizontal polarization component, meaning the phase of the horizontal polarization component will lag behind the phase of the vertical polarization component; conversely, moving it along the positive A direction (e.g., along the A2 direction) will decrease the phase of the horizontal polarization component. Figure 8A When the first feed structure 410 is moved in the A1 direction in the example shown, the phase of the vertical polarization component will become smaller, that is, the phase of the vertical polarization component will lag behind the phase of the horizontal polarization component.

[0121] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the vertical polarization component can be adjusted by changing the height h of the first extension 211 of the first radiating structure 210 to improve the circular polarization effect. For example, the amplitude of the vertical polarization component can be increased by increasing the height h of the first extension 211, and the amplitude of the vertical polarization component can be decreased by decreasing the height h of the first extension 211.

[0122] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the length l1 of the first metal structure 310 to improve the circular polarization effect. The length l1 of the first metal structure 310 is the dimension of the first metal structure 310 along its extension direction (e.g., the C1 direction). Exemplarily, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be increased by increasing the length l1 of the first metal structure 310; and the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be decreased by decreasing the length l1 of the first metal structure 310.

[0123] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the length l2 of the second metal structure 320 to improve the circular polarization effect. Here, the length l2 of the second metal structure 320 is the dimension of the second metal structure 320 along its extension direction (e.g., the C2 direction). Exemplarily, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be increased by increasing the length l2 of the second metal structure 320; and the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be decreased by decreasing the length l2 of the second metal structure 320.

[0124] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction to improve the circular polarization effect. For example, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be decreased by increasing the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction; conversely, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be increased by decreasing the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction.

[0125] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the shape of the second extension 212 to improve the circular polarization effect. Specifically, a portion of the second extension 212 is located on one side of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction (as an example of the first direction) in the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1. The C direction is parallel to the first plane F1 and perpendicular to the A direction. This effectively increases the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component.

[0126] Figure 10A An exemplary structure of the second extension segment 212 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (See reference...) Figure 10A In some implementations, the overall shape of the second extension segment 212-1 and the second extension segment 212-2 is similar to a right trapezoid. Specifically, the S1-1 portion of the second extension segment 212-1 of the first radiating structure 210-1 is located on the first side (not shown) along the C direction of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 onto the first plane F1; the S1-2 portion of the second extension segment 212-2 of the first radiating structure 210-2 is located on the second side (not shown) along the C direction of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 onto the first plane F1. The first side and the second side are opposite sides of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction.

[0127] Alternatively, in other alternative implementations, the S1-1 portion and the S2-2 portion in the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1 may also be located on the same side of the first waveguide structure 110 in the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1 along the C direction, and this application does not limit this.

[0128] Figure 10BAn exemplary structure two of the second extension segment 212 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (See reference...) Figure 10B In some other implementations, the overall shape of the second extension segment 212-1 and the second extension segment 212-2 is similar to that of a parallelogram. Specifically, the extension direction of the second extension segment 212-1 of the first radiating structure 210-1 can be the D1 direction, and the S2-1 portion of the second extension segment 212-1 is located on the first side along the C direction of the orthogonal projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 on the first plane F1. Similarly, the extension direction of the second extension segment 212-2 of the first radiating structure 210-2 can be the D2 direction, and the S2-2 portion of the second extension segment 212-2 is located on the second side along the C direction of the orthogonal projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 on the first plane F1. The D2 direction is the opposite of the D1 direction.

[0129] Alternatively, in other alternative implementations, the S2-1 portion and the S2-2 portion in the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1 may also be located on the same side of the first waveguide structure 110 in the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1 along the C direction, and this application does not limit this.

[0130] The included angles between the D1 direction, the D2 direction, and the A direction can be greater than 0° and less than 45°. For example, the included angle between the D1 direction and the A direction can be 45°, 40°, 35°, or 30°, etc.; the included angle between the D2 direction and the A direction can be 45°, 40°, 35°, or 30°, etc.

[0131] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be changed by setting a metal structure. Specifically, please refer to [further details omitted]. Figure 10A The leaky wave antenna 10 may further include at least one third metal structure 330. The third metal structure 330 is connected to the first waveguide structure 110. Furthermore, the third metal structure 330 is located on one side of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction. That is, the third metal structure 330 is located on one side of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction in the orthogonal projection region of the first plane F1. This effectively improves the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component.

[0132] For example, the two third metal structures are third metal structure 330-1 and third metal structure 330-2. Third metal structure 330-1 is located on the second side of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction in the orthogonal projection region of the first plane F1; third metal structure 330-2 is located on the first side of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction in the orthogonal projection region of the first plane F1. The first side and the second side are opposite sides of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction.

[0133] Alternatively, in other alternative implementations, the third metal structure 330-1 and the third metal structure 330-2 may be located on the same side of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction in the orthogonal projection area of ​​the first plane F1, and this application does not limit this.

[0134] In some implementations, multiple third metal structures can be respectively configured to correspond one-to-one with the second extensions of multiple first radiating structures. Furthermore, each third metal structure and a portion of its corresponding second extension are located on opposite sides of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction within the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1. Thus, the structure formed by each third metal structure and its corresponding second extension is similar to a horizontal dipole structure, thereby further enhancing the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component.

[0135] For example, Figure 10A In the example shown, the third metal structure 330-1 corresponds to the second extension 212-1 of the first radiating structure 210-1. The third metal structure 330-1 is located on the second side of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 in the first plane F1. The S1-1 portion of the second extension 212-1 is located on the first side of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 in the first plane F1. The first side and the second side are opposite sides of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction.

[0136] For example, Figure 10A In the example shown, the third metal structure 330-2 corresponds to the second extension 212-2 of the first radiating structure 210-2. The third metal structure 330-2 is located on the first side of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 in the first plane F1. The S1-2 portion of the second extension 212-2 is located on the second side of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure 110 in the first plane F1. The first side and the second side are opposite sides of the first waveguide structure 110 along the C direction.

[0137] In other implementations, multiple third metal structures may correspond one-to-one with the second extensions of portions of the first radiating structures; that is, the number of third metal structures is less than the number of first radiating structures. Some radiating structures have corresponding third metal structures, while others do not. For example, the following... Figure 11A and Figure 11BIn the embodiment shown, there are two third metal structures 330 and four first radiating structures 210. Two of the four first radiating structures 210 correspond one-to-one with the second extensions 212 of the two third metal structures 330.

[0138] In some of these implementations, the shape of the third metal structure (e.g., third metal structure 330-1 and third metal structure 330-2) can be a regular shape such as a triangle, trapezoid, rectangle, or ellipse, or other irregular shapes. This application does not impose any restrictions on this, as long as the effect of controlling the horizontal polarization component can be achieved.

[0139] Continue reading Figure 8A and Figure 8B In order to achieve the function of circularly polarized beam scanning, in some embodiments of this application, the leaky wave antenna 10 may further include a fourth metal structure 340 and a fifth metal structure 350. The difference between the fourth metal structure 340 and the first metal structure 310 is that they are positioned differently; the difference between the fifth metal structure 350 and the second metal structure 320 is that they are positioned differently.

[0140] Specifically, the extension direction of the fourth metal structure 340 is parallel to the first plane F1 where the first waveguide structure 110 is located, and perpendicular to the extension direction (direction A) of the first waveguide structure 110. For example, the extension direction of the fourth metal structure 340 can be the C2 direction. One end of the fourth metal structure 340 along the C2 direction is connected to the other end of the first waveguide structure 110 along the A direction. That is, the fourth metal structure 340 and the first metal structure 310 are respectively connected to opposite ends of the first waveguide structure 110 along the A direction. The fourth metal structure 340 and the fifth metal structure 350 are spaced apart along the B direction and connected through the second feed structure 420. The location of the second feed structure 420 constitutes the second feed port P2. That is, the leaky antenna 10 can be fed through the second feed structure 420. The extension direction of the fifth metal structure 350 is opposite to the extension direction of the fourth metal structure 340. For example, the extension direction of the fifth metal structure 350 can be the C1 direction.

[0141] At this time, the first metal structure 310 and the fourth metal structure 340 can be rotationally symmetrical about point O. For example, after the first metal structure 310 is rotated 180° clockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with the fourth metal structure 340. The second metal structure 320 and the fifth metal structure 350 can also be rotationally symmetrical about point O. For example, after the second metal structure 320 is rotated 180° clockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with the fifth metal structure 350.

[0142] The fourth metal structure 340 and the fifth metal structure 350 can jointly form a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby introducing a horizontal polarization component and achieving circular polarization. The leaky antenna 10 can be fed by the first feed structure 410 and / or the second feed structure 420 to achieve circular polarization beam scanning. For example, by switching between the first feed structure 410 and the second feed structure 420, the leaky antenna 10 can radiate circularly polarized beams in opposite directions, thus achieving forward and backward circular polarization beam scanning along direction A. Furthermore, by adjusting the phase difference between the signals of the first feed structure 410 and the second feed structure 420, circular polarization beam scanning at different angles can be achieved. In other words, the leaky antenna 10 can achieve near-end-fire reconfigurable circular polarization beam.

[0143] Understandable. Figure 8A and Figure 8B This illustration merely shows one arrangement of the fourth metal structure 340 and the fifth metal structure 350 and does not constitute a limitation of this application. In other embodiments, the fourth metal structure 340 may also extend along the C1 direction, and the fifth metal structure 350 may extend along the C2 direction. In this case, the first metal structure 310 and the fourth metal structure 340 may be symmetrical about an axis passing through point O and parallel to the C direction; the second metal structure 320 and the fifth metal structure 350 may be symmetrical about an axis passing through point O and parallel to the C direction.

[0144] In some embodiments of this application, the phase of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component can be adjusted by changing the position of the second feed structure 420 to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific method of adjustment can be referred to the above description of changing the position of the first feed structure 410, which will not be repeated here.

[0145] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the length of the fourth metal structure 340 and / or the fifth metal structure 350 along the C direction to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific way of changing it can be referred to the above description of changing the length l1 of the first metal structure 310 and / or the length l2 of the second metal structure 320, which will not be repeated here.

[0146] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the spacing between the fourth metal structure 340 and the fifth metal structure 350 along the B direction, so as to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific way of changing it can be referred to the above description of changing the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction, which will not be repeated here.

[0147] It is understood that the leaky wave antennas 10 in the above embodiments are all one-dimensional leaky wave antennas. For example, electromagnetic waves propagate along the first waveguide structure 110 in the A direction. Based on the one-dimensional leaky wave antennas in the above embodiments, this application also provides a two-dimensional leaky wave antenna, which is composed of multiple one-dimensional leaky wave antennas arranged in an array (e.g., a cross array). The two-dimensional leaky wave antenna can better achieve beam scanning and electromagnetic coverage in two-dimensional space, thereby further expanding its application range. A detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0148] Figure 11A and Figure 11B An exemplary structure of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 11A This is a 3D view of the leaky wave antenna 10'. Figure 11B This is an exploded view of the leaky wave antenna 10'. Figure 11A and Figure 11B The two-dimensional leaky wave antenna 10' shown differs from the one-dimensional leaky wave antenna 10 in the aforementioned embodiments in that the leaky wave antenna 10' may further include a second waveguide structure 120 and at least one second radiating structure 220 disposed on the second waveguide structure 120. The second waveguide structure 120 differs from the first waveguide structure 110 in that they are positioned differently; similarly, the second radiating structure 220 differs from the first radiating structure 210 in that they are positioned differently.

[0149] Specifically, the second waveguide structure 120 is intersecting the first waveguide structure 110, and the surface of the second waveguide structure 120 facing the second radiation structure 220 is parallel to the first plane F1. That is, the extension direction of the second waveguide structure 120 intersects the extension direction of the first waveguide structure 110. For example, in this embodiment, the first waveguide structure 110 extends along direction A, and the second waveguide structure 120 extends along direction C, with direction A perpendicular to direction C. The first waveguide structure 110 and the second waveguide structure 120 are arranged in a similar cross shape.

[0150] The second waveguide structure 120 is used to guide electromagnetic waves from the feed port (e.g., the third feed port P3, the fourth feed port P4) to the second radiation structure 220. Exemplarily, the second waveguide structure 120 can be a microstrip line.

[0151] The arrangement direction of the plurality of second radiating structures 220 intersects with the arrangement direction of the plurality of first radiating structures 210. For example, in this embodiment, four first radiating structures 210 are arranged at intervals along direction A on the first waveguide structure 110, and four second radiating structures 220 are arranged at intervals along direction C on the second waveguide structure 120. That is, the first radiating structures 210 and the second radiating structures 220 are arranged in a cross shape.

[0152] It is understood that the structure and arrangement of the second radiation structure 220 are substantially the same as those of the first radiation structure 210. Therefore, the description of the first radiation structure 210 above can be referred to. The following is only a simple example.

[0153] For example, each second radiating structure 220 may include a connected third extension 221 and a fourth extension 222. The extension direction of the third extension 221 is perpendicular to the first plane F1. The extension direction of the fourth extension 222 is parallel to the first plane F1. Thus, the second radiating structure 220 is generally L-shaped. The fourth extension 222 of the second radiating structure 220 is connected to the second waveguide structure 120 through the third extension 221.

[0154] In the aforementioned leaky wave antenna 10', electromagnetic waves can propagate not only along the first waveguide structure 110 in the A direction, but also along the second waveguide structure 120 in the C direction. Therefore, beam scanning and electromagnetic coverage in two-dimensional space can be achieved, thereby further expanding the applicability. Simultaneously, while ensuring effective radiation, the size of the two-dimensional leaky wave antenna 10' is significantly smaller than that of the aforementioned... Figure 2 The shown leaky antenna 10a is smaller in size and can be applied in space-constrained scenarios, thus having a wider range of applications. For example, the length of the leaky antenna 10a along direction A is approximately 0.6λ3, the cross-sectional height along direction B is approximately 0.0625λ3, and the width along direction C is approximately 0.6λ3. Here, λ3 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the leaky antenna 10a.

[0155] To more intuitively understand the radiation effect of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' provided in this application, the following description is based on the S-parameters and radiation pattern of the leaky antenna 10'.

[0156] For example, Figure 12A according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 12B according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B The vertical radiation pattern of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' in this embodiment is shown, wherein, Figure 12C according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B The horizontal radiation pattern of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' in this embodiment is shown, where θ = 45°.

[0157] It should be noted that, Figures 12A to 12CThe parameters of the leaky antenna 10' are shown when its center frequency is 920MHz. Furthermore, the leaky antenna 10' has four feed ports, for example... Figure 11A The illustrated embodiment includes a first power supply port P1, a second power supply port P2, a third power supply port P3, and a fourth power supply port P4.

[0158] refer to Figure 12A At a center frequency of 920MHz, the S11, S12, S13 and S14 parameters of the leaky antenna 10' are all less than -10dB. Therefore, the leaky antenna 10' has good impedance matching.

[0159] refer to Figure 12B When fed solely through the first feed port P1, the azimuth angle θ of the beam pointing in the vertical plane pattern of the leaky antenna 10' is approximately 45°, and the gain is approximately 4.1 dBi. The leaky antenna 10' can generate effective electromagnetic radiation.

[0160] refer to Figure 12C The 3dB beamwidth in the beam peak direction of the leaky antenna 10' in the horizontal plane pattern is approximately 110°. During the switching between the first feed port P1, the second feed port P2, the third feed port P3, and the fourth feed port P4, the leaky antenna 10' can radiate beams in different directions, achieving a beam scanning function of approximately 360° in the horizontal plane.

[0161] In other embodiments of this application, the leaky antenna 10' can be fed simultaneously through multiple feed ports selected from the first feed port P1, the second feed port P2, the third feed port P3, and the fourth feed port P4. By adjusting the phase difference between the signals at these multiple feed ports, beam scanning at different angles in two-dimensional space can be achieved. For example, the leaky antenna 10' can be fed through the first feed port P1 and the third feed port P3, and the phase difference between the signals at the first feed port P1 and the third feed port P3 can be set to 90° to achieve better beam coverage in two-dimensional space.

[0162] In some embodiments of this application, the leaky wave antenna 10' may also include a feed port, such as any one of the first feed port P1, the second feed port P2, the third feed port P3, and the fourth feed port P4. By changing the frequency of the signal at this feed port, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the first waveguide structure 110 and the second waveguide structure 120 can be changed, thereby realizing beam direction changes within a certain range in two-dimensional space, that is, realizing beam scanning function.

[0163] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11BTo achieve circular polarization of the leaky antenna 10' in two-dimensional space, in some embodiments of this application, the leaky antenna 10' may further include a sixth metal structure 360 ​​and a seventh metal structure 370. The sixth metal structure 360 ​​differs from the first metal structure 310 in that they are positioned differently; similarly, the seventh metal structure 370 differs from the second metal structure 320 in that they are positioned differently.

[0164] Specifically, the extension direction of the sixth metal structure 360 ​​is parallel to the first plane F1 and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure 120 (e.g., direction C). For example, the extension direction of the sixth metal structure 360 ​​can be direction A1. One end of the sixth metal structure 360 ​​along direction A1 is connected to one end of the second waveguide structure 120 along direction C. The seventh metal structure 370 is spaced apart from the sixth metal structure 360 ​​along direction B and connected via the third feed structure 430. The location of the third feed structure 430 constitutes the third feed port P3. That is, the leaky antenna 10' can be fed through the third feed structure 430. The extension direction of the seventh metal structure 370 is opposite to the extension direction of the sixth metal structure 360. For example, the extension direction of the seventh metal structure 370 can be direction A2. Both directions A1 and A2 are parallel to direction A.

[0165] At this time, the sixth metal structure 360 ​​and the first metal structure 310 can be rotationally symmetrical about point O. For example, after the first metal structure 310 is rotated 90° counterclockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with the sixth metal structure 360. The seventh metal structure 370 and the second metal structure 320 can be rotationally symmetrical about point O. For example, after the second metal structure 320 is rotated 90° counterclockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with the seventh metal structure 370.

[0166] The aforementioned sixth metal structure 360 ​​and seventh metal structure 370 can together form a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby introducing a horizontal polarization component. The second waveguide structure 120 and the second radiating structure 220 together form a vertical dipole structure, possessing a vertical polarization component. When the vertical and horizontal polarization components have a 90° phase difference and equal amplitudes, circular polarization of the leaky antenna 10' near the end-fire direction can be achieved. Figure 13 according to Figure 11A and Figure 11B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the leaky antenna 10' in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, refer to Figure 13 The beamwidth of the circularly polarized leaky antenna 10' can cover 36° to 70° and the axial ratio is less than 3dB. Therefore, the leaky antenna 10' can achieve circular polarization close to the end-fire direction, with good circular polarization effect.

[0167] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11B In some embodiments of this application, the phase of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component can be adjusted by changing the position of the third feed structure 430 to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific implementation method is the same as described above. Figure 8A and Figure 8B In the illustrated embodiment, the method of adjusting the phase of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component by changing the position of the first feeding structure 410 is essentially the same, and will not be described in detail here.

[0168] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the vertical polarization component can be adjusted by changing the height of the third extension 221 of the second radiating structure 220 along the B direction, thereby improving the circular polarization effect. The specific implementation method is the same as described above. Figure 8A and Figure 8B In the embodiment shown, the method of adjusting the amplitude of the vertical polarization component by changing the height h of the first extension segment 211 of the first radiation structure 210 along the B direction is essentially the same, and will not be described in detail here.

[0169] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the length of the sixth metal structure 360 ​​and / or the seventh metal structure 370 along the A direction, thereby improving the circular polarization effect. The specific implementation method is the same as described above. Figure 8A and Figure 8B In the embodiments shown, the methods for adjusting the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component by changing the length l1 of the first metal structure 310 and / or the length l2 of the second metal structure 320 are essentially the same, and will not be described in detail here.

[0170] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the spacing along the B direction between the sixth metal structure 360 ​​and the seventh metal structure 370 to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific implementation method is the same as described above. Figure 8A and Figure 8B In the illustrated embodiment, the method of adjusting the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component by changing the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction is essentially the same, and will not be described in detail here.

[0171] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the shape of the fourth extension 222 of the second radiating structure 220 to improve the circular polarization effect. Specifically, a portion of the fourth extension 222 is located on one side of the second waveguide structure 120 along direction A (as an example of the second direction) in the orthographic projection region of the first plane F1. In this way, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be effectively increased, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky antenna 10' and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0172] It is understandable that the structural form of the fourth extension segment 222 of the second radiating structure 220 is similar to that described above. Figure 10A and Figure 10B The second extension segment 212 of the first radiating structure 210 in the example shown has the same structural form. Only the orientation needs to be changed accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0173] In some embodiments of this application, the radiation array 200 formed by the second radiation structure 220 and the first radiation structure 210 can be rotationally symmetrical about the intersection point (e.g., point O) of the first waveguide structure 110 and the second waveguide structure 120. This allows for a more uniform distribution of the first radiation structure 210 and the second radiation structure 220, which helps to further improve radiation performance and makes the overall structure of the leaky antenna 10' more compact. For example, after rotating one of the first radiation structures 210 90° clockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with one of the second radiation structures 220.

[0174] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be altered by setting a metal structure to improve the circular polarization effect. Specifically, please refer to [further details omitted]. Figure 11A and Figure 11B The leaky wave antenna 10' may further include at least one eighth metal structure 380. The eighth metal structure 380 is connected to the second waveguide structure 120. Furthermore, the eighth metal structure 380 is located on one side of the second waveguide structure 120 along direction A within the orthogonal projection region of the first plane F1. This effectively enhances the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component, thereby balancing the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the miniaturized leaky wave antenna 10' and effectively improving the circular polarization effect.

[0175] It is understandable that the shape and layout of the eighth metal structure 380 are similar to those described above. Figure 10A The shapes and layouts of the third metal structures (e.g., third metal structure 330-1 and third metal structure 330-2) in the examples shown are essentially the same. Only the orientation needs to be changed accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0176] In some implementations, the shape formed by the eighth metal structure 380 and the third metal structure 330 can be rotationally symmetrical about point O. This allows for a more uniform distribution of the eighth metal structure 380 and the third metal structure 330, which helps to further improve the radiation performance of the leaky antenna 10' and also makes the overall structure of the leaky antenna 10' more compact. For example, after rotating one of the third metal structures 330 90° clockwise around point O, it can completely overlap with one of the eighth metal structures 380.

[0177] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11B In order to achieve the function of circularly polarized beam scanning in two-dimensional space, in some embodiments of this application, the leaky wave antenna 10' may further include a ninth metal structure 390 and a tenth metal structure 3100. The difference between the ninth metal structure 390 and the first metal structure 310 is that they are positioned differently; the difference between the tenth metal structure 3100 and the second metal structure 320 is that they are positioned differently.

[0178] Specifically, the extension direction of the ninth metal structure 390 is parallel to the first plane F1 and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure 120 (e.g., direction C). For example, the extension direction of the ninth metal structure 390 can be direction A2. One end of the ninth metal structure 390 along direction A2 is connected to the other end of the second waveguide structure 120 along direction C. That is, the ninth metal structure 390 and the sixth metal structure 360 ​​are respectively connected to opposite ends of the second waveguide structure 120 along direction C. The ninth metal structure 390 and the tenth metal structure 3100 are spaced apart along direction B and connected by a fourth feed structure 440. The location of the fourth feed structure 440 constitutes the fourth feed port P4. That is, the leaky antenna 10' can be fed through the fourth feed structure 440. The extension direction of the tenth metal structure 3100 is opposite to the extension direction of the ninth metal structure 390. For example, the extension direction of the tenth metal structure 3100 can be direction A1.

[0179] At this time, the ninth metal structure 390 and the first metal structure 310 can be rotate symmetrical about point O. For example, after the first metal structure 310 is rotated 90° clockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with the ninth metal structure 390. The tenth metal structure 3100 and the second metal structure 320 can be rotate symmetrical about point O. For example, after the second metal structure 320 is rotated 90° clockwise around point O, it can completely coincide with the tenth metal structure 3100.

[0180] The aforementioned ninth metal structure 390 and tenth metal structure 3100 can jointly constitute a horizontal electric dipole structure, thereby achieving circular polarization. The leaky antenna 10' can be fed by one or more of the following feeding structures: the first feeding structure 410, the second feeding structure 420, the third feeding structure 430, and the fourth feeding structure 440, to achieve near-end-fire circularly polarized beam scanning in two-dimensional space. That is, the leaky antenna 10' can achieve near-end-fire circularly polarized beam reconfigurability.

[0181] In some implementations, by switching between the first feed structure 410, the second feed structure 420, the third feed structure 430, and the fourth feed structure 440, the leaky antenna 10' can radiate circularly polarized beams in different directions, thereby achieving a circularly polarized beam scanning function of approximately 360°. In other implementations, the circularly polarized beam scanning function at different angles is achieved by adjusting the phase difference between the signals of two adjacent feed structures. For example, the leaky antenna 10' can be fed by the first feed structure 410 and the third feed structure 430, and the phase difference between the signals of the first feed structure 410 and the third feed structure 430 can be set to 90° to achieve better circularly polarized beam coverage in two-dimensional space.

[0182] In some embodiments of this application, the phase of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component can be adjusted by changing the position of the fourth feed structure 440 to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific method of adjustment can be referred to the above description of changing the position of the first feed structure 410, which will not be repeated here.

[0183] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the length of the ninth metal structure 390 and / or the tenth metal structure 3100 along the A direction, so as to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific way of changing it can be referred to the above description of changing the length l1 of the first metal structure 310 and / or the length l2 of the second metal structure 320, which will not be repeated here.

[0184] In some embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the horizontal polarization component can be adjusted by changing the spacing between the ninth metal structure 390 and the tenth metal structure 3100 along the B direction, so as to improve the circular polarization effect. The specific method of adjustment can be referred to the above description of changing the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction, and will not be repeated here.

[0185] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11BIn some embodiments of this application, the first waveguide structure 110, the second waveguide structure 120, and the metal structure connected to the first waveguide structure 110 and the second waveguide structure 120 can be an integral structure, which can further simplify the structure of the leaky antenna 10'. For example, Figure 11A and Figure 11B In the illustrated embodiment, the first waveguide structure 110, the second waveguide structure 120, the first metal structure 310, the third metal structure 330, the fourth metal structure 340, the sixth metal structure 360, the eighth metal structure 380, and the ninth metal structure 390 can be different parts of the same metal plate 100. Thus, the metal plate 100 can serve as a waveguide structure to guide the transmission of electromagnetic waves, and can also be used to form a horizontal dipole to achieve circular polarization, thereby achieving reuse of the metal plate 100 and further facilitating the miniaturization design of the leaky wave antenna 10'.

[0186] However, this application is not limited to this. In other embodiments of this application, the first waveguide structure 110, the second waveguide structure 120 and the metal structure connected to the first waveguide structure 110 and the second waveguide structure 120 can also be a split structure. That is, each structure is formed separately and then connected into one body by bonding, welding, snap-fitting or fastener connection.

[0187] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11B In some embodiments of this application, the second metal structure 320, the fifth metal structure 350, the seventh metal structure 370, and the tenth metal structure 3100 can be an integral structure. For example, Figure 11A and Figure 11B In the illustrated embodiment, the second metal structure 320, the fifth metal structure 350, the seventh metal structure 370, and the tenth metal structure 3100 are different parts of the same metal plate 300. The metal plate 300 includes an eleventh metal structure 3110. The second metal structure 320, the fifth metal structure 350, the seventh metal structure 370, and the tenth metal structure 3100 are connected to the four sides of the eleventh metal structure 3110. This further simplifies the structure of the leaky antenna 10', while the metal plate 300 also provides some support.

[0188] In some implementations, the eleventh metal structure 3110 can be rectangular in shape. Furthermore, each of the four corners of the rectangle has a notch 3111 to further enhance the performance of the leaky antenna 10', such as improving the radiation mode of the leaky antenna 10' and reducing electromagnetic interference.

[0189] In some other implementations, the shape of the eleventh metal structure 3110 can also be other shapes, such as circles, triangles, polygons, etc., and this application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0190] In other embodiments of this application, the second metal structure 320, the fifth metal structure 350, the seventh metal structure 370 and the tenth metal structure 3100 may also be split structures, and this application does not limit this.

[0191] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11B In some embodiments of this application, the leaky wave antenna 10' may further include a shielding structure 500 for blocking and shielding interference from other signals from other devices (e.g., other antennas) on the signal of the leaky wave antenna 10', thereby improving the robustness of the leaky wave antenna 10'. The shielding structure 500 is disposed parallel to the first plane F1 and is located on the side of the first waveguide structure 110 facing away from the first radiating structure 210. Each metal structure is located on the side of the shielding structure 500 facing the first waveguide structure 110. Alternatively, along direction B, the shielding structure 500 is disposed at the bottom layer of the leaky wave antenna 10', and the surface of the shielding structure 500 facing away from the first waveguide structure 110 constitutes a portion of the outer surface (e.g., the bottom surface) of the leaky wave antenna 10'. Exemplarily, the shielding structure 500 may be a metal plate.

[0192] In some implementations, the shielding structure 500 can be cross-shaped to better match the shapes of the first waveguide structure 110 and the second waveguide structure 120, which are arranged in a cross shape. This saves space while ensuring that the shielding structure 500 can effectively shield the structure. However, this application is not limited to this. In other alternative implementations, the shielding structure 500 can also be a regular shape such as a rectangle, a circle, or a pentagon, or other irregular shapes, as long as it can achieve the shielding effect.

[0193] Continue reading Figure 11A and Figure 11BIn some embodiments of this application, the leaky antenna 10' may further include a guiding structure 600. The guiding structure 600 can act as a director to adjust the radiation direction of the leaky antenna 10' and improve its performance. Specifically, the guiding structure 600 is mounted on the shielding structure 500. The guiding structure 600 stands sideways relative to the shielding structure 500 along the B direction and is located on the periphery of the first waveguide structure 110. The surface of the guiding structure 600 facing away from the first waveguide structure 110 constitutes another part of the outer surface of the leaky antenna 10' (e.g., the four sides). That is, the guiding structure 600 is located on the periphery of the structure jointly formed by the first waveguide structure 110, the second waveguide structure 120, the first radiating structure 210, the second radiating structure 220, and various metal structures (e.g., the first metal structure 310 to the eleventh metal structure 3110). Alternatively, the guiding structure 600 is located at the outermost periphery of the orthographic projection area of ​​the leaky antenna 10' on the first plane F1.

[0194] In some implementations, the guiding structure 600 can be a rectangular metal sheet, for example... Figure 11A and Figure 11B In the embodiment shown, the four guiding structures 600 are four rectangular metal sheets. Two of the four guiding structures 600 are respectively located near the two ends of the first waveguide structure 110 along the A direction, and the other two are respectively located near the two ends of the second waveguide structure 120 along the C direction.

[0195] In some other implementations, the guiding structure 600 can also be a metal ring, such as a rectangular metal ring, a pentagonal metal ring, a circular metal ring, or other irregular metal rings. This application does not limit this, as long as it can play the role of adjusting the radiation direction of the leaky antenna 10'.

[0196] After introducing the morphology of each structure in the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10', the following section introduces exemplary size design schemes for each structure in the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10'.

[0197] Continue to refer to Figure 11A and Figure 11B In some embodiments of this application, the height of the first radiating structure 210 and the second radiating structure 220 along the B direction can be, for example, 6 mm. That is, the height of the first extension 211 of the first radiating structure 210 and the second extension 221 of the second radiating structure 220 along the B direction is both 6 mm. This allows the vertical polarization component to have a suitable amplitude, thereby improving the circular polarization effect. At the same time, it ensures that the gain and radiation characteristics of the leaky antenna 10' can meet the actual operating requirements.

[0198] In some embodiments of this application, the spacing between metal plates 100 and 300 along the B direction can be, for example, 13 mm. That is, the spacing between the first metal structure 310 and the second metal structure 320 along the B direction is 13 mm; the spacing between the fourth metal structure 340 and the fifth metal structure 350 along the B direction is 13 mm; the spacing between the sixth metal structure 360 ​​and the seventh metal structure 370 along the B direction is 13 mm; and the spacing between the ninth metal structure 390 and the tenth metal structure 3100 along the B direction is 13 mm. This allows the horizontal polarization component to have a suitable amplitude, thereby improving the circular polarization effect.

[0199] In some embodiments of this application, the spacing between the metal plate 300 and the shielding structure 500 along the B direction can be, for example, 1 mm.

[0200] Figure 14A A top view of the first radiating structure 210 and the second radiating structure 220 in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 14A Taking the first radiating structure 210 in the example shown as an example, in some embodiments of this application, the second extension 220 of the first radiating structure 210 is trapezoidal in shape, wherein the upper base D1 of the trapezoid can be 20mm, the lower base D2 of the trapezoid can be 60.5mm, and the height D3 of the trapezoid can be 34mm.

[0201] It is understood that the size design of the second radiation structure 220 is essentially the same as that of the first radiation structure 210. Only the orientation of the structure needs to be changed accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0202] Figure 14B This diagram shows a top view of the metal plate containing the first waveguide structure 110, the second waveguide structure 120, the first metal structure 310, the third metal structure 330, the fourth metal structure 340, the sixth metal structure 360, the eighth metal structure 380, and the ninth metal structure 390 in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14B Taking the first metal structure 310 in the example shown as an example, in some embodiments of this application, the length l1 of the first metal structure 310 along direction C can be, for example, 61 mm. The width D4 of the first metal structure 310 along direction A can be, for example, 20 mm. The dimension D5 of the chamfered portion 311 of the first metal structure 310 along direction A can be, for example, 8 mm. The dimension D6 of the chamfered portion 311 of the first metal structure 310 along direction C can be, for example, 35 mm.

[0203] It is understandable that the size design of the fourth metal structure 340, the sixth metal structure 360 ​​and the ninth metal structure 390 is essentially the same as that of the first metal structure 310. Only the setting orientation needs to be changed accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0204] by Figure 14B Taking the third metal structure 330 in the example shown as an example, in some embodiments of this application, the dimension D7 of the third metal structure 330 along the C direction can be, for example, 52.5 mm. It can be understood that the size design of the eighth metal structure 380 is substantially the same as that of the third metal structure 330, only the setting orientation needs to be changed accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0205] Figure 14C A top view of the metal plate containing the second metal structure 320, the fifth metal structure 350, the seventh metal structure 370, the tenth metal structure 3100, and the eleventh metal structure 3110 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (See reference) Figure 14C In some embodiments of this application, the dimensional design of the second metal structure 320, the fifth metal structure 350, the seventh metal structure 370, and the tenth metal structure 3100 is substantially the same as that of the first metal structure 310. Only the orientation of the structures needs to be changed accordingly, which will not be elaborated here. For example, the dimension D7 of the chamfered portion 321 of the second metal structure 320 along the C direction can be, for example, 35mm.

[0206] In some embodiments of this application, the eleventh metal structure 3110 can be square, and the side length D8 of the square along the A direction can be, for example, 118 mm. The notch 3111 of the eleventh metal structure 3110 can also be square, and the side length D9 of the square along the C direction can be, for example, 8 mm.

[0207] Figure 14D A top view of the shielding structure 500 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (Reference) Figure 14D In some embodiments of this application, the shielding structure 500 is cross-shaped, and the width D10 of each extension arm of the cross shape can be, for example, 75 mm. The width of the extension arm refers to the dimension perpendicular to the extension direction of the extension arm. For example, the width D11 of the extension arm extending along the C direction is the dimension of the extension arm along the A direction. The dimension D11 of the shielding structure 500 along the C direction can be, for example, 190 mm.

[0208] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of several size design schemes for various structures in the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10', and do not constitute a limitation on this application.

[0209] Alternatively, it can be understood that the above... Figure 11A and Figure 11B The diagram only schematically illustrates one structure of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10'. In other embodiments, the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' may have other structural forms.

[0210] For example, Figure 15Exemplary structures of the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' in other embodiments of this application are shown. Figure 15 The leaky antenna 10' shown is the same as the one described above. Figure 11A and Figure 11B The difference in the leaky wave antenna 10' in the illustrated embodiment is that the first waveguide structure 110 has a larger dimension along direction A and the second waveguide structure 120 has a larger dimension along direction C, and the number of the first radiating structures 210 and the second radiating structures 220 is greater. For example, there are eight first radiating structures 210 and eight second radiating structures 220. This can further improve the radiation performance of the leaky wave antenna 10.

[0211] For example, in some other embodiments, the two-dimensional leaky antenna 10' can also be composed of a parallel array of multiple one-dimensional leaky antennas. For instance, multiple one-dimensional leaky antennas are arranged sequentially along a certain direction, wherein the extension directions of the waveguide structures of the multiple leaky antennas are parallel to each other. The structure of the one-dimensional leaky antenna can be referred to the above description. Figure 3 , Figure 8A , Figure 8B , Figure 10A and Figure 10B The description of the one-dimensional leaky antenna 10 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0212] The specific embodiments described above illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with some embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the application in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. This application may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details have been omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0213] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "outer", "inner", "circumferential", "radial", "axial", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0214] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "fit" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0215] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A leaky wave antenna, characterized in that, It includes a first waveguide structure and at least one first radiating structure, wherein: The first radiating structure is disposed on the first waveguide structure. The first radiating structure includes a first extension section and a second extension section. One end of the first extension section is connected to the first waveguide structure, and the other end of the first extension section is connected to the second extension section. The first extension segment extends in a direction perpendicular to the first plane, and the second extension segment extends in a direction parallel to the first plane. The first plane is the plane on which the surface of the first waveguide structure faces the first radiation structure.

2. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes a first metal structure and a second metal structure. The extension directions of the first metal structure and the second metal structure are opposite, and are respectively parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure. The first metal structure and the second metal structure are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the first plane. The first metal structure and the second metal structure are connected by a first power supply structure. One end of the first metal structure along its extension direction is connected to one end of the first waveguide structure along its extension direction.

3. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, A portion of the second extension is located in the orthographic projection region of the first plane, on one side of the orthographic projection region of the first waveguide structure along a first direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure.

4. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes at least one third metal structure connected to the first waveguide structure, and the third metal structure is located on one side of the first waveguide structure along a first direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure.

5. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The at least one third metal structure corresponds one-to-one with the at least one first radiating structure. The third metal structure and a portion of the corresponding second extension are located on opposite sides of the first waveguide structure along the first direction in the orthogonal projection region of the first plane.

6. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes a fourth metal structure and a fifth metal structure. The extension directions of the fourth metal structure and the fifth metal structure are opposite, and are respectively parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure. The fourth metal structure and the fifth metal structure are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the first plane. The fourth metal structure and the fifth metal structure are connected through a second power supply structure. One end of the fourth metal structure along its extension direction is connected to the other end of the first waveguide structure along its extension direction.

7. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple first radiating structures, and the multiple first radiating structures are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the first waveguide structure, wherein the center of the first waveguide structure is the center along its extension direction.

8. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes a second waveguide structure and at least one second radiating structure disposed on the second waveguide structure, wherein: The second waveguide structure is intersected with the first waveguide structure, and the surface of the second waveguide structure facing the second radiation structure is parallel to the first plane; The second radiation structure includes a third extension and a fourth extension, one end of the third extension is connected to the second waveguide structure, and the other end of the third extension is connected to the fourth extension. The third extension segment extends perpendicularly to the first plane, and the fourth extension segment extends parallel to the first plane.

9. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes a sixth metal structure and a seventh metal structure. The extension directions of the sixth metal structure and the seventh metal structure are opposite, and are respectively parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure. The sixth metal structure and the seventh metal structure are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the first plane. The sixth metal structure and the seventh metal structure are connected through a third power supply structure. One end of the sixth metal structure along its extension direction is connected to one end of the second waveguide structure along its extension direction.

10. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, A portion of the fourth extension is located in the orthographic projection region of the first plane, on one side of the orthographic projection region of the second waveguide structure in the first plane along a second direction, the second direction being parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure.

11. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 8 or 10, characterized in that, The radiation array formed by the first radiation structure and the second radiation structure is rotationally symmetrical about the intersection of the first waveguide structure and the second waveguide structure.

12. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes at least one eighth metal structure connected to the second waveguide structure, and the eighth metal structure is located on one side of the second waveguide structure along a second direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the second waveguide structure.

13. The leaky-wave antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes at least one third metal structure connected to the first waveguide structure, and the third metal structure is located on one side of the first waveguide structure along a first direction, which is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first waveguide structure. The structure formed by the third metal structure and the eighth metal structure is rotationally symmetrical about the intersection of the first waveguide structure and the second waveguide structure.

14. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes a shielding structure disposed parallel to the first plane. The shielding structure is located on the side of the first waveguide structure facing away from the first radiating structure, and the surface of the shielding structure facing away from the first waveguide structure constitutes part of the outer surface of the leaky wave antenna.

15. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that, The leaky wave antenna includes a guiding structure mounted on the shielding structure. The guiding structure is sideways relative to the shielding structure in a direction perpendicular to the first plane and is located on the periphery of the first waveguide structure. The surface of the guiding structure facing away from the first waveguide structure constitutes another part of the outer surface of the leaky wave antenna.

16. A wireless device, characterized in that, The leaky antenna includes any one of claims 1 to 15.

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