Conditional low layer triggered mobility using beam prediction

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive control signaling from a source cell indicating a beam prediction trigger condition for triggering transmission of a mobility request by the UE for triggering conditional triggering of layer-one or layer-two mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell. The UE may send a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on the beam measurement prediction for the future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. The UE may receive layer-one or layer-two signaling that triggers mobility of the UE from a source cell to a target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following pertains to wireless communications, including conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, and broadcasting. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction. For example, the described technology provides the use of beam prediction to assist conditionally triggered mobility. For instance, a user equipment (UE) can send a conditionally triggered mobility request if a target cell or candidate cell is predicted to have better quality than a source cell, or if the source cell is predicted to experience a radio link failure. The UE can be configured with triggers associated with beam prediction for sending conditionally low-layer triggered mobility requests. The low-layer trigger configuration can include one or more beam prediction trigger conditions based on one or more measurements and one or more trigger conditions based on beam prediction. For example, if a beam measurement prediction for one or more target cells is larger than a beam measurement prediction for the source cell by a threshold, the UE can be triggered to send a conditionally triggered mobility request. In some examples, the UE can perform one or more beam measurement predictions. Additionally or alternatively, the network can perform one or more beam measurement predictions. For example, the serving cell can predict one or more beam measurements and indicate these one or more beam measurement predictions to the UE, and the UE can determine whether the one or more beam measurement predictions satisfy one or more beam prediction trigger conditions. In some examples, the serving cell may obtain one or more beam measurement predictions and determine whether the one or more beam measurement predictions satisfy one or more beam prediction trigger conditions, and the serving cell may indicate to the UE that the one or more trigger conditions are satisfied. In some examples, satisfying one or more trigger conditions may be based on a confidence metric of one or more beam measurement predictions or a predicted number of one or more radio link failures that the serving cell will experience, or both.

[0004] A method for wireless communication by a UE is described. The method may include: receiving control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; transmitting the conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and receiving the Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0005] A UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be able to operate individually or jointly to execute the code so that the UE: receives control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; transmits the conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window that satisfies a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and receives the Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0006] Another UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include: components for receiving control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction trigger condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; components for transmitting the conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on beam measurement predictions for a future time window that satisfy a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger condition; and components for receiving the Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive control signaling from a source cell indicating a beam prediction trigger condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; transmit the conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window that satisfies a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger condition; and receive the Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0008] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the beam measurement prediction may be associated with the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request may be sent based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the conditionally triggered mobility request may be sent based on a first confidence metric of the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric of the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the conditionally triggered mobility request may be sent based on the fact that the number of predicted beam fault instances for the source cell prior to the future time window meets a beam fault instance threshold.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the beam measurement prediction may be the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request may be sent based on the difference between each beam measurement prediction in a set of multiple beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0012] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction, wherein the control signaling configures the UE to perform the prediction process.

[0013] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a control message from the source cell indicating the beam measurement prediction, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request may be sent based on the control message.

[0014] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a control message from the source cell that indicates that the beam measurement prediction meets the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein sending the conditionally triggered mobility request may be based on the control message.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message indicates the future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

[0016] In some examples of the methods described herein, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable media, the control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

[0017] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: measuring a first set of reference signals from the source cell to obtain one or more first sets of measurements, wherein the control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals; measuring a second set of reference signals from the target cell to obtain one or more second sets of measurements, wherein the control signaling indicates the second set of reference signals; and transmitting a measurement report indicating the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements, wherein the beam measurement prediction may be based on the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements.

[0018] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting indications of location information for the UE, wherein the beam measurement prediction may be based on that location information of the UE.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request and beam prediction triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control signaling indicates that beam prediction can be supported by the source cell and the target cell, and that sending the conditionally triggered mobility request can be based on beam prediction being supported by the source cell and the target cell.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control signaling indicates the backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell, and the sending of the conditionally triggered mobility request can satisfy a delay threshold based on the backhaul delay.

[0022] A method for wireless communication from a source cell is described. The method may include: sending control signaling to a UE, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a transmission by the UE of a mobility request for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window that satisfies a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and transmitting Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0023] A source cell for wireless communication is described. The source cell may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may operate individually or jointly to execute the code so that the source cell: sends control signaling to a UE indicating a beam prediction trigger condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to a target cell; receives the conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on beam measurement predictions for a future time window that satisfy a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger condition; and transmits Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0024] Another source cell for wireless communication is described. The source cell may include: components for sending control signaling to a UE, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; components for receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on beam measurement predictions for a future time window to satisfy a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and components for transmitting Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0025] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: send control signaling to a UE indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell; receive the conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window that satisfies a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and transmit Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the beam measurement prediction may be associated with the target cell, and receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request may be based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the conditionally triggered mobility request may be received based on a first confidence metric of the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric of the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the conditionally triggered mobility request may be received based on the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to the future time window meeting a beam failure instance threshold.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the beam measurement prediction may be the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request may be based on the difference between each beam measurement prediction in a set of multiple beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control signaling configures the UE to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

[0031] The methods described herein, source cells, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a control message to the UE indicating the beam measurement prediction, wherein receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request may be based on the control message.

[0032] Some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a control message to the UE that indicates that the beam measurement prediction meets the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request may be based on the control message.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransient computer-readable media described herein, the control message indicates the future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

[0035] Some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: transmitting a first set of reference signals to the UE, wherein the control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals and a second set of reference signals associated with the target cell; and receiving a measurement report indicating a first set of one or more measurements for the first set of reference signals and a second set of one or more measurements for the second set of reference signals, wherein the beam measurement prediction may be based on the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements.

[0036] The methods, source cells, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving location information for the UE, wherein the beam measurement prediction may be based on the location information of the UE.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, source cells, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request and beam prediction triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0039] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0040] Figure 3 An example of a process flow for conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, supported by one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0041] Figure 4 and Figure 5 A block diagram of a device supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0042] Figure 6 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0043] Figure 7 A diagram is shown of a system including a device that supports conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 8 and Figure 9 A block diagram of a device supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0045] Figure 10 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0046] Figure 11 A diagram is shown of a system including a device that supports conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0047] Figures 12 to 15 A flowchart illustrating a method for conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Some wireless communication systems support beam prediction techniques, where user equipment (UE) or network entities use machine learning or artificial intelligence to predict future signal or beam characteristics. Additionally, some wireless communication systems support lower-layer triggered mobility, where the UE uses lower-layer (e.g., Layer 1 or Layer 2) signaling to send a request to trigger mobility from a source cell to a target cell. A network entity (e.g., providing the source cell) can send the lower-layer triggered mobility configuration to the UE, indicating one or more candidate cell groups and one or more reference signals for measurements from the candidate cells. The lower-layer triggered mobility configuration can also indicate one or more measurement-based triggers for the UE to send a conditional lower-layer triggered mobility request to the source cell. For example, if the beam measurement for the target cell is a threshold larger than the beam measurement for the source cell, the UE can send a conditional lower-layer triggered mobility request to the source cell. The source and target cells can use a backhaul link to coordinate mobility. However, if the backhaul link has latency (e.g., due to the use of a radio backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul), the mobility process may not be initiated until the signal quality from the source cell has degraded. In some examples, the beam quality of the target cell may degrade, or the UE may declare a radio link failure or detect a beam failure before the mobility process has been completed.

[0049] The wireless communication system described herein supports the use of beam prediction to assist lower-layer triggered mobility. For example, if a target cell or candidate cell is predicted to have better quality than a source cell, or if a source cell is predicted to experience a radio link failure, the UE can send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request. The UE can be configured with one or more triggers associated with beam prediction for sending conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility requests. The lower-layer triggered mobility configuration can indicate one or more beam prediction trigger conditions based on one or more measurements and one or more trigger conditions based on beam prediction. For example, if the beam measurement prediction for the target cell is larger than the beam measurement prediction for the source cell by a threshold, the UE can be triggered to send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request. In some examples, the UE can perform one or more beam measurement predictions. Additionally or alternatively, the network can perform one or more beam measurement predictions. For example, the serving cell can predict one or more beam measurements and indicate such predictions to the UE, and the UE can determine whether such predictions satisfy one or more trigger conditions. In some examples, the serving cell may obtain one or more beam measurement predictions and determine whether the one or more beam measurement predictions satisfy one or more trigger conditions, and the serving cell may indicate to the UE that the one or more trigger conditions are satisfied. In some examples, satisfying one or more trigger conditions may be based on a confidence metric of one or more beam measurement predictions or a predicted number of one or more radio link failures that the serving cell will experience, or both.

[0050] The aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. These aspects are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction.

[0051] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0052] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other names. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0053] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices, such as... Figure 1 The other UE 115 or network entity 105 shown communicates.

[0054] As described herein, a node in the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. Alternatively, a node may be network entity 105. Alternatively, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second or third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0055] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 or with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 can communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0056] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation Node B or gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home Node B, home evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, self-contained) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0057] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105 (such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) 165, a Radio Unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near-real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0058] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU160 can connect to one or more DU 165s or RU 170s, and the one or more DU 165s or RU 170s can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between the DU 165 and RU 170, such that the DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170s). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165s via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170s via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 that communicate via these communication links.

[0059] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0060] For example, the access network (AN) or RAN may include communication between an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connectivity between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), wherein the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining the signaling messages (e.g., the F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be part of a backhaul link) and may communicate with other CU 160s (e.g., CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be part of a backhaul link).

[0061] IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, radio self-backhaul capability, etc.). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node communicating with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the AN's relay chain or configuration, IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB node 104 can provide a Uu interface for child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DU 165) can provide a Uu interface for parent IAB node 104 to send signaling notifications to child IAB node 104 or UE 115.

[0062] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communication to child IAB nodes, or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to core network 130 (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) and may act as a parent node of IAB node 104. For example, the IAB donor's DU 165 may relay transmissions to UE 115 via IAB node 104, or may signal transmissions directly to UE 115, or both. The IAB donor's CU 160 may signal the establishment of a communication link to IAB node 104 via an F1 interface, and IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions via DU 165 (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to UE 115). That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node 104 via signaling through the NR Uu interface of the MT to IAB node 104. Communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.

[0063] In the context of applying the techniques described herein to a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to support conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) can additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0064] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0065] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0066] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources that define the physical layer structure used to support the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 can be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0067] In some examples, such as in carrier aggregation configurations, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling to coordinate the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel grating used for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection can be performed by UE 115 via that carrier, or the carrier may operate in non-standalone mode, in which case different carriers (e.g., the same or different radio access technologies) are used to anchor the connection.

[0068] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmission (e.g., forward link transmission) from network entity 105 to UE 115, uplink transmission (e.g., return link transmission) from UE 115 to network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communication or uplink communication (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communication (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0069] A carrier may be associated with a specific bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the carrier or the “system bandwidth” of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one bandwidth in a set of bandwidths for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communication using a specific carrier bandwidth, or may be configured to support communication using one carrier bandwidth in a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include network entity 105 or UE 115 that supports concurrent communication using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., subband, BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0070] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high-order modulation scheme can correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources can increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0071] It can support one or more sets of parameters for a carrier, and the set of parameters may include subcarrier spacing ( (and cyclic prefix). A carrier can be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different sets of parameters. In some examples, UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP of a carrier can be active at a given time, and the communication of UE 115 can be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0072] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, of which This can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, while The supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size can be represented. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0073] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0074] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0075] Physical channels can be multiplexed using various techniques to enable communication using carriers. For example, one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via downlink carriers. The control region of a physical control channel (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include: a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set used to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0076] Network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hotspots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used (e.g., using a carrier) to communicate with network entity 105 and may be associated with an identifier used to distinguish adjacent cells (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID), or other identifier). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) in which a logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of network entity 105, the range of such cells may be from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be a building, a subset of buildings, or external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, or may include buildings, subsets of buildings, or external space between or overlapping coverage areas.

[0077] Macro cells typically cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access to UE 115 that has a service subscription with a network provider supporting the macro cell. In contrast, small cells may be associated with a lower-power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower-power base station 140) and may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to UE 115 that has a service subscription with a network provider, or restricted access to UE 115 associated with a small cell (e.g., UE 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), or UE 115 associated with a user in a home or office). Network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also use one or more component carriers to support communication via one or more cells.

[0078] In some examples, a carrier can support multiple cells and can be configured with different cells based on different protocol types that can provide access for different types of devices (e.g., MTC, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)).

[0079] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0080] The wireless communication system 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base station 140) can have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 can have different frame timings, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be time-aligned. The techniques described herein can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operation.

[0081] Some UE 115 devices (such as MTC or IoT devices) can be low-cost or low-complexity devices and can provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices with integrated sensors or meters to measure or acquire information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to people interacting with the application. Some UE 115 devices may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0082] Some UE 115s can be configured to operate in reduced-power modes, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not involve concurrent transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication can be performed at reduced peak rates. Other power-saving techniques for UE 115s include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating with limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UE 115s can be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a carrier's guard band, or outside a carrier.

[0083] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritizing services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0084] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0085] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signaling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), or communicate with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entity 105, base station 140, RU 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, or both.

[0086] Core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be transferred through user plane entities, which can provide IP address allocation and other functions. User plane entities can connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0087] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the High Frequency (HF) or Very High Frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0088] The wireless communication system 100 can also operate in the ultra-high frequency (SHF) region (also known as the centimeter band) in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or in the extremely high frequency (EHF) region (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as the millimeter band) using the spectrum. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can support millimeter-wave (mmW) communication between the UE 115 and network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices can be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, compared to SHF or UHF transmission, EHF transmission may experience even greater attenuation and a shorter range. The techniques disclosed herein can be adopted for transmission across one or more different frequency regions, and the frequency band usage specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory authority.

[0089] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed frequency bands may be combined with component carriers operating using licensed frequency bands (e.g., LAA) in a carrier aggregation-based configuration. Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0090] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0091] Network entity 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals can be transmitted, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0092] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device by the transmitting or receiving device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0093] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by network entity 105 along different directions. For example, network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmission along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as UE 115) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by network entity 105.

[0094] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with a receiving device (such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by network entity 105 along different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0095] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital pre-decoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating pre-decoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a configured beam set across the system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) that may or may not be pre-decoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a pre-decoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel codebook, linear combination codebook, port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) along one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception), or to transmit signals along a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0096] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform reception operations according to multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of reception beamforming weights (e.g., different sets of directional listening weights) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array; or processing the received signals according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array, any of which may refer to “listening” according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when a data signal is received). A single receiver configuration can be aligned along a beam direction determined by listening according to different receiver configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0097] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communication at the bearer or PDCP layer can be IP-based. The RLC layer performs packet segmentation and reassembly for transmission via logical channels. The MAC layer performs priority processing and multiplexing of logical channels to transport channels. The MAC layer can also implement error detection, error correction, or both to support retransmission and improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE 115 and network entity 105 or core network 130 supporting user plane data radio bearers. The PHY layer maps transport channels to physical channels.

[0098] UE 115 and network entity 105 can support data retransmission to increase the likelihood of successful data reception. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correctly receiving data via communication links (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received via a previous symbol in that time slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in subsequent time slots or according to a different time interval.

[0099] Wireless communication system 100 may support prediction techniques. For example, a device such as UE 115 or network entity 105 may predict channel, signal, or beam characteristics or measurements. In some examples, the device may use prediction for beam management. For example, the device may perform beam prediction in the time domain, spatial domain, or both to reduce overhead and latency while improving beam selection accuracy. In some examples, the device may make one or more predictions for a first set of beams (e.g., set A beams) based on one or more measurements of a second set of beams (e.g., set B beams). In some examples, the device may perform temporal downlink beam prediction for the first set of beams based on one or more historical measurements of the second set of beams. In some examples, the second set of beams may be a subset of the first set of beams. In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different. In some cases, the first set of beams may be associated with beam prediction, and the second set of beams may be associated with beam measurements.

[0100] The wireless communication system 100 can support mobility procedures based on the movement of UE 115 within the wireless communication system. For example, UE 115 can move from the coverage area of ​​a first cell to the coverage area of ​​a second cell, and UE 115 can be handed over from the first cell to the second cell. In some cases, several other conditions or factors, such as cell load, channel conditions, line-of-sight obstruction, etc., may be additionally or alternatively considered for the mobility procedure. In some examples, higher-layer signaling, such as RRC signaling, may be used to convey some mobility signaling.

[0101] The wireless communication system 100 may support technologies for lower-layer triggered mobility. For example, UE 115 or network entity 105, or both, may use lower-layer signaling (such as Layer 1 signaling (e.g., Uplink Control Information (UCI)) or Layer 2 signaling (e.g., MAC CE)) to convey mobility signaling. In some examples, lower-layer mobility may change the serving cell at UE 115 for lower-layer signaling, or the lower-layer mobility procedure may include performing a mobility procedure using lower-layer signaling.

[0102] Network entity 105 may send control signaling to UE 115 indicating the configuration for lower-layer triggered mobility. For example, the configuration for lower-layer triggered mobility may include one or more candidate cells and measurement thresholds for triggering lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0103] In some examples, UE 115 may be triggered to perform or request a lower-layer mobility procedure. If the conditions for lower-layer triggered mobility are met, UE 115 may send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request to the source cell. For example, if the signal measurement for the target cell is greater than the measurement for the source cell by a threshold difference, UE 115 may be triggered to send a lower-layer triggered mobility request. In some examples, control signaling may instruct beam prediction conditions or triggering for UE 115 to send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request.

[0104] One or more beam prediction triggering conditions for a lower-layer triggered mobility procedure may be based on one or more measurements of the serving source cell and one or more candidate cells. One or more measurements may be based on one or more currently filtered measurements, channel quality (e.g., cell or beam quality), the number of good beams (e.g., one or more beams with quality meeting a threshold), beam correlation, or a maximum allowable exposure threshold, or any combination thereof. In some examples, one or more triggering conditions may be based on a radio link failure in the primary cell.

[0105] In some examples, one or more triggering conditions may be based on beam fault detection or beam fault recovery. For example, upon detecting a beam fault or performing beam fault recovery, UE 115 may send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 may send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request when a threshold number of beam fault instances of the primary cell are detected (e.g., before triggering beam fault recovery).

[0106] In some examples, triggering conditions may be based on UE location and mobility. For example, UE location information may be used in conjunction with cell location information and used to predict the best candidate cell for Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility activation and primary cell selection. In some examples, one or more triggering conditions may be based on the full-duplex capability of the candidate cell. For example, if the candidate cell supports full-duplex communication, UE 115 may send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility trigger to that candidate cell. One or more triggering conditions for conditional lower-layer mobility may be based on any one or more of the described triggering conditions.

[0107] UE 115 can measure one or more signal and one or more channel characteristics of a first cell and one or more candidate cells operating as the serving cell. For example, if a second cell (e.g., a candidate cell) has better signal quality (e.g., phase difference threshold difference) compared to the first cell, UE 115 can determine to change the primary cell from the first cell to the second cell. UE 115 can send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request to the first cell (e.g., the source cell) to change the primary cell to the second cell (e.g., the target cell) with better signal quality. The network can activate the second cell for lower-layer mobility and update the second cell as the primary cell of UE 115. The first cell, the second cell, or both can send a lower-layer primary cell update confirmation to UE 115 after the update. In some examples, the first cell can still be configured for UE 115 as a secondary cell and can be used to communicate control signaling or data signaling.

[0108] In some examples, lower-layer triggered mobility configuration may indicate a cell group comprising multiple cells, while candidate cells for lower-layer mobility may correspond to a subset of that cell group indicated by the lower-layer triggered mobility configuration. For example, a subset of cells in a lower-layer triggered mobility candidate group may be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling) as conditional cells or conditional cell groups. In inter-DU systems, conditional cells or conditional cell groups may be defined according to DU 165. In some examples, multiple sets of configured conditional cells or conditional cell groups may exist. UE 115 may use a set including the current serving cell or serving cell group, which ensures that conditional lower-layer triggered mobility is performed only within the DU. Execution thresholds may be defined by the set of conditional cells. For example, execution thresholds may be configured based on whether the conditional cells and serving cells belong to the same set or different sets.

[0109] If one or more conditions are met, UE 115 may trigger conditional lower-layer triggered mobility. For example, UE 115 may trigger or initiate a handover from a conditional cell group to a new secondary primary cell or cell group. In some examples, UE 115 may activate a new secondary primary cell or cell group from a lower-layer triggered mobility conditional cell group via lower-layer signaling. In some examples, UE 115 may request a handover from a lower-layer triggered mobility candidate cell group or conditional cell group to a new secondary primary cell or cell group. For example, UE 115 may transmit a request via lower-layer signaling for the secondary primary cell or cell group to be updated to become the serving cell.

[0110] In some examples, one or more candidate cells can be updated to include or remove some cells. For example, UE 115 can measure one or more signals from one or more different cells and send one or more measurement reports to the serving cell. For example, UE 115 can send one or more layer-one measurement reports indicating a layer-one reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement or a layer-one signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement or both for the serving cell or one or more candidate cells in the candidate cells. The serving cell can determine whether to add or remove a cell based on the measurement reports.

[0111] In some cases, non-ideal backhaul may exist between the source and target cells of a mobility procedure triggered at a lower layer. Non-ideal backhaul can introduce additional latency to identify the target beam to be used by UE 115 after initiating a conditionally lower layer triggered mobility procedure. For example, one or more target cells may not be the serving cells of UE 115, and UE 115 may only report one or more measurements about one or more target cells to its currently active serving cell. Non-ideal backhaul latency can contribute significantly to the latency when indicating one or more preferred beams from one or more active serving cells to one or more target cells. If UE 115 continues to move or rotate while coordinating with one or more serving cells and one or more target cells, previously reported preferred beams may become outdated, necessitating more time-consuming beam refinement to find a suitable beam.

[0112] Wireless communication system 100 can support beam prediction for lower-layer triggered mobility. For example, UE 115 or network entity 105, or both, can use time-domain beam prediction for lower-layer triggered mobility, which can compensate for non-ideal backhaul delays. For example, UE 115 can support performing prediction of a preferred beam 200ms in advance for a target cell, where the non-ideal backhaul delay could be 150ms. Once UE 115 is present in the target cell, delays from non-ideal backhaul can be avoided by scheduling UE 115 using the predicted future beam.

[0113] Configuration for lower-layer triggered mobility in wireless communication system 100 may include one or more parameters associated with beam prediction. For example, network entity 105 may send control signaling indicating configuration for lower-layer triggered mobility, and this configuration may indicate both one or more conditions for measurement-based (e.g., measurement results) lower-layer triggered mobility and one or more conditions for prediction-based (e.g., time-domain beam prediction results) lower-layer triggered mobility. If UE 115 detects that the conditions for sending a conditional lower-layer triggered mobility request based on beam prediction are met, UE 115 may send a conditional lower-layer triggered mobility request.

[0114] UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., serving cell) may perform one or more beam predictions for conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility. For example, UE 115 may predict one or more beam characteristics with respect to a future timing and send the request based on determining that one or more predicted beam characteristics satisfy conditions for sending a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 105 may predict one or more beam characteristics with respect to a future timing. In some examples, network entity 105 may indicate one or more predicted beam characteristics to UE 115, and UE 115 may determine whether one or more predicted beam characteristics satisfy one or more conditions. In some examples, network entity 105 may determine that one or more predicted beam characteristics satisfy conditions, and network entity 105 may send an indication (e.g., and explicit indication) to UE 115 that one or more conditions for sending a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request are satisfied based on predictions made at network entity 105, then UE 115 may send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request.

[0115] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The wireless communication system 200 may include a UE 115-a and one or more cells 205. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a first cell 205-a and a second cell 205-b. In some examples, the cell 205 may be an example of a network entity 105. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity 105 may provide multiple cells 205.

[0116] In some examples, the first cell 205-a and the second cell 205-b may communicate using a non-ideal backhaul 120-a. The non-ideal backhaul 120-a may introduce some latency for communication between the first cell 205-a and the second cell 205-b. In some cases, the non-ideal backhaul 120-a may be an example of radio backhaul. The first cell 205-a may be an example of the serving cell of UE 115. In some examples, the first cell 205-a may be an example of the primary cell or source cell of UE 115-a, or both. The second cell 205-b may be an example of a candidate cell of UE 115-a. In some examples, the second cell 205-b may be the serving cell of UE 115-a, or UE 115-a may not be connected to the second cell 205-b. For example, the second cell 205-b may be associated with a DU that is different from the currently active serving cell of UE 115-a.

[0117] UE 115-a and cell 205 can support conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility based on beam prediction. For example, if UE 115-a detects that one or more triggering conditions associated with beam prediction are met, UE 115-a can send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 to first cell 205-a. The conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 can be sent using lower-layer signaling such as Layer 1 signaling or Layer 2 signaling. For example, UE 115-a can send the conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 via uplink control information or MAC control elements. One or more beam predictions can be performed at UE 115-a or at cell 205 (such as first cell 205-a).

[0118] In some examples, beam prediction for a source cell or target cell may include one or more beam measurement predictions. For example, UE 115-a or cell 205, or both, may obtain one or more future RSRP measurement predictions, one or more future SINR measurement predictions, or both, for a source cell or target cell in a lower-layer triggered mobility event. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115-a or the source cell, or both, may predict the set of leading future resources (e.g., future resources in terms of strength or highest RSRP or SINR, or both) for the source cell or target cell in a lower-layer triggered mobility event. In some examples, beam prediction may include radio link failure prediction or beam failure prediction. For example, UE 115-a or the source cell may predict whether the source cell will experience a radio link failure or a beam failure. In some examples, UE 115-a or the source cell may predict the number of one or more beam failure instances that the source cell may experience before a future time window.

[0119] The first cell 205-a may send configuration 210 for conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility to UE 115-a via control signaling. In some examples, this control signaling may be radio resource control signaling (RRC signaling) instructing configuration 210. Configuration 210 may include one or more triggering conditions based on one or more measurements and one or more triggering conditions based on time-domain beam prediction. Configuration 210 may include one or more beam prediction thresholds, one or more confidence level thresholds associated with beam prediction, one or more beam failure prediction thresholds, one or more radio failure prediction thresholds, timing information associated with beam prediction (e.g., a time window for beam prediction), or any combination thereof.

[0120] In some examples, configuration 210 may indicate a set of candidate cells for a mobility procedure triggered at a lower layer. For example, the configuration may indicate one or more cells 205, including at least the second cell 205-b. Additionally or alternatively, UE115-b may measure reference signals transmitted by cell 205 and request that one or more cells 205 be added to or removed from the set of candidate cells.

[0121] In some examples, UE 115-a may determine whether to trigger a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on whether beam prediction is used. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115-a may determine whether to initiate a timer value associated with an acknowledgment in a lower-layer triggered mobility candidate cell based on whether beam prediction is used. In some examples, if the serving cell or target cell, or both, of UE 115-a does not support time-domain beam prediction, UE 115-a may determine not to trigger a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215. For example, if first cell 205-a is the serving cell of UE 115-a and does not support beam prediction, UE 115-a may not send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215. Additionally or alternatively, if second cell 205-b is the target cell for a lower-layer triggered mobility procedure, UE 115-a may not send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215.

[0122] Beam prediction can be performed by UE 115-a or the network. For example, UE 115-a can measure one or more reference signals and perform one or more beam predictions, or the source cell can perform one or more beam predictions. In some examples, the source cell can perform one or more beam predictions based on one or more measurement reports from UE 115-a, measurement reports from other UE 115, or information received from other cells 205.

[0123] In some examples, UE 115-a may transmit a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on UE-side beam prediction. For example, the conditions for triggering the transmission of the lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 may include at least a criterion for meeting beam characteristics predicted by the UE regarding future time-domain timing. This condition may additionally or alternatively be based on UE 115-a reporting the predicted beam characteristics to the source cell.

[0124] The criterion may include or be based on one or more thresholds for one or more predicted future beam characteristics (e.g., predicted layer-1 future RSRP measurements or predicted layer-1 future SINR measurements, or both). In some examples, the criterion may include or be based on one or more thresholds relating to one or more confidence levels associated with one or more predictions. In some examples, the criterion may include or be based on whether one or more RLF or beam failures are predicted for the source cell. For example, one or more thresholds may be based on whether a radio link failure or beam failure is predicted to occur at one or more source cells. In some examples, the criterion may include or be based on future time-domain timing or windows associated with one or more predictions.

[0125] For UE-side beam prediction, UE 115-a can measure one or more reference signals transmitted by a first cell 205-a or a second cell 205-b, or both. For example, UE 115-a can measure one or more reference signals 220-a from the first cell 205-a or one or more reference signals 220-b from the second cell 205-b, or both. UE 115-a can additionally or alternatively measure one or more reference signals from other cells 205 in a configured set of one or more candidate cells or a configured set of one or more target cells.

[0126] In some examples, configuration 210 may indicate one or more target reference signals associated with one or more target cells to be measured or used for prediction. For example, configuration 210 may indicate one or more target reference signals from second cell 205-b. In some examples, synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or CSI-RS may be examples of target reference signals. For example, first cell 205-a may select one or more SSBs of second cell 205-b to associate with beam prediction. In some examples, configuration 210 may indicate a set of one or more candidate cells that includes at least second cell 205-b, or a set of one or more target cells. In some examples, first cell 205-a may configure UE 115-a to use which one or more SSBs of each candidate cell in a lower-layer triggered mobility candidate cell pool as the target reference signal for conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility based on beam prediction.

[0127] For UE-side beam prediction, UE 115-a may measure one or more reference signals 220-a from the first cell 205-a, and use these measurements to obtain beam measurements for one or more predictions of the first cell 205-a. For example, UE 115-a may measure one or more SSBs from the first cell 205-a, and use these measurements to perform a prediction process to identify the set of top-ranking beams for one or more predictions of the first cell 205-a during a future timing period. In some examples, UE 115-a may predict the optimal beam from the target cell during a future timing period.

[0128] In some examples, UE 115-a may measure one or more reference signals 220-b from a second cell 205-b and use these measurements to obtain one or more predicted beam measurements for the second cell 205-b. For example, UE 115-a may measure one or more SSBs from the second cell 205-b and use these measurements to perform a prediction process to identify the set of top-ranking beams for one or more predicted beams of the second cell 205-b during a future timing period. In some examples, UE 115-a may additionally measure one or more other reference signals from one or more other candidate cells or one or more target cells to obtain one or more predicted beam measurements for one or more other candidate cells, or one or more other target cells, or both.

[0129] UE 115-a can be triggered to send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on one or more predicted measurements for a first cell 205-a and one or more predicted measurements for one or more target cells (such as a second cell 205-b). For example, if some or all of the predicted beam measurements for one or more target cells exceed a threshold for one or more predicted beam measurements for the source cell, UE 115-a can trigger the transmission of a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215. For example, if UE 115-a has identified that a later measurement time than the current measurement time... One or more time-domain timings in milliseconds, configured for some or all of the SSBs for UE 115-a regarding target cell monitoring, are at least greater than the optimal SSB configured for UE 115-a regarding source cell monitoring. If the db (e.g., in terms of predicted RSRP) is used, then UE 115-a can send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215. YThe value of Y can be predefined (e.g., in a standard document) or indicated in control signaling received from the first cell 205-a or other network entities, wherein for one or more time-domain opportunities or windows that are X-ms later than the current measurement opportunity, the value of Y can be greater than the optimal SSB configured for the UE to monitor one or more source cells in terms of L1-RSRP. In some examples, if UE 115-a has also predicted the RLF in the source cell during the same one or more future TD opportunities or windows, then Y The value of Y can be lower. In some examples, if UE 115-a has also predicted at least Z beam failure instances before one or more future TD timings or windows for the predicted L1-RSRP, the value of Y can be lower (the value of Z can also be predefined (e.g., in a standard document) or indicated in control signaling received from the first cell 205-a or other network entity). In some cases, UE 115-a may report one or more such predictions back to the first cell 205-a or other network entity before triggering the transmission of a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215.

[0130] In the example, UE 115-a can obtain a measurement prediction for the strongest beam from the first cell 205-a, and UE 115-a can obtain a measurement prediction for the target reference signal for each configuration from the target cells. The measurement prediction for the first cell 205-a and one or more measurement predictions for one or more target cells can each be for a future timing of 100ms (e.g., 100ms later than the current measurement timing). If the measurement prediction for each of the one or more target cells exceeds a threshold for the measurement prediction for the first cell 205-a, UE 115-a can be triggered to send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215. For example, if the measurement for each predicted target cell is 9dB greater than the measurement for the predicted source cell, UE 115-a can send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215.

[0131] In some examples, the threshold difference may be based on whether a beam failure or radio link failure is predicted for the first cell 205-a. For example, if UE 115-a predicts that the first cell 205-a will experience a radio link failure during the same future time-domain timing or window, the threshold may be smaller. For example, if UE 115-a predicts a radio link failure for the first cell 205-a during a future time-domain timing, the threshold may change from 9 dB to 4 dB. Additionally or alternatively, the threshold difference may be based on the number of one or more predicted beam failure instances for the first cell 205-a prior to a future time-domain timing. For example, if UE 115-a predicts a beam failure instance for the first cell 205-a at a threshold number prior to a future time-domain timing, UE 115-a may use a smaller threshold difference to determine whether to send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215. In the example, assuming the non-ideal backhaul delay is X ms, the first cell 205-a or a network entity may indicate this non-ideal backhaul delay to the UE. In some cases, the first cell 205-a or the network entity may not explicitly say that X-ms is about the backhaul delay, but may only indicate the value of X for the UE to determine whether the conditions for sending a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 are met.

[0132] In some examples, the threshold difference can be based on whether the confidence level of the prediction meets a threshold. For example, UE 115-a can generate a confidence level associated with how accurate each prediction is. For instance, if the confidence level of the prediction is very high, UE 115-a can assume that the prediction is more likely to be accurate. In some examples, the triggering condition for sending a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request can be that the confidence level of the beam prediction of the source cell or the target cell, or both, meets a confidence level threshold.

[0133] In some examples, UE 115-a may send a lower-layer triggered mobility request based on reporting beam measurement predictions to first cell 205-a. For example, in some cases, if UE 115-a has not yet reported beam measurement predictions for first cell 205-a or one or more target cells or any combination thereof to first cell 205-a, UE 115-a may not send a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215.

[0134] In some examples, UE 115-a may send a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on the backhaul latency of the first cell 205-a. For example, configuration 210 may indicate the latency of non-ideal backhaul 120-a. In some examples, the triggering condition for sending a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 may be met if the latency of non-ideal backhaul (e.g., non-ideal backhaul 120-a) exceeds a threshold. In some examples, configuration 210 may include a threshold for the latency of non-ideal backhaul 120-a.

[0135] To trigger the transmission of a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request based on network-side time-domain beam prediction, the source cell may perform or otherwise obtain one or more beam predictions for the source cell and one or more target cells. In some examples, one or more conditions for triggering the transmission of a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request based on one or more network-side beam predictions may be similar to the conditions for triggering a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request based on one or more UE-side beam predictions. For example, criteria or conditions may include one or more thresholds for measurements of one or more predictions, one or more thresholds for one or more confidence levels associated with the predictions, one or more beam failure predictions, one or more radio link failure predictions, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the source cell may similarly configure one or more target reference signals of the source cell or one or more target cells, or both, for use in time-domain beam prediction.

[0136] For example, for a lower-layer-triggered mobility procedure based on network-side prediction, UE 115-a may measure one or more target reference signals indicated by configuration 210. UE 115-a may send a measurement report 230 to first cell 205-a indicating one or more measurements for the one or more target reference signals. First cell 205-a may use machine learning to perform a prediction process to obtain temporal beam predictions for first cell 205-a and one or more target cells (such as second cell 205-b). For example, first cell 205-a may predict the beam measurement of the strongest beam for first cell 205-a during a future temporal timing and the beam measurements associated with all target reference signals. In some examples, first cell 205-a may predict whether first cell 205-a will experience a radio link failure during or before a future temporal timing, or the number of beam failure instances before a future temporal timing.

[0137] In some examples, the first cell 205-a may send control signaling to the UE 115-a indicating one or more time-domain beam predictions. The UE 115-a may compare one or more time-domain beam predictions of the first cell 205-a and one or more target cells to determine whether one or more triggering conditions for transmitting a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 are met. For example, the UE 115-a may compare the time-domain beam prediction of the target cell to one or more time-domain beam predictions of the first cell 205-a by a threshold. The threshold may be based on whether a radio link failure or beam failure is predicted in the first cell 205-a before or during a future time-domain timing.

[0138] Additionally or alternatively, the first cell 205-a may send an explicit indication that the transmission of a mobility request 215 triggered by a lower layer is satisfied, based on criteria. For example, the first cell 205-a may generate one or more predictions and compare one or more beam predictions of the first cell 205-a with one or more beam predictions of a target cell. If the first cell 205-a determines that one or more triggering conditions are satisfied, the first cell 205-a may send an indication to the UE 115-a that one or more triggering conditions are satisfied. The UE 115-a may then send the lower layer triggered mobility request 215 based on the indication from the first cell 205-a that one or more triggering conditions are satisfied. In some examples, the indication of whether the criteria are satisfied may include an indication of one or more time-domain timings or windows in which the criteria are satisfied (e.g., future time-domain timings or windows associated with one or more time-domain beam predictions).

[0139] In some examples, one or more triggering conditions for sending a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 may be based on whether or not temporal beam prediction is used or the type of temporal beam prediction used. For example, if temporal beam prediction is not supported or implemented, UE 115-a may not trigger the transmission of a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request based on beam prediction. In some examples, even if temporal beam prediction is not supported, UE 115-a may send a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on measurement results. In some examples, UE 115-a may trigger the transmission of a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on the location where one or more predictions are made. For example, for one or more UE-side predictions, UE 115-a may trigger the transmission of a lower-layer triggered mobility request based on one or more measurements and one or more predictions made at UE 115-a. For one or more network-side predictions, UE 115-a may trigger the transmission of a lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 based on an indication from the source cell for one or more time-domain beam predictions or based on an explicit indication from the source cell that one or more triggering conditions are met.

[0140] In some examples, the first cell 205-a may send control signaling to indicate which criteria or triggering conditions should be used for a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility procedure. For example, the first cell 205-a may indicate whether time-domain beam prediction is supported, or the first cell 205-a may indicate whether one or more predictions are made at the UE 115-a or the network side. In some examples, the control signaling may be an aspect of configuration 210, include the configuration, or be included with the configuration. In some examples, downlink control information, MAC signaling (e.g., Media Access Control Element (MAC CE)), or RRC signaling may be examples of control signaling indicating criteria or triggering conditions.

[0141] First cell 205-a may receive a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request 215 and coordinate with one or more target cells to perform a mobility procedure for UE 115-a. For example, first cell 205-a may communicate or coordinate with second cell 205-b via non-ideal backhaul 120-a to trigger UE 115-a's mobility from first cell 205-a to second cell 205-b. In some examples, first cell 205-a may activate second cell 205-b as the serving cell for UE 115-a. First cell 205-a may send lower-layer signaling (e.g., Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling) to trigger UE 115-a's mobility from first cell 205-a to second cell 205-b in response to the conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request. First cell 205-a may send mobility signaling 225 to trigger UE 115-a's mobility from first cell 205-a to second cell 205-b.

[0142] Figure 3 An example of a procedure flow 300 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Procedure flow 300 may be implemented by UE 115-b, source cell 305-a, target cell 305-b, or any combination thereof.

[0143] UE 115-b may be an example of UE 115 as described herein. In some examples, source cell 305-a and target cell 305-b may each be an example of network entity 105 or DU 165 as described herein. In some examples, source cell 305-a and target cell 305-b may each be an example of, as described in reference [reference] Figure 2 Examples of cells described for cell 205. For example, source cell 305-a may be an example of a source cell serving UE 115-b, and target cell 305-b may be an example of a target cell, a candidate cell, or both. In some cases, source cell 305-a and target cell 305-b may communicate via a backhaul link. In some examples, the backhaul link between source cell 305-a and target cell 305-b may be an example of a non-ideal backhaul.

[0144] In some examples, some procedures or signaling in process flow 300 may occur in a different order than that shown. In some examples, some signaling or procedures shown may not occur. Additionally or alternatively, additional signaling or procedures not shown in process flow 300 may occur.

[0145] At 310, source cell 305-a may send a configuration for lower-layer triggered mobility to UE 115-b. For example, UE 115-b may receive control signaling from source cell 305-a indicating beam prediction triggering conditions for triggering a mobility request by UE 115-b to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from source cell 305-a to the target cell. The control signaling may indicate a lower-layer triggered mobility configuration including triggering conditions for UE 115-b to send a conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility request. In some examples, the control signaling may be RRC signaling.

[0146] In some examples, beam prediction triggering conditions may be based on one or more thresholds. For example, control signaling may indicate one or more threshold differences between one or more target cell predictions and one or more source cell predictions (e.g., in predicted RSRP or predicted SINR or both), one or more thresholds for one or more predicted beam measurements, the number of thresholds for beam failure instances, one or more prediction confidence thresholds, or any combination thereof. In some examples, control signaling may indicate a future timing window, a future timing, or a timing gap between the measurement timing and the prediction timing.

[0147] In some examples, control signaling may indicate one or more reference signals. In some examples, the one or more reference signals indicated by control signaling may be examples of one or more target reference signals. In some cases, control signaling may indicate identifiers of one or more reference signals, one or more cell identifiers of the cell transmitting one or more reference signals, or both. In some aspects, one or more target reference signals may be CSI-RS, or SSB, or both. In some cases, each target reference signal may correspond to a different beam. In some examples, UE 115-b may be configured to monitor multiple target reference signals for a single target cell or candidate cell. In some examples, not all candidate cells may be configured with target reference signals. For example, UE 115-b may be configured to measure reference signals from a subset of candidate cells for conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0148] At 315, UE 115-b can measure one or more reference signals from source cell 305-a and one or more target cells including target cell 305-b. For example, UE 115-b can measure a first set of reference signals from source cell 305-a to obtain a first set of one or more measurements, and UE 115-b can measure a second set of reference signals from target cell 305-b to obtain a second set of one or more measurements. For example, UE 115-b can measure one or more SSBs transmitted by source cell 305-a and one or more SSBs transmitted by target cell 305-b.

[0149] In some examples, at 320, UE 115-b may send a measurement report to source cell 305-a. For example, UE 115-b may send a measurement report indicating a first set of one or more measurements and a second set of one or more measurements.

[0150] Beam prediction for conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility procedures can be performed at UE 115-b or at the network. For example, UE 115-b can perform the prediction procedure at 325-a based on measurements of source cell 305-a and one or more target cells. UE 115-b can obtain time-domain beam prediction based on target reference signals transmitted by source cell 305-a, and based on corresponding target reference signals transmitted by each target cell. In some examples, control signaling can configure UE 115-b to perform the prediction procedure. In some examples, UE 115-b can send one or more prediction results to source cell 305-a at 330. For example, UE 115-b can report one or more predicted beam characteristics (e.g., for source cell 305-a, one or more target cells, or any combination thereof) to source cell 305-a.

[0151] For conditionally lower-layer triggered mobility based on network-side predictions, network entity 105 can perform a prediction process. For example, source cell 305-a can perform the prediction process at 325-b. In some examples, source cell 305-a can perform the prediction process based on one or more measurement reports received at 320.

[0152] In some examples, source cell 305-a may send an indication of one or more prediction results to UE 115-b at 335. For example, source cell 305-a may obtain one or more time-domain beam measurement predictions for source cell 305-a and one or more target cells, and source cell 305-a may send control signaling to UE 115-b indicating one or more time-domain beam measurement predictions. UE 115-b may then compare the one or more time-domain beam measurement predictions with a threshold configured by the control signaling at 310.

[0153] At 340, UE 115-b may send a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window that meets a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. In some examples, UE 115-b may use lower-layer signaling to send the conditionally triggered mobility request. For example, UE 115-b may send the conditionally triggered mobility request via Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling. In some examples, the beam measurement prediction may be based on a beam measurement prediction for the source cell 305-a, one or more beam measurement predictions for one or more target cells, or any combination thereof.

[0154] In some examples, UE 115-b may send a conditionally triggered mobility request based on the difference between a beam measurement prediction for source cell 305-a and a beam measurement prediction for one or more target cells. For example, a conditionally triggered mobility request may be sent based on the difference between a first beam measurement prediction associated with source cell 305-a and a second beam measurement prediction associated with target cell 305-b satisfying a threshold.

[0155] In some examples, UE 115-b may send a conditionally triggered mobility request based on a threshold satisfied by the difference between each of the multiple beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell. For example, if each target cell is predicted to have a stronger signal than the source cell 305-a during a future time window (e.g., a measurement with a higher predicted RSRP or a measurement with a higher predicted SINR, or both), a triggering condition may be satisfied, and UE 115-b may send a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0156] In some examples, one or more triggering conditions may be based on one or more confidence levels associated with a prediction. For example, if the confidence level of one or more predictions is higher than a confidence level threshold, the triggering condition for sending a conditionally triggered mobility request may be met. As described herein, one or more comparisons with one or more thresholds may be performed by UE 115-b, or one or more comparisons may be performed by source cell 305-a and indicated to UE 115-b.

[0157] In some examples, for network-side prediction, source cell 305-a may send an explicit indication of whether one or more triggering conditions are met. For example, source cell 305-a may compare one or more temporal beam predictions with a threshold and determine whether one or more triggering conditions are met. UE 115-b may receive a control message indicating that the beam measurement prediction meets the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering conditions.

[0158] At point 345, source cell 305-a and target cell 305-b can coordinate the mobility of UE 115-b. For example, source cell 305-a can activate target cell 305-b as the serving cell of UE 115-b. In some examples, source cell 305-a can change the serving cell or primary cell of UE 115-b to target cell 305-b.

[0159] At 350, source cell 305-a may send mobility signaling to UE 115-b. For example, UE 115-b may receive Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE 115-b's mobility from source cell 305-a to target cell 305-b in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0160] Figure 4 A block diagram 400 of a device 405 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 405 may be an example of various aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Device 405 may include a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, and a communications manager 420. Device 405 or one or more components of device 405 (e.g., receiver 410, transmitter 415, and communications manager 420) may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0161] Receiver 410 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, or other channels related to mobility conditionally triggered using beam prediction). The information may be passed to other components of device 405. Receiver 410 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0162] Transmitter 415 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 405. For example, transmitter 415 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, or conditions-triggered mobility-related channels using beam prediction). In some examples, transmitter 415 may be co-located with receiver 410 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 415 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0163] The communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0164] In some examples, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of the following: a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic component, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0165] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise individually or jointly to support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0166] In some examples, the communication manager 420 may be configured to use a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 420 may receive information from the receiver 410, transmit information to the transmitter 415, or integrate with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0167] Communication manager 420 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 420 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving control signaling from a source cell that indicates a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to a target cell. Communication manager 420 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. Communication manager 420 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0168] By including or configuring a communication manager 420 according to an example as described herein, device 405 (e.g., controlling receiver 410, transmitter 415, communication manager 420 or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources by preventing radio link failures and reducing the amount of resources used for beam measurement and mobility processes.

[0169] Figure 5 A block diagram 500 of a device 505 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 505 may be an example of aspects of device 405 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communication manager 520. Device 505 or one or more components of device 505 (e.g., receiver 510, transmitter 515, and communication manager 520) may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0170] Receiver 510 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, or other channels related to mobility conditionally triggered using beam prediction). The information may be passed to other components of device 505. Receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0171] Transmitter 515 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 505. For example, transmitter 515 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to mobility triggered by conditional lower layers using beam prediction). In some examples, transmitter 515 may be co-located with receiver 510 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0172] Device 505 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, communication manager 520 may include trigger condition configuration component 525, conditional mobility request component 530, mobility signaling component 535, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 520 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 420 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 520 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 520 may receive information from receiver 510, transmit information to transmitter 515, or integrate with receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0173] Communication Manager 520 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Trigger Condition Configuration Component 525 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving control signaling from a source cell that indicates beam prediction trigger conditions for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility for the UE from the source cell to the target cell. Conditional Mobility Request Component 530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger conditions. Mobility Signaling Component 535 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0174] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of a communication manager 620 supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The communication manager 620 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 420, communication manager 520, or both as described herein. The communication manager 620 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620 may include a trigger condition configuration component 625, a conditional mobility request component 630, a mobility signaling component 635, a prediction component 640, a prediction reception component 645, a measurement component 650, a location indication component 655, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or its components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0175] The communication manager 620 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. The trigger condition configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving control signaling from the source cell indicating beam prediction trigger conditions for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell. The conditional mobility request component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger conditions. The mobility signaling component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0176] In some examples, beam measurement prediction is associated with a target cell, and a conditionally triggered mobility request is sent based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0177] In some examples, conditionally triggered mobility requests are sent based on a first confidence metric predicted by beam measurements associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric predicted by second beam measurements associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

[0178] In some examples, conditionally triggered mobility requests are sent based on the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to a future time window meeting a beam failure instance threshold.

[0179] In some examples, the beam measurement prediction is the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent based on the difference between each beam measurement prediction in a set of multiple beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0180] In some examples, prediction component 640 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for performing prediction processes to obtain beam measurement predictions, wherein control signaling configures the UE to perform prediction processes.

[0181] In some examples, the prediction reception component 645 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving control messages indicating beam measurement predictions from a source cell, wherein conditionally triggered mobility requests are sent based on the control messages.

[0182] In some examples, the prediction reception component 645 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components that receive control messages from a source cell, the control messages indicating that beam measurement predictions meet a threshold associated with beam prediction triggering conditions, wherein conditionally triggered mobility requests are sent based on the control messages.

[0183] In some examples, the control message indicates a future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

[0184] In some examples, control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain beam measurement predictions.

[0185] In some examples, measurement component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: measuring a first set of reference signals from a source cell to obtain one or more first sets of measurements, wherein control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals. In some examples, measurement component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: measuring a second set of reference signals from a target cell to obtain one or more second sets of measurements, wherein control signaling indicates the second set of reference signals. In some examples, measurement component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: transmitting measurement reports indicating one or more first sets of measurements and one or more second sets of measurements, wherein beam measurement prediction is based on one or more first sets of measurements and one or more second sets of measurements.

[0186] In some examples, the location indication component 655 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: transmitting indications of location information to the UE, wherein beam measurement prediction is based on the UE's location information.

[0187] In some examples, control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for conditionally triggered mobility requests and beam prediction triggering conditions for conditionally triggered mobility requests.

[0188] In some examples, control signaling indicates that beam prediction is supported by both the source and target cells, and conditionally triggered mobility requests are sent based on the support of beam prediction by both the source and target cells.

[0189] In some examples, control signaling indicates the backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell, and sends a conditionally triggered mobility request based on the backhaul delay meeting a delay threshold.

[0190] Figure 7 A diagram of a system 700 including device 705 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 705 may be an example of device 405, device 505, or UE 115 as described herein, or a component including such devices. Device 705 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 705 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 720, an input / output (I / O) controller 710, a transceiver 715, an antenna 725, at least one memory 730, code 735, and at least one processor 740. These components may communicate electronically or be coupled in other ways (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 745).

[0191] I / O controller 710 manages the input and output signals of device 705. I / O controller 710 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 705. In some cases, I / O controller 710 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 710 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Alternatively, the I / O controller 710 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 740. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 705 via the I / O controller 710 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 710.

[0192] In some cases, device 705 may include a single antenna 725. However, in other cases, device 705 may have more than one antenna 725, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 715 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 725, a wired link, or a wireless link as described herein. For example, transceiver 715 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 715 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 725 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 725. Transceiver 715, or transceiver 715 and one or more antennas 725, may be an example of transmitter 415, transmitter 515, receiver 410, receiver 510, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0193] At least one memory 730 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 735, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 740, cause device 705 to perform the various functions described herein. The code 735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 735 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 740, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 730 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0194] At least one processor 740 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 740 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 740. At least one processor 740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., at least one memory 730) to cause device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction). For example, device 705 or components of device 705 may include at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 740, wherein at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 740 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 730 may include multiple memories. One or more of a plurality of processors may be coupled to one or more of a plurality of memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein.

[0195] The communication manager 720 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving control signaling from a source cell that indicates a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to a target cell. The communication manager 720 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. The communication manager 720 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0196] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to an example as described herein, device 705 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, and utilizing communication resources more efficiently.

[0197] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using a transceiver 715, one or more antennas 725, or any combination thereof, or otherwise cooperating with them. Although the communication manager 720 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 720 may be supported by or executed by at least one processor 740, at least one memory 730, code 735, or any combination thereof. For example, code 735 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 740 to cause device 705 to perform various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein, or at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0198] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 805 may be an example of aspects of network entity 105 as described herein. Device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. Device 805 or one or more components of device 805 (e.g., receiver 810, transmitter 815, and communication manager 820) may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0199] Receiver 810 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 805. In some examples, receiver 810 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 810 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0200] Transmitter 815 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 805. For example, transmitter 815 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 815 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 815 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 815 and receiver 810 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0201] The communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0202] In some examples, the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0203] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by any combination of a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise individually or jointly to support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0204] In some examples, the communication manager 820 may be configured to use a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, transmit information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0205] The communication manager 820 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending control signaling to the UE indicating beam prediction triggering conditions for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell. The communication manager 820 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving conditionally triggered mobility requests from the UE based on beam measurement predictions for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering conditions. The communication manager 820 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0206] By including or configuring a communication manager 820 according to an example as described herein, device 805 (e.g., controlling receiver 810, transmitter 815, communication manager 820 or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources by preventing radio link failures and reducing the amount of resources used for beam measurement and mobility processes.

[0207] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 of a device 905 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 905 may be an example of aspects of device 805 or network entity 105 as described herein. Device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communication manager 920. Device 905, or one or more components of device 905 (e.g., receiver 910, transmitter 915, and communication manager 920), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0208] Receiver 910 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 905. In some examples, receiver 910 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 910 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0209] Transmitter 915 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 905. For example, transmitter 915 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 915 and receiver 910 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0210] Device 905 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, communication manager 920 may include trigger condition configuration component 925, conditional mobility request reception component 930, mobility signaling component 935, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 920 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 820 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 920 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 910, transmitter 915, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receive, acquire, monitor, output, transmit). For example, communication manager 920 may receive information from receiver 910, transmit information to transmitter 915, or integrate with receiver 910, transmitter 915, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0211] The communication manager 920 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. The trigger condition configuration component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending control signaling to the UE indicating beam prediction trigger conditions for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell. The conditional mobility request receiving component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving a conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger conditions. The mobility signaling component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0212] Figure 10 A block diagram 1000 of a communication manager 1020 supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The communication manager 1020 may be an example of a communication manager 820, a communication manager 920, or aspects thereof as described herein. The communication manager 1020 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may include a trigger condition configuration component 1025, a conditional mobility request receiving component 1030, a mobility signaling component 1035, a prediction indication component 1040, a measurement reporting component 1045, a location indication component 1050, or any combination thereof. These components, or each of their components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and such communication may include communication within protocol layers of the protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0213] The communication manager 1020 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. The trigger condition configuration component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending control signaling to the UE indicating beam prediction trigger conditions for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell. The conditional mobility request receiving component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving a conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction trigger conditions. The mobility signaling component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0214] In some examples, beam measurement prediction is associated with a target cell, and a conditionally triggered mobility request is received based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0215] In some examples, conditionally triggered mobility requests are received based on a first confidence metric predicted by beam measurements associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric predicted by second beam measurements associated with the source cell, or both meeting a confidence metric threshold.

[0216] In some examples, conditionally triggered mobility requests are received based on the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to a future time window meeting a beam failure instance threshold.

[0217] In some examples, the beam measurement prediction is the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is received based on the difference between each beam measurement prediction in a set of multiple beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0218] In some examples, control signaling configures the UE to perform a prediction process to obtain beam measurement predictions.

[0219] In some examples, the prediction indication component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: sending a control message to the UE indicating beam measurement prediction, wherein conditionally triggered mobility requests are received based on the control message.

[0220] In some examples, the prediction indication component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a control message to the UE indicating that the beam measurement prediction meets a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein a conditionally triggered mobility request is received based on the control message.

[0221] In some examples, the control message indicates a future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

[0222] In some examples, control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain beam measurement predictions.

[0223] In some examples, the measurement reporting component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: transmitting a first set of reference signals to the UE, wherein control signaling indicates a first set of reference signals and a second set of reference signals associated with a target cell. In some examples, the measurement reporting component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: receiving a measurement report indicating a first set of measurements for the first set of reference signals and a second set of measurements for the second set of reference signals, wherein beam measurement prediction is based on the first set of measurements and the second set of measurements.

[0224] In some examples, the location indication component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components that receive indications of location information for the UE, wherein beam measurement prediction is based on the UE's location information.

[0225] In some examples, control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for conditionally triggered mobility requests and beam prediction triggering conditions for conditionally triggered mobility requests.

[0226] Figure 11A diagram of a system 1100 including device 1105 supporting conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1105 may be an example of device 805, device 905, or network entity 105 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and such communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 1105 may include components that support output and obtain communication, such as a communication manager 1120, a transceiver 1110, an antenna 1115, at least one memory 1125, code 1130, and at least one processor 1135. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operative ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1140).

[0227] Transceiver 1110 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, transceiver 1110 may include a wired transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 1110 may include a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 1105 may include one or more antennas 1115 that are capable of (e.g., concurrently) transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1110 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1115, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1115, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some embodiments, transceiver 1110 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1115 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1115 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1110 may include one or more processors or one or more memory components or be configured to couple to said one or more processors or one or more memory components, said one or more processors or one or more memory components being operable to perform or support operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1110, or transceiver 1110 and one or more antennas 1115, or transceiver 1110 and one or more antennas 1115 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., at least one processor 1135, at least one memory 1125, or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly mounted in device 1105. In some examples, transceiver 1110 may be operable to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0228] At least one memory 1125 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. At least one memory 1125 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1130 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1135, cause the device 1105 to perform the various functions described herein. The code 1130 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1130 may not be directly executable by one of the at least one processor 1135, but may enable the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 1125 may also include a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, at least one processor 1135 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1125 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein (e.g., as part of a processing system).

[0229] At least one processor 1135 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1135 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into one or more processors in at least one processor 1135. At least one processor 1135 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., one or more memories in at least one memory 1125) to cause device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction). For example, device 1105 or components of device 1105 may include at least one processor 1135 and at least one memory 1125 coupled to one or more processors in at least one processor 1135, wherein at least one processor 1135 and at least one memory 1125 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. At least one processor 1135 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 1130) host functions for performing the functions of device 1105. At least one processor 1135 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1105 (such as within one or more memories in at least one memory 1125). In some implementations, at least one processor 1135 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive input and process that input to produce a set of outputs that can be passed to other systems or components, such as device 1105. For example, the processing system of device 1105 can refer to a system that includes various other components or sub-components of device 1105 (such as at least one processor 1135, transceiver 1110, communication manager 1120, or other components or combinations of components of device 1105). The processing system of device 1105 can interface with other components of device 1105 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1105 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for acquiring information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to acquire information, or the same interface configured to both output and acquire information, and other specific implementations.In some embodiments, one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the transmitter, enabling device 1105 to transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the receiver, enabling device 1105 to receive information or signal input, and such information can be transmitted to the processing system. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that a first interface may also receive information or signal input, and a second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0230] In some examples, bus 1140 may support communication at the protocol layer of the protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1140 may support communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 1105, or communication performed between different components of device 1105 that are co-addressable or may be located in different locations (e.g., where device 1105 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1120, transceiver 1110, at least one memory 1125, code 1130 and at least one processor 1135 may be located in one component of different components or partitioned between different components).

[0231] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) various aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 1120 may manage the transfer of data communication with client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other network entities 105 to control communication with UE 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0232] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured or operable to support components for: sending control signaling to the UE indicating beam prediction triggering conditions for triggering a mobility request sent by the UE to conditionally trigger Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell. The communication manager 1120 may be configured or operable to support components for: receiving conditionally triggered mobility requests from the UE based on beam measurement predictions for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering conditions. The communication manager 1120 may be configured or operable to support components for: sending Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger UE mobility from the source cell to the target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0233] By including or configuring a communication manager 1120 according to an example as described herein, device 1105 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, and utilizing communication resources more efficiently.

[0234] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with transceiver 1110, one or more antennas 1115 (e.g., where applicable) or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1120 may be supported or performed by transceiver 1110, one or more processors in at least one processor 1135, one or more memories in at least one memory 1125, code 1130, or any combination thereof (e.g., by a processing system including at least a portion of at least one processor 1135, at least one memory 1125, code 1130, or any combination thereof). For example, code 1130 may include instructions that can be executed by one or more of at least one processor 1135 to cause device 1105 to perform various aspects of conditionally low-level triggered mobility using beam prediction as described herein, or at least one processor 1135 and at least one memory 1125 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0235] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1200 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1200 can be achieved by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 7The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0236] At 1205, the method may include: receiving control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a transmission by the UE of a mobility request for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell. The operation of block 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1205 may be provided by reference to... Figure 6 The described trigger condition configuration component 625 is executed.

[0237] At 1210, the method may include: sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with a beam prediction triggering condition. The operation of block 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1210 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The conditional mobility request component 630 is described and executed.

[0238] At 1215, the method may include: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from a source cell to a target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request. The operation of block 1215 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1215 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The mobility signaling component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0239] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1300 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1300 can be achieved by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 7 The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0240] At 1305, the method may include: receiving control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a transmission by the UE of a mobility request for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell. Operation of block 1305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1305 may be provided by reference to... Figure 6 The described trigger condition configuration component 625 is executed.

[0241] At 1310, the method may include: performing a prediction procedure to obtain a beam measurement prediction, wherein control signaling configures the UE to perform the prediction procedure. The operation of block 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1310 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The prediction component 640 described is used to perform this.

[0242] At 1315, the method may include: sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with a beam prediction triggering condition. The operation of block 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1315 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The conditional mobility request component 630 is described and executed.

[0243] At 1320, the method may include: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from a source cell to a target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request. The operation of block 1320 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1320 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The mobility signaling component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0244] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1400 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1400 can be achieved by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 7 The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0245] At 1405, the method may include: receiving control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a mobility request transmitted by the UE for conditional triggering of Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell. Operation of block 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1405 may be provided by reference to... Figure 6 The described trigger condition configuration component 625 is executed.

[0246] At 1410, the method may include: receiving a control message indicating beam measurement prediction from a source cell. The operation of block 1410 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1410 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The prediction receiving component 645 described herein performs this action.

[0247] At 1415, the method may include: predicting that beam measurement for a future time window satisfies a threshold associated with a beam prediction triggering condition and sending a conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based on a control message. The operation of block 1415 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1415 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The conditional mobility request component 630 is described and executed.

[0248] At 1420, the method may include: receiving Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers UE mobility from a source cell to a target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request. The operation of block 1420 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1420 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The mobility signaling component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0249] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for conditionally low-layer triggered mobility using beam prediction, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1500 can be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1500 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figures 8 to 11 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0250] At 1505, the method may include: sending control signaling to the UE, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering a mobility request transmitted by the UE for conditional triggering of Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility from the source cell to the target cell. The operation of block 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1505 may be provided by reference to... Figure 10 The described trigger condition configuration component 1025 is executed.

[0251] At 1510, the method may include: receiving a conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with a beam prediction triggering condition. The operation of block 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1510 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The conditional mobility request receiving component 1030 described herein performs the action.

[0252] At 1515, the method may include: sending Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger UE mobility from a source cell to a target cell in response to a conditionally triggered mobility request. The operation of block 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1515 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The mobility signaling component 1035 described herein shall be used to perform this action.

[0253] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: receiving control signaling from a source cell, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; transmitting the conditionally triggered mobility request to the source cell based at least in part on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and receiving the Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0254] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the beam measurement prediction is associated with the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0255] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on a first confidence metric of the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric of the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

[0256] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the fact that the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to the future time window meets a beam failure instance threshold.

[0257] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the beam measurement prediction is the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent based at least in part on the difference between each of the plurality of beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0258] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: performing a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction, wherein the control signaling configures the UE to perform the prediction process.

[0259] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: receiving from the source cell a control message indicative of the beam measurement prediction, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the control message.

[0260] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: receiving a control message from the source cell, the control message indicating that the beam measurement prediction satisfies the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the control message.

[0261] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 8, wherein the control message indicates the future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

[0262] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

[0263] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising: measuring a first set of reference signals from the source cell to obtain a first set of one or more measurements, wherein control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals; measuring a second set of reference signals from the target cell to obtain a second set of one or more measurements, wherein control signaling indicates the second set of reference signals; and transmitting a measurement report indicating the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements, wherein beam measurement prediction is at least in part based on the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements.

[0264] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising: transmitting an indication of location information of the UE, wherein the beam measurement prediction is based at least in part on the location information of the UE.

[0265] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request and beam prediction triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0266] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the control signaling indicates that beam prediction is supported by the source cell and the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent based at least in part on the beam prediction being supported by the source cell and the target cell.

[0267] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the control signaling indicates the backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the backhaul delay satisfying a delay threshold.

[0268] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communication at a source cell, the method comprising: sending control signaling to a UE, the control signaling indicating a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering transmission by the UE of a mobility request for conditionally triggering Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to a target cell; receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request from the UE based at least in part on a beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition; and in response to the conditionally triggered mobility request, sending Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling to trigger mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell.

[0269] Aspect 17: According to the method of aspect 16, wherein the beam measurement prediction is associated with the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0270] Aspect 18: According to the method of aspect 17, the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on a first confidence metric of the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric of the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

[0271] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 18, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on the fact that the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to the future time window meets a beam failure instance threshold.

[0272] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 19, wherein the beam measurement prediction is the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request is based at least in part on the difference between each of the plurality of beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

[0273] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 20, wherein the control signaling configures the UE to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

[0274] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 21, the method further comprising: sending a control message to the UE indicating the beam measurement prediction, wherein receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request is at least in part based on the control message.

[0275] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 22, the method further comprising: sending a control message to the UE, the control message indicating that the beam measurement prediction satisfies the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request is at least in part based on the control message.

[0276] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 23, wherein the control message indicates the future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

[0277] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 24, wherein the control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

[0278] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 25, the method further comprising: transmitting to the UE a first set of reference signals, wherein the control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals and a second set of reference signals associated with the target cell; and receiving a measurement report indicating a first set of one or more measurements of the first set of reference signals and a second set of one or more measurements of the second set of reference signals, wherein the beam measurement prediction is at least in part based on the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements.

[0279] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 26, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of location information of the UE, wherein the beam measurement prediction is based at least in part on the location information of the UE.

[0280] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 27, wherein the control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request and beam prediction triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request.

[0281] Aspect 29: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0282] Aspect 30: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0283] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0284] Aspect 32: A source cell for wireless communication, the source cell comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the source cell to perform a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0285] Aspect 33: A source cell for wireless communication, the source cell comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0286] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0287] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods can be combined.

[0288] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks outside of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0289] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0290] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors capable of performing the described functions or operations individually or jointly.

[0291] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, these functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium, or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including various portions distributed such that the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0292] Computer-readable media include both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, with the latter including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can magnetically reproduce data, and optical discs can optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by memory can be performed by multiple memories capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0293] As used herein (including in the claims), the word "or" used in an enumeration of items (e.g., an enumeration of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive enumeration, such that an enumeration of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Additionally, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0294] As used herein, including in claims, the article “a” preceding a noun is open-ended and is understood to refer to “at least one” or “one or more” of those nouns. Therefore, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” are interchangeable. For example, where a claim enumerates “components” performing one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “component” having a characteristic or performing a function may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent references to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “the” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” can be understood to mean “one or more components,” and subsequent reference to “the component” in a claim can be understood as equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent references to a component introduced with the terms “the” or “the” as “one or more components” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, reference to "the one or more components" in the subsequent claims can be understood as equivalent to reference to "at least one of the one or more components".

[0295] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, acquiring, selecting, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0296] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second numeral for differentiation between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the specification, the description can be applied to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0297] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0298] The description provided herein is intended to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, coupled to one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the UE: The control signaling received from the source cell indicates a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE to trigger a conditional triggering of a mobility request for the UE to move from the source cell to the target cell to a Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility. The conditionally triggered mobility request is sent to the source cell based at least in part on the beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. as well as In response to the conditionally triggered mobility request, receive Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the beam measurement prediction is associated with the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

3. The UE of claim 2, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on a first confidence metric of the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric of the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the fact that the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to the future time window meets a beam failure instance threshold.

5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the beam measurement prediction is the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the difference between each of the plurality of beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly capable of further operating to execute the code to cause the UE to: A prediction process is performed to obtain the beam measurement prediction, wherein the control signaling configures the UE to perform the prediction process.

7. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly capable of further operating to execute the code to cause the UE to: Receive a control message from the source cell instructing the beam measurement prediction, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the control message.

8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly capable of further operating to execute the code to cause the UE to: A control message is received from the source cell, the control message indicating that the beam measurement prediction meets the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the control message.

9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the control message indicates the future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

11. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly capable of further operating to execute the code to cause the UE to: A first set of reference signals from the source cell is measured to obtain a first set of one or more measurements, wherein the control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals; A second set of reference signals from the target cell is measured to obtain one or more second sets of measurements, wherein the control signaling indicates the second set of reference signals; as well as Send a measurement report indicating a first set of one or more measurements and a second set of one or more measurements, wherein the beam measurement prediction is at least in part based on the first set of one or more measurements and the second set of one or more measurements.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly capable of further operating to execute the code to cause the UE to: Sending an indication of the location information of the UE, wherein the beam measurement prediction is based at least in part on the location information of the UE.

13. The UE of claim 1, wherein the control signaling indicates a beam measurement triggering condition for the conditionally triggered mobility request and a beam prediction triggering condition for the conditionally triggered mobility request.

14. The UE of claim 1, wherein the control signaling indicates that beam prediction is supported by the source cell and the target cell, and the transmission of the conditionally triggered mobility request is based at least in part on the beam prediction being supported by the source cell and the target cell.

15. The UE of claim 1, wherein the control signaling indicates the backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell, and the conditionally triggered mobility request is sent at least in part based on the backhaul delay satisfying a delay threshold.

16. A source cell, the source cell comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the source cell: Send control signaling to user equipment (UE), the control signaling indicating beam prediction triggering conditions for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE to trigger a conditional triggering of a layer 1 or layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell; The conditionally triggered mobility request is received from the UE at least in part based on the beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. as well as In response to the conditionally triggered mobility request, a Layer 1 signaling or Layer 2 signaling is sent to trigger the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell.

17. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the beam measurement prediction is associated with the target cell, and receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request is based at least in part on the difference between the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell and the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

18. The source cell of claim 17, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on a first confidence metric of the beam measurement prediction associated with the target cell or a second confidence metric of the second beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, or both satisfying a confidence metric threshold.

19. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on the fact that the number of predicted beam failure instances for the source cell prior to the future time window meets a beam failure instance threshold.

20. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the beam measurement prediction is the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell, and receiving the conditionally triggered mobility request is based at least in part on the difference between each of the plurality of beam measurement predictions associated with the target cell and the best beam measurement prediction associated with the source cell satisfying the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition.

21. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the control signaling configures the UE to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

22. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the source cell to: A control message instructing the beam measurement prediction is sent to the UE, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on the control message.

23. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the source cell to: A control message is sent to the UE, the control message indicating that the beam measurement prediction meets the threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition, wherein the conditionally triggered mobility request is received at least in part based on the control message.

24. The source cell of claim 23, wherein the control message indicates the future time window associated with the beam measurement prediction.

25. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the control signaling instructs the source cell to perform a prediction process to obtain the beam measurement prediction.

26. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the source cell to: Sending a first set of reference signals to the UE, wherein the control signaling indicates the first set of reference signals and a second set of reference signals associated with the target cell; and Receive measurement reports indicating a first set of measurements for a first set of reference signals and a second set of measurements for a second set of reference signals, wherein the beam measurement prediction is at least in part based on the first set of measurements and the second set of measurements.

27. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the source cell to: Receive an indication of the location information of the UE, wherein the beam measurement prediction is based at least in part on the location information of the UE.

28. The source cell of claim 16, wherein the control signaling indicates beam measurement triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request and beam prediction triggering conditions for the conditionally triggered mobility request.

29. A method for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: The control signaling received from the source cell indicates a beam prediction triggering condition for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE to trigger a conditional triggering of a mobility request for the UE to move from the source cell to the target cell to a Layer 1 or Layer 2 mobility. The conditionally triggered mobility request is sent to the source cell based at least in part on the beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. as well as In response to the conditionally triggered mobility request, receive Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling that triggers the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell.

30. A method for conducting wireless communication at a source cell, the method comprising: Send control signaling to user equipment (UE), the control signaling indicating beam prediction triggering conditions for triggering the transmission of a mobility request by the UE to trigger a conditional triggering of a layer 1 or layer 2 mobility of the UE from the source cell to the target cell; The conditionally triggered mobility request is received from the UE at least in part based on the beam measurement prediction for a future time window satisfying a threshold associated with the beam prediction triggering condition. as well as In response to the conditionally triggered mobility request, a Layer 1 signaling or Layer 2 signaling is sent to trigger the UE's mobility from the source cell to the target cell.

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