Multi-user resource allocation method and device, satellite base station and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-user resource allocation method and device, a satellite base station and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: according to the minimum rate demand of a plurality of users, executing an optimization process with the purpose of minimizing the satellite total transmitting power meeting the minimum rate demand to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information of each user; if the available residual power exists in the satellite base station, executing an optimization process taking maximization of the satellite energy efficiency as a target according to the resource allocation information, and updating the power allocation information; and generating a downlink control signaling according to the resource allocation information of each user and the updated power allocation information, and sending the downlink control signaling to each user. According to the invention, reasonable allocation of resources and power is realized, so that the resources and the power can be fully utilized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular to a multi-user resource allocation method and device, a satellite base station and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a high-speed mobile communication scenario represented by low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, Doppler frequency offset is a core challenge affecting communication quality. Orthogonal time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation technology, which performs signal processing in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain, can effectively counteract the Doppler effect and is considered one of the key technologies for the sixth generation mobile communication (6G).

[0003] In the downlink multi-user resource allocation scenario of satellite communication, the related art has the problem that resource allocation and power allocation are unreasonable, resulting in waste of resources and power. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a multi-user resource allocation method and device, a satellite base station and a storage medium to reasonably allocate resources and power, thereby fully utilizing resources and power.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a multi-user resource allocation method applied to a satellite base station, the method comprising:

[0006] According to the minimum rate requirements of a plurality of users, an optimization process is performed to minimize the total satellite transmit power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, and resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user are obtained;

[0007] If the satellite base station has available residual power, an optimization process is performed to maximize the satellite energy efficiency according to the resource allocation information, and the power allocation information is updated;

[0008] Downlink control signaling is generated according to the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information for each user, and is transmitted to each user.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the optimization process performed to minimize the total satellite transmit power required to meet the minimum rate requirements of a plurality of users to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information corresponding to each user respectively comprises:

[0010] determining channel-to-interference ratios of the users on the resource grids respectively;

[0011] determining resource allocation information of the users according to the channel-to-interference ratios of the users on the resource grids respectively;

[0012] determining power allocation information of the users in a case that minimum rate requirements of the users are satisfied by means of iterative decoupling according to the resource allocation information.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the determining of the channel-to-interference ratios of the users on the resource grids respectively includes:

[0014] the determining operation is performed for the users respectively, and the determining operation includes:

[0015] determining effective channel gains of the users on the resource grids respectively and interference intensities of the users on the resource grids respectively;

[0016] determining the channel-to-interference ratios of the users on the resource grids respectively by means of ratios of the effective channel gains to the interference intensities.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the resource allocation information includes resource allocation matrices; and an element in a resource allocation matrix of any user indicates whether a corresponding resource grid is allocated to the user;

[0018] the determining of the resource allocation information of the users according to the channel-to-interference ratios of the users on the resource grids respectively includes:

[0019] allocating the resource grids to users with highest channel-to-interference ratios respectively;

[0020] in a case that there are resource insufficient users in the users, performing the dynamic allocation operation cyclically until there are no resource insufficient users in the users; the resource insufficient user refers to a user with a number of obtained resource grids less than a preset lower limit;

[0021] generating resource allocation matrices of the users according to allocation results of the resource grids;

[0022] wherein, the allocation operation includes:

[0023] putting a resource grid with a lowest channel-to-interference ratio in a resource pool for a user with a largest number of obtained resource grids;

[0024] allocate the resource grid in the resource pool to the resource-deficient user with the highest channel-to-interference ratio.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the power allocation information of any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; and the determining, according to the resource allocation information, of the power allocation information of each user in an iterative decoupling manner while satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user includes:

[0026] initializing the transmit power of each user on each resource grid to zero;

[0027] performing multiple iterations, and in each iteration, determining the power allocation information of each user according to the resource allocation information while satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user;

[0028] stopping the iteration when the difference between the satellite minimum total transmit power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, where the satellite minimum total transmit power is the sum of the minimum transmit powers of the multiple users.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the determining, in each iteration, of the power allocation information of each user according to the resource allocation information while satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user includes:

[0030] in each iteration, performing a determination operation for each user, and the determination operation includes:

[0031] solving the power allocation formula of the user by using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain the power allocation information satisfying the minimum rate requirement of the user.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the updating of the power allocation information according to the resource allocation information by performing an optimization process with the target of maximizing the satellite energy efficiency includes:

[0033] performing multiple iterations according to the resource allocation information by using a greedy strategy with the target of maximizing the satellite energy efficiency until an iteration termination condition is satisfied, to obtain updated power allocation information; where each iteration includes the following operations:

[0034] determining, for each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid according to the reference power and the achievable rate of the user on the resource grid;

[0035] allocating an incremental power to a resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in a delay-Doppler domain, and updating transmit power allocated to a corresponding user on the resource grid; the incremental power being a minimum value of the reference power and the available residual power;

[0036] generating power allocation information of each of the users obtained in the current iteration, and the power allocation information of any user including transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain;

[0037] wherein the iteration termination condition includes any one of a power budget depletion condition and an energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition being that the available residual power is less than or equal to zero; and the energy efficiency gain saturation condition being that a marginal energy efficiency gain of each of the resource grids is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

[0038] In a possible implementation, the generating of the downlink control signaling according to the resource allocation information and the updated power allocation information of each of the users, and the sending to each of the users, include:

[0039] generating a resource grid allocation map of each of the users according to the resource allocation information of the user;

[0040] generating a power control list of each of the users according to the updated power allocation information of the user;

[0041] downlink control signaling of each of the users respectively, and the downlink control signaling carrying the resource grid allocation map and the power control list of the corresponding user.

[0042] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-user resource allocation apparatus integrated in a satellite base station, and the apparatus includes:

[0043] an obtaining module configured to perform an operation process with a target of minimizing total satellite transmit power for satisfying minimum rate requirements of a plurality of users according to the minimum rate requirements, to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information of each of the users;

[0044] an updating module configured to, if there is available residual power in the satellite base station, perform an operation process with a target of maximizing satellite energy efficiency according to the resource allocation information, to update the power allocation information;

[0045] a sending module configured to generate downlink control signaling according to the resource allocation information and the updated power allocation information of each of the users, and to send to each of the users.

[0046] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a satellite base station, including a processor and a memory connected with the processor in communication;

[0047] The memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0048] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor executes the first aspect and / or various possible implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0049] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium, the computer readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor to implement the first aspect and / or various possible implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0050] In a fifth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, including a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the first aspect and / or various possible implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0051] The multi-user resource allocation method, device, satellite base station and storage medium provided by the embodiments of the present application abandon the optimization idea of maximizing the rate as a single target, and propose a two-stage sequential optimization method including two different optimization targets. Specifically, in the first stage, the total transmission power of the satellite base station is minimized as the target, and the resources and power are preliminarily allocated under the premise of meeting the minimum rate requirement of the user; in the second stage, the economic allocation of the available residual power of the satellite base station is solved by maximizing the energy efficiency of the satellite base station as the target on this basis. It can be seen that the present application realizes the reasonable allocation of resources and power, so as to fully utilize the resources and power. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and serve to explain the principles of the present application together with the specification.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the network topology of the present application;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the multi-user resource allocation method provided by the present application; Figure 1 ;

[0055] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-user resource allocation device provided by the present application;

[0056] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the satellite base station provided by the present application.

[0057] The specific embodiments of the application have been shown by the above drawings, and will be described in more detail hereinafter. These drawings and the written description are not intended to restrict the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to explain the inventive concept to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the attached drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to apply to any embodiment of the application, unless specified otherwise. Accordingly, when the description of the exemplary embodiments contains language that can imply limitations on the scope of the application, such limitations are not intended to apply to any specific embodiment provided herein that can not specifically recite such limitations. For a better understanding, the exemplary embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0059] The present application relates to downlink multi-user resource allocation techniques in satellite communications, especially for high-speed mobile communication systems using Orthogonal Time-Frequency-Space (OTFS) modulation technology.

[0060] In the high-speed mobile communication scenario represented by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, Doppler frequency offset is a core challenge affecting communication quality. OTFS modulation technology, which performs signal processing in the Delay-Doppler (DD) domain, can effectively counteract the Doppler effect and is considered one of the key technologies for the 6th Generation Mobile Communication (6G).

[0061] The multi-user resource allocation method proposed in the present application aims to solve the power and resource allocation problem of multi-user in OTFS systems. The core goal is to maximize the energy efficiency of the satellite base station, rather than the traditional maximum data rate. This is crucial for energy-limited satellite base stations and future networks pursuing green communication, and can provide key technical support for the next generation of satellite mobile communications.

[0062] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the network topology of the present application is shown in FIG. 1, which includes a satellite, a ground gateway and K ground mobile stations. Figure 1

[0063] The satellite is a relay satellite, and the satellite is in communication connection with the ground gateway and each ground mobile station. Optionally, the satellite is a low earth orbit satellite. K is the total number of ground mobile stations, and K is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0064] The ground mobile station is also known as a ground mobile user terminal (hereinafter referred to as a ground terminal). ​

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the ground gateway also communicates with the server.

[0066] In this network topology, the satellite acts as a relay device, providing each ground terminal with a service to download data from the ground gateway. Therefore, the satellite does not generate the original data; the source of the original data is the ground gateway.

[0067] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The satellite shown refers to a satellite base station.

[0068] Downlink transmission between the ground gateway and the ground terminal refers to the relay of downlink data from the ground gateway to the ground terminal via satellite. Downlink transmission uses OTFS modulation, and signal processing is performed in the DD domain. The DD domain is divided into a space containing... A two-dimensional plane of resource grids, wherein, It is the time delay dimension. This is the Doppler dimension. This application uses a single resource grid as the smallest unit for resource allocation. Resource grid It refers to any resource grid in the DD domain.

[0069] The multi-user resource allocation method provided in this application is implemented by a multi-user resource allocation device, which is integrated into a satellite base station, such as... Figure 2 The satellite base station shown.

[0070] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the multi-user resource allocation method provided in this application is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the method includes:

[0072] S201. Based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, execute an optimization process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, and obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user.

[0073] The total number of users is K, and the th Minimum speed requirement for each user The minimum rate threshold is set in advance. ∈[1,K], and It is a positive integer. The... A user refers to any one of multiple users.

[0074] Users in the resource grid achievable rate for:

[0075]

[0076] in, This refers to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) on this resource grid. Each user must meet a minimum rate requirement: .

[0077] The total satellite transmission power is the sum of the transmission power of multiple users.

[0078] Optionally, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix. Furthermore, the resource allocation matrix is ​​a three-dimensional binary matrix. The elements in the resource allocation matrix for each user are: ,in Indicates the first A resource grid is allocated to the user ,otherwise To ensure resource exclusivity, the following constraints must be met:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, the In the resource allocation matrix for each user, each element represents whether the corresponding resource grid is allocated to the user. One user.

[0081] Optionally, the power allocation information includes a power loading matrix. Furthermore, the power loading matrix is ​​a three-dimensional matrix. The elements in the power loading matrix for each user are: It indicates that in the first On the resource grid, for the first The transmit power allocated to each user.

[0082] In this embodiment, power allocation and resource allocation have the following logical binding relationship:

[0083]

[0084] Here, sgn is an abbreviation for sign function, whose core function is to extract the sign of a real number.

[0085] In this application, for the convenience of description, the optimization process aiming at minimizing the total transmit power of the satellite to meet the minimum rate requirement of users is referred to as phase one. Phase one is used to determine the initial resource allocation to meet the minimum rate requirement of users, and the goal of this phase is to minimize the total transmit power of the satellite as much as possible under the premise of meeting the minimum rate requirement of all users:

[0086]

[0087] S202, if there is available residual power in the satellite base station, performing an optimization process aiming at maximizing the energy efficiency of the satellite according to the resource allocation information, and updating the power allocation information.

[0088] This embodiment follows a total power constraint: the sum of the transmit power allocated to all users cannot exceed the total transmit power of the satellite base station :

[0089]

[0090] wherein the total energy efficiency of the satellite base station is defined as the ratio of the total rate of the satellite to the total consumed power:

[0091]

[0092] wherein, Pfixed is the fixed power consumption of the satellite base station.

[0093] In this embodiment, the constraint conditions include the total power constraint, the minimum rate constraint, and the non-negative and logical binding constraint of resources and power.

[0094] The overall optimization objective (MOP) of this embodiment is: .

[0095] In this application, for the convenience of description, the optimization process aiming at maximizing the energy efficiency of the satellite is referred to as phase two. Phase two is used to determine the residual power allocation to maximize the energy efficiency.

[0096] After phase one is completed, the available residual power of the satellite base station is . The goal of phase two is to maximize the energy efficiency of the satellite in the process of using up .

[0097] S203, generating the downlink control signaling according to the resource allocation information of each user and the updated power allocation information, and sending it to each user.

[0098] In this step, the first For each user, a downlink control signaling is generated based on the user's resource allocation information and the updated power allocation information, and then sent to the user.

[0099] This application abandons the optimization approach with "rate maximization" as the single objective and proposes a two-stage sequential optimization method incorporating two different optimization objectives. Specifically, the first stage aims to minimize the total transmission power of the satellite base station, allocating resources and power initially while meeting the minimum data rate requirements of users. The second stage, building on this, aims to maximize the energy efficiency of the satellite base station, addressing the economic allocation problem of the available surplus power. Therefore, this application achieves a rational allocation of resources and power, thereby enabling full utilization of resources and power.

[0100] The two stages will be explained in detail below.

[0101] First, we will explain stage one. In one optional embodiment, the specific implementation process of step S201 includes the following steps S2011-S2023.

[0102] S2021. For each resource grid in the DD domain, determine the channel interference ratio of each user in that resource grid.

[0103] This step refers to the resource grid. Each user is identified in the resource grid. Channel interference ratio.

[0104] In one alternative implementation, for the resource grid Determine each user's location on the resource grid. The specific implementation process of the channel interference ratio includes: performing a determination operation for each user, and the determination operation includes: determining the user's location within the resource grid. The effective channel gain and the user's occupied resource grid The intensity of interference to other resource grids is measured; the ratio of effective channel gain to interference intensity is determined as the user's interference intensity within the resource grid. Channel interference ratio.

[0105] For example, channel interference ratio for:

[0106]

[0107] in, The molecule represents the first One user in this resource grid The effective channel gain on the denominator represents the th One user is using this resource grid. the interference intensity generated to other resource grids. The higher the value is, the higher the "performance-price ratio" of the resource grid assigned to the th user is.

[0108] wherein, represents the sampling time within the channel coherence time. represents the total number of samples within the channel coherence time. represents the th sampling time, and the th user's instantaneous channel gain on the resource grid .

[0109] Optionally, when calculating the channel interference ratio, the user's service type, historical communication quality, service level agreement (SLA), etc. can be introduced as weighting factors to realize multi-dimensional comprehensive decision-making.

[0110] S2022, according to the channel interference ratio of each user on each resource grid, determine the resource allocation information of each user.

[0111] This step is a dynamic allocation process. In an optional implementation, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the element in the resource allocation matrix of any user represents whether the corresponding resource grid is allocated to the user; accordingly, the specific implementation process of determining the resource allocation information of each user according to the channel interference ratio of each user on each resource grid includes steps (1)-(4).

[0112] (1) For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, allocate the resource grid to the user with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0113] Specifically, for the resource grid , each user has its corresponding channel interference ratio, and the resource grid is allocated to the user with the highest channel interference ratio among the K users.

[0114] (2) Determine whether there is a resource insufficient user.

[0115] The resource insufficient user refers to a user whose obtained number of resource grids is less than a preset lower limit. The preset lower limit can be dynamically adjusted according to the user priority, service type (such as real-time voice or non-real-time data), or network load. The preset lower limit can be or other suitable values.

[0116] If there is no resource insufficient user, directly execute step (4); if there is a resource insufficient user, execute steps (3)-(4).

[0117] (3) If there are users with insufficient resources among multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed repeatedly until there are no users with insufficient resources among multiple users.

[0118] The allocation operation includes the following steps (3-1)-(3-2).

[0119] (3-1) For the user with the most resource grids, put the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the resource grids obtained by the user into the resource pool.

[0120] At this point, the resource pool contains one resource grid.

[0121] (3-2) Allocate the resource grids in the resource pool to the resource-insufficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0122] For each resource grid in the resource pool, select the user with the highest channel interference ratio from the currently existing users with insufficient resources, and allocate the resource grid to that user.

[0123] After step (3-2), step (2) is executed again to determine if there are any users with insufficient resources. This process is repeated until all users meet the minimum grid requirement.

[0124] This embodiment determines whether a user's number of grid points is below a preset lower limit. If so, it retrieves users with excessive resources. The resource grid with the lowest value is placed into the resource pool, and then resources are allocated to users with insufficient resources from the resource pool according to their available values. The highest value is assigned, and so on, until all users meet the minimum grid number requirement.

[0125] (4) Generate the resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid.

[0126] This application uses a single resource grid as the smallest allocation unit and introduces channel interference ratio (CIR) for precise matching between users and resources. This fully utilizes the sparsity of the DD domain channel, ensuring that high-quality resources are used most efficiently, avoiding the resource waste caused by traditional bundled allocation, and thus improving the overall utilization rate of spectrum and power resources.

[0127] S2023. Based on the resource allocation information, determine the power allocation information of each user under the condition of meeting the minimum rate requirements of each user through iterative decoupling.

[0128] After the resource grid allocation is determined, an iterative decoupling algorithm is used to calculate the minimum satellite transmit power in order to meet the minimum rate requirements of each user.

[0129] In one optional implementation, the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to each user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain. Accordingly, based on the resource allocation information, the specific implementation process for determining the power allocation information for each user while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user, through iterative decoupling, includes:

[0130] Initialize the transmit power of each user on each resource grid to zero;

[0131] Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, the goal is to meet the minimum rate requirements of each user, and the power allocation information of each user is determined based on the resource allocation information.

[0132] If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration is stopped.

[0133] The minimum total satellite transmission power is the sum of the minimum transmission powers of multiple users. A preset power threshold can be set as needed, for example, a smaller threshold can be set.

[0134] Let 's' represent the iteration round, where 's' is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The 's-th' iteration refers to any given iteration round; for example, s=1 represents the first iteration round, and s=2 represents the second iteration round. It should be noted that during the initialization phase before multiple iterations, the 's-th' iteration... Individual users in the resource grid The transmit power at the location Set to 0. In each iteration after the initialization phase, respectively for the user... The process is repeated iteratively. Taking the s-th iteration as an example, in processing the s-th iteration... When there is only one user, all other users are fixed. The power, and regard it as the power of the first Fixed interference for individual users At this time, it is the first The problem of allocating power to individual users is thus decoupled from a multi-user coupled problem into a single-user problem.

[0135] Optionally, the single-user power optimization process, that is, in any iteration, with the goal of meeting the minimum rate requirements of each user, and the specific implementation process of determining the power allocation information of each user based on the resource allocation information, includes: in any iteration, for each user, performing a determination operation, and the determination operation includes: solving the user's power allocation formula by using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain the power allocation information that meets the user's minimum rate requirements.

[0136] For example, using the water-filling concept, the power distribution formula is solved through the Lagrange multiplier method, so that the first... Individual users satisfy Under the premise of minimizing its own power consumption, the power allocation formula is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] in, For the s-th iteration, the th iteration... Individual users in the resource grid The transmission power at that location. It is the equivalent channel gain, and it is the first... Individual users in the resource grid The comprehensive measurement of channel transmission characteristics depends on the specific communication scenario and channel model. The general calculation logic is as follows:

[0139]

[0140] in, It is the first Individual users in the resource grid The square of the channel amplitude gain at a given point is determined by channel characteristics such as path loss, shadowing fading, and multipath fading, and can be calculated through channel estimation or theoretical models (such as Rayleigh fading and Rice fading models). It is the system's transmission bandwidth.

[0141] in, The water level was obtained through a bisection method iterative process. It is the power spectral density of background noise, representing the noise power per unit bandwidth, and is a fundamental parameter in communication systems. In a single iteration calculation, it is a constant. It is determined by the communication environment (such as thermal noise) and hardware characteristics, and does not change with user power or the number of iterations.

[0142] It should be noted that the water-filling algorithm can be replaced by a fixed power allocation combined with rate verification. That is, a fixed power value is allocated to the user, and it is verified whether this power value can enable the user to reach the minimum rate requirement. If it cannot, the power value is increased.

[0143] Convergence criterion: Repeat the above iterative process until the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power calculated in two consecutive iterations is less than a very small threshold. (For example If W), then the algorithm is considered converged. The minimum total satellite transmit power calculated in this stage is denoted as W. .

[0144] For example, the minimum total transmission power of the satellite is: .

[0145] in, Is assigned to the first A grid set of users; It is the s-th iteration after the s-th iteration. A user in the grid The transmit power at point s. The s-th iteration refers to any iteration.

[0146] To achieve the power minimization objective in the first stage, this application designs a low-complexity joint allocation mechanism. This mechanism first uses the "channel-to-interference ratio" (CTR) metric for fine-grained resource grid allocation; subsequently, it employs an "iterative decoupling" technique to simplify the complex multi-user power allocation problem into a series of quickly solvable single-user problems. The organic combination of these two techniques is key to achieving the first-stage objective.

[0147] This application employs a computationally lighter iterative decoupling and greedy strategy, replacing traditional high-complexity convex optimization or dynamic programming algorithms. This reduces computational complexity, facilitating rapid response to dynamic channel changes in low-Earth orbit satellite communications and ensuring communication stability and smoothness.

[0148] The following is an explanation of Phase Two.

[0149] After Phase One is completed, the available remaining power of the satellite base station is The goal at this stage is to exhaust... In the process, maximize the increase in energy efficiency.

[0150] In one optional embodiment, the specific implementation process of step S202 includes: according to the resource allocation information, using a greedy strategy to perform multiple iterations with the goal of maximizing satellite energy efficiency until the iteration termination condition is met, and obtaining the updated power allocation information.

[0151] Each iteration includes the following steps (1)-(3).

[0152] (1) For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the reachable rate of the user on the resource grid.

[0153] For example, for each allocated resource grid Calculate marginal energy efficiency gain The formula is:

[0154]

[0155] in, For reference power, For the first Individual users in the resource grid The achievable rate on the resource grid. The marginal energy efficiency gain means that if a resource grid is given... Add a small amount of extra power The ratio of the resulting rate increase to this small amount of power. It measures the efficiency gains within the resource grid. The efficiency of the "investment" power. Therefore Represents increased power The achievable rate after that.

[0156] Optionally, It can be dynamically adjusted; for example, a large step size can be used for rapid allocation initially, and a small step size can be used for fine-tuning later.

[0157] (2) Assign incremental power to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain and update the transmit power assigned to the corresponding user on the resource grid.

[0158] Among them, incremental power Reference power With available surplus power The minimum value in, that is .

[0159] After allocating incremental power, since the resource grid has already been assigned to the corresponding user, it is necessary to update the transmit power allocated to that user on that resource grid.

[0160] (3) Generate the power allocation information of each user obtained in the current iteration, and the power allocation information of any user includes the transmit power allocated to that user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain.

[0161] The iteration termination condition includes either the power budget depletion condition or the energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

[0162] After step (2), it is also necessary to recalculate the available remaining power of the satellite base station and the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid in order to determine whether the iteration termination condition is met.

[0163] For example, the preset gain threshold is a preset non-negative threshold (such as 0).

[0164] The energy efficiency gain saturation condition ensures that the power allocation process will actively terminate when further power input no longer produces effective energy efficiency returns, thereby maintaining the total power consumption of the satellite at an economical operating point and avoiding unnecessary power consumption.

[0165] This application uses "marginal energy efficiency gain" as the decision-making basis for power allocation and introduces "energy efficiency gain saturation" as one of the core termination conditions of the algorithm. Unlike related technologies where rate-oriented algorithms must use full power due to the monotonicity of their objective function, this application's decision mechanism can quantify the economics of each unit of power input. When the system determines that increasing power will no longer bring sufficient rate returns (i.e., energy efficiency gain saturation), it will actively terminate power allocation, allowing the total transmit power to adaptively converge to an energy-efficient optimal value that matches the current channel conditions and service requirements, rather than always tending towards the physical power limit. This mechanism can achieve significant, non-human-intervention-based power savings in scenarios with sufficient power budget or good channel conditions, which is particularly important for energy-constrained satellite platforms.

[0166] The generation process of downlink control signaling is explained below.

[0167] Optionally, the algorithm described above in this embodiment is implemented in the resource scheduling unit of the satellite base station. The resource scheduling unit can be implemented in software or hardware, and this application does not limit it. Its calculation results are ultimately reflected through physical control signaling and transmission power adjustment.

[0168] Specifically, the resource allocation matrix S and power loading matrix P output by the algorithm are used to generate downlink control signaling to notify each user of the resources allocated to them and the corresponding power level.

[0169] The specific implementation of step S203 includes the following steps S2031-S2033.

[0170] S2031. Generate resource grid allocation diagrams for each user based on their resource allocation information.

[0171] For example, the resource grid allocation map is represented in the form of a bitmap or an indexed list. The resource grid allocation map can identify each resource grid allocated to a user, one by one and discretely. This directly reflects the fine-grained allocation strategy of this application.

[0172] S2032. Generate a power control list for each user based on the updated power allocation information of each user.

[0173] The power control list is a list that strictly corresponds to the number of grids allocated in the resource grid allocation map, and each entry gives the specific power value of the corresponding grid.

[0174] Due to the application of the two-stage algorithm, the values ​​in this power control list exhibit a discontinuous and differentiated distribution, with the power value corresponding to high-quality channels being significantly higher than that of low-quality channels. This is fundamentally different from signaling that distributes power uniformly in the traditional way.

[0175] S2033. Send the corresponding downlink control signaling to each user, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

[0176] The total satellite transmission power is all The sum of all. The two-stage nature of this scheme results in a unique behavioral pattern in the total transmit power:

[0177] Low-power platform phase: When all users have only the minimum data rate requirement, the total transmit power stabilizes at the minimum power value calculated in phase one. This forms a lower power platform.

[0178] Slope Growth Phase: When a user requests higher service quality and enters Phase Two, the total transmit power will increase slope-wise based on the platform's remaining allocated power until it reaches the total power limit. Or energy efficiency gain saturation.

[0179] This application abandons the optimization approach with "rate maximization" as the single objective and proposes a two-stage sequential optimization method that incorporates two different optimization objectives. Specifically, the first stage aims to minimize power and make full use of resources; the second stage, based on this, aims to maximize energy efficiency and solve the problem of economically allocating surplus power. Therefore, this application achieves the effect of rationally allocating resources and power, thereby making full use of both.

[0180] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-user resource allocation device provided in this application is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the multi-user resource allocation device 30 provided in this embodiment includes:

[0181] The acquisition module 301 is used to perform an operation process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power to meet the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, in order to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user.

[0182] The update module 302 is used to update the power allocation information by performing an operation process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency, based on the resource allocation information if there is available remaining power at the satellite base station.

[0183] The sending module 303 is used to generate downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and send it to each user.

[0184] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0185] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, determine the channel interference ratio for each user in each resource grid;

[0186] Based on the channel interference ratio of multiple users on each resource grid, determine the resource allocation information of each user;

[0187] Based on the resource allocation information, the power allocation information for each user is determined through iterative decoupling while meeting the minimum rate requirements of each user.

[0188] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0189] For each user, a specific action is performed, including:

[0190] Determine the effective channel gain of the user on the resource grid and the interference intensity of the user on other resource grids when occupying a resource grid;

[0191] The ratio of effective channel gain to interference intensity is defined as the channel interference ratio of the user on the resource grid.

[0192] In one possible implementation, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the elements in the resource allocation matrix for any user indicate whether the corresponding resource grid has been allocated to the user.

[0193] Module 301 is used for:

[0194] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the resource grid is allocated to the user with the highest channel interference ratio;

[0195] If there are users with insufficient resources among multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed repeatedly until there are no users with insufficient resources among multiple users; users with insufficient resources are those who have been allocated fewer resource grids than a preset lower limit.

[0196] Generate a resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid;

[0197] The allocation operation includes:

[0198] For the user with the most resource grids, the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the user's resource grids is placed into the resource pool;

[0199] Allocate resource grids from the resource pool to resource-deficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0200] In one possible implementation, the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0201] Initialize the transmit power of each user on each resource grid to zero;

[0202] Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, the goal is to meet the minimum rate requirements of each user, and the power allocation information of each user is determined based on the resource allocation information.

[0203] If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmit power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration stops; the minimum total satellite transmit power is the sum of the minimum transmit power of multiple users.

[0204] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0205] In any iteration, for each user, a specific operation is performed, and the specific operation includes:

[0206] The power allocation formula for users is solved using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain power allocation information that meets the minimum rate requirements of users.

[0207] In one possible implementation, the update module 302 is used for:

[0208] Based on the resource allocation information, a greedy strategy is adopted to maximize satellite energy efficiency through multiple iterations until the iteration termination condition is met, resulting in updated power allocation information. Each iteration includes the following operations:

[0209] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the reachable rate of the user on the resource grid;

[0210] Incremental power is allocated to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain, and the transmit power allocated to the corresponding user on the resource grid is updated; the incremental power is the minimum of the reference power and the available remaining power.

[0211] Generate the power allocation information for each user obtained in the current iteration, and the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain;

[0212] The iteration termination condition includes either the power budget depletion condition or the energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

[0213] In one possible implementation, the sending module 303 is configured to:

[0214] Generate resource grid allocation diagrams for each user based on their resource allocation information.

[0215] Generate a power control list for each user based on their updated power allocation information.

[0216] The corresponding downlink control signaling is sent to each user, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

[0217] The multi-user resource allocation device 30 provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0218] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the satellite base station provided in this application. ​ As shown, the satellite base station 40 provided in this embodiment includes: a processor 401 and a memory 402 that is communicatively connected to the processor 401.

[0219] Optionally, the satellite base station 40 also includes a communication component 403. The processor 401, memory 402, and communication component 403 are connected via a bus.

[0220] In the specific implementation process, the processor 401 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 402, causing the processor 401 to perform the above-mentioned method.

[0221] The specific implementation process of processor 401 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0222] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0223] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0224] Buses can be Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) buses, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) buses, or Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) buses, etc. Buses can be categorized into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc.

[0225] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0226] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0227] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as read-only memory (ROM), static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0228] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0229] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0230] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0231] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0232] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a satellite base station to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0233] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-user resource allocation method, characterized in that, Applied to satellite base stations, the method includes: Based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, an optimization process is executed with the goal of minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, thereby obtaining resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user. If the satellite base station has available remaining power, then based on the resource allocation information, an optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency is executed, and the power allocation information is updated. Downlink control signaling is generated based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and then sent to each user.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimization process, based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, aims to minimize the total satellite transmission power required to meet those minimum rate requirements, resulting in resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user, including: For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, determine the channel interference ratio of each user on the respective resource grid; Based on the channel interference ratio of the multiple users on each of the resource grids, the resource allocation information of each user is determined; Based on the resource allocation information, the power allocation information for each user is determined through iterative decoupling while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the channel interference ratio for each user on the resource grid includes: For each of the aforementioned users, a determination operation is performed, and the determination operation includes: The effective channel gain of the user on the resource grid and the interference intensity of the user on other resource grids when occupying the resource grid are determined respectively. The ratio of the effective channel gain to the interference intensity is determined as the channel interference ratio of the user on the resource grid.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the elements in the resource allocation matrix for any user indicate whether the corresponding resource grid has been allocated to that user. The step of determining the resource allocation information for each user based on the channel interference ratio of the multiple users on each of the resource grids includes: For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the resource grid is allocated to the user with the highest channel interference ratio; If there are users with insufficient resources among the multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed cyclically until there are no users with insufficient resources among the multiple users; the users with insufficient resources are those whose number of resource grids obtained is less than a preset lower limit. Generate a resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid; The allocation operation includes: For the user with the most obtained resource grids, the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the resource grids obtained by the user is placed into the resource pool; The resource grids in the resource pool are allocated to resource-deficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; the step of determining the power allocation information for each user based on the resource allocation information, through iterative decoupling, while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user, includes: The transmit power of each user on each of the resource grids is initialized to zero; Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, with the goal of satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user, the power allocation information of each user is determined according to the resource allocation information. If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration stops; the minimum total satellite transmission power is the sum of the minimum transmission powers of the multiple users.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In any iteration, with the goal of satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user, the power allocation information for each user is determined based on the resource allocation information, including: In any iteration, for each of the users, a determining operation is performed, and the determining operation includes: The power allocation formula for the user is solved using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain power allocation information that meets the user's minimum rate requirement.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of executing an optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency based on the resource allocation information, and updating the power allocation information, includes: Based on the resource allocation information, a greedy strategy is employed to maximize satellite energy efficiency through multiple iterations until the iteration termination condition is met, resulting in updated power allocation information. Each iteration includes the following operations: For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the achievable rate of the user on the resource grid; Incremental power is allocated to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain, and the transmit power allocated to the corresponding user on the resource grid is updated; the incremental power is the minimum of the reference power and the available remaining power. Generate power allocation information for each user obtained in the current iteration, wherein the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; The iteration termination condition includes either a power budget depletion condition or an energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and sending it to each user, includes: Generate a resource grid allocation diagram for each user based on their resource allocation information. Based on the updated power allocation information of each user, a power control list is generated for each user. The downlink control signaling is sent to each of the aforementioned users, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

9. A multi-user resource allocation device, characterized in that, Integrated into a satellite base station, the device includes: The acquisition module is used to perform an operation process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, in order to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user. The update module is used to update the power allocation information by performing an operation process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency, based on the resource allocation information, if the satellite base station has available remaining power. The sending module is used to generate downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and send it to each user.

10. A satellite base station, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 1-8.

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