Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method for allowing a first device to perform wireless communication and a device for supporting the same are provided. The method comprises the steps of: transmitting a signal to a second device; receiving, from the second apparatus, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components for the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for the sensing signal based on a reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. BACKGROUND

[0002] 5G NR is a next technology after long term evolution (LTE) and is a new and completely new mobile communication system having characteristics such as high performance, low latency, high availability, etc. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources including low frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, high-frequency (millimeter-wave) bands above 24 GHz, etc.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligent with machine learning capability. The vision of the 6G system can include four aspects such as intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, hologram connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. That is, Table 1 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0004] [table 1] SUMMARY

[0005] TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0006] The disclosure provides a method and apparatus capable of efficiently providing a service in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the disclosure provides a method and apparatus for communication.

[0007] TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0008] Based on the embodiments, a method of performing wireless communication by a first device can be provided. The method can include transmitting a signal to a second device, receiving, from the second device, information related to reception power of a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the transmitted signal, determining transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power of the signal component related to NLOS, and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0009] Based on an embodiment, a first apparatus adapted to perform wireless communication can be provided. The first apparatus can include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the first apparatus to perform operations including transmitting a signal to a second apparatus, receiving, from the second apparatus, information related to a received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS)-related signal component among signal components for the transmitted signal, determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS-related signal component, and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0010] Based on an embodiment, a processing apparatus adapted to control a first apparatus can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus can include at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the first apparatus to perform operations including transmitting a signal to a second apparatus, receiving, from the second apparatus, information related to a received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS)-related signal component among signal components for the transmitted signal, determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS-related signal component, and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0011] Based on an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. The instructions, based on execution, can cause a first apparatus to perform operations including transmitting a signal to a second apparatus, receiving, from the second apparatus, information related to a received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS)-related signal component among signal components for the transmitted signal, determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS-related signal component, and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0012] Based on an embodiment, a method of performing wireless communication by a second apparatus can be provided. The method can include receiving, from a first apparatus, a signal, and transmitting, to the first apparatus, information related to a received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS)-related signal component among signal components for the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal can be determined based on the received power of the NLOS-related signal component. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0013] Based on an embodiment, a second device adapted to perform wireless communication can be provided. The second device can include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including receiving a signal from a first device, and transmitting, to the first device, information related to a reception power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal can be determined based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0014] Based on an embodiment, a processing device adapted to control a second device can be provided. For example, the processing device can include at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including receiving a signal from a first device, and transmitting, to the first device, information related to a reception power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal can be determined based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0015] Based on an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. The instructions, based on being executed, can cause a second device to perform operations including transmitting, to a first device, information related to at least one transmission beam, receiving a signal from the first device, and transmitting, to the first device, information related to a reception power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal can be determined based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0016] Advantageous Effects

[0017] The disclosure can provide a method and apparatus capable of efficiently providing a service in a wireless communication system. For example, through an embodiment proposed by the disclosure, communication can be efficiently performed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 2An electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 3 Examples of transparent payload based NTN typical scenarios are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 4 Examples of regenerative payload based NTN typical scenarios are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 5 Examples of sensing operations are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 6 Structure of slots of a frame is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 Examples of BWPs are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 8 Process of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on resource allocation mode is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 9 Examples of architecture of a 5G system capable of positioning a UE with access to a next generation wireless access network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 10 Examples of implementing a network for measuring a location of a UE are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 11 Examples of protocol layers used to support LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messaging between an LMF and a UE are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 12 Examples of protocol layers used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transfer between an LMF and a NG-RAN node are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 13 A diagram for explaining an OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 14 Bilateral RTT is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 15 Examples of wireless communication environments are shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 16 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 17 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0035] Figure 18 A method in which a first device performs wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 19 A method in which a second device performs wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 20 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 21 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 22 A signal processing circuit for transmitting a signal based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 23 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 24 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 25 A vehicle or autonomous vehicle based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In the present disclosure, “A or B” can mean “A only,” “B only,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in the present disclosure, “A or B” can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in the present disclosure, “A, B, or C” can mean “A only,” “B only,” “C only,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0044] A slash ( / ) or comma used in the present disclosure can mean “and / or.” For example, “A / B” can mean “A and / or B.” Thus, “A / B” can mean “A only,” “B only,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” can mean “A, B, or C.”

[0045] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” can mean “A only,” “B only,” or “both A and B.” In addition, in the present disclosure, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” can be interpreted as “at least one of A and B.”

[0046] In addition, in the disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" can mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0047] In addition, the parentheses used in the disclosure can mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", this can mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" of the disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" can be proposed as an example of "control information". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", this can also mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information".

[0048] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0049] The technical features described in one drawing in the disclosure can be implemented separately, or can be implemented simultaneously.

[0050] In the disclosure, a higher layer parameter can be a parameter configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined for a UE. For example, a base station or a network can transmit a higher layer parameter to a UE. For example, the higher layer parameter can be transmitted through radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0051] In the disclosure, "configured / being configured or defined / being defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for an apparatus through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or a network. In the disclosure, "configured / being configured or defined / being defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured for an apparatus.

[0052] The technology described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. The CDMA can be implemented by a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA can be implemented by a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM) / general packet radio service (GPRS) / enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA can be implemented by a radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), long term evolution (LTE), 5G NR, etc.

[0053] The technology proposed in the disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology, and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0054] Figure 1 A communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 1 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0055] In 6G, new network characteristics can be as follows.

[0056] - Satellite integrated network

[0057] - Interconnected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative, and wireless evolution can be updated from "interconnected things" to "interconnected intelligence". AI can be applied in every step of the communication process (or every signal processing process to be described below).

[0058] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer.

[0059] - Ubiquitous super-three-dimensional connectivity: Access to network and core network functions for drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super-3D connectivity in 6G ubiquity.

[0060] Among the new network characteristics of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0061] - Small cell network

[0062] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

[0063] - High-capacity backhaul

[0064] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning through communication (or location-based services) is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0065] - Software and virtualization.

[0066] The core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described below.

[0067] - Artificial intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use countless analyses to determine a method of performing a complex target task. That is, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delay. Time-consuming operations such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be immediately performed through AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine. In addition, AI can be instant communication in brain-computer interface (BCI). An AI-based communication system can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radio, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0068] - Terahertz (THz) communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as sub-millimeter radiation, which generally indicates a frequency band of 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band range (sub-THz band) is considered as a main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter wave band, the capacity of 6G cellular communication increases. The 300 GHz to 3 THz of the defined THz band is in the far infrared (IR) band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is a part of the optical band, but is located at the boundary of the optical band and immediately after the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band has similarity with RF. Figure 2 An electromagnetic spectrum based on embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 2 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The main features of THz communication include (i) a bandwidth that can be widely used to support very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss occurs at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). Narrow beam width generated in the highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive arrangement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0069] - Massive MIMO technology (Massive MIMO)

[0070] - Holographic beamforming (HBF)

[0071] - Optical wireless technology

[0072] - Free space optical (FSO) backhaul network

[0073] - Quantum communication

[0074] - Cellular-less communication

[0075] - Integration of wireless information and power transfer

[0076] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0077] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0078] - Big data analytics

[0079] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0080] - Metaverse

[0081] - Blockchain

[0082] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs or drones will be an important factor for 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. A base station (BS) entity is installed inside the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can have certain functionalities that are not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergency situations such as natural disasters, it is not economically feasible to deploy a terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure, and sometimes it is not possible to provide services in a volatile environment. UAVs are able to easily handle such situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology facilitates the three big basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also be used for multiple purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, safety and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0083] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher-level concept of urban air mobility (UAM), which is air transportation that can be used in urban areas, and can refer to transportation means that include movement between urban areas and regional hubs.

[0084] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a core element for establishing an autonomous driving infrastructure, which can be a technology for vehicles to communicate and share with various elements in the road, such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speed and low latency technology is required. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving can need to go beyond delivering warning or guidance messages to drivers and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control vehicles in dangerous situations. For this reason, since the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received can be enormous, it is expected that autonomous driving will be maximized in 6G, which has higher transmission speed and lower latency than 5G.

[0085] - Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources on a satellite (or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platform). Figure 3 An example of a transparent payload-based NTN typical scenario based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 4 An example of a regenerative payload-based NTN typical scenario based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 3 Or Figure 4 Embodiments of the above-described Figure 3 , a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected with a gateway through a feeder link. The satellite can be connected with a data network through the gateway. A beam coverage area can refer to an area in which a signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4 , a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) connected with the UE can be connected with another satellite (or another UAS platform) through an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or another UAS platform) can be connected with a gateway through a feeder link. Based on a regenerative payload, the satellite can be connected with a data network through the gateway and the other satellite. If there is no ISL between the satellite and the other satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway can be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a designated service area based on its field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0086] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment, using radio frequency (RF) to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of an object. RF sensing capabilities can provide device-free object localization services because the object does not need to be connected via a device in the network. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new functionalities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, drones), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. For example, wireless sensing services can provide input to various vertical sectors (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle handling and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and activity monitoring, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can also use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on the processing of the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may have the opportunity to enhance traditional systems from communication networks to wireless and sensing networks. Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) shows an example of sensing (e.g., single-site sensing) with a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same place, and Figure 5 (b) shows an example of sensing with separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual-station sensing).

[0087] The radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. Among them, the physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the third layer controls a radio resource between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

[0088] The physical layer provides an information transfer service through a physical channel to an upper layer. The physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer, which is an upper layer of the physical layer, through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified into data according to how and with what characteristics the data is transmitted through a radio interface.

[0089] Data is transferred through the physical channel between different physical layers, i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and uses time and frequency as a radio resource.

[0090] The MAC layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides a data transfer service through a logical channel.

[0091] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of a radio link control service data unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensure different quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes, i.e., a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM). The AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0092] The radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used for the control of configuring, reconfiguring, and releasing a logical channel, a transport channel, and a physical channel associated with a radio bearer (RB). The RB is a logical path provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or the PHY layer) and the second layer (i.e., the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0093] Functions of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) in the user plane include transfer of user data, header compression, and encryption. Functions of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) in the control plane include transfer of control-plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0094] A service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a quality of service (QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) marking in both a DL packet and a UL packet.

[0095] The configuration of the RB means a process for specifying a radio protocol layer and a channel property to provide a certain service and for determining a corresponding detailed parameter and operation method. The RB can then be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling radio bearer (SRB) and a data radio bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC message in the control plane, and the DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0096] When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of a UE and an RRC layer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state, and otherwise the UE can be in an RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the case of NR, an RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is additionally defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with a core network while releasing its connection with a BS.

[0097] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlink transport channel. Examples of the downlink transport channel include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or can be transmitted via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). In addition, uplink transport channels from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.

[0098] Examples of a logical channel belonging to a higher layer than the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel can include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), and the like.

[0099] A radio frame can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. The length of a radio frame is 10 ms, and can be defined as consisting of two half frames (HF). A half frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0100] In case of using a normal CP, each slot can include 14 symbols. In case of using an extended CP, each slot can include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol can include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and a single carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

[0101] Table 2 shown below represents the number of symbols (N slot symb ) per slot, the number of slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe ,μ slot .

[0102] [Table 2]

[0103] Figure 6 A structure of a slot of an NR frame according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 6 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0104] Referring to Figure 6 , a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via an activated BWP. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0105] A bandwidth part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given numerology. The PRBs can be selected from a contiguous set of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0106] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 7 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure. It is assumed that in Figure 7 In embodiments of the disclosure, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0107] Referring to Figure 7 A common resource block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other end thereof. In addition, a PRB can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point of a resource block grid.

[0108] A BWP can be configured by point A, an offset (N start BWP ) from point A, and a bandwidth (N size BWP ) within a given numerology. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of PRBs of a carrier, with subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network on a corresponding carrier) aligned in point A. For example, the offset can be a PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier within a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs within a given numerology.

[0109] A sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a length-127 M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a length-127 Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, the UE can use the S-PSS and the S-SSS for acquisition of detailed synchronization and for detection of a synchronization signal ID.

[0110] A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information that a UE must know first before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information can be information related to an SLSS, a duplex mode (DM), a time division duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, information related to a resource pool, a type of application related to an SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate the PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of the PSBCH can be 56 bits including a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of 24 bits.

[0111] The S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, a sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. In addition, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Thus, the UE does not have to perform hypothesis detection at a frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0112] In the disclosure, the PSCCH can be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel related to a sidelink, a physical control channel related to a sidelink, etc. In the disclosure, the PSSCH can be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel related to a sidelink, a physical shared channel related to a sidelink, etc.

[0113] Figure 8 A process of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on a resource allocation mode according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 8 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0114] Reference Figure 8 In the resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources for UL for SL transmission, of (a). For example, in step S800, the base station can transmit information related to the SL resources and / or information related to sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) to the first UE. For example, the sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) can include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) can be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0115] For example, the first UE can receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and / or information related to configured grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, the CG resources can include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In the disclosure, the DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station through downlink control information (DCI). In the disclosure, the CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station through DCI and / or RRC message. For example, in the case of CG type 1 resources, the base station can transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG type 2 resources, the base station can transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can transmit DCI related to activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0116] In step S810, the first UE can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or a first-stage SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., a second-stage SCI, a MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) can be received from the second UE through the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station through a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on a preconfigured rule. For example, the DCI can be a DCI for SL scheduling.

[0117] Referring to Figure 8In (b) of the above, under resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine a SL transmission resource within a SL resource configured by the base station / network or a pre-configured SL resource. For example, the configured SL resource or the pre-configured SL resource can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule a resource for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting a resource within a configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select a resource within a selection window by performing a sensing procedure and a resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing can be performed in units of sub-channels. For example, in step S810, the first UE that has selected a resource from a resource pool by itself can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., a Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or a first level SCI) to the second UE by using the resource. In step S820, the first UE can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., a second level SCI, a MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0118] Referring to Figure 8 (a) or (b) of the above, for example, the first UE can transmit an SCI to the second UE through a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE can transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-level SCIs) to the second UE through a PSCCH and / or a PSSCH. In this case, the second UE can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-level SCIs) to receive a PSSCH from the first UE. In the present disclosure, the SCI transmitted through the PSCCH can be referred to as a first SCI, a first level SCI, or a first level SCI format, and the SCI transmitted through the PSSCH can be referred to as a second SCI, a second level SCI, or a second level SCI format.

[0119] For example, the first level SCI format can include an SCI format 1-A and / or an SCI format 1-B, and the second level SCI format can include an SCI format 2-A, an SCI format 2-B, an SCI format 2-C, and / or an SCI format 2-D.

[0120] Hereinafter, an example of the SCI format 1-A will be described.

[0121] The SCI format 1-A is used to schedule a PSSCH and a second level SCI on the PSSCH.

[0122] The following information is transmitted by means of the SCI format 1-A: - Priority - 3 bits -Frequency Resource Allocation- When the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2, ceiling(log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, when the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3, ceiling log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1)(2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits.

[0123] -Time Resource Allocation- 5 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2; otherwise, 9 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3.

[0124] -Resource retention period- If the high-level parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is configured, then ceiling(log2N) rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period This is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList; otherwise, it is 0.

[0125] -DMRS pattern-ceiling (log2N) pattern ) bits, where N pattern The number of DMRS patterns is configured by the high-level parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0126] -Second-level SCI format-2 digits

[0127] -Beta_offset indicator -2 bits, as provided by the higher-level parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0128] -Number of DMRS ports-1 bit

[0129] -Modulation and coding scheme-5 bits

[0130] -Additional MCS Table Indicator- 1 bit if one MCS table is configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0131] - PSFCH overhead indication - 1 bit if the higher layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise, 0 bit

[0132] - Reserved - number of bits determined by the higher layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, the value of which is set to zero.

[0133] An example of SCI format 2-A will be described below.

[0134] SCI format 2-A is used for decoding of PSSCH with HARQ operation when HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK, when HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.

[0135] The following information is transmitted by SCI format 2-A: - HARQ process number - 4 bits - New data indicator - 1 bit - Redundancy version - 2 bits - Source ID - 8 bits - Destination ID - 16 bits - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit - Broadcast type indicator - 2 bits as defined in Table 3 - CSI request - 1 bit [Table 3]

[0136] An example of SCI format 2-B will be described below.

[0137] SCI format 2-B is used for decoding of PSSCH with HARQ operation when HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.

[0138] The following information is transmitted by SCI format 2-B: - HARQ process number - 4 bits - New data indicator - 1 bit - Redundancy version - 2 bits - Source ID - 8 bits - Destination ID - 16 bits - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit - Zone ID - 12 bits - Communication range requirement - 4 bits determined by the higher layer parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index Reference Figure 8In case of (a) or (b) of the above, in step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH. For example, the first UE and the second UE can determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE can transmit the HARQ feedback to the first UE using the PSFCH resource.

[0139] Referring to Figure 8 In case of (a) of the above, in step S840, the first UE can transmit the SL HARQ feedback to the base station through the PUCCH and / or the PUSCH.

[0140] Hereinafter, positioning will be described.

[0141] Figure 9 An example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE accessing a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 9 Embodiments of the above can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0142] Referring to Figure 9 The AMF can receive a request for a location service related to a specific target UE from a different entity such as a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or can determine to initiate the location service in the AMF itself rather than the specific target UE. Then, the AMF can transmit the location service request to a location management function (LMF). Upon receiving the location service request, the LMF can process the location service request and return a processing request including an estimated location of the UE or the like to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the location service request is received from a different entity such as the GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF can transfer the processing request received from the LMF to the different entity.

[0143] A new generation evolved NB (ng-eNB) and a gNB are network elements of the NG-RAN capable of providing measurement results for a location estimation, and can measure radio signals with respect to a target UE and can transfer a result value to the LMF. In addition, the ng-eNB can control several transmission points (TPs) such as a remote radio head or a PRS dedicated TP supporting a beacon system based on a positioning reference signal (PRS) for the E-UTRA.

[0144] The LMF can be connected to an enhanced serving mobile location center (E-SMLC) and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) by using downlink measurement results obtained by a target UE through signals transmitted from gNBs and / or PRS dedicated TPs in the E-UTRAN, which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0145] Meanwhile, the LMF can be connected to a SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for respective target UEs. The LMF can interact with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB for a target UE to obtain location measurement results of the UE. For positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine a positioning method based on a location service (LCS) client type, a requested quality of service (QoS), a UE positioning capability, a gNB positioning capability, and an ng-eNB positioning capability, etc., and can apply such a positioning method to the serving gNB and / or the serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine additional information such as a location estimate value of the target UE and an accuracy of the location estimate and a velocity. The SLP is a secure user plane location (SUPL) entity responsible for user plane positioning.

[0146] The UE can measure downlink signals through the NG-RAN, the E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as different global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and terrestrial beacon systems (TBS), wireless local access network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, a UE barometric sensor, etc. The UE can include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with a network accessible by the UE, or can access the LCS application through another application included in the UE. The LCS application can include measurement and calculation functions required to determine a location of the UE. For example, the UE can include an independent positioning function such as a global positioning system (GPS), and can report a location of the UE independent of NG-RAN transmission. Positioning information thus independently obtained can be used as assistance information for positioning information obtained from the network.

[0147] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring a location of a UE based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 10 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0148] When the UE is in a connection management (CM)-idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request a network trigger service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. In Figure 10 Such an operation procedure is omitted in Figure 10 In the embodiment, it is assumed that the UE is in a connected mode. However, due to signaling and data deactivation, etc., the signaling connection can be released by the NG-RAN while the positioning procedure is performed.

[0149] Reference will be made to Figure 10A detailed description of network operation procedures for measuring a location of a UE is described. In step a1, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC can request a serving AMF to provide a location service for measuring a location of a target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request the location service, the serving AMF can determine that the location service for measuring the location of the target UE is needed based on step 1b. For example, in order to measure a location of a UE for an emergency call, the serving AMF can determine to directly perform the location service.

[0150] Thereafter, the AMF can transmit a location service request to the LMF based on step 2, and the LMF can initiate a location procedure to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB. In addition, based on step 3b, the LMF can initiate a location procedure for downlink positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF can transmit assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or can obtain a location estimate or a location measurement. Meanwhile, step 3b can be additionally performed after step 3a is performed, or can be performed instead of step 3a.

[0151] In step 4, the LMF can provide a location service response to the AMF. In addition, the location service response can include information on whether a location estimate of the UE is successful and a location estimate value of the UE. Thereafter, if the procedure initiated by step a1 Figure 10 , the AMF can transfer the location service response to a 5GC entity such as a GMLC, and if the procedure initiated by step 1b Figure 10 , the AMF can use the location service response to provide a location service related to an emergency call or the like.

[0152] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE based on an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 11 An embodiment of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0153] An LPP PDU can be transmitted through a NAS PDU between an AMF and a UE. Referring to Figure 11 , LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in a control plane or a SUPL-enabled terminal (SET) in a user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in a control plane and an SLP in a user plane). LPP messages can be delivered in the form of a transparent PDU through an intermediate network interface by using a suitable protocol such as an NG application protocol (NGAP) through an NG-control plane (NG-C) interface and a NAS / RRC through an NR-Uu interface, etc. The LPP protocol can enable positioning for NR and LTE by using various positioning methods.

[0154] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of the LPP process.

[0155] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0156] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) for measurement, data supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and cell ID and cell location ID for the NR cell ID positioning method, etc., sent from the ng-eNB to the LMF. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, the AMF can route NRPPa PDUs based on the associated LMR's routing ID via the NG-C interface.

[0157] The NRPPa protocol procedures used for location and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is UE-related procedures used to transmit information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), while the second type is non-UE-related procedures used to transmit information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0158] Meanwhile, examples of positioning methods supported in NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and Land Beacon System (TBS), Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0159] (1) Observation of the time difference of arrival (OTDOA)

[0160] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to explain the OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0161] The OTDOA positioning method uses the timing measurement of downlink signals received by the UE from the eNB, ng-eNB, and multiple TPs, including a dedicated PRS TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Furthermore, the UE's location can be determined based on these measurements and the geometric coordinates of adjacent TPs.

[0162] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurements. If the UE cannot identify at least one TP's single-frequency network (SFN) in the OTDOA auxiliary data, the UE can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0163] In this paper, RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell whose start time is closest to that of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0164] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA can be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD of TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 can be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, since the accuracy and / or uncertainty of each TOA measurement may exist, the estimated location of the UE can be referred to as a specific range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0165] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0166] [Formula 1]

[0167] In this article, c can be the speed of light, {x t , y t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i , y i {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this paper, (T) can be... i-T1) is called the "Real Time Difference (RTD)" as the transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i n1 can represent the value related to the UETOA measurement error.

[0168] (2) Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)

[0169] In the Cell ID (CID) location method, the UE's location can be measured using the geographic information of its serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0170] In addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve the UE location estimate. While some of the same measurement methods used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used in the E-CID positioning method, additional measurements are generally not performed solely for UE location measurement. In other words, measurement configuration or measurement control messages may not be provided additionally to measure the UE's location. Furthermore, the UE may not expect to request additional measurement operations solely for location measurement and can report measurement values ​​obtained through measurement methods that the UE can perform in a general manner.

[0171] For example, the serving gNB can use E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE to implement the E-CID positioning method.

[0172] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning are as follows.

[0173] - UE Measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time Difference, GSM EDGE Random Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0174] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA).

[0175] In this paper, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0176] TADV type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0177] TADV type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0178] Simultaneously, AoA can be used to measure the UE's orientation. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counter-clockwise direction from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When the antenna array elements are arranged at equal intervals, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0179] (3) Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA)

[0180] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the UE's location can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0181] (4) Round trip time (RTT)

[0182] RTT (Remote Time Tolerance) is a localization technique that allows measuring the distance between two entities, even if the target entity and the server entity are out of sync. If RTT is performed using multiple server entities, the distance to each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute localization of the target entity can be performed through the intersection of these circles.

[0183] The RTT between two entities is performed as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS #1 at t1, and entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After entity #2 receives PRS #1, entity #2 can send PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0184] [Equation 2] (Where c is the speed of light) For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be obtained based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB BRx-Tx time difference in the table below.

[0185] (5) Bilateral RTT

[0186] Two-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities even if there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0187] The method for performing a two-sided RTT between two entities is as follows.

[0188] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0189] Bilateral RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. (See reference...) Figure 14 It can be measured by two measurements (i.e., T) round1 T round2 T reply1 T reply2 The propagation delay T can be estimated using Equation 3.

[0190] [Formula 3]

[0191] In addition, it can be obtained based on Equation 4. .

[0192] [Formula 4]

[0193] in

[0194] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0195] [Formula 5]

[0196] In this case, the error in the propagation delay estimation due to clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0197] [Formula 6]

[0198] Error =

[0199] Here, e UE1 and e UE2It can be the clock offset between UE1 and UE2, and It can be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0200] For example, the following can illustrate an example of a reference signal time difference (RSTD). For example, the following RSTD can be applied to SL positioning.

[0201] Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD)

[0202] - Definition: The relative timing difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i is defined as T. SubframeRxj – T SubframeRxi , where: T SubframeRxj It is the time when the UE starts receiving a subframe from E-UTRA cell j; T SubframeRxi This is the start time of the corresponding subframe from which the UE receives data in E-UTRA cell i that is closest in time to the subframe received in E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference should be the UE's antenna connector.

[0203] - Applies to: Inter-RATs with RRC_CONNECTED

[0204] For example, the following example illustrates the DL PRS reference signal received power (DL PRS-RSRP). For instance, the following DL PRS-RSRP can be applied to SL positioning.

[0205] DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (DL PRS-RSRP)

[0206] - Definition: DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (DL PRS-RSRP) is defined as the linear average of the power contribution (in watts) of the resource element carrying the DL PRS reference signal configured for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP should be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP should be measured based on the combined signal of the antenna element corresponding to a given receiver tributary. For both frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE uses receiver diversity, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value should not be lower than the DL PRS-RSRP corresponding to any single receiver tributary.

[0207] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0208] For example, the following can illustrate an example of DL relative signal time difference (DL RSTD). For example, the following DL relative signal time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0209] DL Relative Signal Time Difference (DL RSTD)

[0210] - Definition: The DL relative timing difference (DL RSTD) between positioning node j and reference positioning node i is defined as T SubframeRxj – T SubframeRxi , where: T SubframeRxj T is the time when the UE receives a subframe from the positioning node j; SubframeRxi This is the start time of the corresponding subframe received by the UE from location node i that is temporally closest to the subframe received from location node j. Multiple DL RRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe from a location node. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RRSTD should be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RRSTD should be the UE's antenna.

[0211] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0212] For example, the following can illustrate an example of the UE Rx–Tx time difference. For example, the following UE Rx–Tx time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0213] UE Rx–Tx time difference

[0214] - Definition: The time difference between UE Rx and Tx is defined as T. UE-RX –T UE-TX , where: T UE-RX The timing of the UE receiving downlink subframe #i from the positioning node is defined by the first detected path in time; T UE-TX This is the timing when the UE transmits the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe on the first arrival path of the positioning node. For frequency range 1, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement should be the UE's Rx antenna connector, and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement should be the UE's Tx antenna connector. For frequency range 2, T... UE-RX The reference point for the measurement should be the UE's Rx antenna, and T UE-TX The reference point for the measurement should be the UE's Tx antenna.

[0215] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0216] For example, the following can illustrate the relative arrival time of UL (T) UL-RTOA Examples of T. For example, the following T UL-RTOA It can be applied to SL positioning.

[0217] UL relative arrival time (T) UL-RTOA )

[0218] - Definition: UL relative arrival time (T) UL-RTOA T is the start of the SRS-containing subframe i received in positioning node j relative to the configurable reference time. Multiple SRS resources used for positioning can be used to determine the start of an SRS-containing subframe received by the positioning node. UL-RTOA The reference points should be: - For 1-C type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector; - For 1-O type or 2-O type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna; - For 1-H type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0219] For example, the following can illustrate an example of the gNB Rx – Tx time difference. For example, the following gNB Rx – Tx time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0220] gNB Rx – Tx Time Difference

[0221] - Definition: The time difference between gNB Rx and Tx is defined as T. gNB-RX – T gNB-TX , where: T gNB-RX The timing of the location node receiving the uplink subframe #i, which includes the SRS associated with the UE, is defined by the first detected path in time; T gNB-TX It is the timing at which the positioning node sends downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to subframe #i received from the UE. Multiple SRS resources used for positioning can be used to determine the start of a subframe including SRS. gNB-RX The reference points should be: - For 1-C type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector; - For 1-O or 2-O type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna; - For 1-H type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector. gNB-TX The reference points should be: - For 1-C type base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna connector; - For 1-O type or 2-O type base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna; - For 1-H type base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0222] For example, the following can illustrate an example of UL Angle of Arrival (UL AoA). For example, the following UL AoA can be applied to SL positioning.

[0223] UL Angle of Arrival (UL AoA)

[0224] - Definition: The UL angle of arrival (UL AoA) is defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angle of the UE relative to a reference direction, which is defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (GCS), the estimated azimuth is measured relative to the geographic North Pole, with the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction; the estimated vertical angle is measured relative to the zenith, with the horizontal direction as the positive direction; - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the estimated azimuth is measured relative to the x-axis of the LCS, with the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction; the estimated vertical angle is measured relative to the z-axis of the LCS, with the xy-plane direction as the positive direction. The azimuth, downtilt, and tilt angles of the LCS are defined according to TS 38.901

[14] . The UL AoA is determined on the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to the UE.

[0225] For example, the following example illustrates the UL SRS reference signal received power (UL SRS-RSRP). For instance, the UL SRS-RSRP described below can be applied to SL positioning.

[0226] UL SRS Reference Signal Received Power (UL SRS-RSRP)

[0227] Definition: The UL SRS Reference Signal Received Power (UL SRS-RSRP) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in watts) of the resource elements carrying the Detection Reference Signal (SRS). The UL SRS-RSRP should be measured for the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth at the configured measurement time point. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP should be the antenna connector of the gNB. For frequency range 2, the UL SRS-RSRP should be measured based on the combined signal of the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For both frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the gNB uses receiver diversity, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value should not be lower than the UL SRS-RSRP corresponding to any single receiver branch.

[0228] Figure 15 An example of a wireless communication environment based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0229] refer to Figure 15The first device (1510), the second device (1520) and the third device (1530) are shown as part of a device using a wireless channel in a wireless communication system. Figure 15 Only one first device (1510), one second device (1520) and one third device (1530) are shown in the illustration, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0230] According to this disclosure, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can transmit and receive wireless signals in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. For example, to improve channel gain, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can perform beamforming. Here, beamforming can include transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. For example, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can provide directionality for transmitting or receiving signals. For example, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can select a serving beam (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) through a beam search or beam management process. After the service beam (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) is selected, communication can be performed through the resources of the quasi-co-addressable (QCL) resource that transmits the service beam.

[0231] According to this disclosure, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) may include an antenna array. Each antenna included in the antenna array may be referred to as an array element or an antenna element. The antenna array may be configured in various forms, such as a linear array or a multilayer array. The antenna array may be referred to as a massive MIMO (Massively Multi-Layer Antenna Array). For example, the antenna array may include multiple subarrays, each subarray including multiple antenna elements.

[0232] For example, beam management operations at mmWave frequencies have recently been introduced into conventional NR Uu (operations between the base station and the UE). Beam management operations may include beam scheduling, beam selection, beam fault recovery, etc. In this disclosure, beam management operations (e.g., beam fault recovery) are proposed as follows. For example, the following schemes may relate to beam management operations in NR. However, the following schemes are not limited to NR. For example, the following schemes may relate to beam management operations in a side link. However, the following schemes are not limited to the side link. For example, the following schemes may relate to beam management operations in an NR side link.

[0233] The UE can perform FR2 (millimeter-wave band-based communication) operations based on the following operations. For example, FR2 can be sidelink FR2. For example, sidelink FR2 can refer to sidelink-based communication using the sidelink mmWave band. However, the following operations are not limited to sidelink FR2. This disclosure is not limited to sidelink FR2. For example, this disclosure can be applied to 5G FR2 or beyond 5G FR2 (e.g., 6G FR2).

[0234] - Beam scanning operation: The UE can perform the operation of finding the optimal beam (e.g., transmit beam, receive beam) by scanning the beams used for communication. For example, communication during beam scanning operation can be sidelink communication. For example, the UE can perform operations to cover a spatial area using the transmit beam and / or receive beam within a specific time interval based on a pre-configured scheme.

[0235] - Beam measurement operation: The UE can perform the operation of finding a reference signal (RS) whose measured value is greater than or equal to a threshold while measuring the reference signal (RS) sent by the peer UE.

[0236] - Beam selection operation: The UE can perform the operation of selecting the optimal beam (e.g., transmit beam, receive beam) based on the beam measurement results.

[0237] - Beam Reporting Operation: The UE can perform the operation of reporting the selected optimal beam to a peer UE or base station.

[0238] - Beam pairing operation: The UE can perform an operation to synchronize (pair) the beams (e.g., transmit beam / receive beam) between UEs so that they can communicate via the beams (e.g., transmit beam / receive beam) between UEs.

[0239] In the (side link) (FR2), for UE beam management (e.g., beam scanning, beam measurement, beam selection, beam pairing), the UE can send and receive reference signals (RS) to select / determine and adjust / manage the available beams between each other.

[0240] The following terms may be used in this disclosure.

[0241] -LMF: Location Management Function

[0242] - UE-triggered SL positioning: Positioning via SL (SL) during the UE-triggered process.

[0243] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning process triggered by base station / LMF

[0244] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning created by the UE using SL positioning groups.

[0245] - Base station controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the base station creates SL positioning groups.

[0246] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning calculated by the UE to determine the UE's location.

[0247] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning of the UE location calculated by the base station / LMF

[0248] -SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0249] -Target UE (T-UE): The UE whose location is calculated.

[0250] - Server UE (S-UE): The UE that assists the T-UE in SL positioning.

[0251] - Anchor UE: UE that assists in T-UE positioning.

[0252] -MG: Measurement gap only allows SL PRS transmission

[0253] -MW: Measurement window capable of transmitting SL data and SL PRS in a multiplexed manner.

[0254] -SL PRS: SL PRS

[0255] -CCH: Control Channel

[0256] - Inter-UE Coordination (IUC) Message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE. This message includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources unsuitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE (non-preferred resources).

[0257] JCAS: Joint Communications and Sensing

[0258] -RIS: Reconfigurable Smart Surface

[0259] For example, SL PRS transport resources may include an SL PRS resource set that includes the following information.

[0260] -SL PRS Resource Set ID

[0261] -SL PRS Resource ID List: A list of SL PRS resource IDs in the SL PRS resource set.

[0262] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, non-periodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0263] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0264] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0265] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: can be set to SL SSB or DLPRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS for positioning.

[0266] For example, an SL PRS resource set may include SL PRS resources that include the following information.

[0267] -SL PRS Resource ID

[0268] -SL PRS comb size: The spacing between REs used for SL PRS transmissions within a symbol.

[0269] -SL PRS comb offset: where the RE index of the first transmitted SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol is...

[0270] -SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that makes up the SL PRS.

[0271] -SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol of the SL PRS transmitted within a time slot.

[0272] -SL PRS symbol count: The number of symbols configured for SL PRS within a time slot.

[0273] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain of the transmitted SL PRS.

[0274] -SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used to transmit SL PRS.

[0275] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, non-periodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0276] -SL PRS Periodicity: The time-domain periodicity between SL PRS resources, measured in physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that sends the SL PRS.

[0277] -SL PRS Offset: The time-domain offset relative to the start of the first SL PRS resource with respect to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that transmitted the SL PRS. The reference timing can be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0278] -SL PRS Sequence ID

[0279] -SL PRS spatial relationships: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS for positioning, etc.

[0280] -SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. It can transmit SL PRS resource configuration information, resource location, and other signals.

[0281] Meanwhile, conventional radar technology operates in a monostatic mode. In a monostatic mode, the transmitting entity receives the radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity after it is reflected from the object to be sensed. Therefore, the received signal power is reduced in proportion to the m-th power of the distance between the transmitting entity and the object (e.g., m = 4 in free space).

[0282] In this disclosure, based on an Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system, a method and a device supporting the method are proposed, which improve object detection performance by allowing a receiving entity, different from the transmitting entity, to receive the signal reflected from the object to be sensed by a radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity.

[0283] For example, generally speaking, the power of signals transmitted and received by a radar has the characteristic of attenuating in a ratio that is a fourth power of the distance between the radar and the object being detected. For example, when the radar receives a signal reflected from an object in response to a signal transmitted by the radar, the power of the received signal has the characteristic of attenuating in a ratio that is a fourth power of the distance between the radar and the object being detected. This characteristic can be derived using Equation 7.

[0284] [Formula 7]

[0285] Here, P t The transmit power can be [W], P r For received power [W], G t For the transmit antenna gain, G r This can be used for the receiving antenna gain. It can be the radar cross section. It can be the effective aperture area of ​​the receiving antenna.

[0286] Meanwhile, considering interference with communication signaling, radar / sensing signals transmitted using the ISAC system for object detection need to have their transmission power limited. Therefore, unlike typical radar transmission signals, radar / sensing signals transmitted using the ISAC system for object detection cannot transmit high signal power, making them unsuitable for sensing distant objects. Furthermore, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, the received signal power is further attenuated, leading to a decrease in reception performance.

[0287] Figure 16 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0288] refer to Figure 16 To achieve bistatic radar functionality based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit sensing signals, and the base station can receive the signals reflected from the object. This method enables object sensing.

[0289] For example, the sensing signal may be a signal dedicated to sensing the purpose, and / or a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or a reference signal for communication (such as a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS)), and / or a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes.

[0290] For example, the entity transmitting the signal can be a transmitting and receiving point, and / or a UE, and / or a base station. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can be a transmitting radar. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be a transmitting and receiving point, and / or a UE, and / or a base station. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be a receiving radar. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be independent of the entity transmitting the signal. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can be transmitting and receiving point 1. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be transmitting and receiving point 2. Bistatic radar technology can address scenarios where the entity receiving the signal and the entity transmitting the signal are independent of each other. For example, bistatic radar technology can be related to sensing. For example, bistatic radar technology can be related to situations where sensing and the entity receiving the signal are separate from the entity transmitting the signal. For example, a signal transmitted from the entity transmitting the signal can be referred to as a transmitted signal. For example, the transmitted signal can be a signal transmitted for sensing. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can transmit the signal for sensing. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can transmit the signal to a geographic area to be sensed. For example, the geographic area to be sensed can be a sensing location. For example, a signal reflected from an object after the transmitted signal has been transmitted can be referred to as a reflected signal. For example, the entity receiving the signal can perform sensing based on the reflected signal.

[0291] To address the aforementioned issues, bistatic radar technology employs a method where the signal transmitted by the transmitting radar is reflected from the object and received by a separate receiving radar to sense the object. The signal power received by the receiving radar exhibits a characteristic of attenuation proportional to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (e.g., n=2 in free space). Therefore, if the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, it offers the advantage of improved detection performance for that object. This characteristic can be derived based on Equation 8.

[0292] [Formula 8]

[0293] Here, P TX It can be the transmitted signal power, P RX For the received signal power, R TX R can be the distance from the transmitter to the target. RX G can be the distance from the receiver to the target. TX For the transmit antenna gain, G RX This can be used for the receiving antenna gain. It can be the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0294] In conventional wireless communication systems, there is a lack of defined methods for controlling the transmit power of sensed signals in uplink (UL) bistatic sensing. This lack of control methods can lead to inefficient and inaccurate power allocation of sensed signals. Specifically, conventional systems do not provide a mechanism to determine the appropriate transmit power based on the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) component of the focused signal, making it difficult to exclude LOS signal components. Therefore, failure to distinguish and properly adjust NLOS components can result in suboptimal sensing performance and potential interference problems, thereby affecting the overall Quality of Service (QoS) of the wireless communication network.

[0295] Figure 17 Examples of object sensing methods based on embodiments of the present disclosure are provided. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0296] Reference Figure 17 To achieve bistatic radar functionality based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit sensing signals, and the base station can receive signals reflected from objects from the transmitted sensing signals. In this way, objects can be sensed.

[0297] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing purposes, and / or a positioning reference signal that can perform positioning, and / or a reference signal for communication, such as a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes.

[0298] For example, in an Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system, a UE can transmit sensing signals toward a geographic location to be sensed for bistatic radar. Sensing signals reflected by any object within that geographic location can be received by base station #1 or a neighboring UE, enabling sensing of objects within that geographic location to achieve bistatic radar functionality. Furthermore, the UE can transmit communication signals to base station #2 to perform communication via a Uu link. For example, base station #1 and base station #2 can be the same base station.

[0299] For example, in the above situation, the base station #1 or the neighboring UE that receives the reflected sensing signal can exclude the signal component directly received by the UE from the received signal, and only measure the received signal power of the signal component indirectly received due to the sensing signal sent by the UE being reflected by the object, and can send the measured value to the UE.

[0300] For example, the directly received signal component can be the received signal component of the line-of-sight (LOS) path, and the indirectly received signal component can be the received signal component of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path or multipath path.

[0301] For example, a directly received signal component can be the signal component of the path that is received first in time among the received signal components, and an indirectly received signal component can be the signal component of the other paths among the received signal components besides the path that is received first in time.

[0302] For example, base station #2, which receives communication signals from the UE via the Uu link, can send the signal power or reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement of the received communication signals to the UE.

[0303] For example, the UE can control the power of the sensing signal based on the received signal power of the indirect received signal component received from base station #1. For example, based on P0#1 (e.g., P0#1) and alpha#1 (e.g., P0#1) pre-configured for the UE or for the resource pool transmitting the sensing signal. #1), the transmission power used for sensing signals can be controlled to be inversely proportional to the received signal power value of the indirectly received signal component. For example, the power can be controlled as follows. For example, this characteristic can be derived from Equation 9.

[0304] [Formula 9]

[0305] Here, P sensing The power of the transmitted signal, P, can be used. CMAX For maximum transmission power, P O , sensing It can be the unit power of the sensed signal. It can be the subcarrier spacing of the sensing signal, MRB sensing This can be the number of resource blocks in the frequency domain of the sensed signal. PL can compensate for the path loss of the sensed signal. sensing This can be the path loss of the indirectly received sensing signal, where PL sensing It can be inversely proportional to the received signal power value of the indirectly received sensing signal.

[0306] For example, the UE can control the power of the communication signal based on the received signal power of the communication signal received from base station #2. For example, based on P0#2 and alpha#2 pre-configured for the UE or for the resource pool transmitting the communication signal. #2), the transmission power of the communication signal can be controlled to be inversely proportional to the received signal power. For example, this characteristic can be derived from Equation 0.

[0307] [Formula 10]

[0308] Here, P comm P can be the transmission power of the communication signal. CMAX For maximum transmission power, P O,comm It can be the unit power of a communication signal. It can be the subcarrier spacing of the communication signal, MRB comm This can be the number of resource blocks in the frequency domain for the communication signal. PL can compensate for path loss gain in communication signals. comm The path loss of the received communication signal can be PL. comm It can be inversely proportional to the received signal power value of the received communication signal.

[0309] For example, #1 (e.g., P0#1) and alpha#1 ( #1), and #2 (e.g., P0#2) and alpha#2 ( #2) Pre-configuration can be performed separately for the UE or for the resource pool.

[0310] For example, when the sensing signal and the communication signal are in TDM mode within the same time slot, an AGC interval can be inserted in the time domain between the sensing signal and the communication signal to avoid the degradation of the AGC performance of the corresponding receivers of the sensing signal and the communication signal.

[0311] For example, when the sensing signal and communication signal are implemented using FDM in the frequency domain, relative weights can be applied to the corresponding power control values ​​to achieve a balance between the bistatic radar performance achieved by the sensing signal and the communication performance achieved by the communication signal. For example, the final transmitted signal power Psignal can be controlled as follows. For example, this characteristic can be derived from Equation 11.

[0312] [Equation 11]

[0313] For example, weight value It can be determined based on the requirements for bistatic radar performance (e.g., object detection performance, object range and orientation estimation performance, object recognition performance) and the requirements for communication performance (e.g., data rate, transmission error rate, or transmission success probability).

[0314] For example, weight value It can be configured by the base station for the UE, or it can be pre-configured for the resource pool.

[0315] For example, when the sensing signal and the communication signal are implemented by an ISAC signal, and the UE transmits the ISAC signal based on beamforming, the UE can transmit the ISAC signal based on beamforming in the following manner.

[0316] For example, when the beam direction for satisfying the needs of sensing signals differs from the beam direction for satisfying the needs of communication signals, beamforming can be performed so that the main lobe of the beam is formed in both beam directions for transmission. In this case, the transmitted signal power toward each beam direction can be determined based on a weight reflecting the needs of sensing signals and communication signals, similar to the case of frequency division multiplexing (FDM).

[0317] - For example, when the beam direction that satisfies the requirements of the sensing signal is different from the beam direction that satisfies the requirements of the communication signal, the final beam direction of the transmitted signal can be determined based on the beam direction applied to satisfy the requirements of the sensing signal. ) and beam direction that meets the requirements of communication signals ( The direction after adjusting the weights on ). For example, the final beam direction ( This property can be determined as follows. For example, it can be derived from Equation 12.

[0318] [Equation 12]

[0319] For example, the above operation can be limited to cases where the difference between the two beam directions is within an angle less than or equal to a threshold.

[0320] For example, weight value It can be determined based on the requirements for bistatic radar performance (e.g., object detection performance, object range and orientation estimation performance, object recognition performance) and the requirements for communication performance (e.g., data rate, transmission error rate, or transmission success probability).

[0321] For example, weight value (or weight value) (This can be based on the performance of the transmitted sensing signals and the sensing signal requirements GAP) sensing The difference between (e.g., gap_sensing) and the performance of the transmitted communication signal versus the communication signal requirement GAP. comm The difference between (e.g., gap_comm) is updated for the next sensing signal transmission. For example, when GAP sensing Value ratio GAP comm When the value exceeds the pre-configured threshold, value (or (Value) Add a pre-configured unit value; when GAP sensing Value ratio GAP comm When the value exceeds the pre-configured threshold, value (or (Value) Decrease the pre-configured unit value; when GAP sensing Value and GAP comm When values ​​are equal, maintain value (or The value remains unchanged.

[0322] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, the UE determines the gNB that will receive the sensing signal reflected by an object within the sensing area, and proposes a method that can efficiently control the transmission power of the sensing signal to be transmitted by the UE based on the received LOS signal power and the received NLOS signal power.

[0323] This disclosure provides a significant improvement in the transmit power control of the sensed signal in UL bistatic sensing. By excluding the LOS signal component and feeding back only the received power of the NLOS signal component to the transmitter, the transmit power of the sensed signal can be precisely adjusted. This method improves power utilization efficiency and enhances sensing performance by accurately adjusting the transmit power according to actual sensing needs. Therefore, unnecessary power consumption and potential interference are reduced, thereby improving the overall quality of service (QoS) of the wireless communication system.

[0324] For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for service types. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for (LCH or service) priorities. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI parameters. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) with SL HARQ feedback enabled. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) that are disabled for SL HARQ feedback. Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for CBR measurements of resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL broadcast types (e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL multicast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK feedback only, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK feedback based solely on TX-RX distance). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for whether a PSFCH resource is configured in a resource pool. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for source (L2) IDs.For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the destination (L2) ID. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the connection state (with the base station) (e.g., RRC connection state, idle state, inactive state). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL HARQ process (ID). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether SL DRX operation (TX UE or RX UE) is performed. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether the UE is an energy-saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX (beyond UE capacity)) overlap (and / or PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are skipped) (from the perspective of a specific UE). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives (re)transmissions of PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) from the TX UE.

[0325] For example, in this disclosure, the term "configured / specified (or designated / assigned)" can be extended to / interpreted as the base station notifying the UE (and / or being provided by pre-configuration and / or the UE notifying other UEs by pre-defined (physical layer or higher) channels / signals (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE)).

[0326] For example, in this disclosure, the term "PSFCH" can be extended to / interpreted as (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Furthermore, the methods proposed in this disclosure can be used in combination with each other (as a novel approach).

[0327] For example, in this disclosure, a specific threshold may refer to a threshold predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network (including the application layer), the base station, or the UE. For example, in this disclosure, a specific configuration value may refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network, base station, or UE (including the application layer). For example, network / base station configuration operations may refer to the base station (pre-)configuring the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, or the base station configuring / signaling the UE via MAC CE, or the base station signaling the UE via DCI.

[0328] Figure 18 An example of a method for performing wireless communication using a first apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 18 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0329] Reference Figure 18 In step S1810, the first device may transmit a signal to the second device. In step S1820, the first device may receive information from the second device related to the received power of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal component used for transmitting the signal. In step S1830, the first device may determine the transmission power for the sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS related signal component. In step S1840, the first device may transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0330] For example, the signal component associated with NLOS can be the signal component associated with the path that is received after the path that is received first in time among the signal components of that signal.

[0331] For example, the first device can obtain information related to power control parameters used for sensing the signal. For example, the transmit power used for sensing the signal can be determined based on the power control parameters used for sensing the signal and the receive power used for the signal components associated with NLOS.

[0332] For example, information related to the transmission power parameters used to sense the signal may include information related to the P0 value used to sense the signal and information related to the alpha value used to sense the signal.

[0333] For example, the first device can transmit a signal for communication to the third device. For example, the first device can receive a signal for communication from the third device. For example, the first device can determine the transmission power of the communication signal based on the received signal power of the received communication signal. For example, the first device can transmit a communication signal to the third device based on the transmission power of the communication signal.

[0334] For example, the first device can obtain information related to power control parameters for the communication signal. For example, the transmission power for the communication signal can be determined based on the power control parameters for the communication signal and the received signal power of the received signal for communication.

[0335] For example, information related to power control parameters used for communication signals may include information related to the P0 value used for communication signals and information related to the alpha value used for communication signals.

[0336] For example, the power control parameters for sensing signals and the power control parameters for communication signals can be configured independently for the first device.

[0337] For example, the second device and the third device can be the same device.

[0338] For example, the first device can obtain a first weight for the transmission power used for sensing signals. For example, the first device can determine a final transmission power based on an adjusted transmission power used for sensing signals and an adjusted transmission power used for communication signals, wherein the adjusted transmission power used for sensing signals is obtained based on the transmission power used for sensing signals and the first weight, and the adjusted transmission power used for communication signals is obtained based on the transmission power used for communication signals and a second weight. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the adjusted transmission power used for sensing signals. For example, the communication signal can be transmitted based on the adjusted transmission power used for communication signals. For example, the sum of the first weight and the second weight can be 1. For example, the first weight can be determined based on at least one of the requirements for sensing or for communication.

[0339] For example, the transmit power of the first beam associated with the sensing signal can be determined based on the transmit power of the sensing signal and a first weight. Similarly, the transmit power of the second beam associated with the communication signal can be determined based on the transmit power of the communication signal and a second weight.

[0340] For example, the first device can determine the final beam direction based on the direction of a first beam associated with the sensing signal, a third weight, the direction of a second beam associated with the communication signal, and a fourth weight. For example, the sum of the third and fourth weights can be 1. For example, the third weight can be determined based on at least one of the requirements for sensing or for communication.

[0341] For example, the angle between the direction of the first beam associated with the sensing signal and the direction of the second beam associated with the communication signal can be less than or equal to a threshold.

[0342] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, the proposed method can be applied to an apparatus. First, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit a signal to the second apparatus. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive information from the second apparatus related to the received power of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal components in the signal components used for transmission. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can determine the transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS related signal components. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit a sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0343] Based on one embodiment of this disclosure, a first apparatus suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first apparatus to perform operations including: transmitting a signal to a second apparatus; receiving from the second apparatus information relating to the received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal components used for the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for sensing a signal based on the received power of the NLOS related signal component; and transmitting a sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0344] Based on one embodiment of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, instructions executed by the at least one processor can cause the first device to perform operations including: transmitting a signal to a second device; receiving from the second device information relating to the received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal components used for the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS related signal component; and transmitting a sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0345] Based on one embodiment of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, these instructions, upon execution, can cause a first device to perform operations including: transmitting a signal to a second device; receiving from the second device information relating to the received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal components used for the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power of the NLOS related signal component; and transmitting a sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0346] Figure 19 An example of a method for performing wireless communication using a second apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided. Figure 19 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0347] Reference Figure 19 In step S1910, the second device can receive a signal from the first device. In step S1920, the second device can send information to the first device related to the received power of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal component used for receiving the signal. For example, the transmission power for sensing the signal can be determined based on the received power for the NLOS related signal component. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for sensing the signal.

[0348] For example, the signal component associated with NLOS can be the signal component associated with the path that is received after the path that is received first in time among the signal components.

[0349] For example, information related to the power control parameters used for sensing the signal can be obtained. For instance, the transmit power used for sensing the signal can be determined based on the power control parameters used for sensing the signal and the receive power used for the signal components associated with NLOS.

[0350] For example, information related to the transmission power parameters used to sense the signal may include information related to the P0 value used to sense the signal and information related to the alpha value used to sense the signal.

[0351] For example, a signal for communication can be sent to a third device. For example, the third device can send a signal for communication to the first device. For example, the transmission power of the communication signal can be determined based on the received signal power of the received communication signal. For example, a communication signal can be sent to the third device based on the transmission power of the communication signal.

[0352] For example, the first device can obtain information related to power control parameters used for communication signals. For instance, the transmission power of the communication signal can be determined based on the power control parameters used for the communication signal and the received signal power of the received signal used for communication.

[0353] For example, information related to power control parameters used for communication signals may include information related to the P0 value used for communication signals and information related to the alpha value used for communication signals.

[0354] For example, the power control parameters for sensing signals and the power control parameters for communication signals can be configured independently for the first device.

[0355] For example, the second device and the third device can be the same device.

[0356] For example, a first weight can be obtained for the transmission power used for sensing signals. For example, a final transmission power can be determined based on the adjusted transmission power used for sensing signals and the adjusted transmission power used for communication signals, wherein the adjusted transmission power used for sensing signals is obtained based on the transmission power used for sensing signals and the first weight, and the adjusted transmission power used for communication signals is obtained based on the transmission power used for communication signals and a second weight. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the adjusted transmission power used for sensing signals. For example, the communication signal can be transmitted based on the adjusted transmission power used for communication signals. For example, the sum of the first weight and the second weight can be 1. For example, the first weight can be determined based on at least one of the requirements for sensing or for communication.

[0357] For example, the transmit power of the first beam associated with the sensing signal can be determined based on the transmit power of the sensing signal and a first weight. Similarly, the transmit power of the second beam associated with the communication signal can be determined based on the transmit power of the communication signal and a second weight.

[0358] For example, the final beam direction can be determined based on the direction of a first beam associated with the sensing signal, a third weight, the direction of a second beam associated with the communication signal, and a fourth weight. For example, the sum of the third and fourth weights can be 1. For example, the third weight can be determined based on at least one of the requirements for sensing or for communication.

[0359] For example, the angle between the direction of the first beam associated with the sensing signal and the direction of the second beam associated with the communication signal can be less than or equal to a threshold.

[0360] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, the proposed method can be applied to an apparatus. First, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive signals from the first apparatus. Furthermore, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit information to the first apparatus related to the received power of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal components in the signal components used for receiving the signal. For example, the transmitted power for sensing signals can be determined based on the received power for the NLOS related signal components. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmitted power for sensing signals.

[0361] Based on one embodiment of this disclosure, a second device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting to the first device information relating to the received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal components used for the received signal. For example, the transmitted power for a sensing signal can be determined based on the received power for the NLOS related signal component. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmitted power for the sensing signal.

[0362] Based on one embodiment of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting to the first device information relating to the received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the received signal. For example, the transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined based on the received power for the NLOS related signal component. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0363] Based on one embodiment of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, these instructions, upon execution, can cause a second device to perform operations including: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting to the first device information relating to the received power of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) related signal component in the signal components used for the received signal. For example, the transmission power for sensing a signal can be determined based on the received power for the NLOS related signal component. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for sensing a signal.

[0364] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0365] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0366] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0367] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0368] Figure 20 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0369] Reference Figure 20 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0370] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0371] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0372] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0373] Figure 21 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0374] Reference Figure 21 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 20 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0375] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0376] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0377] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0378] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0379] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0380] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operating procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0381] Figure 22 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 22 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0382] Reference Figure 22 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 22 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 21The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 21 Implemented by processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) Figure 22 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 21 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0383] Can be via Figure 22 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0384] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0385] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0386] Able to be with Figure 22 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 21 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not shown) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0387] Figure 23 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 20 ). Figure 23 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0388] Reference Figure 23 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 21 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 21 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 21The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0389] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 20 100a), vehicles ( Figure 20 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 20 100c), handheld device ( Figure 20 100d), home appliances ( Figure 20 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 20 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 20 400), BS ( Figure 20 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0390] exist Figure 23In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0391] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 23 Examples.

[0392] Figure 24 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 24 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0393] Reference Figure 24 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 23 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0394] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0395] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0396] Figure 25 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 25 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0397] Reference Figure 25 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 23 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0398] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0399] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0400] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method performed by a first apparatus in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting a signal to a second apparatus; receiving, from the second apparatus, information related to a received power for a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal. 2.The method of claim 1, the signal component related to the NLOS is a signal component related to a path received after a path received first in time among the signal components of the signal. wherein 3.The method of claim 1, the method further comprising: obtaining information related to a power control parameter for the sensing signal, wherein the transmission power for the sensing signal is determined based on the power control parameter for the sensing signal and the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS. 4.The method of claim 3, the information related to a transmission power parameter for the sensing signal includes information related to a P0 value for the sensing signal and information related to an alpha value for the sensing signal. wherein 5.The method of claim 3, the method further comprising: transmitting a signal for communication to a third apparatus; receiving a signal for communication from the third apparatus; determining a transmission power for a communication signal based on a received signal power for the received signal for communication; and transmitting the communication signal to the third apparatus based on the transmission power for the communication signal. 6.The method of claim 5, the method further comprising: obtaining information related to a power control parameter for the communication signal, wherein the transmission power for the communication signal is determined based on the power control parameter for the communication signal and the received signal power for the received signal for communication. 7.The method of claim 6, the information related to the power control parameter for the communication signal includes information related to a P0 value for the communication signal and information related to an alpha value for the communication signal. 8.The method of claim 6, wherein the power control parameter for the sensing signal and the power control parameter for the communication signal are independently configured for the first apparatus. 9.The method of claim 5, wherein the second apparatus and the third apparatus are the same apparatus. 10.The method of claim 5, the method further comprising: wherein, obtaining a first weight for the transmission power for the sensing signal; and ​ ​ ​ determining a final transmit power based on the adjusted transmit power for the sensing signal and the adjusted transmit power for the communication signal, the adjusted transmit power for the sensing signal being obtained based on the transmit power for the sensing signal and the first weight, the adjusted transmit power for the communication signal being obtained based on the transmit power for the communication signal and a second weight, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the adjusted transmit power for the sensing signal, wherein the communication signal is transmitted based on the adjusted transmit power for the communication signal, wherein a sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1, and wherein the first weight is determined based on at least one of a demand for sensing or a demand for communication.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein a transmit power for a first beam related to the sensing signal is determined based on the transmit power for the sensing signal and the first weight, and wherein a transmit power for a second beam related to the communication signal is determined based on the transmit power for the communication signal and the second weight.

12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising the steps of: determining a final beam direction based on a direction of a first beam related to the sensing signal, a third weight, a direction of a second beam related to the communication signal, and a fourth weight, wherein a sum of the third weight and the fourth weight is 1, and wherein the third weight is determined based on at least one of a demand for sensing or a demand for communication.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein an angle between the direction of the first beam related to the sensing signal and the direction of the second beam related to the communication signal is less than or equal to a threshold value.

14. A first apparatus adapted to perform wireless communication, the first apparatus comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to perform operations comprising: transmitting a signal to a second apparatus; receiving, from the second apparatus, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the transmitted signal; determining a transmit power for a sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmit power for the sensing signal.

15. A processing apparatus adapted to control a first apparatus, the processing apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to perform operations comprising: transmitting a signal to a second apparatus; receiving, from the second device, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, based on being executed, cause a first device to perform operations comprising: transmitting a signal to a second device; receiving, from the second device, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the transmitted signal; determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

17. A method performed by a second device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting, to the first device, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the received signal, wherein a transmission power for a sensing signal is determined based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS, and wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

18. A second device adapted to perform wireless communication, the second device comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations comprising: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting, to the first device, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the received signal, wherein a transmission power for a sensing signal is determined based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS, and wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

19. A processing device adapted to control a second device, the processing device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations comprising: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting, to the first device, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components for the received signal, wherein a transmission power for a sensing signal is determined based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS, and wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal. ​ wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmit power for the sensing signal.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, based on being executed, cause a second apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving a signal from a first apparatus; and transmitting, to the first apparatus, information related to a received power of a signal component related to a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal, wherein a transmit power for a sensing signal is determined based on the received power for the signal component related to the NLOS, and wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmit power for the sensing signal.

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