Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method of performing wireless communication by a first device and a device supporting the same are provided. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving information related to at least one transmission beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmission beam, a transmission beam having the maximum reception power; estimating an angle between the transmit beam having the maximum receive power and the sensing position; transmitting information related to the index and the angle of the transmission beam having the maximum reception power to a second device; and receiving a reflected signal on the basis that the signal for sensing sent by the second device to the sensing position is reflected by an object in the sensing position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the successor to LTE and a new type of mobile communication system with features such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for efficiently providing services in a wireless communication system. Specifically, this disclosure provides a method and apparatus for communication.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] Based on the implementation, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device can be provided. The method may include: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, a transmit beam with the highest received power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and a sensing location; transmitting to the second device an index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and the angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location being reflected from an object at the sensing location.

[0009] Based on the implementation, a first device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. The first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations including: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, the transmit beam with the maximum receive power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and a sensing location; transmitting to the second device an index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing location for sensing being reflected from an object at the sensing location.

[0010] Based on the implementation, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, the transmit beam with the maximum receive power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and a sensing position; transmitting to the second device an index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position for sensing being reflected from an object at the sensing position.

[0011] Based on the implementation, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. These instructions, upon execution, can cause a first device to perform operations including: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, the transmit beam with the maximum receive power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and a sensing position; transmitting to the second device an index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position for sensing being reflected from an object at the sensing position.

[0012] Based on the implementation, a method for performing wireless communication by a second device can be provided. The method may include: sending information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the highest receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest receive power and a sensing position; and sending a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0013] Based on the implementation, a second device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. The second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: sending information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the highest receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest receive power and a sensing position; and sending a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0014] Based on the implementation, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: sending information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and a sensing position; and sending a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0015] Based on the implementation, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. These instructions, upon execution, can cause a second device to perform operations including: sending information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the highest receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest receive power and a sensing position; and sending a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0016] Beneficial effects

[0017] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for efficiently providing services in a wireless communication system. For example, communication can be performed efficiently through the embodiments proposed in this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication architecture that may be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 3 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on transparent payloads, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0021] Figure 4 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on regenerative payloads, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0022] Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 7 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 8 This illustrates a process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 9 An example of the architecture of a 5G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, which is capable of locating a UE authorized to access a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN.

[0027] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer used to support LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown.

[0029] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to explain the OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 15 An example of a wireless communication environment based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 16 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 17 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0035] Figure 18 A method for performing wireless communication using a first apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 19 A method for performing wireless communication using a second apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 20 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 21 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 22 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 23 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 24 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 25 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0044] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0045] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0046] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0047] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message". In other words, "Control Message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be cited as an example of "Control Message". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message".

[0048] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0049] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0050] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0051] In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured for the device.

[0052] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR.

[0053] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0054] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication architecture that may be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0055] In 6G, new network features may include the following.

[0056] Satellite integrated network

[0057] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative, and the evolution of wireless may evolve from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every step of the communication process (or in each signal processing step described below).

[0058] - Seamless integration of wireless information and power transfer.

[0059] -Ubiquitous Hyper-3D Connectivity: Access to network and core network functions for drones and low Earth orbit satellites will establish hyper-3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0060] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0061] - Small community network

[0062] -Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

[0063] High-capacity return

[0064] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0065] - Software-based and virtualized.

[0066] The core implementation technologies of 6G systems are described below.

[0067] Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Furthermore, AI may enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0068] Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key features of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth capable of supporting very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0069] - Massive MIMO technology (Large-scale MIMO)

[0070] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0071] - Optical wireless technology

[0072] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0073] -Quantum communication

[0074] - Cellular communication

[0075] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0076] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0077] -Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0078] Big Data Analysis

[0079] -Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0080] -Metaverse

[0081] -Blockchain

[0082] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will become a crucial element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology can provide high-speed wireless data connectivity. Base station (BS) entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can possess certain capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communication. This technology promotes the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also be used for a variety of purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is widely recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0083] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher-level concept than Urban Air Mobility (UAM). UAM refers to air transport that can be used in urban areas and can also refer to transport vehicles that include movement between urban areas and regional hubs.

[0084] - Autonomous Driving (Autonomous Driving): Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a core element for building autonomous driving infrastructure. It can be a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond simply delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. Therefore, given the potentially enormous amount of information that needs to be sent and received, autonomous driving is expected to be maximized in 6G, which offers higher transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0085] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN can refer to networks or network segments that utilize radio frequency (RF) resources on satellites (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platforms). Figure 3 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 4 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerable payload, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 3 or Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. See also... Figure 3 The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to the data network via the gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (See reference...) Figure 4 A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to another satellite (or another UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). Another satellite (or another UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. Based on regenerated payloads, a satellite can connect to the data network via a gateway and another satellite. If no ISL exists between satellites, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a designated service area based on its field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0086] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment, using radio frequency (RF) to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of an object. RF sensing capabilities can provide device-free object localization services because the object does not need to be connected via a device in the network. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new functionalities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, drones), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. For example, wireless sensing services can provide input to various vertical sectors (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle handling and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and activity monitoring, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can also use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on the processing of the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may have the opportunity to enhance traditional systems from communication networks to wireless and sensing networks. Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) shows an example of sensing (e.g., single-site sensing) with a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same place, and Figure 5 (b) shows an example of sensing with separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual-station sensing).

[0087] The radio interface protocol layer between the UE and the network can be classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the well-known Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in communication systems. The Physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transmission services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, controls the radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0088] The physical layer provides information transmission services to the upper layers through physical channels. The physical layer connects to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer, through transport channels. Data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0089] Data is transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver) via a physical channel. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0090] The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, which is higher than the MAC layer, via logical channels. The MAC layer provides the ability to map multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services through logical channels.

[0091] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Units (RLC SDUs). To ensure the different Quality of Service (QoS) required by the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Non-Acknowledgment Mode (UM), and Acknowledgment Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0092] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used to control the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of logical, transport, and physical channels associated with RBs. RBs are logical paths for data transmission between the UE and the network, provided by Layer 1 (i.e., the Physical Layer or PHY Layer) and Layer 2 (i.e., the MAC Layer, RLC Layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer, and Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) Layer).

[0093] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the user plane includes functions such as user data transmission, header compression, and encryption. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the control plane includes functions such as control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0094] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs the mapping between Quality of Service (QoS) streams and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), as well as the QoS Stream ID (QFI) tagging in both DL and UL packets.

[0095] The configuration of an Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the processing used to specify the radio protocol layer and channel attributes to provide specific services, as well as to determine the corresponding detailed parameters and operating methods. RBs can then be classified into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as paths for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as paths for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0096] When an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state; otherwise, the UE can be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the NR case, an additional RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0097] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE via downlink transport channels. Examples of downlink transport channels include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and the Shared Downlink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Furthermore, uplink transport channels for transmitting (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and the Shared Uplink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages.

[0098] Examples of logical channels that belong to a higher layer than the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel may include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), Multicast Service Channel (MTCH), etc.

[0099] Radio frames can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame is 10 ms long and can be defined as consisting of two half-frames (HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0100] With normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. With extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. In this paper, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0101] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols (N) per slot based on the SCS configuration (μ) when using normal CP or extended CP. slot symb ), Number of time slots per frame (N) frame,μ slot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N) subframe ,μ slot ).

[0102] [Table 2]

[0103] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for an NR frame according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0104] Reference Figure 6 A time slot comprises multiple symbols in the time domain. A carrier comprises multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 12 subcarriers). A bandwidth portion (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and a BWP can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and a complex number of symbols can be mapped to each element.

[0105] A bandwidth portion (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given set of parameters. PRBs can be selected from a contiguous set of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given set of parameters on a given carrier.

[0106] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. It is assumed that in... Figure 7 In this implementation, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0107] Reference Figure 7 A Common Resource Block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other. Alternatively, a Producer Resource Block (PRB) can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0108] It can be determined by point A and the offset (N) relative to point A. start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP The BWP can be configured using a parameter set. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, with subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) aligned at point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0109] Sidelink synchronization signals (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as the primary sidelink synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as the secondary sidelink synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a 127-character M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a 127-character Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, a UE can use both the S-PSS and S-SSS for detailed synchronization acquisition and for detecting the synchronization signal ID.

[0110] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel used to transmit default (system) information that the UE must know before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information could be related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), Time Division Duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, resource pool information, and application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For instance, to evaluate PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size can be 56 bits, including 24 bits of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

[0111] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) / Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0112] In this disclosure, PSCCH can be replaced by control channel, physical control channel, side-link related control channel, side-link related physical control channel, etc. In this disclosure, PSSCH can be replaced by shared channel, physical shared channel, side-link related shared channel, side-link related physical shared channel, etc.

[0113] Figure 8 This illustrates the process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0114] refer to Figure 8 In resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources for UL to use for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can send information related to SL resources and / or information related to sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) to the first UE. For example, sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) may be resources used to report SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0115] For example, the first UE can receive information related to Dynamic Grant (DG) resources and / or Configuration Grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, CG resources may include CG Type 1 resources or CG Type 2 resources. In this disclosure, DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via Downlink Control Information (DCI). In this disclosure, CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG Type 1 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG Type 2 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0116] In step S810, the first UE can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, it can receive HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK or ACK information) from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI can be a DCI used for SL scheduling.

[0117] Reference Figure 8In (b) of the resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the base station / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within a selection window by performing a sensing process and a resource (re)selection process. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S810, the first UE, which has selected resources from the resource pool, can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE using the resources. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0118] Reference Figure 8 In (a) or (b), for example, the first UE may send an SCI to the second UE via a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE may send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to the second UE via a PSCCH and / or a PSSCH. In this case, the second UE may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this disclosure, an SCI sent via a PSCCH may be referred to as the first SCI, first-level SCI, or first-level SCI format, and an SCI sent via a PSSCH may be referred to as the second SCI, second-level SCI, second-level SCI, or second-level SCI format.

[0119] For example, the first-level SCI format may include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, and the second-level SCI format may include SCI format 2-A, SCI format 2-B, SCI format 2-C and / or SCI format 2-D.

[0120] The following section will describe an example of SCI format 1-A.

[0121] SCI format 1-A is used to schedule PSSCH and the second-level SCI on PSSCH.

[0122] The following information was sent using SCI format 1-A: -Priority-3 bits -Frequency Resource Allocation- When the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2, ceiling(log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, when the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3, ceiling log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1)(2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits.

[0123] -Time Resource Allocation- 5 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2; otherwise, 9 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3.

[0124] -Resource retention period- If the high-level parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is configured, then ceiling(log2N) rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period This is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList; otherwise, it is 0.

[0125] -DMRS pattern-ceiling (log2N) pattern ) bits, where N pattern The number of DMRS patterns is configured by the high-level parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0126] -Second-level SCI format-2 digits

[0127] -Beta_offset indicator -2 bits, as provided by the higher-level parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0128] -Number of DMRS ports-1 bit

[0129] -Modulation and coding scheme-5 bits

[0130] -Additional MCS Table Indicator- 1 bit if one MCS table is configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0131] -PSFCH overhead indicator- 1 bit if the higher-level parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0132] -Reserved- The number of bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to zero.

[0133] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-A.

[0134] SCI format 2-A is used for decoding PSSCH, where HARQ operation is used when the HARQ-ACK message includes ACK or NACK, when the HARQ-ACK message only includes NACK, or when there is no HARQ-ACK message feedback.

[0135] The following information should be sent using SCI format 2-A: -HARQ process number-4 digits -New data indicator-1 bit -Redundant version-2 bits -Source ID-8 digits -Destination ID- 16 digits -HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator-1 bit - Broadcast type indicator - 2 bits, as defined in Table 3 -CSI Request-1 bit [Table 3]

[0136] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0137] SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding. HARQ operation is used when the HARQ-ACK information only includes NACK or when there is no HARQ-ACK feedback.

[0138] The following information should be sent in SCI format 2-B: -HARQ process number-4 digits -New data indicator-1 bit -Redundant version-2 bits -Source ID-8 digits -Destination ID- 16 digits -HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator-1 bit -Region ID-12 digits -Communication range requirement-4 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index Reference Figure 8In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0139] Reference Figure 8 In step (a), the first UE can send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH in step S840.

[0140] The location will be described below.

[0141] Figure 9 An example of an architecture in a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, the 5G system being able to locate UEs accessing a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0142] Reference Figure 9 The AMF can receive requests for location services related to a specific target UE from different entities such as the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or it can determine whether to initiate location services in the AMF itself rather than in the specific target UE. The AMF can then send a location service request to the Location Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving a location service request, the LMF can process the request and return a processing request to the AMF, including the estimated location of the UE. Simultaneously, if a location service request is received from a different entity other than the AMF, such as the GMLC, the AMF can pass the processing request received from the LMF to that different entity.

[0143] Next-generation evolved NBs (ng-eNBs) and gNBs are NG-RAN network elements capable of providing measurement results for location estimation, measuring radio signals for a target UE, and transmitting result values ​​to the LMF. Additionally, ng-eNBs can control several transport points (TPs), such as remote radio heads for E-UTRA-supported beacon systems based on Position Reference Signals (PRS) or dedicated PRS TPs.

[0144] The LMF can connect to the Enhanced Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) by using downlink measurements obtained by the target UE through signals transmitted from the gNB and / or PRS dedicated TP in the E-UTRAN, which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0145] Simultaneously, the LMF can connect to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for the corresponding target UE. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement results. For the target UE's positioning, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, requested Quality of Service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply such positioning methods to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. Additionally, the LMF can determine supplementary information such as the target UE's location estimate and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0146] The UE can measure downlink signals via NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Land Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, UE barometric pressure sensors, etc. The UE may include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with networks accessible to the UE, or access the LCS application through another application included in the UE. The LCS application may include the measurement and computation functions needed to determine the UE's location. For example, the UE may include independent positioning capabilities such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and can report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. Location information obtained independently in this way can be used as supplementary information to location information obtained from the network.

[0147] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0148] When the UE is in the Connection Management (CM)-Idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request the network to trigger a service to allocate a specific service gNB or ng-eNB. Figure 10 This process is omitted from the text. In other words, it can be... Figure 10 The system assumes the UE is in connected mode. However, due to signaling and data deactivation, the signaling connection can be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process.

[0149] Reference Figure 10The network operation process for measuring the location of a UE is described in detail. In step a1, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request the serving AMF to provide location services for measuring the location of the target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request location services, based on step 1b, the serving AMF can determine that location services are needed for measuring the location of the target UE. For example, to measure the location of a UE used for an emergency call, the serving AMF may determine to directly perform location services.

[0150] Subsequently, the AMF can send a location service request to the LMF based on step 2, and the LMF can initiate a location procedure to obtain location measurement data or location measurement auxiliary data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB. Additionally, based on step 3b, the LMF can initiate a location procedure for downlink positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF can send auxiliary data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or it can obtain location estimates or location measurements. Step 3b can be performed separately after step 3a, or it can be performed in place of step 3a.

[0151] In step 4, the LMF can provide a location service response to the AMF. Additionally, the location service response may include information regarding whether the UE's location estimation was successful and the UE's location estimation value. Subsequently, if initiated by step a1... Figure 10 In this process, AMF can transmit the location service response to the 5GC entity, such as GMLC, and if initiated by step 1b Figure 10 During the process, the AMF can use location service responses to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0152] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0153] LPP PDUs can be sent between the AMF and UE via NAS PDUs. (See reference...) Figure 11 LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL-enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane and an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs via intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols such as the NG Application Protocol (NGAP) via the NG-Control Plane (NG-C) interface and NAS / RRC via the NR-Uu interface. The LPP protocol can enable location services for NR and LTE using various location methods.

[0154] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of the LPP process.

[0155] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0156] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) for measurement, data supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and cell ID and cell location ID for the NR cell ID positioning method, etc., sent from the ng-eNB to the LMF. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, the AMF can route NRPPa PDUs based on the associated LMR's routing ID via the NG-C interface.

[0157] The NRPPa protocol procedures used for location and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is UE-related procedures used to transmit information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), while the second type is non-UE-related procedures used to transmit information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0158] Meanwhile, examples of positioning methods supported in NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and Land Beacon System (TBS), Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0159] (1) Observation of the time difference of arrival (OTDOA)

[0160] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to explain the OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0161] The OTDOA positioning method uses the timing measurement of downlink signals received by the UE from the eNB, ng-eNB, and multiple TPs, including a dedicated PRS TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Furthermore, the UE's location can be determined based on these measurements and the geometric coordinates of adjacent TPs.

[0162] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurements. If the UE cannot identify at least one TP's single-frequency network (SFN) in the OTDOA auxiliary data, the UE can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0163] In this paper, RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell whose start time is closest to that of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0164] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA can be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD of TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 can be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, since the accuracy and / or uncertainty of each TOA measurement may exist, the estimated location of the UE can be referred to as a specific range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0165] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0166] [Formula 1]

[0167] In this article, c can be the speed of light, {x t , y t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i , y i {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this paper, (T) can be... i-T1) is called the "Real Time Difference (RTD)" as the transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i n1 can represent the value related to the UETOA measurement error.

[0168] (2) Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)

[0169] In the Cell ID (CID) location method, the UE's location can be measured using the geographic information of its serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0170] In addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve the UE location estimate. While some of the same measurement methods used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used in the E-CID positioning method, additional measurements are generally not performed solely for UE location measurement. In other words, measurement configuration or measurement control messages may not be provided additionally to measure the UE's location. Furthermore, the UE may not expect to request additional measurement operations solely for location measurement and can report measurement values ​​obtained through measurement methods that the UE can perform in a general manner.

[0171] For example, the serving gNB can use E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE to implement the E-CID positioning method.

[0172] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning are as follows.

[0173] - UE Measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time Difference, GSM EDGE Random Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0174] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA).

[0175] In this paper, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0176] TADV type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0177] TADV type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0178] Simultaneously, AoA can be used to measure the UE's orientation. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counter-clockwise direction from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When the antenna array elements are arranged at equal intervals, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0179] (3) Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA)

[0180] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the UE's location can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0181] (4) Round trip time (RTT)

[0182] RTT (Remote Time Tolerance) is a localization technique that allows measuring the distance between two entities, even if the target entity and the server entity are out of sync. If RTT is performed using multiple server entities, the distance to each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute localization of the target entity can be performed through the intersection of these circles.

[0183] The RTT between two entities is performed as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS #1 at t1, and entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After entity #2 receives PRS #1, entity #2 can send PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0184] [Equation 2] (Where c is the speed of light) For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be obtained based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB BRx-Tx time difference in the table below.

[0185] (5) Bilateral RTT

[0186] Two-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities even if there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0187] The method for performing a two-sided RTT between two entities is as follows.

[0188] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0189] Bilateral RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. (See reference...) Figure 14 It can be measured by two measurements (i.e., T) round1 T round2 T reply1 T reply2 The propagation delay T can be estimated using Equation 3.

[0190] [Formula 3]

[0191] In addition, it can be obtained based on Equation 4. .

[0192] [Formula 4]

[0193] in

[0194] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0195] [Formula 5]

[0196] In this case, the error in the propagation delay estimation due to clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0197] [Formula 6]

[0198] Error =

[0199] Here, e UE1 and e UE2It can be the clock offset between UE1 and UE2, and It can be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0200] For example, the following can illustrate an example of a reference signal time difference (RSTD). For example, the following RSTD can be applied to SL positioning.

[0201] Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD)

[0202] - Definition: The relative timing difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i is defined as T. SubframeRxj – T SubframeRxi , where: T SubframeRxj It is the time when the UE starts receiving a subframe from E-UTRA cell j; T SubframeRxi This is the start time of the corresponding subframe from which the UE receives data in E-UTRA cell i that is closest in time to the subframe received in E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference should be the UE's antenna connector.

[0203] - Applies to: Inter-RATs with RRC_CONNECTED

[0204] For example, the following example illustrates the DL PRS reference signal received power (DL PRS-RSRP). For instance, the following DL PRS-RSRP can be applied to SL positioning.

[0205] DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (DL PRS-RSRP)

[0206] - Definition: DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (DL PRS-RSRP) is defined as the linear average of the power contribution (in watts) of the resource element carrying the DL PRS reference signal configured for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP should be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP should be measured based on the combined signal of the antenna element corresponding to a given receiver tributary. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE uses receiver diversity, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value should not be lower than the DL PRS-RSRP corresponding to any single receiver tributary.

[0207] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0208] For example, the following can illustrate an example of DL relative signal time difference (DL RSTD). For example, the following DL relative signal time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0209] DL Relative Signal Time Difference (DL RSTD)

[0210] - Definition: The DL relative timing difference (DL RSTD) between positioning node j and reference positioning node i is defined as T SubframeRxj – T SubframeRxi , where: T SubframeRxj T is the time when the UE receives a subframe from the positioning node j; SubframeRxi This is the start time of the corresponding subframe received by the UE from location node i that is temporally closest to the subframe received from location node j. Multiple DL RRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe from a location node. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RRSTD should be the UE's antenna connector. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RRSTD should be the UE's antenna.

[0211] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0212] For example, the following can illustrate an example of the UE Rx–Tx time difference. For example, the following UE Rx–Tx time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0213] UE Rx–Tx time difference

[0214] - Definition: The time difference between UE Rx and Tx is defined as T. UE-RX –T UE-TX , where: T UE-RX The timing of the UE receiving downlink subframe #i from the positioning node is defined by the first detected path in time; T UE-TX This is the timing when the UE transmits the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe on the first arrival path of the positioning node. For frequency range 1, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement should be the UE's Rx antenna connector, and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement should be the UE's Tx antenna connector. For frequency range 2, T... UE-RX The reference point for the measurement should be the UE's Rx antenna, and T UE-TX The reference point for the measurement should be the UE's Tx antenna.

[0215] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED same frequency, RRC_CONNECTED different frequency

[0216] For example, the following can illustrate the relative arrival time of UL (T) UL-RTOA Examples of T. For example, the following T UL-RTOA It can be applied to SL positioning.

[0217] UL relative arrival time (T) UL-RTOA )

[0218] - Definition: UL relative arrival time (T) UL-RTOA T is the start of the SRS-containing subframe i received in positioning node j relative to the configurable reference time. Multiple SRS resources used for positioning can be used to determine the start of an SRS-containing subframe received by the positioning node. UL-RTOA The reference points should be: - For 1-C type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector; - For 1-O type or 2-O type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna; - For 1-H type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0219] For example, the following can illustrate an example of the gNB Rx – Tx time difference. For example, the following gNB Rx – Tx time difference can be applied to SL positioning.

[0220] gNB Rx – Tx Time Difference

[0221] - Definition: The time difference between gNB Rx and Tx is defined as T. gNB-RX – T gNB-TX , where: T gNB-RX The timing of the location node receiving the uplink subframe #i, which includes the SRS associated with the UE, is defined by the first detected path in time; T gNB-TX It is the timing at which the positioning node sends downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to subframe #i received from the UE. Multiple SRS resources used for positioning can be used to determine the start of a subframe including SRS. gNB-RX The reference points should be: - For 1-C type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna connector; - For 1-O or 2-O type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx antenna; - For 1-H type base station TS 38.104[9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector. gNB-TX The reference points should be: - For 1-C type base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna connector; - For 1-O type or 2-O type base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx antenna; - For 1-H type base station TS 38.104[9]: Tx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0222] For example, the following can illustrate an example of UL Angle of Arrival (UL AoA). For example, the following UL AoA can be applied to SL positioning.

[0223] UL Angle of Arrival (UL AoA)

[0224] - Definition: The UL angle of arrival (UL AoA) is defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angle of the UE relative to a reference direction, which is defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (GCS), the estimated azimuth is measured relative to the geographic North Pole, with the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction; the estimated vertical angle is measured relative to the zenith, with the horizontal direction as the positive direction; - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the estimated azimuth is measured relative to the x-axis of the LCS, with the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction; the estimated vertical angle is measured relative to the z-axis of the LCS, with the xy-plane direction as the positive direction. The azimuth, downtilt, and tilt angles of the LCS are defined according to TS 38.901

[14] . The UL AoA is determined on the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to the UE.

[0225] For example, the following example illustrates the UL SRS reference signal received power (UL SRS-RSRP). For instance, the UL SRS-RSRP described below can be applied to SL positioning.

[0226] UL SRS Reference Signal Received Power (UL SRS-RSRP)

[0227] Definition: The UL SRS Reference Signal Received Power (UL SRS-RSRP) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in watts) of the resource elements carrying the Detection Reference Signal (SRS). The UL SRS-RSRP should be measured for the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth at the configured measurement time point. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP should be the antenna connector of the gNB. For frequency range 2, the UL SRS-RSRP should be measured based on the combined signal of the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For both frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the gNB uses receiver diversity, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value should not be lower than the UL SRS-RSRP corresponding to any single receiver branch.

[0228] Figure 15 An example of a wireless communication environment based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0229] refer to Figure 15The first device (1510), the second device (1520) and the third device (1530) are shown as part of a device using a wireless channel in a wireless communication system. Figure 15 Only one first device (1510), one second device (1520) and one third device (1530) are shown in the illustration, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0230] According to this disclosure, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can transmit and receive wireless signals in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. For example, to improve channel gain, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can perform beamforming. Here, beamforming can include transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. For example, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can provide directionality for transmitting or receiving signals. For example, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can select a serving beam (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) through a beam search or beam management process. After the service beam (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) is selected, communication can be performed through the resources of the quasi-co-addressable (QCL) resource that transmits the service beam.

[0231] According to this disclosure, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) may include an antenna array. Each antenna included in the antenna array may be referred to as an array element or an antenna element. The antenna array may be configured in various forms, such as a linear array or a multilayer array. The antenna array may be referred to as a massive MIMO (Massively Multi-Layer Antenna Array). For example, the antenna array may include multiple subarrays, each subarray including multiple antenna elements.

[0232] For example, beam management operations at mmWave frequencies have recently been introduced into conventional NR Uu (operations between the base station and the UE). Beam management operations may include beam scheduling, beam selection, beam fault recovery, etc. In this disclosure, beam management operations (e.g., beam fault recovery) are proposed as follows. For example, the following schemes may relate to beam management operations in NR. However, the following schemes are not limited to NR. For example, the following schemes may relate to beam management operations in a side link. However, the following schemes are not limited to the side link. For example, the following schemes may relate to beam management operations in an NR side link.

[0233] The UE can perform FR2 (millimeter-wave band-based communication) operations based on the following operations. For example, FR2 can be sidelink FR2. For example, sidelink FR2 can refer to sidelink-based communication using the sidelink mmWave band. However, the following operations are not limited to sidelink FR2. This disclosure is not limited to sidelink FR2. For example, this disclosure can be applied to 5G FR2 or beyond 5G FR2 (e.g., 6G FR2).

[0234] - Beam scanning operation: The UE can perform the operation of finding the optimal beam (e.g., transmit beam, receive beam) by scanning the beams used for communication. For example, communication during beam scanning operation can be sidelink communication. For example, the UE can perform operations to cover a spatial area using the transmit beam and / or receive beam within a specific time interval based on a pre-configured scheme.

[0235] - Beam measurement operation: The UE can perform the operation of finding a reference signal (RS) whose measured value is greater than or equal to a threshold while measuring the reference signal (RS) sent by the peer UE.

[0236] - Beam selection operation: The UE can perform the operation of selecting the optimal beam (e.g., transmit beam, receive beam) based on the beam measurement results.

[0237] - Beam Reporting Operation: The UE can perform the operation of reporting the selected optimal beam to a peer UE or base station.

[0238] - Beam pairing operation: The UE can perform an operation to synchronize (pair) the beams (e.g., transmit beam / receive beam) between UEs so that they can communicate via the beams (e.g., transmit beam / receive beam) between UEs.

[0239] In the (side link) (FR2), for UE beam management (e.g., beam scanning, beam measurement, beam selection, beam pairing), the UE can send and receive reference signals (RS) to select / determine and adjust / manage the available beams between each other.

[0240] The following terms may be used in this disclosure.

[0241] -LMF: Location Management Function

[0242] - UE-triggered SL positioning: Positioning via SL (SL) during the UE-triggered process.

[0243] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning process triggered by base station / LMF

[0244] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning created by the UE using SL positioning groups.

[0245] - Base station controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the base station creates SL positioning groups.

[0246] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning calculated by the UE to determine the UE's location.

[0247] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning of the UE location calculated by the base station / LMF

[0248] -SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0249] -Target UE (T-UE): The UE whose location is calculated.

[0250] - Server UE (S-UE): The UE that assists the T-UE in SL positioning.

[0251] - Anchor UE: UE that assists in T-UE positioning.

[0252] -MG: Measurement gap that only allows SL PRS transmission

[0253] -MW: Measurement window capable of transmitting SL data and SL PRS in a multiplexed manner.

[0254] -SL PRS: SL PRS

[0255] -CCH: Control Channel

[0256] - Inter-UE Coordination (IUC) Message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE. This message includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources unsuitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE (non-preferred resources).

[0257] JCAS: Joint Communications and Sensing

[0258] -RIS: Reconfigurable Smart Surface

[0259] For example, SL PRS transport resources may include an SL PRS resource set that includes the following information.

[0260] -SL PRS Resource Set ID

[0261] -SL PRS Resource ID List: A list of SL PRS resource IDs in the SL PRS resource set.

[0262] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, non-periodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0263] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0264] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0265] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: can be set to SL SSB or DLPRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS for positioning.

[0266] For example, an SL PRS resource set may include SL PRS resources that include the following information.

[0267] -SL PRS Resource ID

[0268] -SL PRS comb size: The spacing between REs used for SL PRS transmissions within a symbol.

[0269] -SL PRS comb offset: where the RE index of the first transmitted SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol is...

[0270] -SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that makes up the SL PRS.

[0271] -SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol of the SL PRS transmitted within a time slot.

[0272] -SL PRS symbol count: The number of symbols configured for SL PRS within a time slot.

[0273] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain of the transmitted SL PRS.

[0274] -SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used to transmit SL PRS.

[0275] -SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, non-periodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0276] -SL PRS Periodicity: The time-domain periodicity between SL PRS resources, measured in physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that sends the SL PRS.

[0277] -SL PRS Offset: The time-domain offset relative to the start of the first SL PRS resource with respect to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that transmitted the SL PRS. The reference timing can be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0278] -SL PRS Sequence ID

[0279] -SL PRS spatial relationships: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS for positioning, etc.

[0280] -SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. It can transmit SL PRS resource configuration information, resource location, and other signals.

[0281] Meanwhile, conventional radar technology operates in a monostatic mode. In a monostatic mode, the transmitting entity receives the radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity after it is reflected from the object to be sensed. Therefore, the received signal power is reduced in proportion to the m-th power of the distance between the transmitting entity and the object (e.g., m = 4 in free space).

[0282] In this disclosure, based on an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, a method and a device supporting the method are proposed, which improves object detection performance by allowing a receiving entity, different from the transmitting entity, to receive the signal reflected from the object to be sensed by a radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity.

[0283] For example, generally speaking, the power of signals transmitted and received by a radar has the characteristic of attenuating in a ratio that is a fourth power of the distance between the radar and the object being detected. For example, when the radar receives a signal reflected from an object in response to a signal transmitted by the radar, the power of the received signal has the characteristic of attenuating in a ratio that is a fourth power of the distance between the radar and the object being detected. This characteristic can be derived using Equation 7.

[0284] [Formula 7]

[0285] Here, P t The transmit power can be [W], P r For received power [W], G t For the transmit antenna gain, G r This can be used for the receiving antenna gain. It can be the radar cross section. It can be the effective aperture area of ​​the receiving antenna.

[0286] Meanwhile, considering interference with communication signaling, radar / sensing signals transmitted using the ISAC system for object detection need to have their transmission power limited. Therefore, unlike typical radar transmission signals, radar / sensing signals transmitted using the ISAC system for object detection cannot transmit high signal power, making them unsuitable for sensing distant objects. Furthermore, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, the received signal power is further attenuated, leading to a decrease in reception performance.

[0287] Figure 16 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0288] refer to Figure 16 To achieve bistatic radar functionality based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit sensing signals, and the base station can receive the signals reflected from the object. This method enables object sensing.

[0289] For example, the sensing signal may be a signal dedicated to sensing purposes, and / or a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or a reference signal for communication (such as a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS)), and / or a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes.

[0290] For example, the entity transmitting the signal can be a transmitting and receiving point, and / or a UE, and / or a base station. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can be a transmitting radar. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be a transmitting and receiving point, and / or a UE, and / or a base station. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be a receiving radar. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be independent of the entity transmitting the signal. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can be transmitting and receiving point 1. For example, the entity receiving the signal can be transmitting and receiving point 2. Bistatic radar technology can address scenarios where the entity receiving the signal and the entity transmitting the signal are independent of each other. For example, bistatic radar technology can be related to sensing. For example, bistatic radar technology can be related to situations where sensing and the entity receiving the signal are separate from the entity transmitting the signal. For example, a signal transmitted from the entity transmitting the signal can be referred to as a transmitted signal. For example, the transmitted signal can be a signal transmitted for sensing. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can transmit the signal for sensing. For example, the entity transmitting the signal can transmit the signal to a geographic area to be sensed. For example, the geographic area to be sensed can be a sensing location. For example, a signal reflected from an object after the transmitted signal has been transmitted can be referred to as a reflected signal. For example, the entity receiving the signal can perform sensing based on the reflected signal.

[0291] To address the aforementioned issues, bistatic radar technology employs a method where the signal transmitted by the transmitting radar is reflected from the object and received by a separate receiving radar to sense the object. The signal power received by the receiving radar exhibits a characteristic of attenuation proportional to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (e.g., n=2 in free space). Therefore, if the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, it offers the advantage of improved detection performance for that object. This characteristic can be derived based on Equation 8.

[0292] [Formula 8]

[0293] Here, P TX It can be the transmitted signal power, P RX R can be the received signal power. TX R can be the distance from the transmitter to the target. RX G can be the distance from the receiver to the target. TX For the transmit antenna gain, G RX This can be used for the receiving antenna gain. It can be the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0294] In dynamic environments where the locations of the transmitter and / or receiver are unknown or constantly changing, it may be difficult to determine the optimal transmit beam index.

[0295] For example, when the location of the TX UE and / or the location of the RX UE are not fixed or known in advance, while the TX UE performs beam scanning, the RX UE can send to the TX UE a beam index with the maximum received signal power (e.g., beam RSRP) and the angle of the direction of the geographic location to be sensed relative to that beam index. For example, the RX UE can also send to the TX UE N beam indices with received signal power second only to the beam index with the maximum received signal power. For example, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the TX UE can more accurately estimate the LOS path between the TX UE and the RX UE based on the received power of the reported beam indices, and can more accurately perform beamforming of the beam toward the sensing location requested by the RX UE based on the estimation result.

[0296] Figure 17 An example of a method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0297] refer to Figure 17To achieve bistatic radar functionality based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit sensing signals, and the base station can receive signals reflected from an object by the transmitted sensing signals. This method enables object sensing.

[0298] For example, the sensing signal may be a signal dedicated to sensing purposes, and / or a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or a reference signal for communication (such as a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS)), and / or a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes.

[0299] For example, a base station or TX UE can transmit sensing signals for performing bistatic radar, and an RX UE can receive the signals reflected from an object after the sensing signals are received. Based on the received sensing signals, information related to the object (e.g., distance to the object and / or direction to the object and / or velocity of the object) can be measured to perform bistatic radar.

[0300] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, when the RX UE wishes to perform sensing of an area of ​​interest using bistatic radar, the RX UE may perform bistatic radar based on the following operations.

[0301] For example, when the location of the base station or TX UE transmitting the sensing signal is fixed and known in advance (e.g., a roadside unit (RSU) in the case of the TX UE), and the base station or TX UE transmits the sensing signal based on beamforming, the base station or TX UE can send information to the RX UE about a mapping relationship indicating which absolute direction each beam index points to for beamforming. For example, the base station or TX UE can send information to the RX UE about a mapping relationship indicating which absolute direction each beam index points to for beamforming relative direction reference. For example, the base station or TX UE can also send the absolute direction as a relative direction reference to the RX UE. For example, the absolute direction as a relative direction reference could be the line-of-sight direction of the array antenna used by the base station or TX UE. For example, information about the absolute direction or relative direction mapping relationship for each beam index can be broadcast to neighboring UEs in the form of a System Information Block (SIB).

[0302] For example, according to embodiments of this disclosure, when the RX UE learns its own location, it can estimate the beam index required for the base station or TX UE to perform beamforming toward the geographic location to be sensed, based on the absolute / relative direction mapping relationship of each beam index of the base station or TX UE and the geographic location information to which the RX UE intends to perform sensing. The estimated beam index can then be sent to the base station or TX UE to request the transmission of a sensing signal in the direction of that beam index. For example, the RX UE can send the geographic location information to be sensed to the base station or TX UE so that the base station or TX UE can determine the beam index of the beam to be transmitted toward that geographic location.

[0303] For example, the RX UE can receive the beam with the strongest received signal along the line-of-sight direction from the TX UE. Figure 17 (Sdirect in the context of RX UE), and can be based on the Sdirect direction, based on the distance and direction from the RX UE to the geographic location of interest for sensing ( Figure 17 The angle shown in the figure is estimated using Sreflect (in the image). And can be at this angle The signal is sent to the TX UE. For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the TX UE can determine the angle from the beam index with the strongest received signal power reported by the RX UE. The corresponding beam index is used, and sensing signals can be transmitted by performing beamforming in the direction of the determined beam index. For example, according to embodiments of this disclosure, even without information on the location of the RX UE and TX UE, the RX UE and TX UE can implement bistatic radar functionality by transmitting sensing signals to the geographic location where the RX UE intends to perform sensing and receiving signals reflected from the object.

[0304] For example, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the RX UE can perform RTT-based positioning with the TX UE to obtain the distance between the TX UE and the RX UE. It can also measure the reception time difference between a signal reflected by an object present at the geographic location to be sensed (e.g., Sreflect) and a sensing signal received by the TX UE via LOS (e.g., Sdirect). Based on the RTT measurements, the reflection path time from the TX UE to the RX UE can be estimated. For example, based on the reflection path time values, an ellipse representing the potential location of the object with the TX UE and RX UE as two foci can be determined. Furthermore, when the RX UE estimates the relative distance from its own location to the geographic location to be sensed, the relative distance and relative direction from the RX UE to the detected object can be estimated.

[0305] For example, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, when Figure 17When the TX entity in the code is a base station, the above operations also apply. Simply interpret the above operations as base station operations rather than TX UE operations to achieve the same bistatic radar function.

[0306] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system and operating method are proposed, wherein a UE sends information about the geographic location to be sensed to an entity that sends sensing signals for performing bistatic radar functions, and performs bistatic radar based on signals sent by the entity and received after reflection from an object.

[0307] Optimal communication links can be guaranteed by selecting the optimal transmission beam solely based on power measurement and directional angle identification. This allows for efficient operation even in environments where the UE is mobile or its location is not fixed, thus improving the adaptability of the communication system. Furthermore, it reduces reliance on complex positioning mechanisms or additional location-based data, simplifying system design and operation. The optimal transmission beam can be determined quickly and accurately, improving resource utilization efficiency and overall system performance. Therefore, robust and efficient beamforming is ensured, enhancing the reliability and quality of wireless communication even under challenging and dynamic conditions.

[0308] For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for service types. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for (LCH or service) priorities. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI parameters. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) with SL HARQ feedback enabled. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) that are disabled for SL HARQ feedback. Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for CBR measurements of resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL broadcast types (e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL multicast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK feedback only, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK feedback based solely on TX-RX distance). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for whether a PSFCH resource is configured in a resource pool. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for source (L2) IDs.For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the destination (L2) ID. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the connection state (with the base station) (e.g., RRC connection state, idle state, inactive state). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL HARQ process (ID). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether SL DRX operation (TX UE or RX UE) is performed. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether the UE is an energy-saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX (beyond UE capacity)) overlap (and / or PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are skipped) (from the perspective of a specific UE). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives (re)transmissions of PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) from the TX UE.

[0309] For example, in this disclosure, the term "configured / specified (or designated / assigned)" can be extended to / interpreted as the base station notifying the UE (and / or being provided by pre-configuration and / or the UE notifying other UEs by pre-defined (physical layer or higher) channels / signals (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE)).

[0310] For example, in this disclosure, the term "PSFCH" can be extended to / interpreted as (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Furthermore, the methods proposed in this disclosure can be used in combination with each other (as a novel approach).

[0311] For example, in this disclosure, a specific threshold may refer to a threshold predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network (including the application layer), the base station, or the UE. For example, in this disclosure, a specific configuration value may refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network, base station, or UE (including the application layer). For example, network / base station configuration operations may refer to the base station (pre-)configuring the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, or the base station configuring / signaling the UE via MAC CE, or the base station signaling the UE via DCI.

[0312] Figure 18 A method for performing wireless communication using a first apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 18 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0313] refer to Figure 18 In step S1810, the first device can receive information related to at least one transmitted beam from the second device. In step S1820, the first device can identify the transmitted beam with the maximum received power among the at least one transmitted beam. In step S1830, the first device can estimate the angle between the transmitted beam with the maximum received power and the sensing position. In step S1840, the first device can send the index of the transmitted beam with the maximum received power and angle-related information to the second device. In step S1850, the first device can receive the reflected signal based on the signal for sensing sent by the second device to the sensing position from an object at the sensing position.

[0314] For example, the transmit beam with the maximum received power can be the transmit beam with the maximum received reference signal power (RSRP) among at least one transmit beam.

[0315] For example, the position and orientation of an object can be estimated based on the time difference between the reception time of the signal associated with the transmitted beam with the maximum received power and the reception time of the signal reflected from the object.

[0316] For example, the position and orientation of an object can be estimated based on an ellipse determined by the time difference between the reception time of the signal associated with the transmitted beam with maximum received power and the reception time of the signal reflected from the object.

[0317] For example, the first device may send to the second device the index of at least one transmit beam whose received power is second only to the transmit beam with the highest received power.

[0318] For example, information associated with at least one transmit beam may include a beam index for at least one transmit beam.

[0319] For example, the index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information are used in bistatic radar.

[0320] For example, the second device could be the transmitting UE.

[0321] For example, the second device could be a base station.

[0322] For example, information associated with at least one transmit beam may include information related to the mapping between the beam index for at least one transmit beam and the absolute direction for at least one transmit beam.

[0323] For example, information relating to the mapping between the beam index for at least one transmit beam and the absolute direction for at least one transmit beam can be included in the System Information Block (SIB).

[0324] For example, SIBs can receive data via broadcast.

[0325] For example, the transmit beam with the maximum received power can be the transmit beam that is related to the line-of-sight (LOS) between the first device and the second device.

[0326] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, the proposed method can be applied to an apparatus.

[0327] First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive information related to at least one transmit beam from the second device. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can identify the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam. Additionally, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can estimate the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power and angle-related information to the second device. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive the reflected signal based on the reflection of a signal sent by the second device to the sensing position from an object at the sensing position.

[0328] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a first apparatus suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the first apparatus to perform operations including: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second apparatus; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, the transmit beam with the maximum receive power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and a sensing location; transmitting to the second apparatus an index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second apparatus to the sensing location being reflected from an object at the sensing location.

[0329] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, the transmit beam with the maximum receive power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and a sensing position; transmitting to the second device an index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position being reflected from an object at the sensing position.

[0330] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, these instructions, upon execution, can cause a first device to perform operations including: receiving information related to at least one transmit beam from a second device; identifying, among the at least one transmit beam, a transmit beam having the maximum receive power; estimating the angle between the transmit beam having the maximum receive power and a sensing position; transmitting to the second device an index of the transmit beam having the maximum receive power and angle-related information; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal transmitted by the second device to the sensing position for sensing being reflected from an object at the sensing position.

[0331] Figure 19 A method for performing wireless communication using a second apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 19 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0332] refer to Figure 19In step S1910, the second device may send information related to at least one transmit beam to the first device. In step S1920, the second device may receive from the first device the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam, and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. In step S1930, the second device may send a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0333] For example, the transmit beam with the maximum received power can be the transmit beam with the maximum received reference signal power (RSRP) among at least one transmit beam.

[0334] For example, the position and orientation of an object can be estimated based on the time difference between the reception time of the signal associated with the transmitted beam with the maximum received power and the reception time of the signal reflected from the object.

[0335] For example, the position and orientation of an object can be estimated based on an ellipse determined by the time difference between the reception time of the signal associated with the transmitted beam with maximum received power and the reception time of the signal reflected from the object.

[0336] For example, the second device can receive from the first device the index of the beam whose received power is second only to the transmitted beam with the highest received power among at least one transmitted beam.

[0337] For example, information associated with at least one transmit beam may include a beam index for at least one transmit beam.

[0338] For example, the index of the transmit beam with the maximum receive power and angle-related information can be used for bistatic radar.

[0339] For example, the second device could be the transmitting UE.

[0340] For example, the second device could be a base station.

[0341] For example, information associated with at least one transmit beam may include information related to the mapping between the beam index for at least one transmit beam and the absolute direction for at least one transmit beam.

[0342] For example, information relating to the mapping between the beam index for at least one transmit beam and the absolute direction for at least one transmit beam can be included in the System Information Block (SIB).

[0343] For example, SIBs can receive data via broadcast.

[0344] For example, the transmit beam with the maximum received power can be the transmit beam that is related to the line-of-sight (LOS) between the first device and the second device.

[0345] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, the proposed method can be applied to an apparatus. First, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit information related to at least one transmit beam to the first apparatus. Furthermore, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive from the first apparatus the index of the transmit beam with the highest received power among the at least one transmit beam, and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest received power and the sensing position. Additionally, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0346] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a second device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: transmitting information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the highest receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest receive power and a sensing position; and transmitting a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0347] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: sending information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the highest receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest receive power and a sensing position; and sending a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0348] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, these instructions, upon execution, can cause a second device to perform operations including: sending information related to at least one transmit beam to a first device; receiving from the first device an index of the transmit beam with the highest receive power and information related to the angle between the transmit beam with the highest receive power and a sensing position; and sending a signal for sensing to the sensing position.

[0349] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0350] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0351] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0352] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0353] Figure 20 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0354] Reference Figure 20 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0355] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0356] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0357] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0358] Figure 21 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0359] Reference Figure 21 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 20 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0360] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0361] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0362] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0363] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0364] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0365] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operating procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0366] Figure 22 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 22 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0367] Reference Figure 22 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 22 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 21The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement this. Figure 22 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 21 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 21 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0368] Can be via Figure 22 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0369] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0370] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0371] Able to be with Figure 22 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 21 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not shown) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0372] Figure 23 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 20 ). Figure 23 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0373] Reference Figure 23 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 21 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 21 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 21The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0374] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 20 100a), vehicles ( Figure 20 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 20 100c), handheld device ( Figure 20 100d), home appliances ( Figure 20 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 20 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 20 400), BS ( Figure 20 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0375] exist Figure 23In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0376] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 23 Examples.

[0377] Figure 24 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 24 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0378] Reference Figure 24 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 23 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0379] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0380] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0381] Figure 25 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 25 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0382] Reference Figure 25 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 23 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0383] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0384] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0385] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method performed by a first device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving, from a second device, information related to at least one transmission beam; identifying, among the at least one transmission beam, a transmission beam having a maximum reception power; estimating an angle between the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a sensing location; transmitting, to the second device, an index of the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and information related to the angle; and receiving a reflected signal based on the reflected signal being reflected from an object in the sensing location based on a signal for sensing transmitted by the second device to the sensing location. 2.The method of claim 1, the transmission beam having the maximum reception power is a transmission beam having a maximum reference signal reception power (RSRP) among the at least one transmission beam. wherein 3.The method of claim 1, a position and an orientation of the object are estimated based on a time difference between a reception time of a signal related to the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a reception time of a signal reflected from the object. wherein, 4.The method of claim 1, a position and an orientation of the object are estimated based on an ellipse determined from a time difference between a reception time of a signal related to the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a reception time of a signal reflected from the object. wherein 5.The method of claim 1, the method further comprising: transmitting, to the second device, an index of a beam having a reception power next to the transmission beam having the maximum reception power among the at least one transmission beam. 6.The method of claim 1, the information related to the at least one transmission beam includes a beam index for the at least one transmission beam. wherein 7.The method of claim 1, transmitting the index of the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and the information related to the angle is for a bistatic radar. wherein 8.The method of claim 1, the second device is a transmitting UE. wherein 9.The method of claim 1, the second device is a base station. wherein, 10.The method of claim 6, the information related to the at least one transmission beam includes information related to a mapping relationship between the beam index for the at least one transmission beam and an absolute direction for the at least one transmission beam. wherein, 11.The method of claim 10, the information related to the mapping relationship between the beam index for the at least one transmission beam and the absolute direction for the at least one transmission beam is included in a system information block (SIB). wherein, 12.The method of claim 11, the SIB is received in a broadcast manner. wherein 13.The method of claim 1, the transmission beam having the maximum reception power is a transmission beam related to a line of sight (LOS) between the first device and the second device. wherein, ​ 14.A first apparatus adapted to perform wireless communication, the first apparatus comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a second apparatus, information related to at least one transmission beam; identifying, among the at least one transmission beam, a transmission beam having a maximum reception power; estimating an angle between the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a sensing location; transmitting, to the second apparatus, an index of the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and information related to the angle; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal for sensing transmitted by the second apparatus to the sensing location being reflected from an object in the sensing location. 15.A processing apparatus adapted to control a first apparatus, the processing apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a second apparatus, information related to at least one transmission beam; identifying, among the at least one transmission beam, a transmission beam having a maximum reception power; estimating an angle between the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a sensing location; transmitting, to the second apparatus, an index of the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and information related to the angle; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal for sensing transmitted by the second apparatus to the sensing location being reflected from an object in the sensing location. 16.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, based on being executed, cause a first apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a second apparatus, information related to at least one transmission beam; identifying, among the at least one transmission beam, a transmission beam having a maximum reception power; estimating an angle between the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a sensing location; transmitting, to the second apparatus, an index of the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and information related to the angle; and receiving a reflected signal based on a signal for sensing transmitted by the second apparatus to the sensing location being reflected from an object in the sensing location. 17.A method performed by a second apparatus in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting, to a first apparatus, information related to at least one transmission beam; receiving, from the first apparatus, an index of a transmission beam having a maximum reception power among the at least one transmission beam and information related to an angle between the transmission beam having the maximum reception power and a sensing location; and transmitting, to the sensing location, a signal for sensing. 18.A second apparatus adapted to perform wireless communication, the second apparatus comprising: at least one transceiver; ​ ​ at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations comprising: sending, to a first device, information related to at least one transmit beam; receiving, from the first device, an index of a transmit beam having a greatest receive power among the at least one transmit beam and information related to an angle between the transmit beam having the greatest receive power and a sensing location; and sending, to the sensing location, a signal for sensing.

19. A processing device adapted to control a second device, the processing device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations comprising: sending, to a first device, information related to at least one transmit beam; receiving, from the first device, an index of a transmit beam having a greatest receive power among the at least one transmit beam and information related to an angle between the transmit beam having the greatest receive power and a sensing location; and sending, to the sensing location, a signal for sensing.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, based on execution, cause a second device to perform operations comprising: sending, to a first device, information related to at least one transmit beam; receiving, from the first device, an index of a transmit beam having a greatest receive power among the at least one transmit beam and information related to an angle between the transmit beam having the greatest receive power and a sensing location; and sending, to the sensing location, a signal for sensing. ​

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