Lubricating grease

Abstract

The invention relates to a grease containing a) from 50 wt% to 95.8 wt%, based on the total weight of the grease, of at least one base oil, b) from 4 wt% to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the grease, of at least one thickener selected from the group consisting of urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, in particular lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, the invention relates to a lubricating grease comprising a) a metal single soap, in particular a lithium single soap, of elements of the first main group of the periodic table, and mixtures thereof, c) from 0.2 wt% to 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricating grease, of at least one semi-crystalline poly-alpha-olefin having at least one melting peak, measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3: 2018, higher than 10 DEG C and a crystallinity of from 15% to 45%, and c) from 0.2 wt% to 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricating grease, of at least one semi-crystalline poly-alpha-olefin having at least one melting peak, measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3: 2018. Wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline poly-alpha-olefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline poly-alpha-olefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3: 2018 and dividing the melting enthalpy by 2.93 J / g.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a grease with high shear stability, and its use for lubricating the surfaces of sliding parts. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a tribological system using the grease, and a tribological system comprising the grease. Background Technology

[0002] Lubricants are an essential component in many industrial processes involving two or more closely contacting surfaces. Their applications are extremely broad, including automotive lubricants, lubricants for two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines, diesel engine lubricants, gas turbine oils, automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, and more.

[0003] Lubricants can be formulated into lubricating oils or greases. Industrial lubricants mainly include industrial gear oils, pneumatic tool lubricants, high-temperature oils, air and gas compressor oils for all types of compressors, machine tool oils, textile oils, turbine oils, hydraulic oils, paper machine oils, food machinery oils, steam cylinder oils, and metalworking fluids for metal cutting, rolling, drawing, forging, and stamping. In addition to lubricating oils, greases also include one or more thickeners.

[0004] Grease typically contains several substances (such as additives, thickeners, oils, auxiliaries, and polymers) used to adjust the properties of the grease and modify its function on components.

[0005] Grease is commonly used to lubricate bearings. Bearings are machine components used to guide components that can move relative to each other. Machine components are those that perform the same or similar functions in different machines and equipment, and therefore always exist in the same or similar forms. Bearings can be classified according to their possible degrees of freedom of movement into radial bearings, thrust bearings, radial shaft bearings, and linear bearings. Bearings can also be classified according to their working principle. In linear bearings, the components moving relative to each other are in direct contact; in rolling bearings, the components moving relative to each other are not in direct contact but are separated by rolling elements. Rolling bearings can be roller bearings or ball bearings. Roller bearings can be needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, and self-aligning roller bearings. During the manufacturing process, bearings are usually filled with grease, which is held in the bearing or guide component by appropriate sealing elements.

[0006] An important criterion for grease is its shear stability. Shear stability is a mechanical property derived from structural stability. Shear stress typically leads to irreversible damage or change in grease. Shear stability represents the grease's resistance to shear stress. Low shear stability manifests as a significant or rapid decrease in grease consistency under shear stress.

[0007] The consequences of reduced consistency include: negative impacts on lubricant film thickness and load-bearing capacity, increased wear on components, and shortened service life of the grease and the lubricated components.

[0008] To enhance shear stability, modified preparation processes or specific shear-stabilizing thickener solutions are currently used in practice, which increase the viscosity of the base oil in the grease.

[0009] For example, to achieve a higher base oil viscosity in grease, a high-viscosity base oil component is used.

[0010] In practice, using specific additives to improve shear stability is not common. However, such additives are ideal because they allow for the preservation of existing preparation processes and grease formulations, and also allow the use of base oils with low base viscosity.

[0011] The use of polymers in greases is well-known. These polymers are commonly used to improve viscosity / temperature characteristics, enhance viscosity and adhesion properties (tackifiers), or thicken greases.

[0012] DE 10 2017 222 515 A1 discloses an oil composition containing a polyamide oligomer that acts as a thickener.

[0013] EP 17050209 B1 and EP 1721959 A2 describe the use of microgels as additive carriers, for example, in greases, and as rheology additives.

[0014] EP 1099717 A1 describes the use of star-shaped polymers to improve the viscosity index of greases.

[0015] WO 2012 / 055821 A1 describes the use of polymer fibers as thickeners for lubricating greases.

[0016] EP 079559701 A1 describes the use of combinations of polymers with melting points >200°C with copolymers and homopolymers of propylene as thickeners.

[0017] EP 1730256 B1 describes functionalized polymers that act as thickener components.

[0018] US 8975218 B2 describes a combination of two polymers (ethylene-propylene copolymer and styrene-isoprene copolymer) in lithium soap grease to reduce oil separation at high temperatures.

[0019] EP 0942063 B1 describes the use of polyolefin components, such as polypropylene, in combination with rubber components as thickeners for greases.

[0020] None of the cited literature provides a solution for enhancing the shear stability of grease by adding additives. Summary of the Invention

[0021] The purpose of this invention is to provide a grease with high shear stability, and to retain existing preparation processes and grease formulations during the preparation of the grease.

[0022] The solution of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned objective is a lubricating grease containing... a) at least one base oil comprising 50 wt% to 95.8 wt% of the total weight of the grease. b) at least 4 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the grease, said thickener being selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soaps, and mixtures of the above substances. c) 0.2 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the grease contains a) at least one base oil comprising 50 wt% to 92 wt% of the total weight of the grease. b) at least 4 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the grease, said thickener being selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soaps, and mixtures of the above substances. c) at least one semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, by weight of 0.2 wt% to 40 wt% of the total grease, having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the enthalpy of melting of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. d) at least one additive different from b) and c) based on 0.5 wt% to 43 wt% of the total weight of the grease, particularly at least one solid lubricant (d1), at least one additional thickener (d2) and / or at least one auxiliary agent (d3).

[0024] In another preferred embodiment, the grease includes a) at least one base oil comprising 50 wt% to 92 wt% of the total weight of the grease. b) at least 4 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the grease, said thickener being selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soaps, and mixtures of the above substances. c) 0.2 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, based on the total weight of the grease, having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the enthalpy of melting of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g. d) at least one additional additive, different from b) and c), comprising 0.5 to 43 wt% of the total weight of the grease, including d1) at least one solid lubricant, comprising 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, and / or d2) At least one additional thickener, weighing from 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, preferably selected from aluminum monosodium phosphate, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimide, and mixtures thereof, and / or d3) At least one additive, comprising 0.5 wt% to 23 wt% of the total weight of the grease, preferably selected from antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, high-pressure additives, anti-wear agents, metal passivators, especially non-ferrous metal passivators, such as chelating agents, pour point depressants, VI modifiers, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, reactive film forming agents, adhesion promoters, conductivity modifiers, additives for reducing oil separation, and mixtures thereof.

[0025] semi-crystalline poly-α-olefins (c) According to the present invention, the grease has a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin with a crystallinity of 15% to 45%. To determine the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, the enthalpy of fusion of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is first determined according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, and the obtained enthalpy of fusion is divided by 2.93 J / g.

[0026] The value of 2.93 J / g is derived from the enthalpy of melt of 100% crystalline polyethylene (UHMWPE). That is, the crystallinity of this semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is based on 100% crystalline polyethylene. The enthalpy of melt of 100% crystalline polyethylene can be determined according to ASTM F 2625-10 (2016). The enthalpy of melt obtained in this case is 293 J / g. To make the crystallinity of this semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin based on 100% crystalline polyethylene (UHMWPE), the enthalpy of melt of this polyalphaolefin, determined according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, is divided by the enthalpy of melt of 100% crystalline polyethylene, i.e., divided by 293 J / g, and then multiplied by 100. This is equivalent to dividing by 2.93 J / g. The semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin of the present invention has at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. This distinguishes it from conventional polyalphaolefins used as base oils.

[0027] This invention unexpectedly discovered that by using a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin with a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, combined with a thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps (especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, and calcium complex soaps), metal single soaps of Group I elements in the periodic table (especially lithium single soaps), and mixtures thereof, the shear stability of grease can be improved. Accordingly, in specific experiments, it was unexpectedly found that combining the thickener used according to this invention with the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin significantly improves shear stability, while combining calcium soap, which acts as a thickener, with the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin does not improve shear stability but rather leads to a decrease in shear stability.

[0028] Without determining the specific mechanism, it is speculated that the combination of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% with a selected thickener can produce structure-imparting properties or improve the structure-imparting properties already present in the grease, thus producing the observed effect of improved shear stability.

[0029] Further speculation suggests that polyalphaolefins with crystallinity outside the claimed range do not enhance shear stability because they do not interact with thickeners. Specifically, polyalphaolefins with crystallinity below 15% appear to interact primarily with base oils rather than thickeners, while polyalphaolefins with crystallinity above 45% show no significant interaction with either base oils or thickeners.

[0030] The preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin has a crystallinity of 20% to 35%, wherein the crystallinity is determined by measuring the enthalpy of melting of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g.

[0031] Suitable semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins include oligomers and / or polymers of alpha-olefins. For example, semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% can be prepared by oligomerization or polymerization of starting materials comprising alpha-olefins and inner olefins. As is known to those skilled in the art, crystallinity can be adjusted, for example by appropriately selecting the starting materials, particularly the chain length of the alpha-olefins used, their proportion, the catalyst, and / or the reaction conditions.

[0032] The semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin used in this invention is also commercially available, for example, under the trademark Vybar. ® 260 or Vybar ® C-6112. Semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins, such as Vybar, have also been described in US 2004 / 0040200 A1 and US 4 224 204 A. ® 260. The semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins with a crystallinity of 15% to 45% used according to the present invention may contain only a single type of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, or may contain different types of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins. The crystallinity of the different types of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins may vary, provided that the crystallinity of each is 15% to 45% (determined by measuring the enthalpy of melting of the polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 (April 2019) and dividing by 2.93 J / g). Other parameters of the different semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins, such as molecular weight, chain length, and / or degree of branching, may also vary.

[0033] As previously mentioned, the semi-crystalline polyα-olefin can be prepared by polymerization or oligomerization of starting materials containing olefins (including α-olefins and internal olefins).

[0034] The olefin (α-olefin and / or internal olefin) used to prepare the semi-crystalline polyα-olefin preferably has at least 14 carbon atoms. Preferably, the olefin has 14 to 50, more preferably 14 to 44, more preferably 14 to 30, more preferably 16 to 50, more preferably 16 to 44, more preferably 16 to 30, and particularly preferably 20 to 24 carbon atoms.

[0035] The α-olefin may have an RCH=CH2 or R2C=CH2 structure. Preferably, the residues R are independently alkyl groups having 14 to 50 carbons. Preferably, the starting material contains an α-olefin with the structure RCH=CH2. Suitable α-olefins include, for example, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosahexadecene, and 1-docosahexadecene. Mixtures of these substances are commonly used. The α-olefin may be straight-chain or branched.

[0036] This olefin can be prepared by various different methods, such as by polymerizing olefins like ethylene in the presence of a Ziegler-type catalyst.

[0037] Internal alkenes have at least one double bond within the molecule, such as β-alkenes or γ-alkenes.

[0038] The starting material may also have other common components for polymerizable compositions, such as polymerization catalysts.

[0039] In the case of obtaining a semi-crystalline polyα-olefin with a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, the polymerization of the starting material containing the olefin can be carried out using conventional methods. Suitable methods include free radical polymerization (where conventional free radical methods such as thermal decomposition, photoinitiation, electrochemical initiation, etc. are used, as well as the use of chemical free radical initiators such as azo or diazo compounds, peroxides or hydroperoxides, etc.), coordination polymerization, etc.

[0040] Particularly preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins have an acid value of 10 mg KOH / g to 120 mg KOH / g, preferably 40 mg KOH / g to 100 mg KOH / g, as measured according to ASTM D664-18e1. This acid value is based on the acid groups contained in the polyalphaolefin. In specific tests, these types of semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins have proven to be particularly effective.

[0041] Particularly preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins are mixtures of at least two different semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins, wherein at least one semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin has an acid value of 10 mg KOH / g to 120 mg KOH / g, preferably 40 mg KOH / g to 100 mg KOH / g, as determined by ASTM D664-18e1, and at least one other semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin has an acid value of less than 10 mg KOH / g, as determined by ASTM D664-18e1.

[0042] A particularly preferred semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is Vybar, sold by Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Petrolite Polymers Division). ® C-6112®.

[0043] The preferred semi-crystalline polyα-olefins of the present invention have a number-average molecular weight Mn greater than 2500 g / mol, as measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, for example, from 2500 g / mol to 37000 g / mol, more preferably from 2500 g / mol to 5600 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 g / mol to 5600 g / mol.

[0044] Preferably, the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is waxy at room temperature (20°C). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solidification point of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, as determined according to DIN ISO 2207:1983-12, is between 60°C and about 90°C. Furthermore, the viscosity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, as measured according to ASTM D3236-15(2021) at 100°C, is between 30 cPs and 1800 cPs, preferably between about 80 cPs and 220 cPs.

[0045] The amount of the semi-crystalline poly-α-olefin, based on the total weight of the grease, is preferably in the range of 1 wt% to 25 wt%, more preferably in the range of 3 wt% to 20 wt%, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0046] Thickener b) According to the present invention, the grease comprises at least one thickener b), selected from urea thickener, metal complex soaps, especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table, especially lithium single soaps, and mixtures of the above substances.

[0047] The preferred thickener b) is selected from urea thickener, lithium complex soap, lithium single soap, and mixtures thereof.

[0048] Thickeners are solid substances (insoluble solids) that are nearly or completely insoluble in base oils and act as thickeners. Adding thickeners can transform lubricating oils into greases. Grease is a composition (at room temperature, 20°C) containing both liquid and solid phases. The consistency of grease can be determined according to standardized measurement methods, in the form of the so-called working cone penetration according to DIN ISO 2137 (2020). After the grease has been processed by a grease kneader or grease roller, the working cone penetration is measured using a cone penetration meter. This working cone penetration is defined as the depth of penetration of a standard cone under specific conditions. The measured cone penetration is then correlated with the defined NLGI grade (NLGI = National Lubricating Grease Institute) according to DIN 51818 (1.12 1981). In measurements according to DIN ISO 2137 (2020), the working cone penetration of the grease of the present invention is preferably 85 to 475, more preferably 220 to 400 (in units of 0.1 mm).

[0049] Preferably, the proportion of thickener b) is 6 wt% to 18 wt% based on the total weight of the grease, more preferably 8 wt% to 15 wt%.

[0050] Urea thickener In a preferred embodiment, the grease contains a urea thickener. The advantage of a urea thickener is that it can be used at high operating temperatures. Preferably, the urea thickener is a reaction product of a monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, and / or higher functional organic isocyanate with an aliphatic and / or aromatic monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, and / or higher functional organic amine and / or mixtures thereof.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the urea thickener is an alkylated and / or arylated (oligomeric) urea. A preferred urea thickener is a reaction product of at least one diisocyanate and at least one amine selected from monoamines, polyamines, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the diisocyanate is selected from 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-phenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyano-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyano-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, and mixtures thereof.

[0052] Preferably, the amine is selected from the group with the general formula R. a 2N-R b Monoamines, with the general formula R a 2N-R c -NRa 2 diamines and mixtures thereof, wherein R a Independently selected from hydrogen, straight-chain or branched C1-C 22 Alkyl groups and C6-C 14 Aromatic group, R b C1-C molecules independently selected from straight or branched chains 22 Alkyl groups and C6-C 14 Aromatic residues, R c It is a divalent bridging group, preferably selected from C1-C. 22 Alkylene and C6-C 14 Alpha-aryl.

[0053] Preferred urea thickeners are at least one diisocyanate (preferably 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-phenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, or 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, which can be used alone or in combination) and have the general formula (H2N). x R d The reaction product of an amine or diamine, where x = 1 or 2, and R d It is C6-C 14 Aromatic group, C1-C 22 Alkyl, C3-C 22 cycloalkyl or C1-C 22 Alkylene residues, which can be used alone or in combination.

[0054] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the urea thickener is a diisocyanate (preferably 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-phenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyano-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyano-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, which can be used alone or in combination) and a urea thickener of the general formula (H2N)1R. e The reaction product of the amine, wherein R e It is C6-C 14 Aromatic group, C1-C 22 Alkyl, C3-C 22 cycloalkyl or C1-C 22 Alkylene residues, which can be used alone or in combination.

[0055] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the urea thickener is 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with the general formula (H2N)1R. e The reaction product of the amine, preferably a mixture of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, or preferably 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and the product of the general formula (H₂N)¹R. e The reaction products of amines, a mixture of 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and the general formula (H2N)1R e The reaction product of the amine, or preferably 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with the general formula (H2N)1R e The reaction product of the amine, wherein R e It is C6-C 14 Aromatic group, C1-C 22 Alkyl, C3-C 22 cycloalkyl or C1-C 22 Alkylene residues, which can be used alone or in combination.

[0056] Metal complex soaps and metal single soaps of Group I elements in the periodic table In another preferred embodiment, the grease contains a metal complex soap and / or a metal single soap acting as a thickener (b), wherein the metal single soap is a metal single soap of a Group 1 element of the periodic table. According to the invention, calcium complex soap, aluminum complex soap, lithium complex soap, lithium single soap, and / or a mixture of the above substances are preferably used.

[0057] Suitable metal complex soaps can be obtained by reacting a metal alkali (such as hydroxides, alkoxides, oxides, or carbonates) with the following substances. e) at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component, said component being selected from unsaturated or saturated C46-carboxylic acids. 10 -C 32 Monocarboxylic acids, or unsaturated or saturated C 10 -C 32 Hydroxymonocarboxylic acid, and the C 10 -C 32 Monocarboxylic acids and C 10 -C 32 Derivatives of hydroxymonocarboxylic acids, preferably their esters and mixtures, and f) At least one complexing agent.

[0058] For components e) and f), the preferred esters are methyl esters and / or triglycerides, which are independent of each other. The preferred metal base is a metal hydroxide, preferably lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and / or a metal alkoxide, preferably an aluminum alkoxide.

[0059] The aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component e) is preferably selected from saturated or unsaturated C464. 12 -C 22 Monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C 12 -C 22 Hydroxy monocarboxylic acids and their esters, as well as mixtures thereof. Specifically, such monocarboxylic acids and hydroxy monocarboxylic acids (e) are selected from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, docosanoic acid, stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, preferably 12-hydroxystearic acid, 17-hydroxystearic acid, 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, sebacic acid monostearamide, terephthalic acid monostearamide, their esters (especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures thereof.

[0060] Furthermore, the carboxylic acid component e) particularly preferably contains a mixture of different carboxylic acids and / or their esters.

[0061] The complexing agent f) is preferably selected from saturated or unsaturated C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C4 monocarboxylic acids. 36 Dicarboxylic acid, preferably C4-C 36 Dicarboxylic acids, especially C2-C 16 Dicarboxylic acid, saturated or unsaturated C4-C 60 Tricarboxylic acid, preferably C4-C 36 Tricarboxylic acid, having four or more carboxylic acid groups, preferably saturated or unsaturated C6-C. 60 Carboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxy monocarboxylic acids, C4-C 36 Aromatic carboxylic acids, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), inorganic acids (especially boric acid, phosphoric acid) and organic phosphoric acid, and mixtures of the above substances.

[0062] The complexing agent f) is more preferably selected from saturated or unsaturated C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C3 monocarboxylic acids. 36 Dicarboxylic acid, preferably C4-C 36 Dicarboxylic acids, especially C2-C 16 Dicarboxylic acid, saturated or unsaturated C4-C 60 Tricarboxylic acid, preferably C4-C 36 Tricarboxylic acid, having four or more carboxylic acid groups, preferably saturated or unsaturated C6-C. 60 Carboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxy monocarboxylic acids, C4-C 36 Aromatic carboxylic acids, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures thereof.

[0063] Particularly suitable dicarboxylic acids (f) include adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, 3-tert-butyladipic acid, and their esters and mixtures. Hydroxybenzoic acids are also particularly suitable as component (f), such as salicylic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-hexylbenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid. Particularly suitable C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids include lactic acid, acetic acid, and / or propionic acid.

[0064] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from aliphatic C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids, aliphatic C4-C... 36 Dicarboxylic acid, aliphatic C4-C 36 Tricarboxylic acid, C4-C 36 Aromatic carboxylic acids, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures thereof.

[0065] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid; azelaic acid, sebacic acid, octanoic acid, terephthalic acid, dodecanoic acid, highly functional carboxylic acids having three or more (preferably three to four) carboxylic acid groups, wherein the number of carbons may be 6 to 60, preferably citric acid and trimeric acids, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures of the above substances.

[0066] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanoic acid, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures of the above substances.

[0067] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the complexing agent f) is selected from azelaic acid, sebacic acid, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures of the above substances.

[0068] The preferred inorganic acid f) is boric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic phosphoric acid.

[0069] The aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component e) and the complexing agent f) may independently have other functional groups, preferably alcohol hydroxyl and / or amide groups, provided that the monocarboxylic acid component e) has at most one carboxyl or ester group.

[0070] A particularly preferred metal complex soap can be obtained by reacting a metal alkali with a substance selected from lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and / or metal alkoxides (preferably aluminum alkoxides). e) At least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component, selected from unsaturated or saturated C464-carboxylic acid. 10 -C 23Monocarboxylic acids, preferably stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, especially 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacic acid monostearamide, terephthalic acid monostearamide, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures of the above substances, and f) At least one complexing agent selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanoic acid, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), and mixtures of the above substances.

[0071] Metal complex soaps are preferably prepared based on mixtures of different acids and / or their esters, since technically available products typically contain such mixtures.

[0072] In another particularly preferred embodiment, a metal complex soap is prepared by reacting a metal alkali with the following substances. e1) At least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component, said component being selected from unsaturated or saturated C464-carboxylic acids. 10 -C 32 Monocarboxylic acids, their esters (especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides) and / or mixtures, and e2) At least one aliphatic unsaturated or saturated C, different from e1) 10 -C 32 Monocarboxylic acids, preferably stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, especially 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacic acid monostearamide and / or terephthalic acid monostearamide, their esters (especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides) and mixtures thereof, and f) At least one complexing agent selected from unsaturated or saturated C4-C4 complexing agents. 36 Dicarboxylic acids, preferably azelaic acid, sebacic acid, octanoic acid, terephthalic acid, dodecanoic acid, at least one unsaturated or saturated highly functional carboxylic acid having three or more (preferably three to four) carboxylic acid groups, wherein the number of carbon atoms may be 6 to 60, preferably such as citric acid and trimeric acids, their esters (especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides) and mixtures thereof.

[0073] The advantages of using lithium complex soap are that it imparts a high dropping point, good water resistance, and a wide operating temperature range to the grease. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the grease contains lithium complex soap.

[0074] Preferred lithium complex soaps contain a combination of lithium 12-hydroxystearate and dilithium azelaate and / or a combination of dilithium sebacic acid. Most preferably, the metal complex soap is a lithium complex soap containing a lithium salt of 12-hydroxystearic acid and azelaic acid or sebacic acid, particularly a combination of 12-hydroxystearic acid and azelaic acid.

[0075] In another equally preferred embodiment, the grease contains an aluminum complex soap and / or a calcium complex soap. A preferred aluminum complex soap contains aluminum stearate and aluminum benzoate. A preferred calcium complex soap contains a combination of calcium monostearyl sebacate and calcium sebacate.

[0076] Metallic soaps of Group 1 elements in the periodic table In another equally preferred embodiment, the grease contains a metallic single soap of a Group 1 element of the periodic table, particularly a lithium single soap.

[0077] Metallic single soaps can be prepared by reacting fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters with metal bases. Unlike metallic complex soaps, no complexing agent is used in the preparation of metallic single soaps, particularly a complexing agent selected from the following: saturated or unsaturated C1-C3 monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C36 dicarboxylic acids, preferably C4-C36 dicarboxylic acids, especially C2-C16 dicarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C4-C60 tricarboxylic acids, preferably C4-C36 tricarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C6-C60 carboxylic acids having four or more (preferably four) carboxylic acid groups, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxy monocarboxylic acids, C4-C36 aromatic carboxylic acids, their esters (especially their methyl esters and / or triglycerides), inorganic acids (especially boric acid, phosphoric acid) and organic phosphoric acid, and mixtures of the above substances.

[0078] Preferably, the metal monosoap contains only carboxylates in the form of monofunctional carboxylates.

[0079] Metallic single soaps are preferably prepared based on mixtures of different carboxylic acids and / or their esters, since technically available products typically contain such mixtures.

[0080] Suitable metal monosoaps are prepared by reacting a metal base (such as a hydroxide, alkoxide, oxide, or carbonate) with at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component having 4 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly 10 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably selected from unsaturated or saturated C4-C atoms. 24 Monocarboxylic acids, preferably stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, especially 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacic acid monostearamide, terephthalic acid monostearamide, their esters (especially methyl esters and / or triglycerides) and mixtures thereof.

[0081] The most preferred lithium soaps are lithium salts of stearic acid, especially lithium 12-hydroxystearate.

[0082] Base oil a) According to the present invention, the grease has a base oil comprising 50 wt% to 95.8 wt%, preferably 50 wt% to 92 wt%, more preferably 60 wt% to 92 wt%, and even more preferably 70 wt% to 90 wt% of the total weight of the grease.

[0083] Base oil refers to the conventional base fluid used in the preparation of lubricating greases, particularly oils that fall under categories I, II, II+, III, IV, or V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) classification (NLGI Spokesman, N. Samman, Vol. 70, No. 11, pp. 14 onwards). Particularly preferred base oils are selected from: esters, ethers, mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyalphaolefins and / or polyisobutylene, natural hydrocarbons, natural oils and natural oil derivatives, silicone oils, and / or mixtures of the above. This base oil differs from semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins. Preferably, the base oil is not a polyalphaolefin having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, and / or is not a polyalphaolefin having a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g.

[0084] According to the present invention, the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is not considered a base oil. However, the base oil may be a polyalphaolefin or contain polyalphaolefin (polyalphaolefin base oil), provided that the polyalphaolefin is different from the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin. Preferably, the polyalphaolefin base oil does not have a melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, and / or does not have a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g. The polyalphaolefin base oil can be distinguished from the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin based on its melting characteristics.

[0085] The base oils particularly preferred by the present invention are esters, ethers, mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably polyalphaolefin base oils (especially metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils)) and / or mixtures of the above substances.

[0086] The base oils particularly preferred in this invention are esters, ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably polyalphaolefin base oils (especially metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils)) and / or mixtures of the above substances.

[0087] In one particular embodiment, the grease contains at least one ester that serves as a base oil, selected from pentaerythritol ester, dipentaerythritol ester, trimellitate, triphenyl ester, pyromellitic ester, laminide, dimer ester, trimer ester, trimethylolpropane ester (TMP ester), neopentyl glycol ester, dicarboxylic acid ester, and mixtures thereof.

[0088] Preferred esters are carboxylic acid esters, particularly monoesters, diesters, triesters, tetraesters, pentesters, polyesters, aromatic esters, and mixtures thereof. The carboxylic acid ester preferably has a chain length of C4 to C22.

[0089] Particularly preferred esters are selected from the group consisting of: aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, or tetracarboxylic acids in single or mixed forms of C7–C. 22 Esters formed from alcohols, such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, or dipentaerythritol, and aliphatic C7 to C6 esters. 22 Esters formed from carboxylic acids, C 18 Dimeric acid and C7 to C8 22 Esters formed from alcohols, as well as complex esters and lactones.

[0090] More preferably, the base oil is selected from ethers, preferably polyphenylene ethers, diaryl ethers, triaryl ethers, polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF) and / or polyethylene glycol, preferably homopolymers and / or copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,2-epoxybutane, and preferably starting from monohydric alcohols, dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols, water and / or polyols having four, five or more alcohol OH groups. Suitable polyols are, for example, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.

[0091] In one particular embodiment, the grease of the present invention contains at least one ether acting as a base oil, said ether being selected from polyalkylene glycols (PAGs). Suitable polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) are their homopolymers, copolymers, and blends. For the purposes of this invention, the term "copolymer" also refers to a polymer (terpolymer, quaternary copolymer, etc.) composed of three, four, or more different monomers. Suitable polyalkylene glycols are polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutane glycol, and copolymers composed of two or more different epoxy alkyl copolymers. Suitable epoxy alkyl compounds for preparing polyalkylene glycols are, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and 1,2-epoxybutane and 2,3-epoxybutane. Examples of suitable copolymers are copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide, and copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and at least one butylene oxide. The epoxy alkyl copolymers may contain randomly distributed or block-distributed copolymer epoxy alkyl units.

[0092] Particularly preferred polyalkylene glycols are polypropylene oxide and / or copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

[0093] In addition, linear or branched perfluoropolyether oils (PFPE oils) are suitable as base oils. For example, perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) with the following general formula are suitable: R A -(O-CF2) v -(O-C2F4) w -(O-C3F6) x -(O-CFCF3) y -(O-CF2CF(CF3)) z -OR B Where R A With R B They may be the same or different, and are selected from -CF3, -C2F5, and -C3F7, and v, w, x, y, z are integers from ≥ 0 to 500. Commercially available PFPE oils are branded under names such as Aflunox®, Krytox®, Fomblin®, and Demnum®.

[0094] Furthermore, synthetic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, and mixtures thereof are suitable as base oils. These synthetic hydrocarbons differ from the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins used according to the present invention. Preferably, these synthetic hydrocarbons do not have a melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018, and / or do not have a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the enthalpy of melting of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g. Polyalphaolefin base oils can be distinguished from semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins based on their melting characteristics.

[0095] In addition, Group III oils are suitable as base oils. Group III oils (hydrocracked synthetic oils) are synthetic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum-based base oils, produced entirely through hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrodesulfurization. They contain at least 90% saturated compounds and at most 0.03% sulfur, with a viscosity index of at least 120.

[0096] In addition, GTL oil (natural gas synthesis oil) is suitable as a base oil. GTL oil is based on a synthesis gas composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is used to prepare long-chain hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

[0097] Preferred synthetic hydrocarbons are polyalphaolefin base oils. As mentioned above, polyalphaolefin base oils differ from the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins used according to the present invention. Polyalphaolefin base oils are also referred to as Group IV oils, and their viscosity index is typically in the range of 125 to 200. Polyalphaolefin base oils can be prepared by ethylene catalysis according to known methods, wherein a longer-chain alpha-olefin is first produced as an intermediate. Subsequently, based on this, polyalphaolefin base oils are synthesized mainly by oligomerization, wherein isoalkanes with different numbers of equal-length side chains are typically produced. Synthesis can be carried out by acid-catalyzed (conventional) or metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization (mPAO). Conventional polyalphaolefin base oils have a high degree of isomerization, while metallocene oligomerization produces products that are essentially unisomerized. Suitable polyalphaolefin base oils are, for example, oligomers of alpha-olefins, preferably dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and oligomers having five or more repeating units, as well as mixtures of these oligomers. The α-olefins used for preparing polyα-olefin base oils are preferably selected from C8-C6. 14 α-Olefins, particularly 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, and mixtures thereof. Polyalphaolefin base oils are typically mixtures of oligomers or polymers prepared from α-olefins or isomerized α-olefins.

[0098] Furthermore, silicone oil is suitable as a base oil. Dimethyl silicone oil and phenylmethyl silicone oil are preferably used as base oils.

[0099] In a specific embodiment of the invention, the base oil is a fluorine-free base oil, preferably selected from pentaerythritol ester, dipentaerythritol ester, trimellitate, triphenyl ester, pyromellitic ester, laminide, dimer ester, trimer ester, dicarboxylic acid ester, diaryl ether, polyethylene glycol, synthetic hydrocarbons, conventional polyalphaolefin base oils (PAO base oils), metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils (mPAO base oils); mineral oils, untreated and chemically modified vegetable oils, Group III oils, dimethyl silicone oil, and mixtures of the above substances. Preferred ethers are homopolymers and / or copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, and / or tetrahydrofuran (THF), preferably starting from monohydric alcohols, dihydric alcohols, and trihydric alcohols. Preferred synthetic hydrocarbons are alkylnaphthalenes and polyalphaolefin base oils.

[0100] Preferably, the base oil has a kinematic viscosity of less than 20,000 mmHg, as determined by ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s, preferably 10 mm 2 / s to 2000 mm 2 / s and particularly preferably 15 mm 2 / s to 1000 mm 2 / s, and / or, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil at 100°C, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 1 mm². 2 / s to 2000 mm 2 / s.

[0101] The preferred polyalphaolefin base oil has a kinematic viscosity of 10 mmHg, as determined by ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s to 15000 mm 2 / s, preferably 15 mm 2 / s to 10000 mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 15 mm 2 / s to 1300 mm 2 / s. The also preferred polyisobutylene base oil has a kinematic viscosity of 25 mm² at 100°C, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition). 2 / s to 15000 mm 2 / s, preferably 100mm 2 / s to 2000 mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 200mm 2 / s to 1000 mm 2 / s.

[0102] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the base oil is selected from the group consisting of: esters, preferably dipentaerythritol ester, trimellitate, triterpenoid, pyromellitic ester, laminolide, pentaerythritol ester, dimer ester, trimer ester, TMP ester, and dicarboxylic acid ester, all of which have a kinematic viscosity of 100 mmHg as measured according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s to 1200 mm 2 / s; ether, preferably polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF), polyphenylene ether, diaryl ether, triaryl ether, linear or branched perfluoropolyether oil, whose kinematic viscosity at 40°C, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 20 mm². 2 / s to 1200 mm 2 / s; polyethylene glycol, preferably a homopolymer and / or copolymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, preferably starting from water, monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol and / or trihydric alcohol, having a kinematic viscosity of 20 mmHg as determined by ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s to 46000 mm 2 / s; synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably alkylnaphthalene, polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil, or metallocene polyalphaolefin (mPAO) base oil, all having a kinematic viscosity of 10 mmHg as measured according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s to 20000 mm 2 / s; Group III oil, with a kinematic viscosity of 10 mm² as determined by ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s to 100 mm 2 / s, dimethyl silicone oil, aryl silicone oil, preferably alkylaryl silicone oil, particularly preferably methyl / aryl silicone oil and fully arylated silicone oil, all having a kinematic viscosity of 10 mmHg as determined by ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) at 40°C. 2 / s to 1200mm 2 / s, and / or its kinematic viscosity as determined according to DIN 53019 (September 2008 edition) at 25°C, is 20 to 2,000,000 mm³ / s. 2 / s, the above substances can be used alone or in combination.

[0103] Other additives The grease may include a variety of additives other than thickener (b) and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin (c).

[0104] If a component used as an additive in the grease of the present invention has several functions, such as acting as both a thickener and a coefficient of friction modifier, it is accordingly referred to as a multipurpose additive in this application, and is fully accounted for in terms of quantity in each of these additive components.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the grease contains 0.5 to 43 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 30 wt%, more preferably 3 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one additive d) different from the thickener b) and the semi-crystalline poly-α-olefin c), particularly at least one solid lubricant (d1), at least one additional thickener (d2) different from the thickener b), and / or at least one auxiliary agent (d3), based on the total weight of the grease.

[0106] Particularly preferably, the grease contains 0.5 wt% to 43 wt% of at least one additional additive d) different from b) and c) based on the total weight of the grease, which includes d1) at least one solid lubricant, comprising 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, and / or d2) at least one additional thickener, different from b), at 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, preferably selected from aluminum monosodium phosphate, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimide, and mixtures thereof, and / or d3) At least one additive, comprising 0.5 wt% to 23 wt% of the total weight of the grease.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the grease contains at least one solid lubricant (d1) at 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease. The solid lubricant (d1) may be, in particular, PTFE, metal oxides, metal carbonates (especially calcium carbonate), metal phosphates, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and mixtures thereof.

[0108] In another preferred embodiment, the grease contains at least one additional thickener (d2) different from b) by weight of 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, preferably selected from aluminum monosodium phosphate, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimide, and mixtures thereof.

[0109] In another preferred embodiment, the grease contains at least one additive (d3) at a weight of 0.5 wt% to 23 wt% of the total weight of the grease.

[0110] Additives may be antioxidants, preservatives, high-pressure additives, anti-wear agents, metal passivators (especially non-ferrous metal passivators, such as chelating agents), pour point depressants, VI modifiers, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, reactive film forming agents, adhesion promoters, conductivity modifiers (especially ionic liquids), additives for reducing oil separation, and mixtures of the above substances.

[0111] Corrosion inhibitor The grease of the present invention may contain at least one preservative acting as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0112] Preservatives neutralize acidic reaction products, such as those derived from base oil oxidation or additive degradation. This reduces or prevents corrosion. Suitable preservatives include salts of various acids, such as sulfonates, naphthenates, carboxylates, ammonium phosphates, succinate half-esters, or polyol esters. The preservative is preferably selected from calcium sulfonate (preferably "over-alkalized" calcium sulfonate with a base number (TBN) of 100 to 500 mg KOH / g), amine-neutralized phosphates, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, oxazoline derivatives, imidazole derivatives, succinate half-esters, benzotriazoles, N-alkylated benzotriazoles, and mixtures thereof.

[0113] Preferably, the grease contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of at least one preservative (d3) based on the total weight of the grease.

[0114] antioxidants The grease of the present invention may contain at least one antioxidant that acts as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0115] Antioxidants help improve the resistance of lubrication points to aging caused by oxidation and / or thermal stress. Oxidation produces acids and oil-insoluble components that can form impurities that may deposit at lubrication points.

[0116] Suitable antioxidants are aromatic amine antioxidants, such as alkylated phenyl-α-naphthylamine, dialkyl diphenylamine, aralkylated diphenylamine, hindered phenols (such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)), bis-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives, sulfur-containing hindered phenols, sulfur-containing hindered bisphenols, and mixtures of the above substances.

[0117] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of an antioxidant based on the total weight of the grease composition.

[0118] Metal passivating agent The grease of the present invention may contain at least one metal passivating agent (an additive used to prevent metal interference) that acts as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0119] Different metals, such as copper and its compounds, act as catalysts for peroxide formation, thereby promoting oxidation. Suitable metal passivators are chelating agents that passivate the metal surface. Non-limiting examples of metal passivators are triazoles or thiadiazoles, specifically aryltriazoles (such as benzotriazole and methylbenzotriazole), alkyl derivatives of such triazoles, and alkyl derivatives of benzothiadiazoles (such as R(C6H3)N2S, where R represents H or a C1 to C10 alkyl group).

[0120] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of a metal passivator based on the total weight of the grease composition.

[0121] anti-wear agent The grease of the present invention may contain at least one anti-wear agent that acts as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0122] Anti-wear agents are used to prevent wear caused by tribological processes such as fluid friction and mixed friction.

[0123] The anti-wear agent is preferably selected from amine-neutralized phosphates, alkylated and non-alkylated triaryl phosphates, alkylated and non-alkylated triaryl thiophosphates, dialkyl dithiophosphate Zn, Mo or W salts, diaryl dithiophosphate Zn, Mo or W salts, carbamates, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamate Zn, Mo or W esters, dimercaptothiadiazoles, organoborates, organophosphates, and mixtures of the above substances.

[0124] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of an anti-wear agent based on the total weight of the grease composition.

[0125] Viscosity index improver The grease of the present invention may contain at least one viscosity index improver (VI improver) that acts as an additive (d3).

[0126] Examples of VI modifiers include olefin copolymers, polyalkyl methacrylates, and dispersed olefin copolymers.

[0127] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of at least the total weight of the grease composition, of at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt%.

[0128] High pressure additives The grease of the present invention may contain at least one high-pressure additive (extreme pressure agent) that acts as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0129] High-pressure additives act as film-forming agents and / or surfactants. Preferred high-pressure additives are selected from thiophosphates (such as zinc dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiophosphate oxysulfide), molybdenum amine compounds, sulfur compounds (such as sulfurized oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized fatty acid esters, alkylated polysulfides), and mixtures of the above substances.

[0130] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt%, of at least the total weight of the grease composition.

[0131] Pour point depressant The grease of the present invention may contain at least one pour point depressant that acts as an auxiliary agent (d3).

[0132] Preferred pour point depressants are selected from linear or branched, alkylated, acrylated, and / or aliphatic polymers and copolymers, which may be used alone or in combination. A specific example of a pour point depressant is polyalkyl methacrylate.

[0133] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of a pour point depressant based on the total weight of the grease composition.

[0134] Adhesion promoter The grease of the present invention may contain at least one adhesion promoter that acts as an adjuvant (d3).

[0135] Preferred additives for improving adhesion are selected from long-chain polar polymers, which enhance the adhesion of lubricating oil or grease to the surface to be lubricated.

[0136] Preferably, the grease of the present invention contains at least 0.1 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, and especially at least 1.0 wt% of an adhesion promoter based on the total weight of the grease composition.

[0137] If present, the proportion of additive d3 in the grease of the present invention, based on the total weight of the grease, is preferably 0.5 wt% to 23 wt%, more preferably 0.5 wt% to 20 wt%, even more preferably 1 wt% to 18 wt%, and particularly preferably 1.5 wt% to 12 wt%. Additives in the form of phosphorus-containing, sulfur-containing, nitrogen-containing and / or oxygen-containing compounds, polymers, and / or mixtures thereof are preferably used. Particularly preferred adjuvants are aromatic amines, phenols (especially alkylated phenols), triazoles (such as benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole), esters (especially sulfurized fatty acid esters, monoglycerides or diglycerides, sorbitan esters), thiadiazoles, dithiocarbamates (especially molybdenum dithiocarbamate), phosphates (especially thiophosphates, oligophosphates, oligothiophosphates, dithiophosphates, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiophosphate, phosphates, trialkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphates), phosphites, metal salts, carboxylic acids, polymers (especially polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers), and / or mixtures of the above substances.

[0138] The particularly preferred adjuvant (d3) is an aromatic amine, alkylphenol, thiadiazole, dithiocarbamate, triaryl phosphate, phosphate amine, benzotriazole and / or a mixture of the above substances.

[0139] According to the invention, preferred aromatic amines are styrenated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, octylated and / or butylated diphenylamine (especially p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine) and nonylated diphenylamine. Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the grease contains diphenylamine, especially p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, as an antioxidant.

[0140] Generally, a tribological system refers to a technical system that achieves, influences, or prevents motion through contact. Its main components include paired surfaces involved in tribological stress, and a stress set acting on these paired surfaces. A tribological system typically includes at least one body that contacts and moves relative to at least one paired body. The stress set includes the load applied to the bodies, as well as motion conditions, frictional states, and temperature. In one embodiment, the grease of the present invention is provided between the two bodies.

[0141] Within the scope of this invention, a tribological system specifically refers to a system in which friction is generated by the relative motion of interacting surfaces, and a lubrication system is used to reduce wear caused by surface stress resulting from friction. The grease of this invention reduces wear and ensures the normal operation of components subjected to frictional forces. Typical tribological systems to which the grease of this invention is applicable include bearings, chains, compressors, gearboxes, etc.

[0142] The grease of the present invention is ideally suited to serve as a lubricant in tribological systems, especially a lifetime lubricant.

[0143] In this regard, another subject of the invention is a tribological system comprising the grease of the invention, specifically configured as a bearing, chain, compressor, and / or gearbox.

[0144] Preferred embodiments of the tribological system of the present invention include embodiments described with respect to the grease of the present invention (with necessary modifications).

[0145] The grease of this invention can be used in a variety of bearings, namely rolling bearings and / or sliding bearings. Preferred rolling bearings and / or sliding bearings are selected from radial bearings, thrust bearings, radial shaft bearings, and / or linear bearings.

[0146] Rolling bearings are particularly preferred because they are especially suitable for lifetime lubrication. Rolling bearings can be roller bearings or ball bearings. Roller bearings can be needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, or self-aligning roller bearings. Ball bearings can be deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, and / or thrust ball bearings.

[0147] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tribological system is configured as a rolling bearing comprising the grease of the present invention, wherein, as determined according to DIN 51825:2004-06, the upper limit of the operating temperature of the grease under the conditions of 3000 rpm, 1500 15 N load, and mounting position B is at least 100°C, preferably 100°C to 200°C, and more preferably 120°C to 200°C.

[0148] The maximum operating temperature is reached when at least 50% of the bearing assembly (at least 5 test bearings) has been in operation for at least 100 hours at the test temperature.

[0149] In another specific embodiment of the invention, the grease of the invention is used to lubricate sliding bearings, specifically chains, valves, pipe fittings (especially gas pipe fittings), actuators, pneumatic cylinders, seals, and / or rolling bearings (especially roller bearings, such as needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, self-aligning roller bearings; or ball bearings, such as deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, and / or thrust ball bearings).

[0150] A preferred subject is tribological systems that are permanently lubricated by the grease of the present invention, particularly bearings, chains, compressors and / or gearboxes that are permanently lubricated by the grease of the present invention.

[0151] Also preferably, the grease of the present invention is used for the lifetime lubrication of tribological systems, particularly tribological systems in industrial and / or automotive applications.

[0152] Preferred embodiments for the use of the present invention include those described with respect to the grease of the present invention (with necessary modifications).

[0153] "Lifetime lubrication" or "lifetime lubrication" means that the tribological system is equipped with grease once and does not need to be replaced or updated until the planned service life ends.

[0154] The present invention also relates to the following uses of the grease of the present invention: for lubricating tribological systems in contact with food, such as working equipment in food processing including gearboxes, rolling bearings and sliding bearings, such as chains and conveyor belts, pneumatic cylinders and seals for transport in freezing tunnels.

[0155] The present invention also relates to the following uses of the grease of the present invention: for lubricating tribological systems in contact with drinking water, such as valves and fittings for gas and (drinking) water pipes; and / or for lubricating tribological systems that require an application temperature range from below -60°C to above 160°C.

[0156] The present invention also relates to the following uses of the grease of the present invention: for lubricating automotive components having rolling or sliding bearings, such as ball screw drives and actuators in automotive steering systems; gearboxes, plastic gearboxes, seals (especially sunroof seals), brake boosters and / or linear guides.

[0157] The grease of the present invention is also very suitable for lubricating the surfaces of sliding parts. Its advantageous properties are particularly evident when lubricating the surfaces of sliding parts comprising steel, non-ferrous metals, and / or plastics.

[0158] Another subject of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a tribological system in which the grease of the present invention is introduced between sliding couples in relative motion.

[0159] Preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention include those described with respect to the grease of the present invention.

[0160] A tribological system with lifetime lubrication is particularly preferred. Also preferably, the tribological system is configured as a rolling bearing.

[0161] Preferably, grease is introduced between sliding parts that are in relative motion by means of: concentrated lubrication, individual lubrication, preferably oil immersion lubrication, or jet lubrication (e.g., by means of a grease gun and / or a drip supply system).

[0162] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lubricating grease, wherein the lubricating grease is preferably the lubricating grease as described in one or more embodiments herein, the method comprising the following steps: A) Preparation of base lipids, including A1) At least one base oil comprising 50 wt% to 95.8 wt% of the total weight of the grease. A2) At least one thickener, comprising 4 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the grease, wherein the thickener is selected from urea thickener, metal complex soaps (especially lithium complex soap, aluminum complex soap, calcium complex soap), metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table (especially lithium single soap), and mixtures thereof. B) The grease is obtained by incorporating at least one semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, weighing from 0.2 wt% to 40 wt% by weight of the grease, into the base grease, the polyalphaolefin having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g.

[0163] Preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention include the preferred embodiments described with respect to the grease of the present invention (with necessary modifications). For example, the method may also include the addition of other substances, such as additives, solid lubricants, and other thickeners.

[0164] Another subject of the present invention is a grease prepared using the method of the present invention.

[0165] Another subject of the invention includes the following use: a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45% (wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by measuring the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g), combined with a thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps (especially lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps), metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table (especially lithium single soaps), and mixtures of the above substances, for producing shear stability in lubricating oils and / or for enhancing the shear stability of greases.

[0166] Another subject of the invention includes a method for adding an additive to a lubricating oil and / or grease, comprising: introducing a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45% (wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing by 2.93 J / g) into the lubricating oil and / or grease, in combination with a thickener selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps (particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps), metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table (particularly lithium single soaps), and mixtures thereof.

[0167] The method described above can produce shear stability in lubricating oil and / or enhance the shear stability of grease.

[0168] Preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention include preferred embodiments described with respect to the grease of the present invention (with necessary modifications).

[0169] Measurement methods Determination of the crystallinity of polyα-olefins The enthalpy of fusion of the polyalphaolefin was determined according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and divided by 2.93 J / g to determine the crystallinity of the polyalphaolefin. A baseline was determined using Scheme 1 (linear interpolation baseline) in DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. The enthalpy of fusion was determined in the second heating cycle. If there were more than one melting cycle, the enthalpies of fusion determined in this manner were summed. Detailed Implementation

[0170] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to several non-limiting embodiments.

[0171] Example 1: The crystallinity of two semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins and one paraffin was determined. Basic data for the materials studied are shown in the table below. To determine the crystallinity of the substance under study, the enthalpy of fusion was first determined by DSC according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. The following parameters were used: -Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH's DSC instrument Phoenix 204 F1 - Aluminum crucible (25 µl) with a double-hole lid Weigh the sample 10 + / - 0.3 mg. -Temperature control program (purging gas N2, 20 ml / min): Segment 1: 30℃ to -50℃ (rate 20 K / min) Segment 2: Maintain constant temperature at -50℃ for 15 minutes Segment 3: -50℃ to 75℃ (rate 2 K / min) Segment 4: 75℃ to -50℃ (rate 20 K / min) Segment 5: Maintain constant temperature at -50℃ for 15 minutes Segment 6: -50℃ to 75℃ (rate 2 K / min) Baseline determination was performed using scheme 1 (linear interpolation baseline) in DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. The enthalpy of fusion was determined during the second heating cycle. Evaluation was performed using segment 6.

[0172] exist Figure 1 The following table shows the DSC curves of the studied substance: The parameters measured by DSC are shown in the table below. The results showed that the crystallinity of paraffin was higher than 45%.

[0173] Example 2 A base grease 1 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared using calcium 12-hydroxystearate as a thickener. A non-inventory grease 1 was then prepared by adding polyalphaolefin Vybar® C-6112 (polyalphaolefin 2). In this example and all subsequent examples, the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin was treated as follows: mixed at 1500 rpm for 10 min with Hauschild's Speedmixer DAC700.1 FVZ, followed by homogenization (two rolling passes) using a three-roll mill. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and the grease were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh grease to sheared grease). The results are shown in the table below. The results showed that adding semi-crystalline poly-α-olefins to the base ester thickened with calcium monosoap reduced the shear stability of the base ester.

[0174] Example 3 A base grease 2 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared using calcium 12-hydroxystearate as a thickener, and a non-inventive grease 2 was prepared by adding a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar® C-6112) to this base grease. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and the grease were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh grease to sheared grease). The results are shown in the table below. The results showed that, whether in fresh lipids or after shearing experiments, the addition of semi-crystalline poly-α-olefins to the base lipids thickened with calcium monosoap resulted in significant softening.

[0175] Example 4 A base grease 3 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared using calcium 12-hydroxystearate as a thickener. Furthermore, a non-inventory grease 3 was prepared by adding a semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, Vybar® C-6112, to this base grease. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and the grease were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh grease to grease after shearing). The results are shown in the table below. The results showed that the addition of semi-crystalline poly-α-olefins led to a decrease in the dropping point.

[0176] Example 5 Base ester 4 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared using lithium complex soap, and polyalphaolefin Vybar was added to this base ester. ®The grease 4 of the present invention was prepared using C-6112. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and the lubricating grease were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh lubricating grease with sheared lubricating grease). The results are shown in the table below. The results showed that adding semi-crystalline poly-α-olefins to the base grease 4 containing lithium complex soap unexpectedly led to a decrease in the cone penetration of the grease of the present invention as a fresh grease, and also reduced oil separation. Even in the Shell Roll test, the sheared grease was harder than the fresh grease. In contrast, the base grease 4 exhibited a softening effect. The hardening of the grease 4 of the present invention in the Shell Roll test was particularly unexpected, as a greater degree of softening was expected given the low initial cone penetration.

[0177] Example 6 Base ester 5 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared using urea thickener, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar) was added to this base ester. ® The lubricating grease 5 of the present invention was prepared using C-6112. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and the lubricating grease were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh grease with sheared grease). The results are shown in the table below. The results showed that adding semi-crystalline poly-α-olefins to base ester 5 unexpectedly led to a significant reduction in the softening of urea esters in the ShellRoll test.

[0178] Example 7 Using lithium complex soap as a thickener, a base grease 6 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared, and semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar) was added to this base grease. ® The grease 6 of the present invention was prepared using C-6112. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and the lubricating grease were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh lubricating grease with sheared lubricating grease). The results are shown in the table below. The results showed that adding poly-α-olefins to base 6 unexpectedly reduced the softening of the lithium-complex soap-thickened grease in the Shell Roll test.

[0179] Example 8 This lithium single-soap grease contains 8.6 wt% lithium 12-hydroxystearate and 1 wt% amine antioxidants. The base oil is a mixture of PAO 4 and mPAO 300, with a kinematic viscosity of 1000 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s. The non-inventive ester 8b, which does not contain semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins, exhibited a softening of 63 units in the Shell Roll test. The compositions 8a, 8c-8k of the present invention, containing semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins alone or in combination at different concentrations, all exhibited lower softening in the Shell Roll test. For example, comparing 8i and 8a, it can be seen that in this base ester, semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar® C 6112) showed a significantly better effect than semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 1 (Vybar™ 260). Softening can be controlled by appropriately selecting the dosage, and for example, adjusted to near 0, see 8k.

[0180] Example 9 Aluminum complex grease (11% thickener ratio, containing benzoic acid and stearic acid as acid components), base oil PAO 6. The non-inventive grease 9e, which does not contain semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins, exhibited 64 units of softening in the Shell Roll test. The compositions 9a-9d of the present invention, containing semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins alone or in combination at different concentrations, all exhibited lower levels of softening in the Shell Roll test in all cases. In this grease formulation, the two semi-crystalline polyalphaolefins have similar effects (see 9b and 9c).

[0181] Example 10. Comparison of semi-crystalline PAO and paraffin wax Lithium soap grease was used as the base grease, containing 8.6% lithium 12-hydroxystearate and 1% amine antioxidants. The base oil mixture consisted of PAO 4 and mPAO 300, and had a kinematic viscosity of 1000 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s. Compared with the starting material (10c), after 50 h of testing, the non-inventory paraffin (mixture 1b) showed a significantly increased degree of softening, while the sample 10a of the present invention showed a much lower degree of softening.

[0182] Example 11 A base ester 11 with the composition shown in the table below was prepared using calcium complex soap as a thickener, and this was achieved by adding semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin 2 (Vybar) to the base ester. ®The lubricating grease 11 of the present invention was prepared using C-6112. The dropping point and oil separation properties of the base grease and lubricating grease 11 were tested, and their cone penetration was measured (comparing fresh grease with sheared grease). The results are shown in the table below.

Claims

1. A lubricating grease containing a) at least one base oil comprising 50 wt% to 95.8 wt% of the total weight of the grease. b) at least 4 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the grease, said thickener being selected from urea thickeners, metal complex soaps, particularly lithium complex soaps, aluminum complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, metal single soaps of Group I elements of the periodic table, particularly lithium single soaps, and mixtures of the above substances. c) 0.2 wt% to 40 wt% of at least one semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin, having at least one melting peak above 10°C as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and a crystallinity of 15% to 45%, wherein the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin is calculated by determining the melting enthalpy of the semi-crystalline polyalphaolefin according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 and dividing it by 2.93 J / g.

2. The lubricating grease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oil a) comprises 50 wt% to 92 wt% of the total weight of the grease, and the grease contains d) at least one additive different from b) and c) based on 0.5 wt% to 43 wt% of the total weight of the grease, particularly at least one solid lubricant (d1), at least one additional thickener (d2) and / or at least one auxiliary agent (d3).

3. The lubricating grease according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The base oil a) comprises 50 wt% to 92 wt% of the total weight of the grease, and the grease contains d) at least one additional additive, different from b) and c), comprising 0.5 wt% to 43 wt% of the total weight of the grease, including d1) at least one solid lubricant, comprising 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, and / or d2) At least one additional thickener, weighing from 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the grease, preferably selected from aluminum monosodium phosphate, calcium sulfonate, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydrophobic amorphous silica, silicates, polyimide, and mixtures thereof, and / or d3) At least one additive, comprising 0.5 wt% to 23 wt% of the total weight of the grease, preferably selected from antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, high-pressure additives, anti-wear agents, metal passivators, especially non-ferrous metal passivators, such as chelating agents, pour point depressants, VI modifiers, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, reactive film forming agents, adhesion promoters, conductivity modifiers, additives for reducing oil separation, and mixtures thereof.

4. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The semi-crystalline poly-α-olefin has an acid value of 10 mg KOH / g to 120 mg KOH / g, preferably 40 mg KOH / g to 100 mg KOH / g, as determined by ASTM D664-18e1.

5. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The semi-crystalline poly-α-olefin has a number-average molecular weight Mn greater than 2500 g / mol, as measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, for example, from 2500 g / mol to 37000 g / mol, preferably from 2500 g / mol to 5600 g / mol, and particularly from 3000 g / mol to 5600 g / mol.

6. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The viscosity of the semi-crystalline poly-α-olefin, as measured according to ASTM D3236-15(2021) at 100°C, is between 30 cPs and 1800 cPs, preferably between 80 cPs and 220 cPs.

7. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The amount of the semi-crystalline poly-α-olefin is in the range of 1 wt% to 25 wt%, preferably in the range of 3 wt% to 20 wt%, and particularly in the range of 3 wt% to 10 wt%.

8. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The thickener b) is selected from urea thickener, lithium complex soap, lithium single soap, and mixtures of the above substances.

9. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The base oil is selected from esters, ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, preferably polyalphaolefin base oils, especially metallocene-catalyzed polyalphaolefin base oils, and mixtures of the foregoing.

10. The lubricating grease according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The base oil is a polyalphaolefin base oil, with a kinematic viscosity of 10 mmHg at 40°C as determined by ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition). 2 / s to 15000 mm 2 / s, preferably 15 mm 2 / s to 10000 mm 2 / s, specifically 15 mm 2 / s to 1300 mm 2 / s.

11. A method for manufacturing a tribological system, characterized in that... The grease as described in any one or more of the preceding claims is introduced between sliding couples that are in relative motion.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, Grease is introduced between sliding pairs that are in relative motion in the following ways: centralized lubrication, individual lubrication, preferably oil immersion lubrication, such as jet lubrication by means of a grease gun and / or drip system.

13. A tribological system, particularly a bearing, chain, compressor, and / or gearbox, comprising a grease as described in any one or more of claims 1 to 10.

14. The tribological system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The tribological system is configured as a rolling bearing.

15. The tribological system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The tribological system is configured as a ball screw drive device and actuator in an automotive steering system; Gearboxes, plastic gearboxes, seals, sunroof seals, brake boosters and / or linear guides.

16. The tribological system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The upper limit of the operating temperature of the grease, as determined according to DIN 51825:2004-06 under conditions of 3000 rpm, 1500 15 N load, and installation position B, is at least 100°C, preferably 100°C to 200°C, and more preferably 120°C to 200°C.

17. The use of a grease as described in any one or more of claims 1 to 10 for the lubrication of the surfaces of sliding pairs, particularly for the lifetime lubrication of tribological systems, especially tribological systems in industrial and / or automotive applications.

18. The use of a grease as described in any one or more of claims 1 to 10 for lubricating automotive components, said components having rolling or sliding bearings, such as ball screw drives, actuators in automotive steering systems; gearboxes, plastic gearboxes, seals, sunroof seals, brake boosters, and / or linear guides.

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