Method for improving salinized soil by using suaeda glauca
By planting Suaeda salsa in saline soil, utilizing its root system to absorb salt and removing it by harvesting the above-ground parts, the high cost and complexity of saline soil improvement are solved, achieving soil structure improvement and salinity reduction, which is suitable for arid and semi-arid regions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511953008.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for improving saline soils are complex to operate, costly, and may cause secondary pollution in arid and semi-arid regions, making it difficult to effectively improve soil structure and reduce salinity.
Using Suaeda salsa as a salt-tolerant plant, the soil is tilled, sown, and covered with mulch. The roots of Suaeda salsa absorb soil salts, and the salts are removed by harvesting the above-ground parts. Combined with seed pretreatment and appropriate water management, the soil permeability and fertility are improved.
A simple and low-cost soil improvement method that significantly reduces soil salinity, improves soil fertility, is suitable for arid and semi-arid regions, and enhances land use efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121569633A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil using Suaeda salsa. Background Technology
[0002] Globally, approximately 10% of soils are affected by salinization, and high salinity has become a key factor restricting the improvement of global agricultural productivity. Therefore, the remediation of saline-alkali soils has always been a global challenge. Against this backdrop, the work of improving saline-alkali soils is not only of great significance for promoting the development of specialty agriculture and deepening agricultural reform, but also can effectively increase crop yields and provide strong support for ensuring food security.
[0003] The core approach to improving saline-alkali soils lies in reducing soil salinity and restoring surface vegetation. Soil moisture, nutrients, and salinity are key factors restricting plant growth and development, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where the dual stress of drought and high soil salinity severely hinders plant absorption and utilization of soil nutrients. Salt stress can also trigger osmotic imbalances and ion toxicity effects in plant cells, significantly impacting crop growth and yield.
[0004] Currently, the more mature methods for improving saline-alkali soils are mainly divided into two categories: engineering improvement and chemical improvement. Common methods for engineering improvement include irrigation and salt leaching, and optimizing farming practices. However, these methods are highly dependent on water resources and are not suitable for arid and semi-arid regions. Chemical improvement optimizes soil structure and improves soil fertility by adding soil conditioners. However, this method is more suitable for small-scale improvement scenarios. If applied to the treatment of large-scale saline-alkali soils, not only is the economic cost high, but improper use may also cause secondary pollution or even soil compaction. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a new technology for improving saline-alkali soils that is easy to operate, has significant improvement effects, and is low in cost. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil using *Suaeda salsa*. As a typical salt-tolerant plant, *Suaeda salsa*'s root system can effectively improve soil compaction and increase soil permeability during its growth and expansion. Therefore, this invention uses *Suaeda salsa* to improve saline-alkali soil, which is not only simple to operate, has significant improvement effects, and is low in cost, but is also particularly suitable for arid and semi-arid regions with low rainfall and high evaporation. It is evident that this invention, utilizing the salt-accumulating plant *Suaeda salsa* to improve saline-alkali soil, provides a novel approach for the management, improvement, and development of saline-alkali soil, and is of great significance for improving land resource utilization efficiency.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil using Suaeda salsa, comprising the following steps: (1) Plow the land and divide it into ridges of 4~6m×1.5~2.5m; (2) Sow small-leaved Suaeda salsa on the raised beds and cover with plastic film; (3) Daily management of the growing Suaeda salsa.
[0007] Preferably, the soil in step (1) is sandy loam or sandy soil, the tillage depth is 30-40cm, and the tillage process includes removing the salt crust and debris from the soil surface. The height of the ridges is 5-10cm, the distance between the long sides of two adjacent ridges is 30-40cm, and the distance between the short sides is 20-30cm.
[0008] As a preferred option, the Suaeda salsa described in step (2) is first soaked in KMnO4 solution for 10-30 minutes before sowing, and then soaked in water for 3-5 hours. The concentration of the KMnO4 solution is 500-800 mg / L.
[0009] As a preferred method, the method for sowing Suaeda salsa in step (2) is as follows: make furrows of 1-2 cm in the seedbed, mix sand and Suaeda salsa seeds and then sow them in the seedbed; the row spacing of the furrows is 8-12 cm, the amount of Suaeda salsa seeds used is 0.9-1.1 kg / mu, and the mass ratio of sand to Suaeda salsa seeds is 8-12:0.8-1.2.
[0010] Preferably, the air temperature for sowing Suaeda salsa in step (2) is 10~15℃, and the soil moisture content for sowing Suaeda salsa is 5~10%.
[0011] Preferably, the daily management described in step (3) includes planting of Suaeda salsa, water management, and regular harvesting of Suaeda salsa.
[0012] Preferably, the planting density of *Suaeda salsa* is 10-15 plants / m². 2 .
[0013] Preferably, the water management method is to maintain the soil moisture content at 5-10% during the growth of Suaeda salsa.
[0014] Preferably, the Suaeda salsa is harvested regularly during the flowering and fruiting period, and the stubble height after regular harvesting is 7-10 cm.
[0015] Suaeda salsa (Salvia splendens) Suaeda microphylla(CAMey.) Pall., belonging to the genus *Suaeda* in the family Chenopodiaceae, is a typical true halophyte, exhibiting strong tolerance to extreme environments such as drought, cold, and high salinity. This plant can grow normally in saline-alkali soils and arid grasslands, serving as a landmark vegetation for ecological protection in saline-alkali desert areas. Its soil-improving mechanism involves the absorption of soluble salts from the soil through its roots, which are then concentrated in the above-ground parts. Continuous harvesting of the above-ground parts allows for the sustained removal of soil salts, thereby reducing soil salinity and improving soil fertility.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The technical solution of this invention falls under the category of biological improvement, specifically selecting the true halophyte *Suaeda salsa*. *Suaeda salsa* possesses exceptional adaptability, thriving in high-salt environments with salt concentrations of 200-500 mM and completing its entire life cycle. During its growth, it efficiently absorbs and transfers salt from the soil to its above-ground parts, significantly reducing soil salinity.
[0017] Compared with other soil improvement methods, this biological improvement method using Suaeda salsa has significant advantages: the operation process is extremely simple, requiring no complex technology or equipment; the improvement effect is good, effectively improving soil salinization; the cost is also relatively low, requiring no large investment in materials or equipment. Furthermore, this technical solution is highly adaptable to areas with low rainfall and high evaporation, fully leveraging its effectiveness to help improve local soil and provide strong support for agricultural production and ecological environment improvement. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the changes in soil salinity before and after planting Suaeda salsa. Detailed Implementation
[0019] This invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil using Suaeda salsa, comprising the following steps: (1) Plow the land and divide it into ridges of 4~6m×1.5~2.5m; (2) Sow small-leaved Suaeda salsa on the raised beds and cover with plastic film; (3) Daily management of the growing Suaeda salsa.
[0020] In this invention, the soil in step (1) is sandy loam or sandy soil, the tillage depth is preferably 30-40cm, more preferably 35cm, and before tillage, the step of removing salt crust and debris from the soil surface is also included. The height of the ridges is preferably 5-10cm, more preferably 6-8cm, the distance between the long sides of two adjacent ridges is preferably 30-40cm, more preferably 35cm, and the distance between the short sides is preferably 20-30cm, more preferably 25cm.
[0021] In this invention, the *Suaeda salsa* described in step (2) is first soaked in KMnO4 solution for 10-30 minutes, more preferably 15-25 minutes, and even more preferably 20 minutes before sowing, and then soaked in water for 3-5 hours, more preferably 4 hours. The concentration of the KMnO4 solution is preferably 500-800 mg / L, and more preferably 600-700 mg / L.
[0022] In this invention, the method of sowing Suaeda salsa in step (2) is as follows: preferably, dig furrows of 1-2 cm in the seedbed, more preferably 1.5 cm in the furrows, mix sand and Suaeda salsa seeds and then sow them in the seedbed; the row spacing of the furrows is preferably 8-12 cm, more preferably 10 cm, the amount of Suaeda salsa seeds used is preferably 0.9-1.1 kg / mu, more preferably 1 kg / mu, and the mass ratio of sand to Suaeda salsa seeds is preferably 8-12:0.8-1.2, more preferably 10:1.
[0023] In this invention, the air temperature for sowing Suaeda salsa in step (2) is preferably 10~15℃, more preferably 13℃, and the soil moisture content for sowing Suaeda salsa is preferably 5~10%, more preferably 7%.
[0024] In this invention, after sowing in step (2), the process also includes planting at a depth of 20-30m. 3 The irrigation method involves irrigating for 3-5 days at a rate of 20m³ / mu, and further optimization is needed. 3 The steps for irrigating for 3 days with an irrigation volume of / mu.
[0025] In this invention, the daily management described in step (3) preferably includes planting of Suaeda salsa, water management, and regular harvesting of Suaeda salsa.
[0026] In this invention, the preferred planting density of *Suaeda salsa* is 10-15 plants / m². 2 Further optimized to 13 plants / m 2 .
[0027] In this invention, the water management method is as follows: during the growth of Suaeda salsa, the soil moisture content is preferably maintained at 5-10%, and more preferably at 7%.
[0028] In this invention, the preferred time for regular harvesting of Suaeda salsa is during the flowering and fruiting period, and the preferred stubble height after regular harvesting is 7-10cm, more preferably 8cm.
[0029] The planting experiments of this invention were all conducted within the water-salt gradient monitoring transect of the Dongdaqiao Management Station in the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang. This area is located in the Alashankou wind corridor, with an extremely arid climate and scarce rainfall. The highest temperature can reach 44℃, and the lowest temperature can drop to -33℃. The average annual precipitation is 100mm, and the average annual evaporation is over 1600mm. The plot settings for each embodiment and comparative example were uniformly set up as follows: along a direction perpendicular to the north of the Achiksu River, from the river channel from near to far, plot 1 (high water and high salinity), plot 2 (medium water and low salinity), and plot 3 (low water and low salinity) were set up sequentially at 300m intervals, with each plot being a 30m × 30m quadrat.
[0030] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil with Suaeda salsa, specifically including the following steps; 1. Land selection and preparation: Select sandy loam soil with good drainage and aeration. Deeply plow the saline land to a depth of 30cm to remove the surface salt crust and debris, and level the land into small beds 5m long and 2m wide. The distance between the long sides of two beds should be 40cm and the distance between the short sides should be 30cm. Keep the small beds 5cm above the ground to facilitate drainage.
[0033] 2. Seed treatment: Select salt-tolerant, plump, and disease-free Suaeda salsa seeds; The seeds were soaked in a 500 mg / L potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then placed in clean water and left to stand for 3 hours.
[0034] 3. Planting of Suaeda salsa: Plant Suaeda salsa in mid-to-late April (temperature 12.5±2.5℃). Make 1cm planting furrows in the prepared seedbeds, with a row spacing of 8cm. Mix the sand and Suaeda salsa seeds evenly and sow them in the planting furrows, then cover with mulch. The mass ratio of sand to Suaeda salsa seeds is 10:1; The sowing rate of Suaeda salsa seeds is 0.9 kg / mu; The *Suaeda salsa* seedlings were irrigated for 3 days after planting, with a daily irrigation rate of 20m³. 3 The irrigation amount is calculated per acre.
[0035] 4. Growth and development of Suaeda salsa
[0036] Planting of Suaeda salsa: Planting of Suaeda salsa should be completed from late April to early May, with a planting density of 13 plants / m². 2 ; Water management: Measure the soil moisture content once before sowing, once every 1-2 days during germination, once every 5 days during the seedling stage, and once every 7 days during the growth, flowering, and maturity stages. Maintain the soil moisture content at around 5%, which is suitable for the growth of Suaeda salsa.
[0037] 5. Harvesting time: Harvest during the flowering and fruiting period from August to October, leaving a stubble height of 7cm at the time of harvest.
[0038] Example 2
[0039] This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil using Suaeda salsa, specifically including the following steps; 1. Land selection and preparation: Select sandy soil with good drainage and aeration for planting. Deeply plow the saline soil to a depth of 35cm, remove the surface salt crust and debris, and level the land to form small beds 5m long and 2m wide. The distance between the long sides of two beds should be 40cm, and the distance between the short sides should be 30cm. Keep the small beds 5cm above the ground to facilitate drainage.
[0040] 2. Seed treatment: Select salt-tolerant, plump, and disease-free Suaeda salsa seeds; The seeds were soaked in a 500 mg / L potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, and then placed in clean water and left to stand for 4 hours.
[0041] 3. Planting of Suaeda salsa: Plant Suaeda salsa in mid-to-late April (temperature 12.5±2.5℃). Make 2cm planting furrows in the prepared seedbeds, with a row spacing of 10cm. Mix the sand and Suaeda salsa seeds evenly and sow them in the planting furrows, then cover with mulch. The mass ratio of sand to Suaeda salsa seeds is 10:1; The sowing rate of Suaeda salsa seeds is 1.1 kg / mu; The *Suaeda salsa* seedlings were irrigated for 5 days after planting, with a daily irrigation rate of 25m³. 3 The irrigation amount is calculated per acre.
[0042] 4. Growth and development of Suaeda salsa
[0043] Planting of Suaeda salsa: Planting of Suaeda salsa should be completed from late April to early May, with a planting density of 15 plants / m². 2 ; Water management: Measure the soil moisture content once before sowing, once every 1-2 days during germination, once every 5 days during the seedling stage, and once every 7 days during the growth, flowering, and maturity stages. Maintain the soil moisture content at around 5%, which is suitable for the growth of Suaeda salsa.
[0044] 5. Harvesting time: Harvest during the flowering and fruiting period from August to October, leaving a stubble height of 8cm at the time of harvest.
[0045] Example 3
[0046] This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil using Suaeda salsa, specifically including the following steps; 1. Land selection and preparation: Select sandy loam soil with good drainage and aeration. Deeply plow the saline land to a depth of 40cm to remove the surface salt crust and debris, and level the land into small beds 5m long and 2m wide. The long side of the two beds should be 40cm apart, and the short side of the two beds should be 30cm apart. Keep the small beds 5cm above the ground to facilitate drainage.
[0047] 2. Seed treatment: Select salt-tolerant, plump, and disease-free Suaeda salsa seeds.
[0048] The seeds were soaked in a 500 mg / L potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, and then placed in clean water and left to stand for 5 hours.
[0049] 3. Planting of Suaeda salsa: Plant Suaeda salsa in mid-to-late April (temperature 12.5±2.5℃). Make 2cm planting furrows in the prepared seedbeds, with a row spacing of 12cm. Mix the sand and Suaeda salsa seeds evenly and sow them in the planting furrows, then cover with mulch. The mass ratio of sand to Suaeda salsa seeds is 10:1; The sowing rate of the *Suaeda salsa* seeds is 1.0 kg / mu; The small-leaved plants were irrigated for 5 days after planting, at a rate of 30m³ per day. 3 The irrigation amount is calculated per acre.
[0050] 4. Growth and development of Suaeda salsa
[0051] Planting of Suaeda salsa: Planting of Suaeda salsa should be completed from late April to early May, with a planting density of 10 plants / m². 2 ; Water management: Measure the soil moisture content once before sowing, once every 1-2 days during germination, once every 5 days during the seedling stage, and once every 7 days during the growth, flowering, and maturity stages. Maintain the soil moisture content at around 5%, which is suitable for the growth of Suaeda salsa.
[0052] 5. Harvesting time: Harvest during the flowering and fruiting period from August to October, leaving a stubble height of 10cm at the time of harvest.
[0053] Comparative Example 1: No soil tillage
[0054] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 does not involve any tillage, removal of salt crust, or loosening of the soil, but instead directly plants Suaeda salsa in the original saline soil by digging trenches.
[0055] The germination rate is low, the seedlings emerge unevenly, and the growth is slow.
[0056] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 did not employ deep tillage. The soil in the Ebinur Lake region of Xinjiang is severely salinized, with a salt crust on the surface, low organic matter content, and compacted soil, which is detrimental to seed germination and seedling growth. The subsoil is dense and has poor permeability, hindering aeration and water retention. Tillage loosens the topsoil, breaks up soil compaction, interrupts soil capillaries, reduces soil moisture evaporation, effectively controls soil salinization, and improves seed germination and emergence rates.
[0057] Comparative Example 2: No seed pretreatment was performed.
[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 2, the seeds were not treated with soaking in 500 mg / L KMnO4 solution or water, but were sown directly.
[0059] Low germination rate, poor seedling resistance, and susceptibility to pests and diseases.
[0060] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 2 did not pretreat the seeds. Without pretreatment, the germination performance of the seeds decreased, resulting in wasted seeds and insufficient stress resistance. Soaking the seeds in a 500 mg / L KMnO4 solution for 20 minutes disinfects and sterilizes them, breaks seed dormancy, and enhances their resistance. Soaking in clean water softens the seed coat. Pretreatment improves germination rate and stress resistance.
[0061] Comparative Example 3: Broadcasting vs. Transplanting
[0062] Broadcasting group (Example 3): Sand and seeds were mixed evenly and broadcast (mass ratio of 10:1).
[0063] The seeding group was located in a low-to-medium salinity region.
[0064] Transplanting group: Seedlings with soil clods were transplanted after seedling raising; The planting group was located in a high-salinity area;
[0065] Effectiveness evaluation: The transplanting group showed no significant difference in soil salinity improvement compared to the broadcasting group. Furthermore, the cost of seedling cultivation and transplanting was high, and the technical requirements were strict, making it suitable only for small-scale soil improvement.
[0066] Experimental Example: Soil Sample Selection and Detection
[0067] This invention employs standardized soil sampling and analysis methods to evaluate the method used in Example 3 for improving saline-alkali soil with *Suaeda salsa*. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: Within each quadrat, three representative soil profile sampling points are selected based on a three-point sampling method. Soil samples from 0 to 20 cm depth are collected layer by layer from bare land before planting and from covered areas after planting. Each sample is divided into two portions: one portion is immediately placed in an aluminum box to determine soil moisture content (SWC) and record the wet weight; the other portion is placed in a self-sealing bag, air-dried, and sieved before being used to determine total soil salinity (TS), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP).
[0068] pH was extracted using a 5:1 water-soil leaching method; soil organic carbon content was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method; total phosphorus was determined using the molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; and total nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method. The results are shown in Tables 1-2 and 2. Figure 1 .
[0069] Table 1. Soil moisture content, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in bare soil.
[0070] Table 2. Soil moisture content, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the root crown of *Suaeda salsa*.
[0071] Table 1 shows that before planting Suaeda salsa, the top 20cm soil moisture content in plots 1, 2, and 3 was 4.26%, 3.37%, and 0.48%, respectively. Table 2 shows that after planting, the soil moisture content in these three plots increased to 11.43%, 6.2%, and 5.19%, respectively, representing increases of 168.31%, 83.98%, and 981.25%. This indicates that the planting method of this invention effectively enhances the water retention capacity of saline-alkali soil.
[0072] Meanwhile, combining the data from Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that soil salinity significantly decreased after planting *Suaeda salsa*: a decrease of 39.68% in plot 1, 32.49% in plot 2, and 7.61% in plot 3; and the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the top 0-20 cm soil all increased. Figure 1 The results (the salt content of all soil layers was significantly reduced after planting Suaeda salsa, and the differences between groups were obvious) further prove that planting Suaeda salsa using the method of the present invention can improve the physicochemical properties of saline soil and successfully achieve soil improvement.
[0073] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil using *Suaeda salsa*, comprising the following steps: tilling the land and preparing it into beds of 4-6m × 1.5-2.5m; then soaking *Suaeda salsa* seeds in a 500-800mg / L KMnO4 solution for 10-30 minutes, removing them and soaking them in clean water for 3-5 minutes; then mixing the seeds with sand at a mass ratio of 8-12:0.8-1.2, and broadcasting the seeds at a sowing rate of 900-1100g / mu, followed by mulching; finally, carrying out routine field management of *Suaeda salsa* during its growth period. The *Suaeda salsa* selected in this invention can complete its entire life cycle in a high-salt solution environment. By optimizing seed treatment, zoning planting strategies, and harvesting recycling, the efficiency of *Suaeda salsa* in absorbing and transferring soil salt can be improved. The salt accumulated in its above-ground parts can be removed by harvesting, achieving soil desalination. The desalinated *Suaeda salsa* can also be used as feed or organic fertilizer to further enhance the salt reduction and fertilization effects. This method is applicable to the remediation of saline soils in arid regions such as Xinjiang. It combines high efficiency, low cost, and ecological sustainability, providing a solution for the remediation of saline soils and improving the utilization efficiency of saline-alkali land in arid regions such as Xinjiang.
[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for improving salinized soil using Suaeda linifolia, characterized by, Includes the following steps: (1) Plow the land and divide it into ridges of 4~6m×1.5~2.5m; (2) Sow small-leaved Suaeda salsa on the raised beds and cover with plastic film; (3) Daily management of the growing Suaeda salsa.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil in step (1) is sandy loam or sandy soil. The depth of plowing is 30-40cm. Before plowing, the step of removing salt crust and debris from the surface of the soil is also included. The height of the ridge is 5-10cm. The distance between the long sides of two adjacent ridges is 30-40cm and the distance between the short sides is 20-30cm.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the small-leaved Suaeda salsa is first soaked in KMnO4 solution for 10-30 minutes before sowing, and then soaked in water for 3-5 hours. The concentration of the KMnO4 solution is 500-800 mg / L.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for sowing Suaeda salsa in step (2) is as follows: make furrows 1-2 cm deep in the seedbed, mix sand and Suaeda salsa seeds and then sow them in the seedbed; the row spacing of the furrows is 8-12 cm, the amount of Suaeda salsa seeds used is 0.9-1.1 kg / mu, and the mass ratio of sand to Suaeda salsa seeds is 8-12:0.8-1.
2.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air temperature for sowing Suaeda salsa in step (2) is 10~15℃, and the soil moisture content for sowing Suaeda salsa is 5~10%.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The daily management described in step (3) includes planting of Suaeda salsa, water management, and regular harvesting of Suaeda salsa.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The density of the small-leaf alkanna planting is 10-15 plants / m 2 .
8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water management method is to maintain the soil moisture content at 5-10% during the growth of Suaeda salsa.
9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The regular harvesting time for Suaeda salsa is during the flowering and fruiting period, and the stubble height left after regular harvesting is 7-10cm.